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930:", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues reached $ 9 million ($ 158 million today) and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. Watson never liked the clumsy hyphenated name "Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines" which had previously been used as the name of CTR's Canadian Division; the name was changed on February 14, 1924. By 1933, most of the subsidiaries had been merged into one company, IBM.
1751:". Its principal building, referred to as CHQ, is a 283,000-square-foot (26,300 m) glass and stone edifice on a 25-acre (10 ha) parcel amid a 432-acre former apple orchard the company purchased in the mid-1950s. There are two other IBM buildings within walking distance of CHQ: the North Castle office, which previously served as IBM's headquarters; and the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning (formerly known as IBM Learning Center (ILC)), a resort hotel and training center, which has 182 guest rooms, 31 meeting rooms, and various amenities.
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reported a sharp drop in profit margins during the second quarter of fiscal year 1992; market analysts attributed the drop to a fierce price war in the personal computer market over the summer of 1992. The corporate restructuring was one of the largest and most expensive in history up to that point. By the summer of 1993, the IBM PC Co. had divided into multiple business units itself, including
56:
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956:), supplied this equipment from the early 1930s. This equipment was critical to Nazi efforts to categorize citizens of both Germany and other nations that fell under Nazi control through ongoing censuses. These census data were used to facilitate the round-up of Jews and other targeted groups, and to catalog their movements through the machinery of the
1217:
In 1998, IBM merged the enterprise-oriented
Personal Systems Group of the IBM PC Co. into IBM's own Global Services personal computer consulting and customer service division. The resulting merged business units then became known simply as IBM Personal Systems Group. A year later, IBM stopped selling
8230:
IBM today announced that it will achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 to further its decades-long work to address the global climate crisis. The company will accomplish this goal by prioritizing actual reductions in its emissions, energy efficiency efforts and increased clean energy use
2181:
to make a wide variety of IBM software available as a service on AWS Marketplace. Additionally, the deal includes both companies making joint investments that make it easier for companies to consume IBM's offering and integrate them with AWS, including developer training and software development for
1434:, will have 90,000 employees, 4,600 clients in 115 countries, with a backlog of $ 60 billion. IBM's spin off was greater than any of its previous divestitures, and welcomed by investors. IBM appointed Martin Schroeter, who had been IBM's CFO from 2014 through the end of 2017, as CEO of Kyndryl.
3157:
relaxed these codes, normalizing the dress and behavior of IBM employees. The company's culture has also given to different plays on the company acronym (IBM), with some saying it stands for "I've Been Moved" due to relocations and layoffs, others saying it stands for "I'm By Myself" pursuant to a
3152:
Employees are often referred to as "IBMers". IBM's culture has evolved significantly over its century of operations. In its early days, a dark (or gray) suit, white shirt, and a "sincere" tie constituted the public uniform for IBM employees. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s, CEO
1111:
that would become ubiquitous for credit/debit/ATM cards, driver's licenses, rapid transit cards and a multitude of other identity and access control applications. IBM pioneered the manufacture of these cards, and for most of the 1970s, the data processing systems and software for such applications
1028:
In 1963, IBM employees and computers helped NASA track the orbital flights of the
Mercury astronauts. A year later, it moved its corporate headquarters from New York City to Armonk, New York. The latter half of the 1960s saw IBM continue its support of space exploration, participating in the 1965
2274:
In June 2020, IBM announced that it was exiting the facial recognition business. In a letter to congress, IBM's Chief
Executive Officer Arvind Krishna told lawmakers, "now is the time to begin a national dialogue on whether and how facial recognition technology should be employed by domestic law
1155:
In
September 1992, IBM completed the spin-off of their various non-mainframe and non-midrange, personal computer manufacturing divisions, combining them into an autonomous wholly owned subsidiary known as the IBM Personal Computer Company (IBM PC Co.). This corporate restructuring came after IBM
1099:
by monopolizing or attempting to monopolize the general-purpose electronic digital computer system market, specifically computers designed primarily for business, and subsequently alleged that IBM violated the antitrust laws in IBM's actions directed against leasing companies and plug-compatible
925:
cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned
Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed,
1456:, IBM CEO Arvind Krishna published a Ukrainian flag and announced that "we have suspended all business in Russia". All Russian articles were also removed from the IBM website. On June 7, Krishna announced that IBM would carry out an "orderly wind-down" of its operations in Russia.
763:
among the most powerful in the world, and in 2001 it became the first company to generate more than 3,000 patents in one year, beating this record in 2008 with over 4,000 patents. As of 2022, the company held 150,000 patents. IBM has also been criticized as being a
1100:
peripheral manufacturers. Shortly after, IBM unbundled its software and services in what many observers believed was a direct result of the lawsuit, creating a competitive market for software. In 1982, the
Department of Justice dropped the case as "without merit".
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2086:
and announced a $ 3 billion investment over the following five years to design a neural chip that mimics the human brain, with 10 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses, but that uses just 1 kilowatt of power. In 2016, the company launched
1726:
invested in. Initially he bought 64 million shares costing $ 10.5 billion. Over the years, Buffett increased his IBM holdings, but by the end of 2017 had reduced them by 94.5% to 2.05 million shares; by May 2018, he was completely out of IBM.
1068:. It spanned the complete range of commercial and scientific applications from large to small, allowing companies for the first time to upgrade to models with greater computing capability without having to rewrite their applications. It was followed by the
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In 1991 IBM began spinning off its many divisions into autonomous subsidiaries (so-called "Baby Blues") in an attempt to make the company more manageable and to streamline IBM by having other investors finance those companies. These included
1140:, dedicated to disk drives and other data storage products; IBM Application Business Systems, dedicated to mid-range computers; IBM Enterprise Systems, dedicated to mainframes; Pennant Systems, dedicated to mid-range and large printers;
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In 2023, IBM acquired Manta
Software Inc. to complement its data and A.I. governance capabilities for an undisclosed amount. On November 16, 2023, IBM suspended ads on Twitter after ads were found next to pro-Nazi content.
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1491:
IBM's market capitalization was valued at over $ 153 billion as of May 2024. Despite its relative decline within the technology sector, IBM remains the seventh largest technology company by revenue, and 67th
856:
IBM originated with several technological innovations developed and commercialized in the late 19th century. Julius E. Pitrap patented the computing scale in 1885; Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888);
5896:
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2693:(direct and indirect) for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 at 621 kilotons (-324 /-34.3% year-on-year). In February 2021, IBM committed to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2030.
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rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. In 2014, IBM was accused of using "financial engineering" to hit its quarterly earnings targets rather than investing for the longer term.
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Collectively, the companies manufactured a wide array of machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards.
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960:, including internment in the concentration camps. Nazi concentration camps operated a Hollerith department called Hollerith Abteilung, which had IBM machines, including calculating and sorting machines.
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in 2014, and $ 3 billion to create a next-gen semiconductor along with $ 4 billion towards growing the company's "strategic imperatives" (cloud, analytics, mobile, security, social) in 2015.
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IBM's financial statements from the 2021 annual report have adjusted revenue, income numbers, employee count for the previous years to account for discontinued operations related to the separation of
2442:
expenditure totals several billion dollars each year. In 2012, that expenditure was approximately $ 6.9 billion. Recent allocations have included $ 1 billion to create a business unit for
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IBM operates in 174 countries as of 2016, with mobility centers in smaller market areas and major campuses in the larger ones. In New York City, IBM has several offices besides CHQ, including the
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where it won against game-show champions Ken
Jennings and Brad Rutter. The company also celebrated its 100th anniversary in the same year on June 16. In 2012, IBM announced it had agreed to buy
679:
and present in over 175 countries. IBM is the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 19 research facilities across a dozen countries, having held the record for most annual
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IBM announced in
October 2020 that it would divest the Managed Infrastructure Services unit of its Global Technology Services division into a new public company. The new company,
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prevalent work-from-anywhere norm, and others saying it stands for "I'm Being
Mentored" due to the company's open door policy and encouragement for mentoring at all levels.
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Research has been part of IBM since its founding, and its organized efforts trace their roots back to 1945, when the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory was founded at
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Gemini flights, 1966 Saturn flights, and 1969 lunar mission. IBM also developed and manufactured the Saturn V's Instrument Unit and Apollo spacecraft guidance computers.
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With 160,000 consultants as of 2024, it is one of the ten largest consulting companies in the world. IBM's consulting business was valued at $ 20 billion, as of 2024.
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2576:. Since its first patent for a traffic signaling device, IBM has been one of the world's most prolific patent sources. In 2021, the company held the record for most
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2618:. It was a general replacement for a 13-bar logo, since period photocopiers did not render narrow (as opposed to tall) stripes well. Aside from the logo, IBM used
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provider, which in 2011 reported hosting more than 81,000 servers for more than 26,000 customers. IBM also provides Cloud Data Encryption Services (ICDES), using
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IBM has a valuable brand as a result of over 100 years of operations and marketing campaigns. Since 1996, IBM has been the exclusive technology partner for the
952:
made extensive use of Hollerith punch card and alphabetical accounting equipment and IBM's majority-owned German subsidiary, Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH (
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app with live streaming (2009), and first-ever live 4K Ultra High Definition feed in the United States for a major sporting event (2016). As a result, IBM CEO
697:
of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. It was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924 and soon became the leading manufacturer of
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in a three-game tournament and won. Watson has since been applied to business, healthcare, developers, and universities. For example, IBM has partnered with
1080:
and the dominant computing platform in the industry throughout this period and into the early 1980s. They and the operating systems that ran on them such as
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921:, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered a position at CTR. Watson joined CTR as general manager and then, 11 months later, was made President when
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3640:"IBM Tops U.S. Patent List for 28th Consecutive Year with Innovations in Artificial Intelligence, Hybrid Cloud, Quantum Computing and Cyber-Security"
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7145:
4001:
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3532:"Why IBM is no longer interested in breaking patent records–and how it plans to measure innovation in the age of open source and quantum computing"
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Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Mattu, Ravi; Warner, Bernhard; Kessler, Sarah; de la Merced, Michael J.; Hirsch, Lauren; Walt, Vivienne (November 17, 2023).
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of white shirts with blue suits. The company logo has undergone several changes over the years, with its current "8-bar" logo designed in 1972 by
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to spell out the company acronym, marking the first structure assembled one atom at a time. A major part of IBM research is the generation of
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designed for small and midsized companies, which includes software for data compression, provisioning, and snapshots across various systems.
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constitutes the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 12 labs on 6 continents. IBM Research is headquartered at the
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The company's 15-member board of directors are responsible for overall corporate management and includes the current or former CEOs of
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transaction processing monitor, had a near-monopoly-level market share and became the thing IBM was most known for during this period.
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The company has traditionally resisted labor union organizing, although unions represent some IBM workers outside the United States.
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974:, an electromechanical computer, during World War II. It offered its first commercial stored-program computer, the vacuum tube based
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dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "
8380:
Kearns, David T (May 31, 2005). "Crossing the Bridge: Family, Business, Education, Cancer, and the Lessons Learned". Meliora Press.
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market would end at the end of that year. Both companies stated that it was unrelated to the charges of bribery earlier that year.
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Appendix to Hearings Before the Committee on Patents, House of Representatives, Seventy-Fourth Congress, on H. R. 4523, Part III
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sued IBM accusing it of patent infringement, two months after IBM accused Groupon of patent infringement in a separate lawsuit.
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2479:(worth approximately $ 40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (
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Many IBM employees have achieved notability outside of work and after leaving IBM. In business, former IBM employees include
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5862:"IBM To Accelerate Hybrid Cloud Growth Strategy And Execute Spin-Off Of Market-Leading Managed Infrastructure Services Unit"
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IBM has a large and diverse portfolio of products and services. As of 2016, these offerings fall into the categories of
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In 2004, concerns were raised related to IBM's contribution in its early days to pollution in its original location in
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1400:, Truven Health Analytics for $ 2.6 billion in 2016, and in October 2018, IBM announced its intention to acquire
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in New York City, converting a renovated fraternity house on Manhattan's West Side into IBM's first laboratory. Now,
1712:. Vanguard Group is the largest shareholder of IBM and as of March 31, 2023, held 15.7% of total shares outstanding.
1218:
their computers at retail outlets after their market share in this sector had fallen considerably behind competitors
1014:
823:. IBM employees and alumni have won various recognitions for their scientific research and inventions, including six
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screenings. Several companies use Watson for call centers, either replacing or assisting customer service agents.
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and formed a new cloud video unit. In April 2016, it posted a 14-year low in quarterly sales. The following month,
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to record workers' arrival and departure times on a paper tape (1889). On June 16, 1911, their four companies were
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8103:"In Japan, IBM employees have formed a football team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games"
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1911:
885:(CTR) based in Endicott, New York. The five companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and
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laws. As a consequence, IBM quickly began losing its market dominance to emerging competitors in the PC market.
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1301:-based servers. Also that year, IBM began announcing several major partnerships with other companies, including
1286:, in a deal worth around $ 2 billion. Also that year, the company designed a video surveillance system for
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10369:
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7512:
5776:"IBM to acquire Red Hat, completely changing the cloud landscape and becoming world's #1 hybrid cloud provider"
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3201:
2428:
914:
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7753:
6233:"IBM and Rapidus Form Strategic Partnership to Build Advanced Semiconductor Technology and Ecosystem in Japan"
3717:"IBM is Acting No Better Than Patent Trolls, Preying on Smaller Companies by Suing Them With Software Patents"
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in professional golf, with IBM creating the first Masters.org (1996), the first course cam (1998), the first
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1968:
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IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation
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IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation
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3104:, of the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., in 1973, for work in semiconductors;
728:, one of IBM's best selling products. Due to a lack of foresight by IBM, the PC was not well protected by
713:, with the company producing 80 percent of computers in the U.S. and 70 percent of computers worldwide.
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in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM
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Campbell-Kelly, Martin; Aspray, William F.; Yost, Jeffrey R.; Tinn, Honghong; Díaz, Gerardo Con (2023).
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1385:, which was the first molecule movie to tell a story. In 2016, IBM acquired video conferencing service
1367:
In 2015, IBM announced three major acquisitions: Merge Healthcare for $ 1 billion, data storage vendor
1157:
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2177:
In May 2022, IBM announced the company had signed a multi-year Strategic Collaboration Agreement with
1914:(Ontario, Canada) and the Watson IoT Headquarters (Munich, Germany). Defunct IBM campuses include the
1175:
In 1993, IBM posted an $ 8 billion loss – at the time the biggest in American corporate history.
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8611:
6097:"IBM names former financial chief Martin Schroeter as head of new IT infrastructure services company"
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1926:(Paris, France). The company's contributions to industrial architecture and design include works by
771:
As one of the world's oldest and largest technology companies, IBM has been responsible for several
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1747:, a community 37 miles (60 km) north of Midtown Manhattan. A nickname for the company is the "
1226:. Immediately afterwards, the IBM PC Co. was dissolved and merged into IBM Personal Systems Group.
1132:, originally designated IBM 5150, was introduced in 1981, and it soon became an industry standard.
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6603:
6404:"IBM shows growth after 22 straight quarters of declining revenues, but has it turned the corner?"
5919:
5836:"Cisco Systems joins Microsoft, IBM in Vatican pledge to ensure ethical use and development of AI"
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5947:"IBM shares rise on plans to spin off its IT infrastructure unit and focus on the cloud business"
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is encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors, and in 2014, the company revealed
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5806:"IBM Closes Landmark Acquisition of Red Hat for $ 34 Billion; Defines Open, Hybrid Cloud Future"
5407:
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4327:"The history of the UPC bar code and how the bar code symbol and system became a world standard"
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introduced the hard disk drive in 1956. The company switched to transistorized designs with the
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Bakis, Henry (1987). "Telecommunications and the Global Firm". In F. E. Ian Hamilton (ed.).
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team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games, competing in the Japanese
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7674:"IBM's expenditure on research and development from 2005 to 2015 (in billion U.S. dollars)"
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as a corporate typeface for 50 years, until it was replaced in 2017 by the custom-designed
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in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, China lab in Beijing and Shanghai, Ireland lab in Dublin,
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IBM's real estate holdings are varied and globally diverse. Towers occupied by IBM include
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7701:"Ginni Rometty just set a big goal for IBM: spending $ 4 billion to bring in $ 40 billion"
6342:
Tanna, Shivani; Farr, Emma-Victoria (December 18, 2023). Aich, Rashmi; Osmond, Ed (eds.).
4997:"Inside the Video Surveillance Program IBM Built for Philippine Strongman Rodrigo Duterte"
3991:"Tabulating Concerns Unite: Flint & Co. Bring Four Together with $ 19,000,000 capital"
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6035:"IBM Spinning Off Infrastructure Managed Services Group To Focus On Cloud Is A Good Move"
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PaaS enables developers to quickly create complex websites on a pay-as-you-go model. IBM
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5308:"VMware and SugarCRM expand partnerships with IBM, make services available on IBM Cloud"
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6630:"International Business Machines Corporation Common Stock (IBM) Institutional Holdings"
6251:"GlobalFoundries sues IBM, says trade secrets were unlawfully given to Japan's Rapidus"
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to turn the company around. In 2002 IBM acquired PwC Consulting, the consulting arm of
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Beginning in the 1990s, the company began downsizing its operations and divesting from
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234:
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7146:"IBM launches flash arrays for smaller enterprises, aims to court EMC, Dell customers"
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Forgey, Benjamin (March 24, 1990). "In the IBM Honoring the Corporation's Buildings".
4326:
4291:"Monopolization: Corporate Strategy, the IBM Cases, and the Transformation of the Law"
1282:
and Texas Memory Systems, and a year later it also acquired SoftLayer Technologies, a
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and the IBM Power Personal Systems Group, the former an attempt to design and market "
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7423:"NYPD changes the crime control equation by transforming the way it uses information"
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4454:"IBM Plans Division For Its PC Business; One Executive Expected to Be Put in Control"
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A View from Beneath the Dancing Elephant: Rediscovering IBM's Corporate Constitution
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1898:(Toronto, Canada), the IBM Building, Johannesburg (Johannesburg, South Africa), the
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6798:"On the Dedication of the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning – THINK Blog"
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From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog: A History of the Software Industry
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2734:, with over 297,900 employees worldwide in 2022, with about 160,000 of those being
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and the Weather Channel mobile app. Also that year, IBM employees created the film
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592:
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Strategic Marketing Communications: New Ways to Build and Integrate Communications
2604:
partly due to its blue logo and color scheme, and also in reference to its former
2263:
In March 2020, it was announced that IBM will build the first quantum computer in
1268:. In 2011, IBM gained worldwide attention for its artificial intelligence program
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1984:
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rifles used in World War II, about 346,500 of them, between August 1943 and May.
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339:
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For additional books about IBM, biographies, memoirs, technology and more, see
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in Manhattan. Outside of New York, major campuses in the United States include
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3743:"IBM unveils new quantum computing chip to 'explore new frontiers of science'"
2649:. IBM is also a major sponsor in professional tennis, with engagements at the
2373:
2230:
1463:, which led GlobalFoundries to file a lawsuit against IBM the following year.
1009:
not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957, the
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8716:
8632:
8128:
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6344:"IBM to buy Software AG's enterprise integration platforms for $ 2.3 billion"
6296:"IBM suspends ads on X after corporate ads appeared next to pro-Nazi content"
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3117:
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680:
450:
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422:
313:
119:
10407:
8624:
7730:
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server division to Lenovo for $ 2.1 billion. while continuing to offer
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2657:, the Australian Open, and the French Open. The company also sponsored the
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2396:
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2271:, was still in construction as of 2023, with cloud access planned in 2024.
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2077:
1852:
1735:
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1207:
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1164:" computers of IBM's own architecture and the latter responsible for IBM's
1002:
890:
828:
765:
8454:"Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker: A 2016 Contender But Not A College Graduate"
8243:
7232:"Data Center Knowledge – SoftLayer: $ 78 Million in First Quarter Revenue"
4164:
4026:
3691:"Stupid Patent of the Month: IBM's Software Patent on Texting and Driving"
1437:
In 2021, IBM announced the acquisition of the enterprise software company
1013:
scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, IBM developed the
11660:
11395:
10935:
10344:
10205:
10175:
9998:
9886:
9610:
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9376:
8941:
7569:
6270:"IBM Extends Watson.x Governance & Compliance with Manta Acquisition"
4361:
3803:"IBM Realigns Its Storage Business To Match Data-Driven Enterprise Needs"
3105:
3035:
2927:
2569:
2529:
2496:
2299:
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1947:
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The key trends of IBM are (as at the financial year ending December 31):
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1459:
In late 2022, IBM started a collaboration with new Japanese manufacturer
1376:
1314:
1234:
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1169:
824:
784:
490:
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397:
9168:
The Limits of Strategy: Lessons in Leadership from the Computer Industry
9040:
The Interface: IBM and the Transformation of Corporate Design, 1945–1976
7565:"IBM Makes Granite AI Models Open-Source Under New InstructLab Platform"
6294:
Malik, Yuvraj; Gaffen, David (November 17, 2023). Shumaker, Lisa (ed.).
5227:"IBM, Under Armour Team Up To Bring Cognitive Computing To Fitness Apps"
4579:
Lefever, Guy; Pesanello, Michele; Fraser, Heather; Taurman, Lee (2011).
4422:. Associated Press. September 6, 1992. p. D14 – via ProQuest.
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9411:
7363:"IBM's Watson Now A Customer Service Agent, Coming To Smartphones Soon"
7009:"IBM delivers Power-based chip for Microsoft Xbox 360 worldwide launch"
6682:"Warren Buffett says Berkshire Hathaway has sold completely out of IBM"
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2758:
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2608:
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In January 2019, IBM introduced its first commercial quantum computer:
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347:
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149:
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86:
9255:
8156:"In an I.B.M. Village, Pollution Fears Taint Relations With Neighbors"
6164:"IBM sells Watson Health assets to investment firm Francisco Partners"
4377:"'Break Up IBM,' Cry Some Investors Who See Value in Those Baby Blues"
2580:
generated by a business for 29 consecutive years for the achievement.
132:
11888:
11878:
11853:
11735:
11697:
11430:
11405:
11385:
11320:
11159:
10992:
10731:
10716:
10671:
10603:
10568:
10533:
9685:
9678:
9494:
9416:
9406:
9127:
7896:
The Essential Guide to Computing: The Story of Information Technology
7647:
6707:
5169:"Tencent teams up with IBM to offer business software over the cloud"
5027:"Lenovo says $ 2.1 billion IBM x86 server deal to close on Wednesday"
4275:
3593:. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. (published January 1, 2003). p. 833.
3254:"Certificate of Incorporation of Computing-Tabulating-Recording-Co",
3101:
3001:
2969:
2931:
2774:
2723:
2619:
2615:
2509:
2420:
2203:
2155:
2131:
2073:
1996:
1972:
1868:
1864:
1824:
1808:
1804:
1441:
for $ 1.5 billion. In January 2022, IBM announced it would sell
1416:
1334:
1322:
1298:
1274:
1257:
1253:
1241:
was originally part of the joint venture and was sold by LG in 2012.
1064:
On April 7, 1964, IBM launched the first computer system family, the
957:
658:
309:
70:
61:
8174:
6133:"IBM to Acquire Software Provider Turbonomic for Over $ 1.5 Billion"
5115:"Landmark IBM Twitter partnership to help businesses make decisions"
1128:
to the public in 1981, when they entered into a swap agreement. The
1095:
In 1969, the United States of America alleged that IBM violated the
686:
generated by a business for 29 consecutive years from 1993 to 2021.
11950:
11863:
11798:
11687:
11590:
11490:
11370:
11365:
11119:
11080:
10950:
10777:
10301:
10049:
9993:
9758:
9743:
9726:
9571:
9499:
9469:
8990:
IBM Redux: Lou Gerstner & The Business Turnaround of the Decade
7745:
6649:"Warren Buffett never liked tech stocks. So why does he own Apple?"
6067:"IBM names Martin Schroeter as CEO of $ 19B NewCo services spinoff"
5975:"IBM to Spin Off Services Unit to Accelerate Cloud-Computing Pivot"
5281:"Microsoft just made a deal with IBM – and Apple should be nervous"
4913:"Lenovo Completes Acquisition Of IBM's Personal Computing Division"
4526:. Associated Press. July 28, 1993. p. B6 – via ProQuest.
3315:
2878:
2866:
2762:
2645:
became the third female member of the Master's governing body, the
2623:
2521:
2264:
2257:
2224:
2220:
2061:
2053:
1988:
1939:
1844:
1420:
748:
355:
331:
299:
11962:
10450:
8751:"IBM stands for "I'm by myself' for teleworkers of the blue giant"
7487:
2710:
New IBM employees being welcomed to a bootcamp at IBM Austin, 2015
2052:, which were designed into many console gaming systems, including
1946:. Van der Rohe's building in Chicago was recognized with the 1990
11450:
11380:
11375:
11360:
11330:
11325:
11184:
11007:
10957:
10822:
10701:
10691:
10650:
Major personal computer, server, and mainframe hardware companies
10608:
10598:
10311:
9753:
9748:
9690:
9521:
9449:
9104:
Broken Promises: An Unconventional View of What Went Wrong at IBM
8561:
7983:"IBM CEO Ginni Rometty is Augusta National's third female member"
7749:
6106:
3827:
3227:
2830:
2802:
2790:
2588:
2577:
2573:
2432:
2151:
1832:
1816:
1460:
1431:
1401:
1390:
1386:
1306:
1165:
1144:, dedicated to small printers; and more. Lexmark was acquired by
1141:
1010:
1006:
993:
In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of
975:
953:
941:
902:
894:
440:
7531:"IBM exits facial recognition business, calls for police reform"
4435:"The Executive Computer; Can I.B.M. Learn From a Unit It Freed?"
1194:
11868:
11833:
11750:
11745:
11712:
11682:
11665:
11655:
11512:
11149:
11134:
10997:
10987:
10962:
10797:
10792:
10706:
10696:
10488:
9738:
9711:
9668:
9646:
9566:
7615:"The A.I. Boom Has an Unlikely Early Winner: Wonky Consultants"
6320:"Advertisers Push Back at Social Media Firms over Antisemitism"
5889:"IBM to break up 109-year old company to focus on cloud growth"
5434:"GlobalFoundries completes IBM chip acquisition | bit-tech.net"
4839:
3777:"The Evolution Of AI: From IBM And AWS To OpenAI and Anthropic"
2870:
2822:
2782:
2638:
2439:
1836:
1326:
1279:
1249:
1219:
1137:
1129:
1081:
760:
740:
683:
5920:"IBM spins off a quarter of the company to focus on the cloud"
2197:
and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of
11818:
11717:
11644:
11610:
11537:
11467:
11435:
11285:
11251:
11154:
10930:
10772:
10543:
10503:
10478:
9359:
8609:
Steele, Guy L. (2011). "An interview with Frances E. Allen".
6766:"IBM's New Headquarters Reflects A Change in Corporate Style"
6168:
5745:"IBM to Acquire Linux Distributor Red Hat for $ 33.4 Billion"
5742:
Hammond, Ed; Porter, Kiel; Barinka, Alex (October 28, 2018).
5381:"Sesame Workshop, IBM partner to use Watson for preschoolers"
5084:"Apple Teams Up With IBM For Huge, Expansive Enterprise Push"
4586:. IBM Institute for Business Value. p. 2. Archived from
4578:
2454:
2065:
2033:
1856:
1848:
1828:
1820:
1310:
739:, most notably selling its personal computer division to the
570:
12074:
Information technology consulting firms of the United States
11090:
Companies with annual software revenue of over US$ 3 billion
4772:"IBM, LG Electronics Call Halt To PC Joint Venture in Korea"
4073:
1404:
for $ 34 billion, which was completed on July 9, 2019.
11776:
11445:
11295:
11027:
10756:
10686:
10681:
9583:
9526:
9068:
IBM: How the World's Most Successful Corporation is Managed
7284:"IBM steps up its cloud partnership strategy with AWS deal"
4477:"With New Approach and Executive Team, IBM Seeks a Rebirth"
3008:
2749:
award, offered since 1963 based on technical achievement.
2517:
2237:(2019), the first circuit-based commercial quantum computer
2100:
2080:
1840:
1807:
is the Indian subsidiary of IBM, which is headquartered at
1223:
1203:
1089:
937:
412:
407:
137:
55:
12079:
Multinational companies headquartered in the United States
8560:. National Association of Sports Officials. Archived from
8214:"IBM Commits To Net Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions By 2030"
7868:
Logos, Letterheads & Business Cards: Design for Profit
7063:"IBM's 45nm SOI microprocessors at core of Nintendo Wii U"
5358:"Macy's Taps IBM, Satisfi for In-Store Shopping Companion"
4562:"IBM Power Personal Systems group to be folded into PC Co"
11873:
11575:
11179:
10726:
8526:"POP/JAZZ; A Band That Built a Career From the Ground Up"
7457:"IBM to build Europe's first quantum computer in Germany"
7036:"IBM microprocessors drive the new Nintendo WiiU console"
6219:"IBM finally shutters Russian operations, lays off staff"
4690:
Zimmerman, Michael R.; Lisa Dicarlo (December 14, 1998).
3063:
2553:
1294:
1184:
1085:
800:
387:
7338:. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Archived from
6316:
5489:"IBM Agrees to Acquire Weather Channel's Digital Assets"
5459:"IBM Buys Merge Healthcare to Boost Watson Health Cloud"
5408:"IBM, Salesforce Strike Global Partnership on Cloud, AI"
3389:"IBM100 - The Making of International Business Machines"
2894:
United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2665:
from 2003 to 2012. In Japan, IBM employees also have an
1789:(Atlanta, Georgia, US). In Beijing, China, IBM occupies
1112:
ran exclusively on IBM computers. In 1974, IBM engineer
11485:
10909:
10463:
9220:
8072:"IBM Ends Its NFL Sponsorship Over Difference in Views"
6488:"IBM and the financial engineering economy: James Saft"
3197:
Tech companies in the New York City metropolitan region
2752:
2465:
developers. IBM has also released code under different
2201:. Watson was debuted in 2011 on the American game show
1768:
Research Triangle Park (Raleigh-Durham), North Carolina
1494:
largest overall company by revenue in the United States
1088:, and the middleware built on top of those such as the
637:
10921:
Companies with an annual revenue of over US$ 3 billion
10657:
Companies with an annual revenue of over US$ 3 billion
9263:
9079:
The Global IBM: Leadership in Multinational Management
8930:
The Silverlake Project: Transformation at IBM (AS/400)
8769:
8431:. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. pp. 14–17.
4863:"South Korea slams IBM with server slush fund charges"
4539:"I.B.M. and Dell Stake Out the Little Picture in PC's"
3565:"IBM | Founding, History, & Products | Britannica"
3419:"Trust and responsibility. Earned and practiced daily"
1793:, the city's seventh tallest building and overlooking
1233:
and IBM announced that their business alliance in the
12114:
International information technology consulting firms
11915:
8480:"Official Manual of the State of Missouri, 1993–1994"
8231:
across the more than 175 countries where it operates.
7550:"IBM rolls out new generative AI features and models"
7488:"IBM to build its first European quantum data center"
5200:"Cisco and IBM's New Partnership Is a Lot About Talk"
4689:
4355:
4171:
2298:
models based on confidential data. A year later, IBM
8647:
5741:
4146:
Wherever Men Trade: The Romance of the Cash Register
4055:
The Lengthening Shadow: The Life of Thomas J. Watson
4051:
Belden, Thomas Graham; Belden, Marva Robins (1962).
2499:
involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see
1452:
On March 7, 2022, a few days after the start of the
8816:"The Union Avoidance Industry in the United States"
5335:"IBM, CSC Expand Their Cloud Deal to the Mainframe"
5142:"IBM Announces Marketing Partnership With Facebook"
4759:(40). Plesman Publications: 6 – via ProQuest.
4506:. Dow Jones & Company: A3 – via ProQuest.
4383:. Dow Jones & Company: C1 – via ProQuest.
3260:, United States Government Printing Office, 1935 ,
2290:models with option to use other publicly available
1739:
Pangu Plaza, one of IBM's offices in Beijing, China
9189:
9149:Don't Talk – Do It! From Flying To Word Processing
9076:
8966:
8287:
8129:"Village of Endicott Environmental Investigations"
7893:
7455:
6318:
6033:
5973:
5743:
5700:
5699:Greene, Jay; McMillan, Robert (October 28, 2018).
4517:
4413:
4052:
3192:List of largest manufacturing companies by revenue
3112:, of the Zurich Research Center, in 1986, for the
3100:Five IBM employees have received the Nobel Prize:
2564:. Additionally, in 1990 company scientists used a
2146:(PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid
2115:, which provides weather forecasting and includes
12029:Companies in the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats
8584:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 – Press Release"
8094:
5550:"IBM acquires Ustream, launches cloud video unit"
4667:
4644:"IBM to acquire PwC Consulting for $ 3.5 billion"
4641:
3286:"IBM Is Blowing Up Its Annual Performance Review"
3280:
3278:
3249:
3247:
2294:. Watsonx has multiple services for training and
2219:to assist with considering treatment options for
1715:In 2011, IBM became the first technology company
1470:In December 2023, IBM announced it would acquire
11975:
9517:Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History
8472:
7119:"New research initiative sees IBM commit $ 3 bn"
6726:
5481:
4568:(648). CMP Publications: 7 – via ProQuest.
4415:"Facts, Figures on IBM's 13 Decentralized Firms"
3316:"IBM – Arvind Krishna – Chief Executive Officer"
963:IBM as a military contractor produced 6% of the
12034:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
12014:Companies based in Westchester County, New York
9192:Father, Son & Co: My Life at IBM and Beyond
7825:Postphenomenology: A Critical Companion to Ihde
6850:"Company Overview of IBM China Company Limited"
6732:
5972:Fitch, Asa; Sebastian, Dave (October 8, 2020).
5702:"IBM to Acquire Red Hat for About $ 33 Billion"
4715:"The Strategy For I.B.M.: Loss-Leader PC Sales"
1894:(Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), the
37:"Big Blue" redirects here. For other uses, see
7585:"The 10 largest consulting firms in the world"
6194:
5971:
5698:
5670:"IBM Buys Digital Part of The Weather Company"
5577:"IBM Acquires Ustream: Behind the Acquisition"
5029:(Press release). Reuters. September 29, 2014.
4970:"IBM to buy website hosting service SoftLayer"
4670:"IBM grabs consulting giant for $ 3.5 billion"
4266:
4076:Computer: A History of the Information Machine
3275:
3244:
1478:platforms for €2.13 billion ($ 2.33 billion).
1198:IBM inventions (clockwise from top-left): the
12019:Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average
11237:
11064:
10895:
10635:
10436:
10412:
9279:
8393:"Fair Isaac CEO: FICO criticism isn't 'fair'"
6000:
3852:
3511:. IFI CLAIMS Patent Services. January 5, 2022
1352:In 2015, its chip division transitioned to a
27:American multinational technology corporation
12099:Software companies based in New York (state)
11078:
9101:
8700:. IBM Corp. January 23, 2003. Archived from
8236:
7817:
7815:
7033:
6518:"Boring IBM Just Got a Lot More Interesting"
4500:"IBM to Unveil New Structure of PC Business"
4396:"Big Blue still breaking up its bureaucracy"
4050:
12024:Companies in the Dow Jones Global Titans 50
10765:
9143:
9102:Mills, D. Quinn; Friesen, G. Bruce (1996).
8686:
8317:
7865:Morgan, Conway Lloyd; Foges, Chris (2004).
7864:
7393:"IBM Unveils Q System One Quantum Computer"
6548:"IBM Fundamentalanalyse | KGV | Kennzahlen"
6293:
5944:
5639:"Groupon sues 'once-great' IBM over patent"
5254:"IBM, Box Cloud Partnership: What It Means"
5081:
4943:"IBM Plans to Acquire Texas Memory Systems"
4189:"Made in the USA: American tech inventions"
3124:, also of Zurich, in 1987, for research in
2369:, is one of 12 IBM research labs worldwide.
1977:National Medal of Technology and Innovation
1730:
1262:National Medal of Technology and Innovation
1252:and, in 2009, it acquired software company
1072:in 1970. Together the 360 and 370 made the
807:. The company has made inroads in advanced
655:International Business Machines Corporation
49:International Business Machines Corporation
12069:Electronics companies of the United States
11244:
11230:
11071:
11057:
10902:
10888:
10642:
10628:
10443:
10429:
9286:
9272:
9225:
9165:
6923:"IBM Investing $ 3B in Internet of Things"
6826:. Dolce Hotels and Resorts. Archived from
6764:Zuckerman, Laurence (September 17, 1997).
5511:
5166:
4835:"IBM, LG Electronics to End Joint Venture"
4749:"Big Blue to combine PC division with PSG"
4246:(in German). James Lorimer & Company.
2185:
1902:(Seattle, Washington, United States), the
1423:to ensure the ethical use and practice of
1246:sold all of its personal computer business
944:electronic data processing machine in 1957
69:
11253:Electronics industry in the United States
8390:
8373:
7812:
7746:"IBM invests in Brazil Linux Tech Center"
7111:
6763:
6679:
6398:
6341:
6064:
5886:
5113:Nordqvist, Christian (November 2, 2014).
5112:
4702:(50). Ziff-Davis: 1 – via ProQuest.
4142:
3665:"IBM Is the World's Biggest Patent Troll"
3472:
3470:
2248:IBM also provides infrastructure for the
1669:
11994:Technology companies established in 1911
9018:
8996:
8913:. London: Croom Helm. pp. 130–160.
8576:
8041:"IBM, Olympics Part Ways After 40 Years"
7900:. Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR. p.
7821:
7727:"IBM launches biggest Linux lineup ever"
7121:. San Francisco News.Net. Archived from
6455:Sorkin, Andrew Ross (October 20, 2014).
6031:
6001:Bendor-Samuel, Peter (October 9, 2020).
5945:Bursztynsky, Jessica (October 8, 2020).
5251:
5224:
4769:
4519:"IBM reports record loss of $ 8 billion"
4375:Miller, Michael W. (November 10, 1992).
4288:
4108:
4106:
4104:
2713:
2705:
2587:
2449:IBM has been a leading proponent of the
2403:in New York, and facilities include the
2372:
2356:
2229:
1967:
1890:(Chicago, Illinois, United States), the
1795:Beijing National Stadium ("Bird's Nest")
1734:
1396:In 2015, IBM bought the digital part of
1293:In 2014 IBM announced it would sell its
1193:
1052:
1031:
972:Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
932:
12109:Software companies of the United States
12084:National Medal of Technology recipients
12039:Computer companies of the United States
11989:1911 establishments in New York (state)
9037:
8964:
8911:Industrial change in advanced economies
8823:British Journal of Industrial Relations
8391:La Monica, Paul R. (February 8, 2008).
8153:
7931:. IBM. January 23, 2003. Archived from
7891:
7796:. IBM. January 23, 2003. Archived from
7778:. IBM. November 1, 2001. Archived from
7547:
7042:from the original on September 26, 2020
6197:"Update on Our Actions: War in Ukraine"
5917:
5828:
5667:
5636:
5469:from the original on September 25, 2020
5305:
4976:from the original on September 24, 2015
4805:
4746:
4712:
4623:from the original on September 20, 2020
4581:"Life science: Fade or flourish ?"
4474:
4451:
4393:
4241:
4120:. IBM. January 23, 2003. Archived from
3983:
3897:"Dey dial recorder, early 20th century"
3740:
3714:
3375:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
3132:, including the first female recipient
2583:
1260:supercomputing program was awarded the
1057:IBM guidance computer hardware for the
743:in 2005. IBM has since concentrated on
14:
11999:American companies established in 1911
11976:
9184:
9134:
9074:
9065:
9056:
8874:. EndicottAlliance.org. Archived from
8608:
8451:
8428:Women in World History, Vol. 7: Harr-I
8421:
8379:
8361:from the original on December 25, 2021
8275:from the original on February 13, 2019
8051:from the original on November 13, 2020
7776:"Interview: The Eclipse code donation"
7680:from the original on November 11, 2020
7654:from the original on December 16, 2020
7612:
7608:
7606:
7468:from the original on November 19, 2020
7453:
7403:from the original on December 24, 2020
7373:from the original on November 12, 2020
7264:from the original on December 29, 2017
7212:from the original on December 14, 2020
7143:
7015:from the original on December 17, 2006
6963:from the original on December 19, 2020
6904:
6898:
6714:from the original on December 30, 2020
6454:
6436:from the original on December 31, 2020
6331:from the original on January 17, 2024.
6306:from the original on December 6, 2023.
6211:
6162:Condon, Stephanie (January 21, 2022).
6161:
6013:from the original on November 29, 2020
5953:from the original on November 11, 2020
5926:from the original on November 26, 2020
5816:from the original on December 16, 2020
5756:from the original on September 2, 2020
5680:from the original on December 30, 2020
5574:
5530:from the original on December 14, 2020
5414:from the original on November 11, 2020
5278:
5260:from the original on November 21, 2020
5252:Franklin, Curtis Jr. (June 26, 2015).
5121:from the original on November 12, 2020
5094:from the original on December 15, 2020
5082:Etherington, Darrell (July 15, 2014).
5033:from the original on November 17, 2015
4994:
4692:"Not Your Father's PC Company Anymore"
4498:Hooper, Lawrence (September 3, 1992).
4497:
4374:
4149:. New York (NY): Dodd, Mead & Co.
4078:. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
4007:from the original on February 25, 2021
3688:
3476:
3467:
2217:Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
2207:, where it competed against champions
2023:
883:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
759:. Since 2000, its supercomputers have
691:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
230:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
208:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
101:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
11225:
11052:
10883:
10623:
10424:
10411:
9652:Center for The Business of Government
9267:
8940:
8927:
8908:
8901:History of IBM § Further reading
8813:
8757:from the original on February 2, 2017
8653:
8550:
8538:from the original on October 10, 2013
8506:from the original on January 24, 2012
8460:from the original on December 9, 2020
8452:Miller, Zeke J. (November 19, 2013).
8403:from the original on October 22, 2020
8135:from the original on October 25, 2020
8069:
8020:from the original on October 25, 2020
7743:
7316:from the original on October 30, 2016
7238:from the original on October 25, 2020
7199:
7176:"IBM to pay US$ 1.2 billion for SPSS"
7156:from the original on October 21, 2020
7099:from the original on October 15, 2018
7060:
6886:from the original on October 12, 2020
6735:"Dominance Ended, I.B.M. Fights Back"
6680:Belvedere, Matthew J. (May 4, 2018).
6661:from the original on November 8, 2020
6646:
6176:from the original on January 21, 2022
6077:from the original on January 11, 2021
6046:from the original on November 9, 2020
6032:Moorhead, Patrick (October 9, 2020).
5899:from the original on October 15, 2020
5887:Vengattil, Munsif (October 9, 2020).
5786:from the original on October 28, 2018
5723:from the original on November 9, 2020
5649:from the original on November 8, 2020
5618:from the original on October 31, 2020
5587:from the original on January 22, 2016
5556:from the original on October 15, 2020
5517:
5499:from the original on October 13, 2020
5387:from the original on October 15, 2020
5233:from the original on November 8, 2020
5206:from the original on October 27, 2020
5179:from the original on October 23, 2020
5148:from the original on November 8, 2020
4613:"IBM Archives: Louis V. Gerstner, Jr"
4559:
4433:Lewis, Peter H. (December 22, 1991).
4432:
4337:from the original on November 9, 2020
4307:from the original on January 14, 2022
4214:
4114:"Chronological History of IBM, 1910s"
4101:
3907:from the original on October 23, 2020
3853:Aswad, Ed; Meredith, Suzanne (2005).
3588:
3559:
3557:
3542:from the original on January 27, 2023
3489:from the original on January 30, 2021
3477:Bajpai, Prableen (January 29, 2021).
3455:from the original on December 5, 2019
3296:from the original on October 29, 2020
3144:have been awarded to IBM employees.
2696:
2594:John F. Kennedy International Airport
2512:and developments by IBM include: the
2489:relational database management system
2286:toolkit that is powered by IBM's own
1021:and introduced the highly successful
1005:, New York, laboratory programmed an
10340:
9121:
8987:
8795:from the original on January 9, 2021
8731:from the original on January 6, 2021
8674:from the original on January 9, 2021
8586:. Nobel Media AB. October 15, 1986.
8518:
8425:(2000). "Harris, Patricia Roberts".
8331:from the original on January 3, 2018
8109:from the original on January 9, 2021
8082:from the original on August 28, 2020
7989:from the original on January 9, 2021
7956:"IBM and Masters Celebrate 20 Years"
7846:from the original on January 9, 2021
7756:from the original on January 8, 2021
7729:. IBM. March 2, 1999. Archived from
7562:
7435:from the original on January 8, 2021
7428:. Road Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation.
7202:"IBM to Acquire the Weather Company"
6804:from the original on August 31, 2020
6745:from the original on August 27, 2020
6485:
6267:
6065:Deutscher, Maria (January 7, 2021).
5982:from the original on January 6, 2021
5868:from the original on January 7, 2021
5864:. IBM Corporation. October 8, 2020.
5605:
5520:"IBM to Acquire the Weather Company"
5355:
5332:
5314:from the original on August 23, 2020
5225:Terdiman, Daniel (January 6, 2016).
5167:Kyung-Hoon, Kim (November 3, 2014).
5007:from the original on January 4, 2021
4967:
4770:Won Choi, Hae (September 15, 2004).
4560:Burke, Steven (September 11, 1995).
4536:
4289:Sullivan, Lawrence A. (April 1982).
4186:
3967:. Florida Time Clock. Archived from
3877:from the original on January 8, 2021
3800:
3741:Helmore, Edward (December 4, 2023).
3615:"Origin of the IBM PC | Low End Mac"
3443:
3147:
2753:Notable current and former employees
2407:in California, Austin lab in Texas,
2313:
2302:Granite code models and put them on
2267:. The center, to be operated by the
1878:Other notable buildings include the
1481:
1360:design, offloading manufacturing to
200:International Time Recording Company
9137:Saving Big Blue: IBM's Lou Gerstner
8928:Bauer, Roy A.; et al. (1992).
8722:
8590:from the original on August 2, 2018
8162:from the original on August 8, 2020
8038:
7980:
7962:from the original on August 8, 2020
7953:
7707:from the original on August 9, 2020
7603:
7548:Wiggers, Kyle (September 7, 2023).
7200:Hardy, Quentin (October 28, 2015).
6933:from the original on August 9, 2020
6733:Salmans, Sandra (January 9, 1982).
6528:from the original on April 29, 2021
6498:from the original on April 29, 2021
6467:from the original on April 10, 2021
5918:Goodwin, Jazmin (October 8, 2020).
5668:Goldman, David (October 28, 2015).
5518:Hardy, Quentin (October 28, 2015).
5287:from the original on August 9, 2020
4668:Stephen Shankland (July 31, 2002).
4642:Linda Rosencrance (July 30, 2002).
4475:Burgess, John (November 26, 1992).
4452:Burgess, John (September 3, 1992).
4394:Ziegler, Bart (September 6, 1992).
3941:from the original on April 20, 2011
3529:
3437:
3264:from the original on August 3, 2020
3209:using IBM superconducting computers
3138:National Medals of Technology (USA)
3007:Other former IBM employees include
2518:dynamic random access memory (DRAM)
2193:is a technology platform that uses
2036:series. The most recent model, the
24:
8894:
8725:"IBM stands for 'I've Been Moved'"
8007:
7830:State University of New York Press
6989:from the original on June 13, 2017
6860:from the original on June 26, 2020
6778:from the original on March 5, 2016
6113:from the original on June 14, 2021
5575:McLain, Tilly (January 21, 2016).
5197:
5139:
5063:from the original on March 4, 2016
4747:Greiner, Lynn (October 22, 1999).
4713:Hansell, Saul (October 25, 1999).
4356:Ross; Westerfield; Jordan (2010).
3856:Images of America: IBM in Endicott
3774:
3554:
3363:
3326:from the original on March 8, 2022
3187:List of largest Internet companies
3161:
2741:IBM's leadership programs include
2419:in Israel, India lab in Delhi and
2256:to perform data visualizations of
2043:
1811:, Karnataka. It has facilities in
1486:
701:. During the 1960s and 1970s, the
196:Computing Scale Company of America
60:Logo used since 1972, designed by
25:
12125:
9321:PC business acquisition by Lenovo
9212:
9124:Building IBM: Shaping an Industry
9042:. University of Minnesota Press.
8325:"Executive Biographies – Lisa Su"
8271:. 01.ibm.com. September 7, 2007.
8154:Chittum, Samme (March 15, 2004).
8010:"Why IBM dominates the U.S. Open"
7360:
7144:Dignan, Larry (August 23, 2016).
6610:from the original on July 8, 2020
6380:from the original on May 15, 2024
5637:Stempel, Jonathan (May 9, 2016).
5405:
5378:
5306:Forrest, Conner (June 14, 2016).
4995:Joseph, George (March 20, 2019).
4857:
4808:"LG, IBM to split by end of year"
4806:Sung-ha, Park (August 30, 2004).
4358:Fundamentals of Corporate Finance
4278:. pp. 140–143, 175–176, 237.
4059:. Little, Brown and Co. pp.
3927:"Hollerith 1890 Census Tabulator"
3509:"2021 Top 50 US Patent Assignees"
3128:. Six IBM employees have won the
2745:, an internship program, and the
2126:
724:, which soon became known as the
11961:
11949:
11937:
11925:
10859:Home computer hardware companies
10350:
10349:
10339:
10330:
10329:
10019:Sabre airline reservation system
9865:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
8864:
8835:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2006.00518.x
8807:
8781:. IBM Press. November 11, 2008.
8743:
8602:
8486:
8445:
8415:
8384:
8343:
8261:
8206:
8182:"IBM's ESG Datasheet for 2020Q4"
8147:
8121:
8100:
8063:
8032:
8001:
7974:
7947:
7921:
7885:
7858:
7786:
7768:
7737:
7719:
7698:
7692:
7666:
7640:
7577:
7556:
7541:
7523:
7505:
7480:
7447:
7415:
7385:
7354:
7328:
7302:
7276:
7258:"Cloud computing news: Security"
7250:
7224:
7193:
7168:
7137:
7085:
7054:
7027:
7001:
6975:
6945:
6915:
6872:
6842:
6816:
6790:
6757:
6700:
6688:from the original on May 4, 2018
6673:
6640:
6622:
6596:
6566:
6540:
6510:
6486:Saft, James (October 21, 2014).
6479:
6457:"The Truth About IBM's Buybacks"
6448:
6418:
6392:
6370:"IBM Market Cap 2010–2023 | IBM"
6362:
6335:
6310:
6287:
6261:
6243:
6225:
6195:Arvind Krishna (March 7, 2022).
6188:
6155:
6143:from the original on May 1, 2021
6125:
6089:
6058:
6025:
5994:
5965:
5938:
5911:
3689:Mullin, Joe (January 31, 2019).
3220:
3142:National Medals of Science (USA)
2913:U.S. Secretary of Transportation
2726:exhibition match on campus, 2011
2680:
2550:SABRE airline reservation system
2401:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
2363:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
2317:
1496:. IBM ranked No. 38 on the 2020
599:
598:
578:
577:
557:
556:
537:
536:
514:
513:
54:
10854:Computer hardware manufacturers
9532:Information Management Software
9002:Who Says Elephants can't Dance?
8558:"Board of Directors — Officers"
8188:. June 30, 2021. Archived from
7613:Mickle, Tripp (June 26, 2024).
6003:"IBM Splits Into Two Companies"
5880:
5854:
5798:
5768:
5735:
5692:
5661:
5630:
5608:"Big Blue isn't so big anymore"
5599:
5568:
5552:. USA Today. January 21, 2016.
5542:
5451:
5426:
5399:
5372:
5349:
5326:
5299:
5272:
5245:
5218:
5191:
5160:
5133:
5106:
5075:
5045:
5019:
4988:
4968:Saba, Jennifer (June 5, 2013).
4961:
4935:
4905:
4880:
4851:
4827:
4799:
4763:
4740:
4706:
4683:
4661:
4635:
4605:
4572:
4553:
4530:
4510:
4491:
4468:
4445:
4426:
4406:
4387:
4368:
4349:
4319:
4282:
4260:
4235:
4208:
4199:
4180:
4136:
4092:
4067:
4044:
4019:
3953:
3919:
3889:
3846:
3820:
3794:
3768:
3734:
3708:
3682:
3657:
3632:
3607:
3582:
3523:
3501:
3395:. March 7, 2012. Archived from
2869:chairman Brian McBride, former
2250:New York City Police Department
1912:IBM Canada Head Office Building
838:and one of 30 companies in the
689:IBM was founded in 1911 as the
646:Footnotes / references
403:Information Management Software
12104:Storage Area Network companies
10285:International chess tournament
10065:Globally integrated enterprise
10055:Commercial Processing Workload
8969:Big Blues: The Unmaking of IBM
7744:Hamid, Farrah (May 24, 2006).
7563:Nine, Adrianna (May 7, 2024).
7454:Miller, Joe (March 13, 2020).
5356:Taft, Darryl (July 22, 2016).
5333:Taft, Darryl (July 25, 2016).
4537:Lohr, Steve (August 2, 1993).
3695:Electronic Frontier Foundation
3530:Gil, Darío (January 6, 2023).
3411:
3381:
3338:
3308:
3202:Top 100 US Federal Contractors
2514:automated teller machine (ATM)
2438:In terms of investment, IBM's
2103:, a software package used for
1371:, and all digital assets from
1248:to Chinese technology company
915:National Cash Register Company
13:
1:
11458:Westinghouse Electric Company
10024:Scanning tunneling microscope
8814:Logan, John (December 2006).
8494:"Katherine Harris' Biography"
7892:Walters, E. Garrison (2001).
7260:. ibm.com. October 21, 2015.
7061:Leung, Isaac (June 8, 2011).
7034:Staff Writer (June 8, 2011).
6221:. The Register. June 7, 2022.
5606:Egan, Matt (April 19, 2016).
4460:. p. B11. Archived from
4187:Ngak, Chenda (July 4, 2012).
3237:
3114:scanning tunneling microscope
2566:scanning tunneling microscope
2309:
1152:shortly after its formation.
1044:
881:forming a fifth company, the
720:market in the 1980s with the
699:punch-card tabulating systems
12064:Display technology companies
10453:Dow Jones Industrial Average
9023:. MBI Concepts Corporation.
8654:Smith, Paul Russell (1999).
8070:Jinks, Beth (June 5, 2012).
7822:Selinger, Evan, ed. (2006).
6953:"Digital workplace services"
6410:. Ziff-Davis. Archived from
4483:. p. D1. Archived from
4274:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
4242:Pauwels, Jacques R. (2017).
4143:Marcosson, Isaac F. (1945).
4000:. June 10, 1911. p. 1.
3479:"Top Patent Holders of 2020"
3207:Quantum Energy Teleportation
3040:Western Governors University
2799:Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
2701:
2558:Universal Product Code (UPC)
1704:as well as the president of
1425:Artificial Intelligence (AI)
840:Dow Jones Industrial Average
781:dynamic random-access memory
7:
12044:Computer hardware companies
11211:Category:Software companies
9892:Canada Head Office Building
9882:Cambridge Scientific Center
9774:Science Research Associates
9542:Mainframe operating systems
9166:von Simson, Ernest (2009).
9106:. Harvard Business School.
9019:Greulich, Peter E. (2014).
7794:"IBM Archives: "IBM" atoms"
7648:"IBM Research: Global labs"
7093:"Building a smarter planet"
6580:(in German). Archived from
6139:. Reuters. April 30, 2021.
5978:. The Wall Street Journal.
5140:Ha, Anthony (May 6, 2015).
4360:(9th, alternate ed.).
3175:
2661:from 1960 to 2000, and the
2352:
2195:natural language processing
2136:infrastructure as a service
2094:
2018:
1987:, artificial intelligence,
1957:
1892:Cambridge Scientific Center
1454:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1407:In February of 2020, IBM's
1103:Also in 1969, IBM engineer
990:series, beginning in 1958.
863:Electric Tabulating Machine
709:, was the world's dominant
192:Bundy Manufacturing Company
10:
12130:
12049:Computer systems companies
11206:Largest software companies
10973:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
9953:Virtual Universe Community
9674:International subsidiaries
9594:Service Automation Manager
8898:
8660:. Kogan Page. p. 24.
8200:November 10, 2021, at the
7871:. Rotovision. p. 15.
4402:: E3 – via ProQuest.
4027:"The origins of IBM | IBM"
3346:"IBM Newsroom - Gary Cohn"
3182:List of electronics brands
3165:
2917:White House Chief of Staff
2647:Augusta National Golf Club
2461:, which includes over 300
2367:Yorktown Heights, New York
2278:In May 2023, IBM revealed
2048:In 1990, IBM released the
1961:
1922:(Greenock, Scotland), and
1776:Silicon Valley, California
1673:
1419:to sign a pledge with the
1187:which was merged into its
1158:Ambra Computer Corporation
849:
845:
204:Tabulating Machine Company
36:
29:
12009:Collier Trophy recipients
12004:Cloud computing providers
11811:
11764:
11726:
11566:
11476:
11266:
11259:
11193:
11095:
11088:
10926:
10919:
10841:
10815:
10662:
10655:
10459:
10418:
10413:Links to related articles
10325:
10214:
10156:
10083:
10042:
9971:
9905:
9801:
9704:
9639:
9630:
9482:
9432:
9347:
9340:
9331:
9301:
9122:Pugh, Emerson W. (1996).
8872:"IBM Global Unions Links"
8612:Communications of the ACM
8295:"Timothy D. Cook Profile"
8158:. New York Times Online.
7011:. IBM. October 25, 2005.
6880:"Watson IoT Headquarters"
5581:Ustream Online Video Blog
4524:Austin American-Statesman
3080:Nobel Prize in Literature
2732:world's largest employers
2689:. IBM reported its total
2174:to secure customer data.
1916:IBM Somers Office Complex
1805:IBM India Private Limited
1272:, which was exhibited on
773:technological innovations
644:
632:
620:
610:
590:
568:
548:
528:
509:
483:
365:
323:
286:
276:
259:
246:George Winthrop Fairchild
241:
213:
187:
177:
159:
117:
107:
96:
84:
68:
53:
39:Big Blue (disambiguation)
11463:Westinghouse Electronics
9979:Automated teller machine
9933:The Great Mind Challenge
9316:Mergers and acquisitions
8220:. IBM. February 16, 2021
6800:. IBM. October 2, 2018.
5117:. Market Business News.
4400:Colorado Springs-Gazette
3213:
2815:Citizens Financial Group
2718:Employees demonstrating
2663:National Football League
2150:. For instance, the IBM
2040:, was released in 2022.
2011:, digital workplace and
1952:National Building Museum
1936:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1896:IBM Toronto Software Lab
1743:IBM is headquartered in
1731:Headquarters and offices
1341:, the parent company of
1059:Saturn V Instrument Unit
1015:SABRE reservation system
801:SQL programming language
777:automated teller machine
12094:Point of sale companies
9938:Linux Technology Center
9293:
9241:Business data for IBM:
9135:Slater, Robert (1999).
9057:Heller, Robert (1994).
8934:Oxford University Press
8625:10.1145/1866739.1866752
8269:"Extreme Blue web page"
5708:The Wall Street Journal
4777:The Wall Street Journal
4504:The Wall Street Journal
4381:The Wall Street Journal
4244:Big Business and Hitler
4205:(Rodgers, THINK, p. 83)
3961:"Employee Punch Clocks"
3901:scienceandsociety.co.uk
3371:"US SEC: Form 10-K IBM"
3091:11th national president
3078:, and recipient of the
2890:Patricia Roberts Harris
2459:Linux Technology Center
2453:, and began supporting
2275:enforcement agencies."
2223:patients and for doing
2186:Artificial intelligence
2172:cryptographic splitting
2032:, the latest being the
1785:(Montreal, Canada) and
1445:to private equity firm
1229:On September 14, 2004,
995:artificial intelligence
836:publicly traded company
817:artificial intelligence
616:282,200 (December 2023)
336:Artificial intelligence
219:; 100 years ago
12059:Data quality companies
11859:National Semiconductor
11772:Cadence Design Systems
10263:Dynamic infrastructure
10228:Big Blue sports teams
10034:Universal Product Code
9083:. Dodd, Mead. p.
9075:Mercer, David (1988).
9066:Mercer, David (1987).
9038:Harwood, John (2011).
8998:Gerstner, Louis V. Jr.
8965:Carroll, Paul (1993).
7095:. Asmarterplanet.com.
6606:. IBM. March 9, 2020.
5088:marketbusinessnews.com
4888:"Laptop Retrospective"
4566:Computer Reseller News
4268:Campbell-Kelly, Martin
3048:University of Kentucky
2919:. Alumni also include
2851:Fair Isaac Corporation
2807:Cadence Design Systems
2727:
2711:
2597:
2570:individual xenon atoms
2451:Open Source Initiative
2388:
2370:
2238:
2028:Since 1954, IBM sells
1980:
1900:IBM Building (Seattle)
1740:
1670:Board and shareholders
1214:
1179:was hired as CEO from
1146:Clayton & Dubilier
1118:Universal Product Code
1061:
1050:
1042:University of Michigan
945:
446:IBM Quantum Experience
383:IBM Planning Analytics
182:Information technology
12089:Outsourcing companies
11596:Cypress Semiconductor
11568:Semiconductor devices
11478:Electronic components
11033:Transcend Information
10549:Johnson & Johnson
10395:Vacuum tube computers
10279:IBM and the Holocaust
10244:Common Public License
10129:Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
9912:Academy of Technology
9367:Power microprocessors
9151:. Independent Books.
8778:Intelligent Mentoring
8564:on September 15, 2007
8192:on November 10, 2021.
7782:on December 18, 2009.
7733:on November 10, 1999.
7038:. mybroadband.co.za.
6882:. IBM. May 17, 2017.
6830:on September 17, 2016
4945:. IBM. Archived from
4919:. IBM. Archived from
4420:The Salt Lake Tribune
4215:Black, Edwin (2008).
3903:. UK Science Museum.
3589:Press, Larry (2003).
3155:Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
3095:Boy Scouts of America
2905:United States Cabinet
2717:
2709:
2591:
2376:
2360:
2233:
2148:cloud delivery models
2144:platform as a service
2140:software as a service
2099:Since 2009, IBM owns
2050:Power microprocessors
1971:
1910:(Yamato, Japan), the
1904:IBM Hakozaki Facility
1880:IBM Rome Software Lab
1738:
1305:, Twitter, Facebook,
1256:Later in 2009, IBM's
1244:In 2005, the company
1197:
1097:Sherman Antitrust Act
1056:
1035:
940:researchers using an
936:
911:Thomas J. Watson, Sr.
879:Charles Ranlett Flint
877:in New York State by
730:intellectual property
722:IBM Personal Computer
705:, exemplified by the
496:Professional services
250:Charles Ranlett Flint
11548:Maxwell Technologies
11201:Largest IT companies
10968:Hitachi Data Systems
10849:Largest IT companies
10579:Procter & Gamble
10009:Magnetic stripe card
9958:World Community Grid
9834:Toronto Software Lab
9490:Carbon Design System
9445:Cell microprocessors
8973:. Crown Publishers.
8105:. Business Insider.
7800:on November 11, 2020
7703:. Business Insider.
7591:. September 25, 2017
7399:. January 10, 2019.
6604:"Board of Directors"
6584:on September 3, 2017
6402:(January 21, 2018).
6239:. December 12, 2023.
5840:The Associated Press
5782:. October 28, 2018.
5283:. Business Insider.
5256:. Information Week.
4923:on November 10, 2020
4892:Laptop Retrospective
4847:on October 22, 2004.
4813:Korea JoongAng Daily
4619:. January 23, 2003.
4593:on February 23, 2014
4545:: D2. Archived from
4177:Belden (1962) p. 125
4098:Belden (1962) p. 105
3965:floridatimeclock.com
3377:. February 26, 2024.
3292:. February 1, 2016.
3013:Michael J. Massimino
2998:Donald W. Riegle Jr.
2967:U.S. Representatives
2835:C. Michael Armstrong
2584:Brand and reputation
2538:magnetic stripe card
2471:platform-independent
2467:open-source licenses
2254:IBM Cognos Analytics
2105:statistical analysis
1964:List of IBM products
1918:(Somers, New York),
1906:(Tokyo, Japan), the
1799:2008 Summer Olympics
1772:Rochester, Minnesota
1212:magnetic stripe card
1109:magnetic stripe card
919:John Henry Patterson
793:magnetic stripe card
737:commodity production
627:List of subsidiaries
378:IBM Cognos Analytics
32:IBM (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
11306:Element Electronics
10983:Kingston Technology
10912:information storage
10869:Mainframe computers
10273:GUIDE International
10135:Samuel J. Palmisano
9994:Electronic keypunch
9818:One Atlantic Center
9788:Weather Underground
9784:The Weather Company
9145:Steinhilper, Ulrich
8988:Garr, Doug (1999).
8878:on October 14, 2013
8753:. African America.
7342:on October 13, 2016
6908:The Washington Post
6824:"Property Overview"
6654:The Washington Post
6524:. October 8, 2020.
6109:. January 8, 2021.
4949:on October 12, 2020
4867:www.theregister.com
4481:The Washington Post
4458:The Washington Post
3935:Columbia University
3089:also served as the
3042:president emeritus
3032:Harvey Mudd College
2769:CEO and politician
2635:major championships
2542:relational database
2522:electronic keypunch
2483:) license, and the
2393:Columbia University
2179:Amazon Web Services
2121:Weather Underground
2113:The Weather Company
2030:mainframe computers
2024:Mainframe computers
1908:IBM Yamato Facility
1787:One Atlantic Center
1690:Johnson and Johnson
1398:The Weather Company
1373:The Weather Company
1284:web hosting service
1189:IBM Global Services
821:data infrastructure
797:relational database
761:consistently ranked
757:scientific research
612:Number of employees
583:US$ 135.241 billion
50:
11899:Zenith Electronics
11794:Oracle Corporation
11636:Marvell Technology
11336:Jensen Electronics
11301:Dolby Laboratories
10663:Personal computers
10451:Components of the
10375:Personal computers
10365:Midrange computers
10355:Navigational boxes
10248:IBM Public License
10223:A Boy and His Atom
10181:Michelle J. Howard
10123:John Fellows Akers
10105:T. Vincent Learson
9812:1250 René-Lévesque
9552:Planning Analytics
9186:Watson, Thomas Jr.
8992:. Harper Business.
8852:on August 17, 2016
8704:on August 14, 2018
8531:The New York Times
8499:Project Vote Smart
8423:DeLaat, Jacqueline
8008:Snyder, Benjamin.
7935:on January 5, 2021
7619:The New York Times
7589:www.consultancy.uk
7206:The New York Times
6771:The New York Times
6739:The New York Times
6414:on March 10, 2023.
6325:The New York Times
6102:The Economic Times
5524:The New York Times
5465:. August 6, 2015.
5279:Weinberger, Matt.
5198:Vanian, Jonathan.
4719:The New York Times
4543:The New York Times
4439:The New York Times
4333:. Cummingsdesign.
4331:cummingsdesign.com
4124:on August 26, 2018
3998:The New York Times
3861:Arcadia Publishing
3834:. February 9, 2021
3715:Schestowitz, Roy.
3569:www.britannica.com
3399:on October 5, 2018
3056:University of Iowa
3017:Canadian astronaut
2990:Jim Ross Lightfoot
2728:
2722:capabilities in a
2712:
2697:People and culture
2687:Endicott, New York
2633:, one of the four
2631:Masters Tournament
2598:
2560:bar code, and the
2474:software framework
2431:and Africa lab in
2389:
2371:
2329:. You can help by
2269:Fraunhofer Society
2239:
2084:integrated circuit
2001:Internet of things
1981:
1886:(Winchester, UK),
1783:1250 René-Lévesque
1749:Colossus of Armonk
1741:
1724:Berkshire Hathaway
1706:Cornell University
1474:'s StreamSets and
1447:Francisco Partners
1382:A Boy and His Atom
1264:by U.S. President
1215:
1078:mainframe computer
1062:
1051:
946:
711:computing platform
673:technology company
604:US$ 22.613 billion
235:Endicott, New York
217:June 16, 1924
48:
11944:Telecommunication
11913:
11912:
11907:
11906:
11824:Atari Corporation
11807:
11806:
11755:Motorola Mobility
11708:Texas Instruments
11508:Applied Materials
11219:
11218:
11046:
11045:
10877:
10876:
10811:
10810:
10617:
10616:
10405:
10404:
10370:Operating systems
10232:American football
10201:Joseph R. Swedish
10196:Martha E. Pollack
10099:Thomas Watson Jr.
10060:Customer engineer
9984:Cynefin framework
9870:Hakozaki Facility
9829:Rome Software Lab
9797:
9796:
9626:
9625:
9579:Rational Software
9478:
9477:
9460:Personal Computer
9455:Midrange computer
9177:978-1-4401-9258-6
9094:978-0-396-09259-9
9049:978-0-8166-7039-0
9030:978-0-9833734-6-9
9004:. HarperCollins.
8980:978-0-517-59197-0
8920:978-0-7099-3828-6
8788:978-0-13-700949-7
8351:"Leadership Team"
8078:. Bloomberg L.P.
7336:"Watson Oncology"
7310:"What is Watson?"
6647:McFarland, Matt.
6268:McDowell, Steve.
6257:. April 20, 2023.
5310:. Tech Republic.
4253:978-1-4594-0987-3
4228:978-0-914153-10-8
4156:978-0-405-04713-8
4085:978-1-000-87875-2
3801:McDowell, Steve.
3148:Workplace culture
3126:superconductivity
3087:Thomas Watson Jr.
3044:Robert Mendenhall
3026:, noted musician
2959:Thomas Watson Jr.
2909:Samuel K. Skinner
2847:G. Richard Thoman
2839:Xerox Corporation
2667:American football
2600:IBM is nicknamed
2381:Benoit Mandelbrot
2347:
2346:
2265:Ehningen, Germany
2199:unstructured data
2005:IT infrastructure
1944:Ricardo Legorreta
1710:U.S. Navy admiral
1694:Royal Dutch Shell
1667:
1666:
1482:Corporate affairs
1124:first introduced
1019:American Airlines
913:, fired from the
895:Detroit, Michigan
813:quantum computing
745:computer services
675:headquartered in
668:, is an American
652:
651:
562:US$ 7.502 billion
542:US$ 8.690 billion
360:Quantum computing
352:Computer hardware
16:(Redirected from
12121:
11966:
11965:
11954:
11953:
11942:
11941:
11940:
11930:
11929:
11928:
11921:
11894:Sun Microsystems
11884:Silicon Graphics
11581:Ampere Computing
11501:Maxim Integrated
11264:
11263:
11246:
11239:
11232:
11223:
11222:
11105:Amadeus IT Group
11073:
11066:
11059:
11050:
11049:
10904:
10897:
10890:
10881:
10880:
10763:
10762:
10644:
10637:
10630:
10621:
10620:
10474:American Express
10445:
10438:
10431:
10422:
10421:
10409:
10408:
10353:
10352:
10343:
10342:
10333:
10332:
10093:Thomas J. Watson
10014:Relational model
9963:Think conference
9844:330 North Wabash
9764:Microelectronics
9637:
9636:
9562:Quantum Platform
9507:Cognos Analytics
9345:
9344:
9338:
9337:
9288:
9281:
9274:
9265:
9264:
9229:
9224:
9223:
9221:Official website
9207:
9196:. Bantam Books.
9195:
9181:
9162:
9140:
9131:
9117:
9098:
9082:
9071:
9062:
9053:
9034:
9015:
8993:
8984:
8972:
8961:
8950:. Dialog Press.
8937:
8924:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8883:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8851:
8845:. Archived from
8820:
8811:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8800:
8773:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8762:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8736:
8723:Goldman, David.
8720:
8714:
8713:
8711:
8709:
8690:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8679:
8651:
8645:
8644:
8606:
8600:
8599:
8597:
8595:
8580:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8569:
8554:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8543:
8534:. May 31, 1998.
8522:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8490:
8484:
8483:
8476:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8465:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8419:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8408:
8388:
8382:
8381:
8377:
8371:
8370:
8368:
8366:
8347:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8310:
8301:. Archived from
8291:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8280:
8265:
8259:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8240:
8234:
8233:
8227:
8225:
8210:
8204:
8193:
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8172:
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8167:
8151:
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8119:
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7459:
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7389:
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7358:
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7321:
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7300:
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7297:
7295:
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7274:
7273:
7271:
7269:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7234:. May 17, 2011.
7228:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7217:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7125:on July 14, 2014
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7089:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7073:on July 14, 2011
7069:. Archived from
7067:Electronics News
7058:
7052:
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7005:
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6137:NDTV Gadgets 360
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6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5977:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5922:. CNN Business.
5915:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5842:. April 24, 2024
5832:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5812:. July 9, 2019.
5802:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5747:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5704:
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5690:
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5634:
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5596:
5594:
5592:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5546:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5515:
5509:
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5506:
5504:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5455:
5449:
5448:
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5444:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5229:. Fast Company.
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5164:
5158:
5157:
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5137:
5131:
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5110:
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5101:
5099:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5012:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4843:. Archived from
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4753:Computing Canada
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4585:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4549:on May 26, 2015.
4534:
4528:
4527:
4521:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4487:on May 12, 2023.
4472:
4466:
4465:
4464:on May 12, 2023.
4449:
4443:
4442:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4417:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4296:Texas Law Review
4286:
4280:
4279:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4221:. Dialog Press.
4212:
4206:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4184:
4178:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4110:
4099:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4006:
3995:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3971:on July 11, 2011
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3561:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3527:
3521:
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3518:
3516:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3251:
3231:
3224:
3134:Frances E. Allen
3021:Governor General
2994:Thomas J. Manton
2982:Katherine Harris
2951:Arthur K. Watson
2943:Vincent Obsitnik
2940:U.S. Ambassadors
2903:to serve in the
2898:African American
2779:John W. Thompson
2736:tech consultants
2730:It is among the
2613:graphic designer
2385:fractal geometry
2342:
2339:
2321:
2314:
2306:for public use.
2243:IBM Q System One
2235:IBM Q System One
2182:select markets.
2160:dedicated server
2111:. IBM also owns
2089:all-flash arrays
1975:was awarded the
1888:330 North Wabash
1758:headquarters at
1745:Armonk, New York
1676:List of IBM CEOs
1507:
1506:
1150:leveraged buyout
1114:George J. Laurer
1049:
1046:
999:Arthur L. Samuel
899:Washington, D.C.
859:Herman Hollerith
775:, including the
716:IBM entered the
677:Armonk, New York
640:
605:
602:
601:
595:
586:
584:
581:
580:
573:
563:
560:
559:
543:
540:
539:
531:Operating income
523:
517:
516:
501:Managed services
466:IBM Q System One
266:Armonk, New York
263:1 Orchard Road,
254:Herman Hollerith
227:
225:
220:
173:
77:Armonk, New York
73:
58:
51:
47:
21:
12129:
12128:
12124:
12123:
12122:
12120:
12119:
12118:
11974:
11973:
11972:
11960:
11948:
11938:
11936:
11926:
11924:
11916:
11914:
11909:
11908:
11903:
11803:
11760:
11722:
11601:GlobalFoundries
11562:
11472:
11441:Western Digital
11268:Home appliances
11255:
11250:
11220:
11215:
11189:
11091:
11084:
11077:
11047:
11042:
11038:Western Digital
10922:
10915:
10908:
10878:
10873:
10864:Server hardware
10837:
10807:
10761:
10664:
10658:
10651:
10648:
10618:
10613:
10455:
10449:
10414:
10406:
10401:
10321:
10307:SHARE computing
10268:GlobalFoundries
10210:
10158:
10152:
10079:
10038:
10029:Financial swaps
10004:Hard disk drive
9967:
9901:
9875:Yamato Facility
9793:
9700:
9632:
9622:
9589:Tivoli Software
9474:
9428:
9327:
9297:
9292:
9260:
9219:
9218:
9215:
9210:
9204:
9178:
9159:
9114:
9095:
9061:. Little Brown.
9059:The Fate of IBM
9050:
9031:
9012:
8981:
8958:
8921:
8904:
8897:
8895:Further reading
8892:
8891:
8881:
8879:
8870:
8869:
8865:
8855:
8853:
8849:
8818:
8812:
8808:
8798:
8796:
8789:
8775:
8774:
8770:
8760:
8758:
8749:
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8744:
8734:
8732:
8721:
8717:
8707:
8705:
8692:
8691:
8687:
8677:
8675:
8668:
8652:
8648:
8607:
8603:
8593:
8591:
8582:
8581:
8577:
8567:
8565:
8556:
8555:
8551:
8541:
8539:
8524:
8523:
8519:
8509:
8507:
8492:
8491:
8487:
8478:
8477:
8473:
8463:
8461:
8450:
8446:
8439:
8420:
8416:
8406:
8404:
8389:
8385:
8378:
8374:
8364:
8362:
8355:www.cadence.com
8349:
8348:
8344:
8334:
8332:
8323:
8322:
8318:
8308:
8306:
8305:on May 18, 2012
8293:
8292:
8288:
8278:
8276:
8267:
8266:
8262:
8252:
8250:
8242:
8241:
8237:
8223:
8221:
8212:
8211:
8207:
8202:Wayback Machine
8180:
8179:
8175:
8165:
8163:
8152:
8148:
8138:
8136:
8127:
8126:
8122:
8112:
8110:
8099:
8095:
8085:
8083:
8068:
8064:
8054:
8052:
8039:DiCarlo, Lisa.
8037:
8033:
8023:
8021:
8006:
8002:
7992:
7990:
7985:. Golf Digest.
7979:
7975:
7965:
7963:
7954:Clayton, Ward.
7952:
7948:
7938:
7936:
7927:
7926:
7922:
7912:
7890:
7886:
7879:
7863:
7859:
7849:
7847:
7840:
7832:. p. 228.
7820:
7813:
7803:
7801:
7792:
7791:
7787:
7774:
7773:
7769:
7759:
7757:
7742:
7738:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7710:
7708:
7697:
7693:
7683:
7681:
7672:
7671:
7667:
7657:
7655:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7631:
7629:
7611:
7604:
7594:
7592:
7583:
7582:
7578:
7561:
7557:
7546:
7542:
7537:. June 9, 2020.
7529:
7528:
7524:
7511:
7510:
7506:
7496:
7494:
7486:
7485:
7481:
7471:
7469:
7462:Financial Times
7452:
7448:
7438:
7436:
7432:
7425:
7421:
7420:
7416:
7406:
7404:
7391:
7390:
7386:
7376:
7374:
7359:
7355:
7345:
7343:
7334:
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7329:
7319:
7317:
7308:
7307:
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7293:
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7267:
7265:
7256:
7255:
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7241:
7239:
7230:
7229:
7225:
7215:
7213:
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7194:
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7173:
7169:
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7128:
7126:
7117:
7116:
7112:
7102:
7100:
7091:
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7074:
7059:
7055:
7045:
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7028:
7018:
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7007:
7006:
7002:
6992:
6990:
6981:
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6966:
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6921:
6920:
6916:
6903:
6899:
6889:
6887:
6878:
6877:
6873:
6863:
6861:
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6843:
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6831:
6822:
6821:
6817:
6807:
6805:
6796:
6795:
6791:
6781:
6779:
6762:
6758:
6748:
6746:
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6727:
6717:
6715:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6691:
6689:
6678:
6674:
6664:
6662:
6645:
6641:
6628:
6627:
6623:
6613:
6611:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6587:
6585:
6574:"IBM 2008-2016"
6572:
6571:
6567:
6557:
6555:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6531:
6529:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6501:
6499:
6484:
6480:
6470:
6468:
6453:
6449:
6439:
6437:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6400:Schofield, Jack
6397:
6393:
6383:
6381:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6353:
6351:
6340:
6336:
6315:
6311:
6292:
6288:
6278:
6276:
6266:
6262:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6217:
6216:
6212:
6202:
6200:
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6189:
6179:
6177:
6160:
6156:
6146:
6144:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6116:
6114:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6080:
6078:
6063:
6059:
6049:
6047:
6030:
6026:
6016:
6014:
5999:
5995:
5985:
5983:
5970:
5966:
5956:
5954:
5943:
5939:
5929:
5927:
5916:
5912:
5902:
5900:
5885:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5845:
5843:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5819:
5817:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5789:
5787:
5774:
5773:
5769:
5759:
5757:
5740:
5736:
5726:
5724:
5697:
5693:
5683:
5681:
5666:
5662:
5652:
5650:
5635:
5631:
5621:
5619:
5604:
5600:
5590:
5588:
5573:
5569:
5559:
5557:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5533:
5531:
5516:
5512:
5502:
5500:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5472:
5470:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5442:
5440:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5406:Nusca, Andrea.
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5377:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5354:
5350:
5340:
5338:
5331:
5327:
5317:
5315:
5304:
5300:
5290:
5288:
5277:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5223:
5219:
5209:
5207:
5196:
5192:
5182:
5180:
5165:
5161:
5151:
5149:
5138:
5134:
5124:
5122:
5111:
5107:
5097:
5095:
5090:. Tech Crunch.
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5010:
5008:
4993:
4989:
4979:
4977:
4966:
4962:
4952:
4950:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4869:
4856:
4852:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4804:
4800:
4790:
4788:
4768:
4764:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4711:
4707:
4688:
4684:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4577:
4573:
4558:
4554:
4535:
4531:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4496:
4492:
4473:
4469:
4450:
4446:
4431:
4427:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4392:
4388:
4373:
4369:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4310:
4308:
4287:
4283:
4265:
4261:
4254:
4240:
4236:
4229:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4193:www.cbsnews.com
4185:
4181:
4176:
4172:
4157:
4141:
4137:
4127:
4125:
4112:
4111:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4072:
4068:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3871:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3775:Carter, Sandy.
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3475:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3425:. June 27, 2019
3417:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3267:
3265:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3178:
3170:
3164:
3162:Labor relations
3150:
3110:Heinrich Rohrer
3076:John McClelland
3052:Lee T. Todd Jr.
2888:In government,
2883:Kenneth Simonds
2843:David T. Kearns
2755:
2704:
2699:
2683:
2586:
2562:virtual machine
2534:hard disk drive
2355:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2327:needs expansion
2312:
2188:
2168:cloud computing
2164:managed hosting
2129:
2109:social sciences
2097:
2046:
2044:Microprocessors
2026:
2021:
1985:cloud computing
1966:
1960:
1882:(Rome, Italy),
1733:
1721:holding company
1678:
1672:
1519:
1514:
1489:
1487:Business trends
1484:
1362:GlobalFoundries
1339:Sesame Workshop
1200:hard-disk drive
1126:financial swaps
1047:
978:, in 1952. The
854:
848:
789:hard disk drive
695:holding company
648:
636:
613:
603:
591:
582:
576:
569:
561:
553:
541:
533:
518:
505:
479:
418:Tivoli Software
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:Cloud computing
338:
334:
330:
319:
289:
279:
272:
268:
252:
248:
233:
223:
221:
218:
206:
202:
198:
194:
169:
155:
122:
89:
80:
64:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12127:
12117:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12054:Data companies
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
11971:
11970:
11958:
11946:
11934:
11911:
11910:
11905:
11904:
11902:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11866:
11861:
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11815:
11813:
11809:
11808:
11805:
11804:
11802:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11790:
11789:
11779:
11774:
11768:
11766:
11762:
11761:
11759:
11758:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11732:
11730:
11728:Mobile devices
11724:
11723:
11721:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11674:
11673:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11572:
11570:
11564:
11563:
11561:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11545:
11540:
11535:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11504:
11503:
11496:Analog Devices
11493:
11488:
11482:
11480:
11474:
11473:
11471:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11454:
11453:
11448:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11401:Planar Systems
11398:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11272:
11270:
11261:
11257:
11256:
11249:
11248:
11241:
11234:
11226:
11217:
11216:
11214:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11194:
11191:
11190:
11188:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11170:Quest Software
11167:
11162:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11096:
11093:
11092:
11089:
11086:
11085:
11076:
11075:
11068:
11061:
11053:
11044:
11043:
11041:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10954:
10953:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10927:
10924:
10923:
10920:
10917:
10916:
10907:
10906:
10899:
10892:
10884:
10875:
10874:
10872:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10842:
10839:
10838:
10836:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10819:
10817:
10813:
10812:
10809:
10808:
10806:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10769:
10767:
10760:
10759:
10754:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10668:
10666:
10660:
10659:
10656:
10653:
10652:
10647:
10646:
10639:
10632:
10624:
10615:
10614:
10612:
10611:
10606:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10554:JPMorgan Chase
10551:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10466:
10460:
10457:
10456:
10448:
10447:
10440:
10433:
10425:
10419:
10416:
10415:
10403:
10402:
10400:
10399:
10398:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10347:
10337:
10326:
10323:
10322:
10320:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10292:
10290:Lucifer cipher
10287:
10282:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10241:
10240:
10239:
10234:
10226:
10218:
10216:
10212:
10211:
10209:
10208:
10206:Peter R. Voser
10203:
10198:
10193:
10191:Andrew Liveris
10188:
10186:Arvind Krishna
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10162:
10160:
10154:
10153:
10151:
10150:
10147:Arvind Krishna
10144:
10138:
10132:
10126:
10120:
10114:
10108:
10102:
10096:
10089:
10087:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10046:
10044:
10040:
10039:
10037:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9975:
9973:
9969:
9968:
9966:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9948:Smarter Planet
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9924:
9923:
9913:
9909:
9907:
9903:
9902:
9900:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9878:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9859:
9858:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9840:IBM Buildings
9838:
9837:
9836:
9831:
9825:Software Labs
9823:
9822:
9821:
9815:
9814:, Montreal, QC
9805:
9803:
9799:
9798:
9795:
9794:
9792:
9791:
9781:
9779:Service Bureau
9776:
9771:
9769:Product Center
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9734:Ambra Computer
9731:
9730:
9729:
9724:
9714:
9708:
9706:
9702:
9701:
9699:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9682:
9681:
9671:
9666:
9665:
9664:
9654:
9649:
9643:
9641:
9634:
9628:
9627:
9624:
9623:
9621:
9620:
9615:
9614:
9613:
9603:
9598:
9597:
9596:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9575:
9574:
9569:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9537:Lotus Software
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9503:
9502:
9492:
9486:
9484:
9480:
9479:
9476:
9475:
9473:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9436:
9434:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9425:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9391:
9390:
9389:
9384:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9363:
9362:
9351:
9349:
9342:
9335:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9325:
9324:
9323:
9313:
9307:
9305:
9299:
9298:
9291:
9290:
9283:
9276:
9268:
9262:
9261:
9259:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9242:
9239:
9237:OpenCorporates
9230:
9214:
9213:External links
9211:
9209:
9208:
9202:
9182:
9176:
9163:
9157:
9141:
9139:. McGraw Hill.
9132:
9119:
9112:
9099:
9093:
9072:
9063:
9054:
9048:
9035:
9029:
9016:
9010:
8994:
8985:
8979:
8962:
8956:
8938:
8925:
8919:
8905:
8896:
8893:
8890:
8889:
8863:
8829:(4): 651–675.
8806:
8787:
8768:
8742:
8715:
8685:
8666:
8646:
8601:
8575:
8549:
8517:
8485:
8482:. p. 157.
8471:
8444:
8437:
8414:
8383:
8372:
8342:
8316:
8286:
8260:
8235:
8205:
8173:
8146:
8120:
8093:
8062:
8031:
8000:
7981:Weinman, Sam.
7973:
7946:
7929:"IBM Archives"
7920:
7910:
7884:
7877:
7857:
7838:
7811:
7785:
7767:
7736:
7718:
7691:
7665:
7639:
7602:
7576:
7555:
7540:
7522:
7504:
7479:
7446:
7414:
7384:
7361:Upbin, Bruce.
7353:
7327:
7301:
7290:. May 13, 2022
7275:
7249:
7223:
7192:
7167:
7136:
7110:
7084:
7053:
7026:
7000:
6983:"IBM Products"
6974:
6944:
6914:
6897:
6871:
6841:
6815:
6789:
6756:
6725:
6699:
6672:
6639:
6621:
6595:
6565:
6539:
6509:
6478:
6447:
6417:
6391:
6361:
6334:
6309:
6286:
6260:
6242:
6224:
6210:
6187:
6154:
6124:
6088:
6057:
6024:
5993:
5964:
5937:
5910:
5879:
5853:
5838:. Technology.
5827:
5797:
5767:
5734:
5691:
5660:
5629:
5598:
5567:
5541:
5510:
5480:
5450:
5425:
5398:
5371:
5348:
5325:
5298:
5271:
5244:
5217:
5190:
5159:
5144:. TechCrunch.
5132:
5105:
5074:
5044:
5018:
4987:
4960:
4934:
4904:
4879:
4850:
4826:
4798:
4762:
4739:
4705:
4682:
4660:
4634:
4604:
4571:
4552:
4529:
4509:
4490:
4467:
4444:
4425:
4405:
4386:
4367:
4364:. p. 746.
4348:
4318:
4303:(4): 587–647.
4281:
4259:
4252:
4234:
4227:
4207:
4198:
4179:
4170:
4155:
4135:
4100:
4091:
4084:
4066:
4043:
4018:
3982:
3952:
3918:
3888:
3869:
3845:
3819:
3793:
3767:
3733:
3721:techrights.org
3707:
3681:
3656:
3631:
3606:
3599:
3581:
3553:
3522:
3500:
3466:
3436:
3410:
3393:www-03.ibm.com
3380:
3362:
3337:
3307:
3274:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3174:
3168:IBM and unions
3166:Main article:
3163:
3160:
3149:
3146:
2965:); and former
2924:Mack Mattingly
2859:Citrix Systems
2855:Mark N. Greene
2827:Alfred Amoroso
2811:Anirudh Devgan
2795:Gideon Gartner
2787:Hasso Plattner
2754:
2751:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2691:CO2e emissions
2682:
2679:
2585:
2582:
2568:to arrange 35
2526:financial swap
2469:, such as the
2411:in Melbourne,
2354:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2324:
2322:
2311:
2308:
2252:through their
2187:
2184:
2128:
2127:Cloud services
2125:
2096:
2093:
2045:
2042:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
1959:
1956:
1924:Tour Descartes
1797:, home to the
1732:
1729:
1717:Warren Buffett
1708:and a retired
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1409:John Kelly III
1358:semiconductors
1347:Salesforce.com
1120:. IBM and the
1116:developed the
1070:IBM System/370
1066:IBM System/360
1040:in use at the
1038:IBM System/360
970:IBM built the
852:History of IBM
850:Main article:
847:
844:
809:computer chips
753:supercomputers
650:
649:
642:
641:
634:
630:
629:
624:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
607:
596:
588:
587:
574:
566:
565:
554:
549:
546:
545:
534:
529:
526:
525:
522:61.860 billion
511:
507:
506:
504:
503:
498:
493:
487:
485:
481:
480:
478:
477:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
369:
367:
363:
362:
325:
321:
320:
318:
317:
307:
296:Arvind Krishna
292:
290:
287:
284:
283:
280:
277:
274:
273:
270:
264:
261:
257:
256:
243:
239:
238:
215:
211:
210:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
163:
157:
156:
154:
153:
147:
141:
135:
125:
123:
118:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
98:
94:
93:
90:
85:
82:
81:
74:
66:
65:
59:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12126:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12077:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11981:
11979:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11945:
11935:
11933:
11923:
11922:
11919:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11857:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11816:
11814:
11810:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11788:
11785:
11784:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11769:
11767:
11763:
11756:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11733:
11731:
11729:
11725:
11719:
11716:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11706:
11704:
11701:
11699:
11696:
11694:
11693:Silicon Image
11691:
11689:
11686:
11684:
11681:
11679:
11676:
11672:
11669:
11668:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11646:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11573:
11571:
11569:
11565:
11559:
11556:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11539:
11536:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11502:
11499:
11498:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11483:
11481:
11479:
11475:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11443:
11442:
11439:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11416:Seiki Digital
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11311:Emerson Radio
11309:
11307:
11304:
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11023:Silicon Power
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10524:Goldman Sachs
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10166:Thomas Buberl
10164:
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10141:Ginni Rometty
10139:
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10111:Frank T. Cary
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9897:IBM Rochester
9895:
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9846:, Chicago, IL
9845:
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9820:, Atlanta, GA
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9547:Mashup Center
9545:
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9380:
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9372:Power Systems
9370:
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9266:
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9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
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9240:
9238:
9234:
9233:IBM companies
9231:
9228:
9222:
9217:
9216:
9205:
9203:0-553-29023-1
9199:
9194:
9193:
9187:
9183:
9179:
9173:
9170:. iUniverse.
9169:
9164:
9160:
9158:1-872836-75-5
9154:
9150:
9146:
9142:
9138:
9133:
9129:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9113:0-87584-654-8
9109:
9105:
9100:
9096:
9090:
9086:
9081:
9080:
9073:
9070:. Kogan Page.
9069:
9064:
9060:
9055:
9051:
9045:
9041:
9036:
9032:
9026:
9022:
9017:
9013:
9011:0-00-715448-8
9007:
9003:
8999:
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8991:
8986:
8982:
8976:
8971:
8970:
8963:
8959:
8957:0-914153-10-2
8953:
8949:
8948:
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8939:
8935:
8931:
8926:
8922:
8916:
8912:
8907:
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8877:
8873:
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8848:
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8840:
8836:
8832:
8828:
8824:
8817:
8810:
8794:
8790:
8784:
8780:
8779:
8772:
8756:
8752:
8746:
8730:
8727:. CNN Money.
8726:
8719:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8689:
8673:
8669:
8667:0-7494-2918-6
8663:
8659:
8658:
8650:
8642:
8638:
8634:
8630:
8626:
8622:
8618:
8614:
8613:
8605:
8589:
8585:
8579:
8568:September 27,
8563:
8559:
8553:
8537:
8533:
8532:
8527:
8521:
8505:
8501:
8500:
8495:
8489:
8481:
8475:
8459:
8455:
8448:
8440:
8438:0-7876-4066-2
8434:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8418:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8387:
8376:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8346:
8330:
8326:
8320:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8290:
8274:
8270:
8264:
8249:
8245:
8244:"Fortune 500"
8239:
8232:
8219:
8215:
8209:
8203:
8199:
8196:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8177:
8161:
8157:
8150:
8134:
8130:
8124:
8108:
8104:
8101:Bort, Julie.
8097:
8081:
8077:
8076:Bloomberg.com
8073:
8066:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8035:
8019:
8015:
8011:
8004:
7988:
7984:
7977:
7961:
7957:
7950:
7934:
7930:
7924:
7917:
7916:big blue ibm.
7913:
7911:0-13-019469-7
7907:
7903:
7898:
7897:
7888:
7880:
7878:2-88046-750-0
7874:
7870:
7869:
7861:
7845:
7841:
7839:0-7914-6787-2
7835:
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7740:
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7722:
7706:
7702:
7699:Bort, Julie.
7695:
7679:
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7653:
7649:
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7624:
7620:
7616:
7609:
7607:
7590:
7586:
7580:
7572:
7571:
7566:
7559:
7552:. TechCrunch.
7551:
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7514:
7508:
7493:
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7467:
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7368:
7364:
7357:
7341:
7337:
7331:
7315:
7311:
7305:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7268:September 23,
7263:
7259:
7253:
7237:
7233:
7227:
7216:September 19,
7211:
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6988:
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6954:
6948:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6918:
6910:
6909:
6901:
6885:
6881:
6875:
6864:September 19,
6859:
6855:
6851:
6845:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6803:
6799:
6793:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6760:
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6729:
6713:
6709:
6703:
6687:
6683:
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6643:
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6625:
6609:
6605:
6599:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6569:
6553:
6549:
6543:
6527:
6523:
6522:Bloomberg.com
6519:
6513:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6482:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6451:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6426:"Fortune 500"
6421:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6395:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6349:
6348:Yahoo Finance
6345:
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6330:
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6321:
6313:
6305:
6301:
6297:
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5867:
5863:
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5841:
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5831:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5801:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5771:
5755:
5751:
5750:Bloomberg.com
5746:
5738:
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5714:
5710:
5709:
5703:
5695:
5679:
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5613:
5609:
5602:
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5555:
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5529:
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5521:
5514:
5498:
5494:
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5484:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5454:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5413:
5409:
5402:
5386:
5383:. USA Today.
5382:
5379:Toppo, Greg.
5375:
5359:
5352:
5336:
5329:
5313:
5309:
5302:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5259:
5255:
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5232:
5228:
5221:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5147:
5143:
5136:
5120:
5116:
5109:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5053:"Apple + IBM"
5048:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5006:
5002:
5001:The Intercept
4998:
4991:
4975:
4971:
4964:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4922:
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4914:
4908:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4859:Vance, Ashlee
4854:
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4709:
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4697:
4693:
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4671:
4664:
4649:
4648:Computerworld
4645:
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3999:
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3892:
3876:
3872:
3870:0-7385-3700-4
3866:
3862:
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3849:
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3823:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3726:September 17,
3722:
3718:
3711:
3700:September 17,
3696:
3692:
3685:
3674:September 17,
3670:
3666:
3660:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3620:
3619:lowendmac.com
3616:
3610:
3602:
3600:0-470-86412-5
3596:
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3123:
3119:
3118:Georg Bednorz
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3083:J. M. Coetzee
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3060:Bruce Harreld
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:Dave Matthews
3025:
3024:Julie Payette
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:Robert Garcia
2975:
2974:Glenn Andrews
2971:
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2960:
2956:
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2948:
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2921:U.S. Senators
2918:
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2899:
2895:
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2886:
2884:
2880:
2877:, and former
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2819:Ellen Alemany
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2681:Environmental
2678:
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2659:Olympic Games
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2648:
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2643:Ginni Rometty
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2325:This section
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2293:
2289:
2285:
2284:Generative AI
2281:
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2255:
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2110:
2106:
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2092:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:PlayStation 3
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2016:
2014:
2013:cybersecurity
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:Eero Saarinen
1929:
1928:Marcel Breuer
1925:
1921:
1920:Spango Valley
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:Hursley House
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:Visakhapatnam
1858:
1854:
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1764:Austin, Texas
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1343:Sesame Street
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1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1107:invented the
1106:
1105:Forrest Parry
1101:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:the dominant
1075:
1074:IBM mainframe
1071:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
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991:
989:
985:
981:
980:IBM 305 RAMAC
977:
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906:
904:
900:
896:
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888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:Willard Bundy
864:
861:patented the
860:
853:
843:
841:
837:
832:
830:
829:Turing Awards
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
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790:
786:
782:
778:
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769:
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723:
719:
718:microcomputer
714:
712:
708:
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703:IBM mainframe
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
682:
678:
674:
671:
670:multinational
667:
664:), nicknamed
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431:Mashup Center
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315:
314:vice chairman
311:
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282:177 countries
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11144:
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10832:
10787:
10766:Servers only
10594:UnitedHealth
10538:
10294:
10277:
10258:Deep Thought
10221:
10149:(since 2020)
10117:John R. Opel
10075:Think slogan
9916:Deep Thunder
9722:Kaleida Labs
9717:AIM alliance
9402:Q System Two
9397:Q System One
9294:
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8929:
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8876:the original
8866:
8856:December 17,
8854:. Retrieved
8847:the original
8826:
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8777:
8771:
8759:. Retrieved
8745:
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8718:
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8702:the original
8698:IBM Archives
8697:
8694:"IBM Attire"
8688:
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8656:
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8562:the original
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8218:IBM Newsroom
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8176:
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8149:
8137:. Retrieved
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8096:
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7976:
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7949:
7939:November 24,
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7933:the original
7923:
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7739:
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7676:. Statista.
7668:
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7618:
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7588:
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7513:"IBM Policy"
7507:
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7491:
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7340:the original
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6818:
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6792:
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6769:
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6747:. Retrieved
6738:
6728:
6716:. Retrieved
6708:"Contact Us"
6702:
6690:. Retrieved
6675:
6663:. Retrieved
6652:
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6598:
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6582:the original
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6136:
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6100:
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6079:. Retrieved
6071:SiliconANGLE
6070:
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6048:. Retrieved
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5438:bit-tech.net
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4921:the original
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4866:
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4122:the original
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4009:. Retrieved
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3985:
3975:December 30,
3973:. Retrieved
3969:the original
3964:
3955:
3945:December 30,
3943:. Retrieved
3931:columbia.edu
3930:
3921:
3911:December 30,
3909:. Retrieved
3900:
3891:
3879:. Retrieved
3855:
3848:
3838:December 30,
3836:. Retrieved
3832:IBM Research
3831:
3822:
3812:February 14,
3810:. Retrieved
3806:
3796:
3786:February 14,
3784:. Retrieved
3780:
3770:
3760:February 14,
3758:. Retrieved
3747:The Guardian
3746:
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3724:. Retrieved
3720:
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3698:. Retrieved
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3644:IBM Newsroom
3643:
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3574:December 30,
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3448:
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3429:December 30,
3427:. Retrieved
3422:
3413:
3403:December 30,
3401:. Retrieved
3397:the original
3392:
3383:
3365:
3353:. Retrieved
3350:IBM Newsroom
3349:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3319:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3289:
3266:, retrieved
3256:
3222:
3171:
3151:
3130:Turing Award
3099:
3072:Rangers F.C.
3068:Bill Carollo
3006:
2986:Amo Houghton
2963:Soviet Union
2936:Scott Walker
2896:, the first
2887:
2863:Ed Iacobucci
2756:
2743:Extreme Blue
2740:
2729:
2684:
2628:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2507:
2500:
2493:Apache Derby
2463:Linux kernel
2448:
2437:
2397:IBM Research
2390:
2348:
2335:
2331:adding to it
2326:
2304:Hugging Face
2300:open-sourced
2277:
2273:
2262:
2260:crime data.
2247:
2240:
2209:Ken Jennings
2202:
2189:
2176:
2130:
2098:
2078:neuromorphic
2047:
2027:
1982:
1877:
1853:Bhubaneshwar
1803:
1780:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1714:
1686:Dow Chemical
1679:
1503:
1490:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1436:
1429:
1406:
1395:
1380:
1375:, including
1366:
1351:
1292:
1273:
1266:Barack Obama
1243:
1235:South Korean
1228:
1216:
1208:UPC bar code
1177:Lou Gerstner
1174:
1170:workstations
1154:
1134:
1102:
1094:
1063:
1027:
1025:typewriter.
1003:Poughkeepsie
992:
969:
962:
947:
942:IBM type 704
907:
891:Dayton, Ohio
889:, New York;
865:(1889); and
855:
833:
825:Nobel Prizes
783:(DRAM), the
770:
766:patent troll
741:Lenovo Group
734:
715:
688:
665:
661:
654:
653:
645:
622:Subsidiaries
593:Total equity
571:Total assets
470:
260:Headquarters
188:Predecessors
171:US4592001014
108:Company type
45:
43:
18:IBM computer
11956:Electronics
11661:Nimbus Data
11528:Diodes Inc.
11396:Plantronics
10665:and servers
10494:Caterpillar
10390:Typewriters
10296:Mathematica
10237:Rugby union
10176:Alex Gorsky
10143:(2012–2020)
10137:(2002–2011)
10131:(1993–2002)
10125:(1985–1993)
10119:(1981–1985)
10113:(1973–1981)
10107:(1971–1973)
10101:(1956–1971)
10095:(1914–1956)
10043:Terminology
9999:Floppy disk
9943:SkillsBuild
9906:Initiatives
9887:IBM Hursley
9861:Facilities
9512:Connections
9382:FlashSystem
9251:SEC filings
9235:grouped at
8882:October 12,
8678:October 22,
8542:October 30,
8335:October 10,
8327:. Amd.com.
8139:January 28,
7958:. Masters.
7850:October 22,
7570:ExtremeTech
7397:ExtremeTech
7288:Tech Target
6718:October 20,
6554:(in German)
6374:Macrotrends
6279:October 24,
6180:January 21,
6050:October 10,
6017:October 10,
5986:October 10,
5957:October 10,
5930:October 10,
5903:October 10,
5872:October 10,
5790:October 28,
5760:October 28,
5727:October 29,
5534:October 28,
5503:October 28,
5410:. Fortune.
5202:. Fortune.
5125:November 2,
5011:January 17,
4972:. Reuters.
4617:www.ibm.com
4362:McGraw Hill
4311:January 14,
4128:January 30,
4031:www.ibm.com
3881:October 22,
3546:February 3,
3493:February 2,
3320:www.ibm.com
3122:Alex Müller
3106:Gerd Binnig
3036:Maria Klawe
3019:and former
2928:Thom Tillis
2915:and as the
2861:co-founder
2785:co-founder
2592:IBM ads at
2530:floppy disk
2497:open source
2405:Almaden lab
2338:August 2024
2296:fine tuning
2213:Brad Rutter
2142:(SaaS) and
2117:weather.com
2070:Secure Blue
1948:Honor Award
1791:Pangu Plaza
1760:Astor Place
1498:Fortune 500
1472:Software AG
1377:Weather.com
1356:model with
1315:UnderArmour
1181:RJR Nabisco
1048: 1969
875:amalgamated
869:invented a
805:UPC barcode
785:floppy disk
657:(using the
491:Outsourcing
461:IBM storage
278:Area served
150:S&P 500
144:S&P 100
103:(1911–1924)
75:IBM CHQ in
11978:Categories
11968:Technology
11621:KLA-Tencor
11421:Skullcandy
11175:Sage Group
10816:Mainframes
10584:Salesforce
10559:McDonald's
10529:Home Depot
10385:System/370
10380:System/360
10171:David Farr
10070:e-business
9972:Inventions
9921:Develothon
9802:Facilities
9662:Promontory
9657:Consulting
8799:August 12,
8761:August 12,
8735:August 12,
8594:January 1,
8113:August 12,
8086:August 12,
8055:August 12,
8024:August 12,
7993:August 12,
7966:August 12,
7711:August 12,
7684:August 12,
7632:August 31,
7595:August 31,
7497:August 31,
7492:optics.org
7377:August 13,
7346:August 13,
7320:August 13,
7242:August 14,
7185:August 31,
7160:August 23,
6993:August 13,
6890:October 6,
6834:August 12,
6808:October 2,
6782:August 22,
6749:January 2,
6665:August 11,
5591:August 22,
5560:August 31,
5443:August 31,
5391:August 13,
5364:August 13,
5341:August 13,
5318:August 13,
5291:August 13,
5264:August 13,
5237:August 13,
5210:August 13,
5183:August 13,
5152:August 13,
4953:August 17,
4917:03.ibm.com
4675:October 4,
4653:October 4,
3828:"About us"
3515:August 22,
3485:. Nasdaq.
3483:nasdaq.com
3423:IBM Impact
3238:References
3058:president
3050:president
3034:president
3011:astronaut
2911:served as
2892:served as
2875:Steve Ward
2771:Ross Perot
2759:Apple Inc.
2747:IBM Fellow
2720:IBM Watson
2609:dress code
2510:inventions
2502:SCO v. IBM
2413:Brazil lab
2383:discusses
2378:IBM Fellow
2310:Consulting
2191:IBM Watson
1962:See also:
1873:Jamshedpur
1813:Coimbatore
1756:IBM Watson
1674:See also:
1523:Employees
1520:(US$ bn)
1518:Net income
1515:(US$ bn)
1476:webMethods
1439:Turbonomic
1413:Brad Smith
1369:Cleversafe
1303:Apple Inc.
1288:Davao City
1210:, and the
1122:World Bank
965:M1 Carbine
905:, Canada.
887:Binghamton
871:time clock
803:, and the
707:System/360
551:Net income
427:alphaWorks
348:Blockchain
344:Consulting
328:Automation
288:Key people
224:1924-06-16
87:Trade name
11932:Companies
11889:Solectron
11879:Signetics
11854:Microsemi
11844:Freescale
11839:Fairchild
11829:Commodore
11698:Synaptics
11641:Microchip
11616:Interlink
11431:ViewSonic
11386:Microsoft
11321:Honeywell
11260:Companies
11160:Microsoft
11083:companies
10993:Microsoft
10914:companies
10732:Panasonic
10717:Microsoft
10589:Travelers
10569:Microsoft
10534:Honeywell
10509:Coca-Cola
10253:Deep Blue
10159:directors
9618:WebSphere
9557:PureQuery
9465:Selectric
9440:Blue Gene
9355:Mainframe
9128:MIT Press
8843:155066215
8633:0001-0782
8510:April 30,
8397:CNN Money
7627:0362-4331
7019:March 22,
6967:March 27,
6854:Bloomberg
6614:March 11,
6578:boerse.de
6552:boerse.de
6532:April 29,
6502:April 29,
6471:April 29,
6440:April 29,
6350:. Reuters
5846:April 24,
5717:0099-9660
5674:CNN Money
5622:April 22,
5612:CNN Money
5493:Bloomberg
5463:Bloomberg
4897:April 16,
4786:0099-9660
4732:March 29,
4727:0362-4331
4276:MIT Press
3755:0261-3077
3140:and five
3102:Leo Esaki
3074:chairman
3070:, former
3054:, former
3046:, former
3002:Ed Zschau
2970:Todd Akin
2938:; former
2934:governor
2932:Wisconsin
2849:, former
2837:, former
2829:, former
2825:chairman
2821:, former
2813:, former
2777:chairman
2775:Microsoft
2765:, former
2724:Jeopardy!
2702:Employees
2655:Wimbledon
2651:U.S. Open
2620:Helvetica
2616:Paul Rand
2429:Zurichlab
2425:Tokyo lab
2421:Bangalore
2417:Haifa lab
2204:Jeopardy!
2156:SoftLayer
2134:includes
2132:IBM Cloud
2074:TrueNorth
1997:analytics
1973:Blue Gene
1950:from the
1869:Bangalore
1865:Hyderabad
1825:Ahmedabad
1809:Bangalore
1417:Microsoft
1323:Microsoft
1299:Power ISA
1275:Jeopardy!
1258:Blue Gene
1254:SPSS Inc.
1023:Selectric
1001:of IBM's
958:Holocaust
923:antitrust
834:IBM is a
693:(CTR), a
659:trademark
473:Full List
451:Mainframe
436:PureQuery
423:WebSphere
373:IBM Cloud
310:Gary Cohn
152:component
146:component
140:component
120:Traded as
79:, in 2014
62:Paul Rand
11799:Synopsys
11688:Qualcomm
11671:Mellanox
11591:Broadcom
11491:Achronix
11371:Magnavox
11366:Logitech
11346:Kingston
11197:See also
11120:Autodesk
11081:software
10951:Dell EMC
10845:See also
10778:Dell EMC
10751:Dynabook
10335:Category
10302:IBM Plex
10157:Board of
10050:Big Blue
9850:Honolulu
9759:Merative
9744:EduQuest
9727:Taligent
9696:Research
9633:entities
9631:Business
9572:OpenQASM
9500:Cloudant
9470:ThinkPad
9393:Quantum
9341:Hardware
9333:Products
9188:(1990).
9147:(2006).
9000:(2002).
8944:(2001).
8793:Archived
8755:Archived
8729:Archived
8672:Archived
8641:11847872
8588:Archived
8536:Archived
8504:Archived
8458:Archived
8456:. TIME.
8401:Archived
8359:Archived
8329:Archived
8273:Archived
8224:July 22,
8198:Archived
8160:Archived
8133:Archived
8107:Archived
8080:Archived
8049:Archived
8018:Archived
7987:Archived
7960:Archived
7844:Archived
7804:July 22,
7760:July 21,
7754:Archived
7705:Archived
7678:Archived
7652:Archived
7472:July 20,
7466:Archived
7430:Archived
7401:Archived
7371:Archived
7314:Archived
7262:Archived
7236:Archived
7210:Archived
7154:Archived
7129:July 10,
7097:Archived
7077:June 17,
7046:June 17,
7040:Archived
7013:Archived
6987:Archived
6961:Archived
6931:Archived
6884:Archived
6858:Archived
6802:Archived
6776:Archived
6743:Archived
6712:Archived
6686:Archived
6684:. CNBC.
6659:Archived
6608:Archived
6588:April 9,
6558:April 9,
6526:Archived
6496:Archived
6465:Archived
6461:DealBook
6434:Archived
6378:Archived
6329:Archived
6304:Archived
6203:March 7,
6174:Archived
6141:Archived
6111:Archived
6075:Archived
6044:Archived
6011:Archived
5980:Archived
5951:Archived
5949:. CNBC.
5924:Archived
5897:Archived
5866:Archived
5814:Archived
5784:Archived
5754:Archived
5721:Archived
5678:Archived
5647:Archived
5616:Archived
5585:Archived
5554:Archived
5528:Archived
5497:Archived
5473:March 7,
5467:Archived
5418:March 7,
5412:Archived
5385:Archived
5312:Archived
5285:Archived
5258:Archived
5231:Archived
5204:Archived
5177:Archived
5146:Archived
5119:Archived
5098:July 18,
5092:Archived
5067:July 18,
5061:Archived
5031:Archived
5005:Archived
4974:Archived
4927:March 1,
4627:July 10,
4621:Archived
4335:Archived
4305:Archived
4270:(2003).
4011:June 14,
4002:Archived
3939:Archived
3905:Archived
3875:Archived
3649:July 14,
3540:Archived
3487:Archived
3453:Archived
3355:March 8,
3330:March 8,
3324:Archived
3300:July 22,
3294:Archived
3268:July 18,
3262:archived
3176:See also
3066:referee
2947:Slovakia
2879:Teradata
2867:ASOS.com
2831:AT&T
2793:founder
2763:Tim Cook
2675:Big Blue
2673:as the "
2671:X-League
2624:IBM Plex
2606:de facto
2602:Big Blue
2495:. IBM's
2491:(RDBMS)
2353:Research
2258:CompStat
2225:melanoma
2221:oncology
2138:(IaaS),
2095:Software
2062:Nintendo
2054:Xbox 360
2019:Hardware
1989:commerce
1979:in 2009.
1958:Products
1940:I.M. Pei
1845:Gurugram
1702:Vanguard
1663:282,200
1649:288,300
1635:282,100
1621:345,900
1607:352,600
1593:350,600
1579:366,600
1565:380,300
1551:377,757
1537:379,592
827:and six
749:software
666:Big Blue
484:Services
356:Software
332:Robotics
324:Products
300:chairman
242:Founders
178:Industry
97:Formerly
11918:Portals
11812:Defunct
11631:Lattice
11553:Sanmina
11451:SanDisk
11411:Seagate
11391:Monster
11381:Memorex
11376:Marantz
11361:Lexmark
11351:Kimball
11341:Kenmore
11331:InFocus
11291:Corsair
11185:Tencent
11018:Seagate
11013:Samsung
11008:Plextor
10958:Fujitsu
10823:Fujitsu
10742:Samsung
10692:Fujitsu
10609:Walmart
10599:Verizon
10499:Chevron
10345:Commons
10312:ScicomP
9855:Seattle
9808:Towers
9754:Lexmark
9749:Kyndryl
9691:Red Hat
9640:Current
9611:Granite
9606:Watsonx
9522:Fortran
9450:PowerPC
9377:Storage
9348:Current
9311:History
9303:History
8708:May 31,
8279:May 23,
8248:Fortune
8195:Alt URL
7750:LWN.net
7658:May 28,
7535:Reuters
7439:June 8,
7312:. IBM.
7294:May 18,
7103:May 23,
6985:. IBM.
6937:May 28,
6710:. IBM.
6492:Reuters
6430:Fortune
6384:May 15,
6300:Reuters
6107:Reuters
5893:Reuters
5820:July 9,
5810:Red Hat
5780:Red Hat
5643:Reuters
5360:. eWeek
5337:. eWeek
5173:Reuters
5059:. IBM.
5057:ibm.com
5037:July 1,
4980:July 1,
4696:PC Week
4597:July 6,
4341:May 17,
4118:ibm.com
4036:May 28,
3536:Fortune
3459:June 1,
3290:Fortune
3228:Kyndryl
3093:of the
2957:), and
2803:Lisa Su
2791:Gartner
2578:patents
2574:patents
2508:Famous
2487:-based
2477:Eclipse
2440:R&D
2433:Nairobi
2387:, 2010.
2288:Granite
2280:Watsonx
2152:Bluemix
2107:in the
2038:IBM z16
2003:(IoT),
1833:Kolkata
1817:Chennai
1513:Revenue
1461:Rapidus
1432:Kyndryl
1421:Vatican
1411:joined
1402:Red Hat
1391:Groupon
1387:Ustream
1354:fabless
1307:Tencent
1168:-based
1166:PowerPC
1142:Lexmark
1011:FORTRAN
1007:IBM 704
976:IBM 701
954:Dehomag
903:Toronto
846:History
779:(ATM),
684:patents
638:ibm.com
633:Website
510:Revenue
441:Fortran
398:Watsonx
222: (
214:Founded
168::
131::
11869:Philco
11834:Compaq
11751:Lenovo
11746:Google
11713:Xilinx
11703:Tabula
11683:onsemi
11666:Nvidia
11656:NetApp
11651:Micron
11558:Vishay
11523:Cirque
11513:Altera
11316:Harman
11165:Oracle
11150:Intuit
11135:Google
11125:Citrix
11110:Amazon
11079:Major
11003:Oracle
10998:NetApp
10988:Kioxia
10963:Google
10936:Amazon
10910:Major
10803:Oracle
10798:NetApp
10793:Inspur
10707:Lenovo
10697:Huawei
10514:Disney
10489:Boeing
10469:Amazon
10317:Unions
9928:Fellow
9739:Cognos
9712:AdStar
9705:Former
9669:Kenexa
9647:Apptio
9601:Watson
9567:Qiskit
9433:Former
9422:Condor
9412:Osprey
9387:DS8000
9256:Yahoo!
9246:Google
9200:
9174:
9155:
9110:
9091:
9046:
9027:
9008:
8977:
8954:
8917:
8841:
8785:
8664:
8639:
8631:
8619:: 39.
8464:May 1,
8435:
8299:Forbes
8166:May 1,
8045:Forbes
8014:Forbes
7908:
7875:
7836:
7625:
7367:Forbes
6692:May 4,
6634:Nasdaq
6274:Forbes
6147:May 1,
6040:Forbes
6007:Forbes
5715:
5653:May 9,
4840:Forbes
4784:
4725:
4250:
4225:
4165:243101
4163:
4153:
4082:
3867:
3807:Forbes
3781:Forbes
3753:
3597:
3591:IBM PC
3445:"10-K"
3136:. Ten
3116:; and
3000:, and
2955:France
2871:Lenovo
2823:Yahoo!
2639:iPhone
2596:, 2013
2556:, the
2548:, the
2540:, the
2536:, the
2532:, the
2528:, the
2524:, the
2520:, the
2444:Watson
2068:. IBM
2060:, and
2009:mobile
1837:Mumbai
1774:; and
1700:, and
1682:Anthem
1345:, and
1335:Macy's
1327:VMware
1280:Kenexa
1270:Watson
1250:Lenovo
1220:Compaq
1206:, the
1138:AdStar
1130:IBM PC
1082:OS/VS1
901:; and
819:, and
799:, the
795:, the
791:, the
787:, the
755:, and
606:(2023)
585:(2023)
564:(2023)
544:(2023)
524:(2023)
393:Watson
366:Brands
302:&
237:, U.S.
112:Public
11819:Actel
11765:Other
11736:Apple
11718:Zilog
11645:Atmel
11611:Intel
11586:Apple
11543:KEMET
11538:Jabil
11468:Xerox
11436:Vizio
11406:Razer
11286:Cisco
11276:Apple
11155:Infor
11115:Apple
11100:Adobe
10941:Apple
10931:ADATA
10773:Cisco
10747:Sharp
10737:Razer
10677:Apple
10564:Merck
10544:Intel
10504:Cisco
10484:Apple
10479:Amgen
10215:Other
9686:Press
9679:India
9495:Cloud
9483:Other
9417:Heron
9407:Eagle
9360:IBM Z
8850:(PDF)
8839:S2CID
8819:(PDF)
8637:S2CID
7433:(PDF)
7426:(PDF)
7180:ZDNET
7150:ZDNet
6927:PCMAG
6408:ZDNET
6199:. IBM
6169:ZDNet
4591:(PDF)
4584:(PDF)
4061:89–93
4005:(PDF)
3994:(PDF)
3669:PCMAG
3214:Notes
2901:woman
2841:CEOs
2455:Linux
2158:is a
2066:Wii U
2034:IBM z
1857:Surat
1849:Noida
1829:Delhi
1821:Kochi
1657:61.8
1654:2023
1643:60.5
1640:2022
1629:57.3
1626:2021
1615:73.6
1612:2020
1601:77.1
1598:2019
1587:79.5
1584:2018
1573:79.1
1570:2017
1562:11.8
1559:79.9
1556:2016
1548:13.1
1545:81.7
1542:2015
1534:12.0
1531:92.7
1528:2014
1510:Year
1311:Cisco
1239:Xnote
1162:clone
1148:in a
997:when
950:Nazis
928:THINK
11864:Palm
11777:Cray
11533:Flex
11446:HGST
11356:Koss
11296:Dell
11281:Bose
11028:Sony
10946:Dell
10757:Vaio
10687:Dell
10682:Asus
10672:Acer
10604:Visa
10574:Nike
10360:FOSS
10085:CEOs
9989:DRAM
9584:SPSS
9527:ILOG
9198:ISBN
9172:ISBN
9153:ISBN
9108:ISBN
9089:ISBN
9044:ISBN
9025:ISBN
9006:ISBN
8975:ISBN
8952:ISBN
8915:ISBN
8884:2013
8858:2010
8801:2016
8783:ISBN
8763:2016
8737:2016
8710:2012
8680:2020
8662:ISBN
8629:ISSN
8596:2014
8570:2007
8544:2020
8512:2006
8466:2015
8433:ISBN
8409:2017
8367:2021
8337:2014
8311:2017
8281:2010
8255:2022
8226:2022
8168:2008
8141:2015
8115:2016
8088:2016
8057:2016
8026:2016
7995:2016
7968:2016
7941:2009
7906:ISBN
7873:ISBN
7852:2020
7834:ISBN
7806:2012
7762:2016
7713:2016
7686:2016
7660:2015
7634:2024
7623:ISSN
7597:2024
7499:2024
7474:2021
7441:2019
7409:2019
7379:2016
7348:2016
7322:2016
7296:2022
7270:2016
7244:2016
7218:2018
7187:2024
7162:2016
7131:2014
7105:2010
7079:2011
7048:2011
7021:2007
6995:2016
6969:2020
6939:2015
6892:2018
6866:2018
6836:2016
6810:2018
6784:2016
6751:2015
6720:2009
6694:2018
6667:2016
6616:2020
6590:2024
6560:2024
6534:2021
6504:2021
6473:2021
6442:2021
6386:2024
6356:2023
6281:2023
6255:CNBC
6205:2022
6182:2022
6149:2021
6119:2021
6083:2021
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