22:
43:
438:, that would highlight the contribution leading up to events in June 1944. The exhibition, D-day: Interception, Intelligence, Invasion, details the preparations for the landings and reveals Jones’s essential interpretation and cataloguing system for the massive amounts of data from the team that was intercepting intelligence after cracking coded messages from the Germans using the
282:"The intelligence that has emanated from you before and during this campaign has been of priceless value to me. It has simplified my task as commander enormously. It has saved thousands of British and American lives and, in no small way, has contributed to the speed with which the enemy was routed and eventually forced to surrender."
445:
Peronel
Craddock, Head of Collections and Exhibitions at Bletchley Park offered this comment in an interview: "We really can say that Jones, by leading his team inside Hut 3, was at least equally important to Turing in this part of the story. And there we are talking about someone recently declared
385:
Initially there were only four people in Hut 3, and there were serious personal frictions between them. They were the original leader, Lieutenant-Commander
Malcolm Saunders, Squadron Leader Robert Humphreys (senior liaison officer with the Air Force), Captain Curtis (senior liaison officer with the
421:
The Air Index had “hundreds of thousands” of cards about 5 by 9 inches; so important that they were photographed and stored in the underground stack of the
Bodleian Library in Oxford in case they were destroyed by bombing. Run by “about two dozen girls” and a man who was a “strange genius”, it had
324:
Initially, there were serious personal frictions between the four main people. They were the original leader, Lieutenant-Commander
Malcolm Saunders, Squadron Leader Robert Humphreys (senior liaison officer with the Air Force), Captain Curtis (senior liaison officer with the War Office, who knew no
291:
The "German Army and Air Force Enigma
Reporting Section" was set up in January 1940. That name, however, was soon dropped in favour of "Hut 3" as a description both of the location and of the functions and this was retained when, in February 1943 it moved into Block D. These became very much more
417:
The rules of interpretation for Hut 3 were that if the text was not explicit the Hut 3 officer could not add his interpretation without qualification; for a 1944 SS Panzer message where the placename had been missed or corrupted when received, the officer did not say simply “Dreux” but would say
882:
Jones was sent in to investigate and wrote a report recognising there needed to be a multi-services approach. It is a report that won the war in many ways," said Kenyon. "They asked him to stay on to implement his findings and then from around
October and November they started to gear up for an
373:
The Enigma “Red” cypher was the main cypher used by the
Luftwaffe in every theatre where they operated. Red had been broken sporadically from the beginning of 1940, and from 22 May BP overcame some changes to the Enigma machines. From then on, Hut 6 broke Red daily to the end of the war, and it
364:
and the
Signals Intelligence and Traffic Analysis group – known as "SIXTA" – moved to a new brick building, Block D, in February 1943. The decoded messages from Hut 6 for Hut 3, which previously had been sent in a tray via a wooden tunnel between the huts, were then sent by a conveyor belt that
348:
that, in July 1942, Saunders, Humphreys and Curtis were moved out of Hut 3, and Jones was promoted to Group
Captain and put in sole charge. Just over a year later, H. S. Marchant was made deputy to Jones, and the pair were in charge until the end of the war. There were a number of sections: Air
325:
German), and
Cambridge academic F. L. Lucas who had been in the Intelligence Corps in World War I. Humphreys was “an excellent German linguist, but no team player”. He wanted to get his own way and found this difficult to do, if only because Saunders had a mind of his own.
300:
It was not a matter of receiving messages and translating them; it was a matter of receiving material which was nearly always more or less imperfect, often incomplete, rarely intelligible with ease, and at its worst totally meaningless to even the best German
390:
who had been in the Intelligence Corps in World War I. Humphreys was “an excellent German linguist, but no team player. He wanted to get his own way. He found this difficult to do if only because Saunders had a mind of his own.
403:
in charge. As this did not work, Jones was made sole head in July 1942. Just over a year after he took over, H. S. Marchant was made his deputy, and the pair were in charge to the end of the war.”
414:. By the end of the war there were about 40 SLUs to 40 commands. Signals were given a priority from Z to ZZZZZ (the highest of 5), and about 100,000 signals were sent to commands during the war
254:
and multiple other sources. Hut 3 thus became an intelligence agency in its own right, providing information of great strategic value, but rarely of operational use. Group Captain
581:
A photograph of the Officers of 3A in 1943 or 1944 names them as: Labertouche, Brooke, Faure, Newton-John, Haskins, Bragg, Ware, Squire, Calvocoressi, van Norden, Harrow, Myers,
231:
422:
cards for every individual, unit, place or equipment so that any previous reference to (say) Major So-and-So could be found. There were two card indexes, 3A & 3M.
1283:
321:
document in The National Archives (HW3/119) for his 2019 book "Bletchley Park and D-Day: The Untold Story of How the Battle for Normandy Was Won".
418:“slight indications Dreux” or “fair indications Dreux” or “strong indications Dreux”. They could also add glosses preceded by the word “Comment”.
317:, Research Historian at Bletchley Park has been able to access a number of unpublished sources, in particular "The History of Hut Three", a
349:
Section "3A", Military Section "3M", a small Naval Section "3N", a multi-service Research Section "3G" and a large liaison section "3L".
1118:
The information from this source cited in this article is often in turn cited from a document “The History of Hut Three” an unpublished
214:
292:
than just the translation, interpretation and distribution of German Army and Air Force Enigma messages deciphered by Hut 6. As
1123:
259:
1196:
1178:
1112:
1070:
344:(speaking with "Cheshire vowels") for 20 years before joining up in 1940. His report so impressed the Director of GC&CS
1139:
1273:
967:
Cripps, John (2011). "Chapter 14: Mihailović or Tito: How the Codebreakers Helped Churchill Choose". In Erskine, Ralph;
1166:
980:
968:
912:
Eric Jones is finally to be unmasked as the 'king of calm' in Hut 3 who channelled the work of the wartime codebreakers
1218:
1091:
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865:
29:
rebuilt by Bletchley Park Trust. After the Hut 3 functions moved into Block D this building was renumbered Hut 23.
395:
described the situation as 'an imbroglio of conflicting jealousies, intrigues and differing opinions'. Initially
382:
wrote that later in the war “we in Hut 3 would get a bit tetchy if Hut 6 had not broken Red by breakfast time.”
1234:
434:
was revealed by historian David Kenyon, preliminary to an exhibition starting on 2019 the anniversary of
271:
207:
70:
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Rodney Bax, an Intelligence Corps captain in the Fusion Room (briefly married to Christine Brooke-Rose).
1228:
consisting of a 1986 paper written by Welchman that corrects his misapprehensions in the 1982 edition.
582:
467:― Hut 3 translators' jest, on receiving a decrypted Enigma signal in unusually straightforward German.
329:
described the situation as "an imbroglio of conflicting jealousies, intrigues and differing opinions".
238:
during World War II. It retained the name for its functions when it moved into Block D. It produced
655:
Cheetham, Thomas (Spring 2024). "From Classics Scholar to Intelligence Officer: FL 'Peter' Lucas".
489:
637:
1278:
574:
411:
200:
132:
80:
442:. "Jones’s skill at putting together all the information coming in was crucial", said Kenyon.
313:("SIGINT") data from multiple sources and producing an outgoing flood of useful intelligence.
258:
led this activity from 1943 and after the war became deputy director, and in 1952 director of
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239:
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512:, head of the Research Section from July 1942; head of the History Section, from June 1945
8:
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to investigate the problem. He had worked as a businessman in the textile industry in
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1108:
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989:
Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer
976:
1001:
553:
534:
1151:"The peripheral and central indexes at Bletchley Park during the Second World War"
1206:
1105:
Bletchley Park and D-Day: The Untold Story of How the Battle for Normandy Was Won
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515:
Ralph Bennett, Major (later professor of history at Magdalene College Cambridge)
267:
110:
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247:
235:
117:
50:
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Reginald (Gerry) Bragg, translator (Director of Birmingham Polytechnic 1971).
430:
In April 2019, additional information about the work of the Hut 3 team led by
1267:
1249:
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558:
396:
392:
345:
326:
251:
1173:, Pan Grand Strategy Series (Pan Books ed.), London: Pan McMillan Ltd,
1100:
333:
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127:
509:
387:
293:
122:
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100:
26:
896:"Unsung Bletchley Park hero whose role in D-day was equal to Turing's"
866:"Unsung Bletchley Park hero whose role in D-day was equal to Turing's"
747:
638:"Historic Eisenhower letter praising code breakers goes on display"
341:
164:
399:
moved the three out of Hut 3 and put a small committee including
21:
459:
Warum denn so einfach? Können Sie es nicht komplizierter machen?
492:, deputy head from 1943 (later Ambassador to Cuba and Tunisia)
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was distributed by the SLUs (Special Liaison Units) set up by
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The name “Hut 3” was retained when its functions and those of
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Brinley "Bryn" Newton-John from Wales, father of singer
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War Office, who knew no German), and Cambridge academic
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537:, WAAF officer who worked on translating and indexing
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16:
Part of Second World War UK government cypher school
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577:, until he moved back to London in winter 1939-40
309:in June 1944 Hut 3 was synthesising a torrent of
1265:
1002:https://bletchleypark.org.uk/roll-of-honour/1479
554:https://bletchleypark.org.uk/roll-of-honour/1052
266:Supreme Commander of Allied forces wrote to Sir
1213:, Cleobury Mortimer, England: M&M Baldwin,
1024:
1171:Station X: The Codebreakers of Bletchley Park
232:Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS)
208:
1211:The Hut Six story: Breaking the Enigma codes
1078:
1063:Secret Days: Code-breaking in Bletchley Park
585:, Manners-Wood, Rose, Cullingham, Millward.
215:
201:
1284:Buildings and structures in Milton Keynes
975:. Biteback Publishing. pp. 217–239.
1205:
789:
654:
486:Eric Malcolm Jones, head from April 1943
20:
446:by the BBC as Britain’s leading icon".
1266:
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1099:
1065:, Barnsley, England: Frontline Books,
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483:Malcolm Saunders, the original head
13:
1149:Nelson, Eric L. (September 2018),
819:Briggs (2011) pp.9, 76, 91-92, 136
14:
1295:
1132:The Secret Life of Bletchley Park
987:(Updated and extended version of
828:Calvocoressi (1980) pp.60-61, 86f
855:Calvocoressi (1980) pp.61-2, 116
453:
374:became the “constant staple” of
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659:(21). Bletchley Park Trust: 11.
1000:Bletchley Park Roll of Honour
657:Ultra: Bletchley Park Magazine
648:
630:
561:, moved to the Naval section,
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1:
756:, pp. 9, 76, 91–92, 136.
588:
472:F. L. Lucas (Hut 3 1939-45),
1224:New edition updated with an
837:Calvocoressi (1980) p60, 127
549:Oscar Oeser, Wing Commander
449:
425:
368:
7:
1124:The National Archives (TNA)
571:, journalist and campaigner
272:Secret Intelligence Service
10:
1300:
1274:Cryptography organizations
1189:The Debs of Bletchley Park
1045:Calvocoressi (1980) p54-55
1107:, Yale University Press,
506:, head of the Air Section
36:The Enigma cipher machine
1130:McKay, Sinclair (2010).
1031:"Pamela Rose obituary".
801:Calvacoressi (1980) p.70
490:Herbert Stanley Marchant
262:. In July 1945, General
1191:. London: Aurum Press.
1187:Smith, Michael (2015).
1134:. London: Aurum Press.
1086:, London: Cassell Ltd,
883:invasion at some point.
565:; (later a historian)
270:, Chief of the British
1122:typescript that is in
768:, pp. 78, 81, 83.
575:Frederick Winterbotham
412:Frederick Winterbotham
303:
284:
30:
1012:Welchman (1982) p.134
927:, 3rd edn. 2012, p.26
499:Christine Brooke-Rose
336:sent Squadron Leader
298:
280:
246:from the decrypts of
240:military intelligence
230:was a section of the
24:
1250:51.99766°N 0.74208°W
957:Briggs (2011) p.15-6
810:Briggs (2011) p.91-2
311:signals intelligence
264:Dwight D. Eisenhower
81:Polish Cipher Bureau
1246: /
1080:Calvocoressi, Peter
1035:. 10 November 2021.
1033:The Daily Telegraph
528:Donald A. Camfield
510:F. L. (Peter) Lucas
406:Army and Air Force
1255:51.99766; -0.74208
1021:Briggs (2011) p.52
991:Bantam Press 2001)
948:, pp. 13–138.
936:Briggs (2011) p.92
846:Briggs (2011) p.90
708:, pp. 91, 92.
545:Olivia Newton-John
504:Peter Calvocoressi
432:Eric Malcolm Jones
332:Early in 1942 the
256:Eric Malcolm Jones
31:
1198:978 1 78131 388 6
1180:978-0-330-41929-1
1114:978-0-300-24357-4
1072:978-1-84832-615-6
627:, pp. 73–75.
480:
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476:, 3rd edn. 2012
365:“never stopped”.
294:F L 'Peter' Lucas
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1103:(16 July 2019),
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519:John Cairncross
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305:By the time of
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268:Stewart Menzies
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111:Zygalski sheets
71:Breaking Enigma
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1279:Bletchley Park
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1167:Smith, Michael
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902:. 7 April 2019
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872:. 7 April 2019
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790:Welchman 1997
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904:. Retrieved
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874:. Retrieved
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620:
608:
596:
580:
473:
458:
444:
429:
420:
416:
405:
384:
380:Calvocoressi
372:
351:
334:Air Ministry
331:
323:
315:David Kenyon
304:
299:
290:
281:
275:
227:
226:
142:
18:
1253: /
1161:(3): 95–101
1155:The Indexer
1059:Briggs, Asa
778:Briggs 2011
766:Kenyon 2019
754:Briggs 2011
742:Kenyon 2019
718:Briggs 2011
706:Briggs 2011
694:Kenyon 2019
682:Kenyon 2019
670:Kenyon 2019
625:Kenyon 2019
613:Kenyon 2019
601:Kenyon 2019
388:F. L. Lucas
287:Development
128:Herivel tip
123:Banburismus
1268:Categories
1238:51°59′52″N
946:Smith 2007
730:McKay 2010
589:References
401:Eric Jones
338:Eric Jones
276:inter alia
242:codenamed
101:Cyclometer
27:blast wall
1241:0°44′31″W
1209:(1997) ,
1169:(2007) ,
450:Personnel
426:Accolades
369:Operation
1226:addendum
1126:HW3/119.
1082:(1980),
1061:(2011),
971:(eds.).
900:Guardian
870:Guardian
642:BBC News
569:Jim Rose
342:Cheshire
301:scholar.
165:PC Bruno
906:8 April
876:8 April
179:Related
86:Doubles
1217:
1195:
1177:
1138:
1111:
1090:
1069:
979:
583:Pilley
525:agent
397:Travis
248:Enigma
925:Style
563:Hut 8
474:Style
436:D-Day
408:Ultra
376:ULTRA
362:Hut 8
358:Hut 6
354:Hut 4
307:D-Day
252:Tunny
244:Ultra
228:Hut 3
188:Ultra
170:Cadix
158:Hut 8
153:Hut 6
148:Hut 4
143:Hut 3
138:Bombe
106:Bomba
96:Clock
91:Grill
1215:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1136:ISBN
1120:GCHQ
1109:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1067:ISBN
977:ISBN
908:2019
878:2019
319:GCHQ
296:said
260:GCHQ
133:Crib
523:KGB
234:at
1270::
1159:36
1157:,
1153:,
910:.
898:.
880:.
868:.
640:,
521:,
461:"
378:.
360:,
356:,
278::
250:,
1201:.
1144:.
985:.
684:.
457:"
216:e
209:t
202:v
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