547:
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515:, organized by North Korean authorities, denounced the allegations and claimed that the corroborating documents had been forged. Shin Eon-sang, South Korea's Assistant Minister for Unification Policy, stated that "he authenticity of the evidence is difficult to assess" because North Korean defectors' "claims are in most cases exaggerated." Kwon's account was also questioned by the
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for as long as they had the strength. Dr. Kim, a chemist who led these experiments before defecting from North Korea, confirmed these reports and stated that the experiments' purposes included observing the poison gas's effects on victims' mental state and determining how much gas would be needed to
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experiments, in which three or four people, normally a family, are the experimental subjects. After the people undergo medical checks, the chambers are sealed and poison is injected through a tube, while scientists observe from above through glass. In a report reminiscent of an earlier account of a
485:
Lee described an experiment in which 50 healthy female prisoners were selected and given poisoned cabbage leaves. All of the women were required to eat the cabbage, despite cries of distress from those who had already eaten. All 50 died after 20 minutes of vomiting blood and anal bleeding. Refusing
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Kwon's testimony was supported by documents from Camp 22 describing the transfer of prisoners designated for the experiments; the documents were identified as genuine by Kim Sang-hun, a London-based expert on Korea and human rights activist. Toxicologist
364:
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told them not to talk about North Korean human experimentation to avoid harming South Korea's relations with North Korea, and harassed them and denied them passports when they refused.
473:. Lee's accounts have been questioned by Chang In-suk, former head of the North Korean Defectors’ Association in Seoul, as well as a number of former North Korean citizens on
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family of seven, Kwon claims to have watched one family of two parents, a son and a daughter die from suffocating gas, with the parents trying to save the children using
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based in South Korea, which argued he had never served in a political prison and had no access to the information he claimed. Kwon and Kim claim that the South Korean
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stated that Kim's testimony is detailed and scientifically accurate enough that it is likely to be true. A press conference in
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459:(published in 1999) she recounted witnessing two instances of lethal human experimentation. An episode of the
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Former prison guard Ahn Myung-chul has reported that young doctors practice surgeries on prisoners without
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in North Korea has been described by several North Korean defectors, including former prisoner
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to eat the cabbage would allegedly have meant reprisals against them and their families.
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Soon Ok Lee, "Testimony of Ms. Soon Ok Lee", Hearings & Meetings,
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and former prisoners. They have described suffocation of prisoners in
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Kwon Hyok, who has stated he was a former head of security at
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who believed that Lee's accounts were "unlikely to be true".
949:. March 30, 2004. Archived from the original on 2005-10-28
896:, published February 18, 2007, last modified April 2012,
628:"Revealed: the gas chamber horror of North Korea's gulag"
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Yi, Joseph; Phillips, Joe; Lee, Wondong (October 2019).
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Unethical human experimentation in the United States
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890:"Holocaust Now: Looking Down Into Hell at Camp 22"
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966:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
922:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
1008:"Prisoners Used for Medical Operation Practice"
684:United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
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1129:Human subject research by country
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816:Song, Jiyoung (13 October 2015).
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789:"Death, terror in N. Korea gulag"
561:Illicit activities of North Korea
654:The Hidden Gulag, Second Edition
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120:Songbun (ascribed social status)
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981:Song, Jiyoung (2 August 2015).
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96:Kwanliso (concentration camps)
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521:National Intelligence Service
221:Re-education camps (Kyohwaso)
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456:Eyes of the Tailless Animals
375:List of human rights reports
370:Balloon propaganda campaigns
164:Political prisons (Kwanliso)
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920:, an official organ of the
764:"Auschwitz Under Our Noses"
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418:is an issue raised by some
52:Human rights in North Korea
28:Human rights in North Korea
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947:Korean Central News Agency
861:10.1007/s12115-019-00404-2
594:Toul Sleng Genocide Museum
584:Nazi human experimentation
503:kill everyone in an area.
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202:Sunghori (No. 26 - closed)
192:Hoeryong (No. 22 - closed)
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481:Testing of deadly poisons
453:and in her prison memoir
365:United Nations COI Report
284:Tanchon (No. 77 - closed)
150:Persecution of Christians
112:Kippumjo (Pleasure Squad)
207:Onsong (No. 12 - closed)
690:September 22, 2008, at
357:South Korea Law of 2016
334:International reactions
177:Yodok (No. 15 - closed)
1124:Torture in North Korea
983:"Unreliable witnesses"
420:North Korean defectors
362:UNGA Resolution 62/167
1020:January 20, 2013, at
774:October 23, 2010, at
705:"Within prison walls"
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279:Oro (No. 22 - closed)
145:Human experimentation
1016:, January 18, 2006,
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770:, February 4, 2004,
711:, January 30, 2004,
430:and surgery without
345:Japanese Law of 2006
768:The Washington Post
739:"Human guinea pigs"
638:March 14, 2018, at
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306:Abductions and POWs
78:Freedom of religion
46:Human rights abuses
21:Part of a series on
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632:Guardian Unlimited
553:North Korea portal
517:Yonhap News Agency
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745:, July 28, 2004,
737:Olenka Frenkiel,
715:May 25, 2012, at
703:Olenka Frenkiel,
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527:Other experiments
426:, testing deadly
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274:Chongori (No. 12)
269:Chungsan (No. 11)
197:Chongjin (No. 25)
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348: [
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992:12 January
953:2005-12-13
874:12 January
855:(5): 496.
828:12 January
611:References
533:anesthesia
466:This World
432:anesthesia
135:Executions
83:Disability
73:Corruption
60:Censorship
869:203069756
824:. NK News
665:, 2012),
513:Pyongyang
1018:archived
1013:Daily NK
962:cite web
926:archived
898:archived
797:archived
793:NBC News
772:archived
747:archived
743:BBC News
713:archived
709:BBC News
688:archived
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636:archived
573:Unit 731
539:See also
471:NBC News
294:Hoeryong
849:Society
575:, Japan
491:Camp 22
438:Sources
125:Slavery
91:Prisons
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140:Racism
865:S2CID
475:NKnet
352:]
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994:2022
968:link
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857:doi
535:.
461:BBC
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