635:, a poet and Unirea graduate, the school could remember Rașcu "with justified pride." Nevertheless, Rașcu was not happy teaching in Focșani: as Iordan writes, his sternness was not well received by his students, and, when his grading system was challenged by his superiors, he resigned from his position altogether. Eventually, he relocated to Bucharest, where, from 1923 to 1933, he taught at
873:, the communist official in charge of cultural affairs, wrote him off in 1949 as "a very inconsequential figure" in Romanian literature. He returned to the spotlight in the late 1960s, when he helped researcher Mihail Straje document the pseudonymous work of himself and other Symbolists (such as Hefter-Hidalgo,
739:, who wrote off its attempts to revive Symbolism. Its "exaggerated Francophilia", Crainic claimed, clashed with the day's agenda, which involved "searching for our selves at the deepest level". Although an Orthodox theologian, Crainic still admired Rașcu's faith and his "fine spiritual evolution".
514:
and
Symbolism. Hefter acknowledged the traditionalist dislike for decadent themes and their surfacing in Symbolism, but contended that Symbolist art was fundamentally new, idealistic, and infinitely beautiful. For his part, Rașcu objected to what he saw as exaggerated Poporanism, noting that the
1021:
notes that, as time passed, Rașcu seemed "more determined" to settle into an absolute seclusion from the secular world. His
Catholic writing evidenced "such conviction", "that any suspicion becomes an undeserved insult"—Rașcu seemed to Marino a modern-day "Crusader". Also according to Marino,
843:. The work pitted Rașcu against his former employer Iorga, whose hypotheses and impressions on the sources of Romantic literature it would not credit. In his review of the book, Iorga complained that Rașcu had displayed a "harsh professorial" attitude toward his own research.
163:
as one who suggested "all sorts of anachronisms", "fervent and very fanatical", but "distinguished", "of an entirely
Westernized urbanity". He is also remembered for his withdrawals into mystical contemplation, and for his adhering to an austere dress code in his daily life.
374:
movement, this
Symbolist activation caused a stir. As an additional mark of rebellion, Densusianu was invited by Rașcu in Iași, where he gave a public lecture against Poporanist tenets. The magazine's printing shop put out copies of Rașcu's own poetry, as
461:
was not entirely opposed to traditionalist literature. According to Cernat, it should be read as a "non-exclusive" publication, "in a gradual—and discreet—evolution into modernism." It even dedicated special issues to
Poporanists such as
173:, the sentiment that something was about to happen "in the world at large", made a mark on him: "Perhaps it is that we waited for the age to weight less on us, but to shake us more violently." Rașcu debuted in 1905 in the student review
620:, his was "a tireless and completely selfless work", all the more admirable considering that Focșani "was not quite the lover of art and literature". In addition to such contributions, Rașcu himself published his own textbook and
916:
As Călinescu suggests, I. M. Rașcu was a "constant" Symbolist, oriented toward a trademark "provincial", "Sunday" poetry, which mirrored his "melancholy seclusion" and "sacred bucolic joys". Cultural historian and critic
1026:
was unwittingly amusing, "candid" and "prudish", particularly with its "misogynistic" commentary on the attire of female believers; however, Rașcu's "dreamy and monkish temperament cannot fail to impress us."
693:, in what was an effort to escape from the encroachment of modernity. In France, Rașcu experienced not just Catholic fervor, but, according to his own account, a personal miracle: he claimed that a statue of
235:("Verse and Prose") from 1912 to 1916, it was to be Moldavia's longest-lived Symbolist magazine. Rașcu, the chief editor, often signed his contributions with pseudonyms, introducing himself as
167:
Rașcu attended primary and secondary school in Iași, living with his family on the outskirts of that city. As he himself recounted in later years, the monotonous atmosphere of the
Moldavian
88:
Rașcu's maternal great-grandfather was the French upper class tailor Frédéric
Ortgies (described in one of Rașcu's poems as having "a rosy and melancholy face"). Originally from
2225:
530:
143:, this evidenced a "propensity toward 'alternative' spirituality and a tense relationship with the dominant Orthodox religion", also found among Symbolists who turned to
1017:
was hailed in the
Catholic press as one of the "few original works of religious inspiration" (as opposed to sheer translations), and also the work of "a talented poet".
1002:
were nostalgic, evoking the medieval atmosphere of castles, domes, crypts, galleys, but also parks and ponds. The effect of such poetry was, according to
Lovinescu, "
1013:
were unusual in the
Romanian context, and not just for illustrating the Catholic option—a minority one in Romania. At the time of its publishing, Rașcu's homage to
675:
659:
758:. According to Streinu, Rașcu's "anthill" of references only managed to show "coincidences" between Eminescu's poetry and the work of various French authors.
331:
882:
1974:
819:
608:
magazine condoned his efforts in this respect, while also noting that Rașcu and his students made a habit of trekking through "the less visited parts" of
1699:
855:
291:
63:, where he also published his Catholic prose and fragments of his work in literary history. He became noted, and challenged, for his critical reviews of
56:
before 1914. In later years, he lived more discreetly as a scholar and educationist, earning both praise and opprobrium for his sternness and erudition.
1740:
746:
and elsewhere, Rașcu published his finds on Eminescu, hypothesizing about the latter's sources of inspiration in modern French literature (particularly
972:
520:
586:
movement, finally obtaining its acceptance by the cultural mainstream. Just after the war's end, in 1919, Rașcu received a full teaching position at
336:
59:
A Catholic convert and devotional writer, Rașcu spent several years in France. He made a belated attempt to revive Symbolism with the 1930s magazine
2220:
439:
1962:
1538:
1018:
160:
1840:
636:
450:
as the "insolence of the impotent". After public readings from Rașcu and Codreanu's poetry, unknown authors resorted to putting out a parody of
2235:
546:. He visited and studied in France during 1912 and 1914, then returned to Romania for employment as a substitute teacher of French in Iași,
2215:
716:
454:, with so-called "verse from the netherworld". According to Călinescu, these parodists were "talentless", but also showed "common sense".
896:("Literary Memoirs and Medallions"), comprising short biographies of his friends, was published in 1967, the same year as his definitive
836:
1818:
2205:
642:
Returning to France for a 1924 visit, Rașcu remained there on an extended study trip, from 1925 to 1929, and was a resident scholar of
2260:
2165:
2155:
2160:
2100:
2255:
2245:
2210:
802:
1706:
685:
Rașcu's time in France evidenced his commitment to Catholicism. For 9 days in August 1929, he secluded himself at the original
670:, Romania's national poet, analyzed in comparison with French writers of his day. He inventoried such literary sources at the
2150:
1990:
1882:
715:("Rectifier") with assistance from his old Symbolist friends Cruceanu and Sperantia, and with additional help from Huzum and
120:, worked as an art and calligraphy teacher. The couple also had three daughters, of whom Clelia (1897–1944) went on to marry
2060:
1542:
587:
2240:
2185:
1590:
100:. Ortgies' daughter, Eugenia, married Ioan Tudor Curie (or Curius; 1816–1898), an actor and French-language teacher from
671:
2195:
2180:
2145:
2140:
75:. In his final years, Rașcu returned to literary life as an authority on, and biographer of, his Symbolist colleagues.
1747:
2230:
2170:
2130:
2004:
1957:
782:
789:. The book also shows Rașcu being troubled by Eminescu's Orthodox background, and what it meant for his theoretical
104:. Curie had once been the most promising graduate of the Wallachian Philharmonic Society, and friend of its founder
2250:
2125:
2120:
2105:
2095:
1365:
765:("How They Are Breaking Education Apart"). In 1934, his account of a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thérèse in
116:, and afterward spent years in exile. Their daughter, Clelia (1865–1950), was Rașcu's mother. His father, born in
2085:
177:. His contributions were a poem, expressing Rașcu's sadness over the recent death of his father, a conventional
2190:
412:
958:
However, as Lovinescu writes, such traits did not exempt Rașcu from exoticism and cosmopolitanism: along with
217:. Graduating from the National High School in 1909, he took a diploma in Letters from the University of Iași.
2175:
2135:
1399:
Cruceanu, pp. 43, 89; Huzum, pp. 26, 30; Lovinescu, p. 117; Opriș, p. 130; Straje, p. 590; Vianu, pp. 130–131
524:
circle before 1915, Rașcu had his work published in various other Symbolist periodicals in the capital city,
39:
27:
2200:
1967:
1613:
379:("Under the Domes of Reverie"). In the closing months of 1912, Rașcu and Hefter-Hidalgo also contributed to
2115:
2110:
2065:
132:
113:
2011:
Dicționar de pseudonime, anonime, anagrame, astronime, criptonime ale scriitorilor și publiciștilor români
2090:
352:
925:", "projecting life beyond reality, into the realm of dreams, the life of a bloodless ghost". Critic
754:). These studies earned him accolades from the specialty press, but were also attacked by philologist
124:
physician Emil Hurmuzache; and another son, Gheorghe, who made his living as a teacher of geography.
1911:
214:
2070:
790:
128:
1436:
443:
159:
as a Catholic of "fanatical correctness", "discretion", and "great suaveness", and by philologist
2075:
1071:
Iolanda Berzuc, "Arta interpretării teatrale şi societatea românească în secolul al XIX-lea", in
1014:
694:
494:
in 1914, Hefter-Hidalgo ridiculed the more radical, post-Symbolist, movements, with reference to
144:
72:
793:. When switching focus to on politics, Rașcu outlines the tenets of Eminescu's distaste for the
135:. In Catholic circles, he was remembered as "one of our great converts", on par with missionary
1874:
655:
393:. Rașcu popularized the work of French poets and novelists, beginning with his translations of
35:
874:
315:
1756:
1715:
835:("Literary Convictions") came out in 1937. Rașcu had by then moved to a teaching position at
801:; however, he also renders (and deplores) the poet's adversity toward the establishment of a
798:
747:
579:
515:"sickness" of Decadence was not necessarily bad, since: "Not all sick things are repugnant."
252:
109:
97:
48:
43:
900:("Poems"). He was also in correspondence with publisher Teodor Vârgolici, who published, at
777:("Vibrations"). Also that year, he issued a monograph about Eminescu's view of Catholicism (
463:
121:
2055:
2050:
1982:
945:
Symbolist school, such authors proved to be "natures of the interior"; against Wallachian "
781:). It explores the many variants of Eminescu's "Prayer to the Virgin", linking them to the
595:
349:
345:
319:
751:
8:
2080:
651:
625:
1852:
156:
999:
963:
934:
647:
471:
227:
Rașcu's debut as a Symbolist promoter came in 1911, when he founded at Iași the review
674:, which he frequented on a regular basis. While Rașcu was still abroad, fellow writer
613:
370:
Iași being a city of traditionalist tastes, and primarily a center for the ruralizing
2031:
2014:
2000:
1986:
1953:
1895:
1878:
1551:
1010:
989:
959:
866:
824:
511:
438:
The Poporanist reaction bordered on censorship. Among the rival literary columnists,
295:
68:
1703:
155:
practices. Rașcu was entirely committed to his new faith: he is described by critic
131:, but later in life returned to the religion of his French forefathers, joining the
71:
document his increasing isolation and monastic fervor, as well as his dedication to
1608:
1586:
977:
755:
736:
698:
467:
420:
364:
279:
275:
105:
31:
1265:
Variously credited by: Călinescu, p. 684; Cernat, pp. 55, 313; Mitchievici, p. 144
169:
1945:
1887:
1860:
1751:
1710:
994:
946:
938:
918:
901:
720:
690:
599:
311:
287:
267:
259:
870:
639:, and presided over its students' Society for the Study of Romanian Literature.
594:. While there, he founded and led a student literary society, named in honor of
432:
967:
878:
823:
put out as a volume Rașcu's literary study, comparing the work of Eminescu and
667:
609:
507:
424:
356:
341:
307:
136:
64:
52:
magazine, he became one of the leading Symbolist figures in his native city of
862:("Thirsting for Eternal Serenity"), which detailed his time at the La Trappe.
2044:
1997:
Istoria debutului literar al scriitorilor români în timpul școlii (1820-2000)
1935:
786:
761:
Rașcu refocused on his teaching career, and, in 1933, published the pamphlet
643:
503:
499:
404:
394:
390:
360:
299:
283:
1921:
1907:
1744:
1003:
851:
794:
632:
621:
617:
475:
428:
327:
323:
303:
271:
399:
2023:
1899:
1866:
981:
926:
814:
663:
583:
571:
140:
2035:
2018:
1979:
Decadență și decadentism în contextul modernității românești și europene
1845:
1595:
1159:
Călinescu, p. 705; Marino, "Note. I. M. Rașcu și Sfânta...", pp. 470–471
604:
117:
1115:
Valeriu Hetco, "Catolicismul și unificarea sufletească. Răspuns pentru
770:
371:
182:
1006:" and "discoursive", often "prolix", and only "externally Symbolist".
976:. According to Cernat, Rașcu's early poems mainly feature "Symbolist,
591:
942:
719:. It was also there that he published "splinters" from an incomplete
686:
525:
483:
386:
185:
folkloric laments. He sent additional pieces to the popular magazine
101:
1916:
Revista Noastră. Publicație a Elevilor Colegiului Unirea din Focșani
1370:
Studii și Cercetări de Istoria Artei. Teatru, Muzică, Cinematografie
1073:
Studii și Cercetări de Istoria Artei. Teatru, Muzică, Cinematografie
908:("Eminescu and French Culture"). He died in Bucharest in late 1971.
555:
547:
139:
and author Mariu Theodorian-Carada. As argued by literary historian
930:
922:
881:). At the time, a critical review of Rașcu's work was published by
495:
415:
ethnicity underlined the tolerant and non-traditional character of
381:
93:
38:, and schoolteacher. He is remembered for his participation in the
598:, and put out its yearbook, noted for its reviews of 19th-century
766:
89:
951:
602:
and its encouragement of intellectual debates between students.
53:
769:
was published in Bucharest, followed in 1935 by a selection of
551:
442:
referred to Rașcu as "ruddy, long-haired and repulsive", while
178:
152:
148:
711:
Returning to public life in 1930, Rașcu launched the magazine
966:, he "made skillful use" of the modernizing and "decorative"
839:, and, in 1938, put out a second Romanian literary textbook,
474:, and was thus more mainstream than two other Iași reviews (
266:
was quite successful in attracting other Symbolist authors:
1930:
Arhiva. Revistă de Istorie, Filologie și Cultură Românească
510:. Hefter and Rașcu both set out to distinguish between the
1434:
Nicolae I. Popa, "Psihologia lecturilor adolescenței", in
941:. In comparison with the "rhetorical temperaments" of the
112:. He settled in Iași, where he played a minor part in the
1871:
Avangarda românească și complexul periferiei: primul val
1857:
Istoria literaturii române de la origini pînă în prezent
1965:, "Note. I. M. Rașcu și Sfânta Tereza din Lisieux", in
1801:
Anca Clitan, "Georges Rodenbach și cultura română", in
1421:; Călinescu, pp. 982, 991, 1017; Huzum, p. 26; Iordan,
723:, as well as articles of literary history—sometimes as
30:
March 19] 1890 – 1971) was a Romanian poet of
850:("Luminous Renunciations"). In 1943, at the height of
502:, but explored the possibility of staging in Iași the
490:). At times, the opposition was explicit. Writing for
1150:
Marino, "Note. I. M. Rașcu și Sfânta...", pp. 470–471
949:", they held up an attachment to "the tiny Moldavian
255:, who was the group's theoretician and staff critic.
2226:
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy
1678:
Călinescu, p. 1017; Huzum, p. 30; Iorga, pp. 374–375
1247:
Cernat, pp. 34, 55; Mitchievici, pp. 86–87, 144–150
1206:
1204:
574:, and during the two years of Romanian neutrality,
1477:
1475:
1473:
678:put out another selection of his poetry, the 1927
334:, and (with early selections from his influential
1611:, "Despre o modalitate a judecății literare", in
209:, he also contributed to the political newspaper
2042:
1926:Anuarul Societății Literare Grigore Alexandrescu
1567:Marino, "Note. I. M. Rașcu și Sfânta...", p. 471
1201:
344:. More senior Symbolists such as Densusianu and
2030:, Vol. III, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1971.
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1470:
785:and highlighting Eminescu's primordial debt to
1366:"La scène roumaine et l'expressionnisme (III)"
1770:
1768:
1766:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1234:
1232:
904:, Rașcu's crowning critical study, the 1969
612:, following in the footsteps of mountaineer
562:("Jaded Cities"), came out in Iași in 1914.
865:Rașcu survived the postwar imposition of a
258:Heavily influenced by the Symbolist critic
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1348:
1346:
1273:
1271:
83:
1763:
1669:Călinescu, p. 1017. See also Huzum, p. 30
1640:
1638:
1636:
1558:
1519:Huzum, p. 30. See also Călinescu, p. 1017
1229:
1167:
1165:
1055:
1053:
1051:
127:Also a Iași native, Ion Rașcu was raised
1656:
1654:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1189:Straje, pp. 147, 272, 341, 342, 589, 590
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1067:
1065:
518:Marginally affiliated with Densusianu's
2221:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
1950:Istoria literaturii române contemporane
1522:
1493:
1343:
1268:
1041:
1039:
998:to a Moldavian setting. His own poetic
846:Rașcu returned to poetry in 1939, with
348:were also present, as were the generic
2043:
1633:
1286:Călinescu, pp. 705, 1017; Huzum, p. 26
1256:Călinescu, p. 684; Cruceanu, pp. 88–89
1162:
1048:
2236:Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
2013:, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1973.
1952:, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1989.
1942:, Issues 10–12/1938, pp. 374–381
1894:, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1973.
1651:
1490:Călinescu, p. 1017; Huzum, pp. 26, 30
1213:
1087:
1062:
731:. The review was hotly criticized by
1036:
2216:Former Romanian Orthodox Christians
988:, he merely adapted the scenery of
220:
205:, and some variations of these. As
13:
1999:, Aramis Print, Bucharest, 2002.
1728:Straje, pp. 63, 322, 590, 659, 712
1210:Cernat, p. 55; Mitchievici, p. 144
763:Cum se dezorganizează învățământul
385:, the Symbolist review put out in
14:
2272:
2206:Romanian people of French descent
1849:, Issue 14/1921, pp. 266–268
933:Symbolist, in line with Bacovia,
783:Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
2261:20th-century Romanian memoirists
2166:20th-century Romanian historians
2156:Comparative literature academics
1971:, Issue 2/1945, pp. 470–471
1704:"O carte despre Cameleonea (II)"
1626:"Cărți primite la redacție", in
1481:Călinescu, p. 1017; Huzum, p. 30
1449:"Cronica măruntă" (1921), p. 267
911:
841:Alte opere din literatura română
42:: a founder and co-editor, with
2161:Historians of French literature
2101:20th-century Romanian novelists
1918:, Issue 2/1972, pp. 26, 30
1808:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1731:
1722:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1646:Flori de Crin. Revistă Femenină
1620:
1602:
1513:
1484:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1428:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1355:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1153:
894:Amintiri și medalioane literare
837:Mihai Viteazul National College
2256:Romanian people of World War I
2246:Romanian educational theorists
2211:Romanian expatriates in France
1932:, Issue 1/1924, pp. 52–53
1425:. See also Straje, pp. 589–590
1144:
1135:
1126:
1109:
1078:
921:summarizes Rașcu's poetry as "
558:. His second volume, the poem
1:
1831:
1819:"Vieață ascunsă întru Domnul"
808:
658:and attending the courses of
108:, before leaving to join the
67:'s poetry. His late works in
16:Romanian writer (1890 - 1971)
2151:Romanian literary historians
1440:, Issues 1-2/1932, pp. 68–69
1123:, Issues 17–18/1932, pp. 6–7
906:Eminescu și cultura franceză
869:, but faded into obscurity.
704:
78:
7:
2061:20th-century Romanian poets
1617:, Issue 7/1936, pp. 166–167
1304:Mitchievici, pp. 86–87, 145
528:. His work was taken up by
419:, introduced the public to
40:Romanian Symbolist movement
10:
2277:
2241:University of Paris alumni
2186:Romanian magazine founders
1968:Revista Fundațiilor Regale
1614:Revista Fundațiilor Regale
1417:"Cronica măruntă" (1921),
431:, and the erotic works of
353:Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu
231:("Verse"). Reappearing as
181:, and a brief overview of
34:verse, cultural promoter,
22:(most common rendition of
2196:Romanian textbook writers
2181:Romanian magazine editors
2146:Romanian literary critics
2141:Romanian male biographers
1372:, Vol. 2 (46), 2008, p. 9
970:favored by Densusianu at
2231:Romanian Roman Catholics
2171:20th-century translators
2131:20th-century biographers
1381:Mitchievici, pp. 146–150
1084:Călinescu, pp. 706, 1017
1030:
929:reads Rașcu as mainly a
779:Eminescu și catolicismul
695:Saint Thérèse of Lisieux
666:. His main interest was
616:. According to linguist
578:affiliated with the pro-
565:
411:. Hefter-Hidalgo, whose
98:1859 merger into Romania
73:Saint Thérèse of Lisieux
2251:Romanian schoolteachers
2126:Christian hagiographers
2121:Romanian travel writers
2106:Romanian male novelists
2096:Romanian male essayists
1892:De vorbă cu trecutul...
1792:Lovinescu, pp. 117, 118
1630:, Issue 12/1933, p. 478
1141:Călinescu, pp. 684, 705
409:La croisade des infants
84:Origins and early years
2086:20th-century essayists
1599:, Issue 5/1930, p. 191
1313:Călinescu, pp. 684–685
829:Eminescu și Alecsandri
803:Bucharest Catholic See
676:Al. Lascarov-Moldovanu
656:comparative literature
646:'s Romanian School in
570:After the outbreak of
189:, using the pen names
2191:Romanian anthologists
1928:pe anul 1922-23", in
1825:, Issue 1/1935, p. 11
1648:, Issue 9/1935, p. 10
1555:, Issue 6/1945, p. 16
1545:Setea liniștei eterne
1075:, Vol. 1, 2007, p. 97
1024:Setea liniștei eterne
860:Setea liniștei eterne
848:Renunțările luminoase
799:French Third Republic
660:Fernand Baldensperger
542:, and by Stamatiad's
444:Gheorghe Bogdan-Duică
253:Alfred Hefter-Hidalgo
251:. He was seconded by
133:Roman Catholic Church
110:French Foreign Legion
44:Alfred Hefter-Hidalgo
26:; March 31 [
2176:Romanian translators
2136:Romanian biographers
1985:, Bucharest, 2011.
1983:Editura Curtea Veche
1877:, Bucharest, 2007.
1745:"Documente literare"
1644:"Două recenzii", in
1198:Straje, pp. 257, 589
596:Grigore Alexandrescu
544:Grădina Hesperidelor
346:Alexandru Macedonski
320:Constantin T. Stoika
2116:Symbolist novelists
2111:Christian novelists
2066:Romanian male poets
1390:Mitchievici, p. 146
1352:Mitchievici, p. 145
1331:Mitchievici, p. 144
883:Constantin Ciopraga
875:Păstorel Teodoreanu
833:Convingeri literare
795:enforced secularism
697:smiled upon him in
652:College of Sorbonne
626:Romanian literature
531:Noua Revistă Română
316:Dragoș Protopopescu
2091:Romanian essayists
1975:Angelo Mitchievici
1750:2018-02-18 at the
1709:2012-03-11 at the
1106:Călinescu, p. 1017
1009:Rașcu's religious
986:Orașele dezamăgite
964:Alexandru Gherghel
691:Abbey of La Trappe
654:, specializing in
650:. He attended the
648:Fontenay-aux-Roses
588:Unirea High School
560:Orașele dezamăgite
464:Garabet Ibrăileanu
122:University of Iași
2201:Writers from Iași
1991:978-606-588-133-4
1883:978-973-23-1911-6
1875:Cartea Românească
1863:, Bucharest, 1986
1841:"Cronica măruntă"
1774:Lovinescu, p. 117
1700:Gheorghe Grigurcu
1660:Călinescu, p. 705
1628:Arhivele Olteniei
1591:"Cronica măruntă"
1552:Universul Literar
1340:Cernat, pp. 55–57
1226:Călinescu, p. 684
1045:Călinescu, p. 706
990:Georges Rodenbach
984:clichés"; in his
960:Eugeniu Sperantia
856:Editura Cugetarea
825:Vasile Alecsandri
727:, but usually as
512:Decadent movement
377:Sub cupole de vis
332:Alexandru Vițianu
296:Eugeniu Sperantia
292:Nicolae Budurescu
215:Alexandru Bădărău
203:I. Ieronim-Cimbru
129:Romanian Orthodox
69:travel literature
2268:
2028:Scriitori români
1940:Revista Istorică
1938:, "Cronică", in
1906:
1853:George Călinescu
1839:
1826:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1761:
1757:România Literară
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
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1716:România Literară
1698:
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1642:
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1609:Vladimir Streinu
1606:
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1587:Nichifor Crainic
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1437:Viața Romînească
1432:
1426:
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1117:Legea Românească
1113:
1107:
1104:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1060:
1057:
1046:
1043:
885:in the magazine
867:communist regime
756:Vladimir Streinu
737:Nichifor Crainic
672:National Library
576:Versuri și Proză
492:Versuri și Proză
468:Mihail Sadoveanu
459:Versuri și Proză
452:Versuri și Proză
448:Versuri și Proză
421:Remy de Gourmont
417:Versuri și Proză
365:Vasile Demetrius
280:Al. T. Stamatiad
276:Benjamin Fondane
264:Versuri și Proză
233:Versuri și Proză
222:Versuri și Proză
199:I. Rașcu-Ieronim
191:I. Cimbru-Frăgar
157:George Călinescu
106:Costache Aristia
92:, he settled in
49:Versuri și Proză
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2071:Symbolist poets
2041:
2040:
2009:Mihail Straje,
1946:Eugen Lovinescu
1924:, "Comunicări.
1904:
1888:Mihail Cruceanu
1861:Editura Minerva
1837:
1834:
1829:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1805:, Issue 48/2008
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
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1760:, Issue 46/2009
1752:Wayback Machine
1737:
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1719:, Issue 38/2009
1711:Wayback Machine
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1049:
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1037:
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995:Bruges-la-Morte
947:cosmopolitanism
939:Demostene Botez
919:Eugen Lovinescu
914:
902:Editura Minerva
811:
721:Christian novel
709:
689:monastery, the
614:Bucura Dumbravă
600:Romantic poetry
568:
413:Romanian Jewish
312:Mihail Codreanu
288:Claudia Millian
268:Mihail Cruceanu
260:Ovid Densusianu
225:
86:
81:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2274:
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2108:
2103:
2098:
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2078:
2076:Catholic poets
2073:
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2039:
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2007:
1993:
1972:
1960:
1943:
1933:
1919:
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1885:
1864:
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1833:
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1807:
1794:
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1776:
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1741:Al. Săndulescu
1730:
1721:
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1569:
1557:
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1408:Straje, p. 590
1401:
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913:
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879:Barbu Solacolu
810:
807:
708:
703:
668:Mihai Eminescu
610:Vrancea County
567:
564:
508:Frank Wedekind
457:In actuality,
440:August Scriban
425:Stuart Merrill
357:Cezar Petrescu
342:George Bacovia
308:Barbu Solacolu
224:
219:
137:Vladimir Ghika
85:
82:
80:
77:
65:Mihai Eminescu
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:973-8294-72-X
2002:
1998:
1995:Tudor Opriș,
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1963:Adrian Marino
1961:
1959:
1958:973-21-0159-8
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1936:Nicolae Iorga
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:"I. M. Rașcu"
1909:
1905:(in Romanian)
1903:
1901:
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1876:
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1838:(in Romanian)
1836:
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1815:(in Romanian)
1811:
1804:
1798:
1789:
1783:Vianu, p. 386
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1738:(in Romanian)
1734:
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1708:
1705:
1701:
1697:(in Romanian)
1693:
1687:Iorga, p. 374
1684:
1675:
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1637:
1629:
1623:
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1584:(in Romanian)
1580:
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1540:
1539:Adrian Marino
1536:(in Romanian)
1532:
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1516:
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1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1487:
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1474:
1467:Iordan, p. 53
1464:
1458:Iordan, p. 52
1455:
1446:
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1438:
1431:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1364:Ion Cazaban,
1358:
1349:
1347:
1337:
1328:
1322:Cernat, p. 55
1319:
1310:
1301:
1295:Cernat, p. 34
1292:
1283:
1277:Cernat, p. 49
1274:
1272:
1262:
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1168:
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1132:Cernat, p. 17
1129:
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1103:
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1019:Adrian Marino
1016:
1015:Saint Thérèse
1012:
1007:
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965:
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948:
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936:
935:Ștefan Petică
932:
928:
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912:Literary work
909:
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888:
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880:
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834:
831:). The essay
830:
826:
822:
821:
820:Gând Românesc
816:
813:In 1936, the
806:
804:
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792:
788:
787:Western canon
784:
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764:
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707:
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699:Ville-d'Avray
696:
692:
688:
683:
682:("Unrests").
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:Nicolae Iorga
640:
638:
637:Șincai Lyceum
634:
631:According to
629:
627:
623:
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522:
516:
513:
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504:Expressionist
501:
497:
493:
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473:
472:Octav Băncilă
469:
465:
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430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
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405:Marcel Schwob
402:
401:
396:
395:Albert Samain
392:
391:Tristan Tzara
388:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:
362:
361:F. Brunea-Fox
358:
354:
351:
347:
343:
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329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
300:Tudor Arghezi
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:Ion Minulescu
281:
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261:
256:
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200:
196:
192:
188:
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180:
176:
172:
171:
170:fin de siècle
165:
162:
161:Adrian Marino
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
114:1848 upheaval
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
57:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2027:
2010:
1996:
1978:
1966:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1925:
1922:Iorgu Iordan
1915:
1908:Virgil Huzum
1891:
1870:
1856:
1844:
1822:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1755:
1733:
1724:
1714:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1645:
1627:
1622:
1612:
1604:
1594:
1550:
1544:
1515:
1510:Huzum, p. 30
1486:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1435:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1369:
1357:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1194:
1185:
1180:Opriș, p. 23
1176:
1171:Cernat, p. 7
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1080:
1072:
1059:Huzum, p. 26
1023:
1008:
993:
985:
978:Secessionist
971:
957:
950:
915:
905:
897:
893:
891:
886:
871:Leonte Răutu
864:
859:
858:put out his
852:World War II
847:
845:
840:
832:
828:
818:
812:
778:
774:
762:
760:
743:
741:
732:
728:
724:
712:
710:
705:
684:
679:
641:
633:Virgil Huzum
630:
622:chrestomathy
618:Iorgu Iordan
603:
575:
569:
559:
543:
539:
535:
529:
519:
517:
491:
487:
479:
476:Eugen Relgis
458:
456:
451:
447:
437:
433:Pierre Louÿs
429:Gustave Kahn
416:
408:
398:
380:
376:
369:
335:
328:Felix Aderca
324:Perpessicius
304:Adrian Maniu
272:N. Davidescu
263:
257:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
226:
221:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
174:
168:
166:
126:
87:
60:
58:
47:
23:
19:
18:
2056:1971 deaths
2051:1890 births
2024:Tudor Vianu
1867:Paul Cernat
1817:P. I. G. ,
1362:(in French)
1011:itineraries
982:Art Nouveau
973:Vieața Nouă
927:Tudor Vianu
771:prose poems
735:ideologist
664:Paul Hazard
584:Francophile
572:World War I
521:Vieața Nouă
500:Simultanism
213:, owned by
175:Spre Lumină
141:Paul Cernat
96:before its
36:comparatist
20:I. M. Rașcu
2081:Sonneteers
2045:Categories
1832:References
1823:Vestitorul
1121:Vestitorul
1119:, II", in
943:Wallachian
809:Later life
717:Mia Frollo
446:dismissed
372:Poporanist
350:modernists
247:, or just
195:I. Ieronim
931:Moldavian
791:salvation
773:, called
748:Lamartine
744:Îndreptar
713:Îndreptar
706:Îndreptar
680:Neliniști
526:Bucharest
488:Absolutio
484:Isac Ludo
400:Polyphème
387:Bucharest
183:Aromanian
145:Theosophy
102:Wallachia
79:Biography
61:Îndreptar
32:Symbolist
24:Ion Rașcu
1900:82865987
1846:Gândirea
1748:Archived
1707:Archived
1596:Gândirea
1004:academic
923:asthenia
892:His own
733:Gândirea
687:Trappist
605:Gândirea
506:work of
496:Futurism
382:Simbolul
237:M. Zopir
187:Duminica
118:Odobești
94:Moldavia
2036:7431692
2019:8994172
1543:"Note.
887:Cronica
817:review
797:of the
775:Vibrări
767:Lisieux
752:Gautier
729:Evandru
592:Focșani
580:Entente
536:Avântul
229:Versuri
207:Evandru
90:Picardy
2034:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1956:
1898:
1881:
1423:passim
1419:passim
1000:tropes
937:, and
877:, and
725:I.M.R.
556:Bârlad
554:, and
552:Tecuci
548:Brăila
480:Fronda
470:, and
363:, and
241:I.M.R.
211:Opinia
179:sonnet
153:occult
149:heresy
1914:, in
1843:, in
1821:, in
1803:Verso
1754:, in
1713:, in
1593:, in
1549:, in
1368:, in
1031:Notes
898:Poeme
566:1920s
540:Farul
337:Plumb
151:, or
46:, of
2032:OCLC
2015:OCLC
2001:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1896:OCLC
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980:and
962:and
952:târg
827:(as
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662:and
582:and
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