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section of buildings which may have held a wide variety of goods in temporary storage for more immediate uses; and 4), the largest group, which was devoted to long-term storage of various food stuffs and other goods in technologically specialized facilities. Storage was very diverse among crops, for example, root crops were placed in the middle of layers of straw, bound into bales with rope and stored in rectangular structures, while maize was stored shelled, in large jars which were put in circular storehouses with stone floors. Highland root crops made up for 50-80% of the space, while maize made up for 5-7%.
54:
333:
235:, the concept where buildings and spaces are intended to reinforce the image of the empire's might. At Huánuco Pampa the immense rectangular plaza measured 550m by 350m which is more than 19 hectares (47 acres). The pyramidal platform that was invariably erected in the center of the plaza or to one side of it was a stage from which officials could preside over state ceremonies. The imperial highway typically took a southeast-to-northwest passage through the plaza, just as it did in Cusco.
47:
76:
27:
264:, passes through Huánuco Pampa. The Qhapaq Ñan and other roads in Wanuku Pampa featured extended paved surfaces, paved staircases, stone drainage channels, retention walls, bridges and causeways. In some areas, the Qhapaq Ñan was 15 m (49 ft) wide and one paved staircase was 16 m (52 ft) wide, while two roads ran parallel along some stretches.
323:
When it came to for ceremonies or other large event where people would come into the land for a set amount of time, it was not rare to find Inca art work. One of the more commonly used items at ceremonies were the pottery items. Textiles and metals were important to the Inca civilization, but pottery
558:
Tres relaciones de antigüedades peruanas: Publícalas el
Ministerio de fomento. [Inh.:] Santillan, Fernando de: Relacion del orígen, descendencia, política y gobierno de los incas. (S. 1 - 133.) Relacion de las costumbres antiguas de los naturales del Pirú. Anónima. (S. 135 - 227.) Pachacuti,
400:
The influx of supplies at Huánuco Pampa was quite uneven. Famine or breakdown in the socio-political mechanisms that assured delivery may have complicated normal seasonal variations. The demand for goods was also in constant fluctuation. Large scale storage was crucial for keeping up a city such as
721:
Lane, K.J. "Plazas, Palaces and
Peripheries in Ancient Peru the Huanuco Pampa Archaeological Project, Volume 1: the Plaza and Palace Complex Craig Morris, R. Alan Covey & Pat Stein (ed.); Frontier Life in Ancient Peru: the Archaeology of Cerro La Cruz Melissa A. Vogel." Antiquity Oxford. 87.337
211:
to Quito, passed through Huánuco Pampa. The Inca authorities in Huánuco ruled at least five, and perhaps more, ethnic groups. The city is situated on an important commercial trade route and sits on top of a plateau with ravines on all sides in order to allow easy defense of the city. During the
396:
masonry, just as the residential districts. The groups of storehouses included: 1) a small zone of storehouses which may have held the stores, of the Sun, the state religion; 2) minor groups of single storehouses apparently devoted to special shrines or ceremonial activities; 3) an ill-defined
238:
The city covered about 2 km, within which more than 4,000 buildings were erected. Pathways radiate out through architectural sectors from the plaza, so that the city can easily be divided up to 12 parts. Dr. Eduard Craig Morris believes that this design may have been a reflection of the
307:
is made up of fifteen structures which open to the central courtyard and serve multiple purposes. There are houses, baths made of Inca style masonry, terraces, sunken gardens, pools and possibly a temple, which may have never been completely finished before the city was abandoned.
324:
is what made the Inca's art work stand out. The Cusco-style polychrome pottery work is the archaeological hallmark of Inca presence. Pottery was especially important in ceremonies and would not be used during everyday tasks or by ethnic groups on a regular bases.
320:. The gates of the ushnu are made of stone sculptures which may symbolize pairs of pumas. The ushnu is found at several other Inca sites and may have been used by important leaders for public events of political, administrative or ceremonial natures.
359:
Ethnic groups moved in and out of the land constantly, because of ceremonies and duties, there is no real large group that have called the land home. However, archeological evidence suggests that one important group of permanent residents were the
239:
relationships among the ethnic groups of the area. Much of the occupants of the land were not there to live permanently but rather many of them went in and out of the area to fulfill their duties or participate in ceremonial functions.
388:(storehouses) and 30 processing and administration buildings. The city may have been an extremely important redistributive center supplying the provincial villages of the area it administered with the products of other regions.
315:
is the main central plaza which is a solid platform constructed out of
Imperial Inca style masonry. There are two smaller buildings on the east side of the lower terrace which may have been used for ceremonies performed on the
1045:
367:
It was at Huáanuco Pampa where the first conquerors founded a city in 1539 which due to the coldness of the climate was then transferred to the pleasant and temperate Pillco valley that lies on the
Huallaga River.
272:
The ceremonial sections of Huánuco Pampa display rare, finely cut and fitted, Imperial Inca style masonry and appear as unusual building types. Most of the eastern part of the city is occupied by the
564:... en el templo del Cuzco, había doncellas de todas las naciones y principalmente de tres, á saber: del Cuzco y su territorio, de las Chachapoyas, y de las de Pillco, que agora llaman Guánuco.
352:, which to a European, appears just as an army barrack. Many Inca people lived in rectangular houses with trapezoidally-shaped niches in the interior walls. All of these houses are built from
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855:
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288:, one must pass through gates made of high quality Imperial Inca style masonry with figures and carved pumas on either side and the connecting walls are constructed from
1920:
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administered their large empire through a small number of administrative centers, such as Huánuco Pampa. The administrative centers were linked by the extensive
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masonry rather than cut and fitted stones. These large buildings may have functioned as barracks, counting houses or a variety of other purposes.
1095:
860:
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212:
Spanish conquest of the Incas, Huánuco Pampa was briefly occupied by Gomez de
Alvarado, who founded a Spanish city but it was quickly moved to
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985:
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or quarters, of Huánuco Pampa were used mostly as residential districts. In some cases, the areas are very formally arranged, such as the
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795:
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477:
Monteverde, Luis (2009). "El material arqueológico excavado por Craig Morris en Huánuco Pampa. Su desconocimiento y destrucción".
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masonry, typically bifacial walls with rubble and mud fill. Many of these houses are arranged around a central courtyard.
228:
Huánuco Pampa is located at an elevation of 3,625 metres (11,893 ft) on a plateau overlooking the
Vizcarra River.
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because of the harsh climate of Huánuco and the raids of Illa Tupac, one of the captains of
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Joan de
Santacruz: Relacion de antigüedades deste reyno del Pirú. (S. 229 - 328.)
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Historia y etnografía: los mitmaq de Huánuco en las visitas de 1549, 1557 y 1562
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690:
Morris, Thompson (1970). "Huanuco Viejo: An Inca
Administrative Center".
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Maize: Origin, Domestication, and its Role in the
Development of Culture
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426:(in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Perú. p. 173.
252:
The Inca road system was extensive. The main north-south highway, the
213:
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La
Zaranda de Ideas: Revista de Jóvenes Investigadores en Arqueología
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2010:
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D'Altroy, Terence N. The Incas. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2002. Print.
703:
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207:. The most important of the roads, the Qhapaq Ñan, which ran from
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2015:
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built in the conceptual, if not actual, image of the capital.
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Huánuco Pampa is one of at least six sites that were called
1330:
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81:
545:(in Spanish). Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. p. 37.
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581:
231:
This Inca center was designed after what is called the
578:
191:. The ruins of the city lie on a plateau above the
728:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
296:, which are large building made from high quality
284:is the main central plaza. In order to get to the
2438:
768:
698:(3). Society for American Archaeology: 344–362.
689:
421:
384:The storage area at Huánuco Pampa includes 497
223:
754:
451:. Cambridge University Press. p. 232.
422:Cardelús, Borja; Guijarro, Timoteo (2013).
761:
747:
476:
734:. Detroit: Charles Schribner's Sons: 640.
562:(in Spanish). Tello. 1879. p. 180.
529:D'Altroy pg. 251; Morris, Thompson p.345
375:
331:
327:
446:
2447:Archaeological sites in Huánuco Region
2439:
538:
267:
742:
726:Gasco, Janine (2008). "Mixco Viejo".
725:
497:"SITIO ARQUEOLÓGICO DE HUANUCO MARKA"
53:
472:
470:
468:
417:
415:
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392:are constructed in rows and made of
371:
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175:is a large archaeological site in
14:
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195:or Vizcarra River in the central
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440:
424:Cápac Ñan. El Gran Camino Inca
336:Partial view of Huánuco Pampa.
1:
1981:Quriwayrachina, La Convención
683:
2452:Archaeological sites in Peru
770:Archaeological sites in Peru
224:Site Layout and Architecture
7:
2086:Tampu Mach'ay, Huancavelica
520:Morris,Thompson p. 344
16:Archaeological site in Peru
10:
2473:
1681:Ñawpallaqta, Huanca Sancos
1171:Huamanmarca, La Convención
539:Anders, Martha B. (1990).
499:. MINCETUR. Archived from
31:Quadrangular walls of the
776:
109:
99:
69:
40:
24:
2281:Wamanmarka, Chumbivilcas
1976:Quriwayrachina, Ayacucho
1836:Pumamarka, San Sebastián
1766:Pirca Pirca, La Libertad
668:Morris,Thompson p.356-58
632:Morris,Thompson p.351-52
623:Morris,Thompson p.348-50
614:Morris,Thompson p.347-48
447:Bonavia, Duccio (2013).
404:
256:extending from Cusco to
1481:Llaqta Qulluy, Tayacaja
1271:Inka Wasi, Huancavelica
722:(2013): 918-920. Print.
2126:The Toads of Wiraqucha
1576:Mawk'allaqta, La Unión
1566:Mawk'allaqta, Castilla
1476:Llaqta Qulluy, Conayca
1256:Inka Tampu, Vilcabamba
381:
337:
2241:Ventanillas de Otuzco
1826:Pukara, Vilcas Huamán
1571:Mawk'allaqta, Espinar
1471:Llaqta Qulluy, Acoria
1391:Kunturmarka, Ayacucho
1301:Inti Watana, Urubamba
1291:Inti Watana, Ayacucho
1251:Inka Tampu, Huayopata
677:Morris,Thompson p.358
650:Morris,Thompson p.352
379:
335:
328:Residential Districts
233:Architecture of Power
2416:Yanaqi - Qillqamarka
1971:Quriwayrachina, Anta
1691:Ñawpallaqta, Lucanas
1686:Ñawpallaqta, Fajardo
1591:Mawk'allaqta, Sandia
1586:Mawk'allaqta, Paruro
1581:Mawk'allaqta, Melgar
1486:Llaqta Qulluy, Vilca
1431:Laguna de las Momias
1246:Inka Raqay, Ayacucho
1241:Inka Raqay, Apurímac
831:Awkimarka (Apurímac)
786:Ahuila Gencha Machay
340:The north and south
303:The interior of the
185:Dos de Mayo Province
131:9.87417°S 76.81583°W
90:Dos de Mayo Province
2066:Soro Mik'aya Patjxa
1961:Qurimarka, Apurímac
1876:Purunllacta, Soloco
1841:Pumamarka, Urubamba
1266:Inka Wasi, Ayacucho
1186:Huaycán de Pariachi
981:Choquequirao Puquio
941:Chauchilla Cemetery
836:Awkimarka (Huánuco)
268:Ceremonial Sections
136:-9.87417; -76.81583
127: /
21:
2296:Wanakawri, Huánuco
1871:Purunllacta, Cheto
1731:Paracas Candelabra
1396:Kunturmarka, Pasco
1296:Inti Watana, Calca
692:American Antiquity
382:
338:
19:
2434:
2433:
1811:Pukara, Coporaque
1771:Pirca Pirca, Lima
1136:Huaca Huallamarca
946:Chavín de Huantar
189:La Unión District
146:
145:
86:La Unión District
61:Shown within Peru
2464:
2291:Wanakawri, Cusco
2286:Wamanmarka, Lima
2121:Templo del Zorro
1966:Qurimarka, Cusco
1456:Llamachayuq Qaqa
1436:Lauricocha Caves
1421:K'allapayuq Urqu
1406:Kusichaka valley
1151:Huaca San Marcos
1126:Huaca del Dragón
1121:Huaca de la Luna
791:Amaru Marka Wasi
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372:The Storage Area
348:in the northern
205:Inca road system
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2151:Toquepala Caves
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1816:Pukara, Fajardo
1541:Marcahuamachuco
1511:Machu Pitumarka
1341:Jisk'a Iru Muqu
1311:Intini Uyu Pata
1226:Incahuasi, Lima
1156:Huaca Santa Ana
1081:Guitarrero Cave
906:Caves of Sumbay
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1148:
1146:Huaca Pucllana
1143:
1138:
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1123:
1118:
1113:
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1091:Hatun Misapata
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921:Cerro Trinidad
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439:
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408:
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329:
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181:Huánuco Region
155:(also spelled
144:
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2426:Yuraq Mach'ay
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2216:Usnu, Huánuco
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
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2119:
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2049:
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2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Qhapaq Kancha
1989:
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1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Puyupatamarca
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
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1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:Ollantaytambo
1699:
1697:
1696:Ñusta Hispana
1694:
1692:
1689:
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1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
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1522:
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1509:
1507:
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1502:
1499:
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1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
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1364:
1362:
1361:Killa Mach'ay
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
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1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
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1284:
1282:
1279:
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1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1261:Inka Tunuwiri
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:Huayna Picchu
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Huánuco Pampa
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Huaca del Sol
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Hatun Rumiyoc
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Guellayhuasin
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:El Cañoncillo
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
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1007:
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912:
909:
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904:
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881:Cajamarquilla
879:
877:
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872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
861:Baths of Boza
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
821:Auquilohuagra
819:
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802:
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503:on 2017-10-10
502:
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484:
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471:
469:
460:
458:9781139619943
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433:9789972848711
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363:
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343:
334:
325:
321:
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314:
309:
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305:Casa del Inca
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:Casa del Inca
283:
279:
275:
274:Casa del Inca
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206:
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194:
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182:
178:
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170:
166:
162:
161:Huánuco Viejo
158:
157:Huánuco Marca
154:
153:Huánuco Marka
150:
149:Huánuco Pampa
140:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
72:
68:
48:
39:
34:
28:
23:
20:Huánuco Pampa
2356:Wayna Q'inti
2346:Wat'a, Cusco
2306:Waqra Pukara
2256:Vilcashuamán
2026:Sacsayhuamán
1956:Quri Winchus
1886:Pusuquy Pata
1861:Puqin Kancha
1821:Pukara, Puno
1516:Machu Q'inti
1501:Machu Picchu
1366:Killarumiyuq
1316:Intipa Ñawin
1236:Inka Mach'ay
1211:Huchuy Qosqo
1190:
1141:Huaca Prieta
1086:Hatun Machay
1066:Gran Pajatén
976:Choquequirao
971:Choquepuquio
966:Chipaw Marka
916:Cerro Pátapo
731:
727:
695:
691:
673:
664:
655:
646:
637:
628:
619:
610:
601:
592:
575:Google Earth
571:
563:
557:
551:
541:
534:
525:
516:
505:. Retrieved
501:the original
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289:
285:
281:
273:
271:
253:
249:
248:
243:
241:
237:
232:
230:
227:
172:
169:Wanuku Pampa
168:
165:Wanako Pampa
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:
32:
2457:Inca Empire
2401:Wiñay Wayna
2396:Willkaraqay
2381:Wila Wilani
2336:Wari Willka
2326:Waraqu Urqu
2271:Waman Pirqa
2176:Tunay Q'asa
2156:Toro Muerto
2106:Taqrachullu
2096:Tanqa Tanqa
2091:Tampukancha
2081:Tambomachay
2076:Tambo Totem
1946:Qunchamarka
1936:Qullqapampa
1846:Pumaq Hirka
1796:Puka Pukara
1761:Pinkuylluna
1751:Pikimach'ay
1666:Nazca Lines
1661:Muyuq Marka
1646:Mullu Q'awa
1621:Mirq'imarka
1596:Mawk'ataray
1531:Maray Qalla
1521:Mallkuamaya
1506:Machu Pirqa
1496:Machu Colca
1451:Llamachayuq
1386:Kuntur Wasi
1281:Inkilltambo
1206:Huayrapongo
1166:Hualpayunca
1161:Huacramarca
1101:Hatun Uchku
1071:Gran Vilaya
871:Buena Vista
826:Awkin Punta
254:Qhapaq Ñan,
244:New Cuscos,
134: /
110:Coordinates
2441:Categories
2391:Wilcahuaín
2331:Warawtampu
2301:Waqlamarka
2251:Vilcabamba
2206:Uskallaqta
2171:Tunanmarca
2116:Tarmatambo
2051:Sillustani
2036:Sayacmarca
2021:Runkuraqay
1951:Qunchupata
1926:Quillarumi
1906:Qillqatani
1801:Puka Tampu
1776:Pirhuaylla
1746:Pikillaqta
1741:Patallaqta
1716:Pachatusan
1711:Pachacamac
1626:Miyu Pampa
1616:Miraflores
1556:Markapukyu
1551:Markansaya
1546:Markahirka
1536:Marayniyoq
1491:Llaqtapata
1426:K'ipakhara
1411:Khichuqaqa
1306:Intikancha
1286:Inti Punku
1276:Inkapintay
1116:Honcopampa
1111:Hatunmarka
1106:Hatun Usnu
1056:El Paraíso
1051:El Ingenio
1026:Coricancha
1016:Condorcaga
1006:Colcampata
996:Cochabamba
961:Chichakuri
951:Chawaytiri
936:Chanquillo
926:Chacamarca
911:Cerro Baúl
816:Auga Punta
684:References
507:2017-05-23
218:Manco Inca
171:or simply
122:76°48′57″W
2321:Waraqayuq
2316:Warahirka
2276:Wamanilla
2246:Ventarron
2221:Usnu Muqu
2181:Tupu Inka
2161:Trinchera
2111:Tarahuasi
2101:Tantarica
2071:Susupillu
2031:Sara Sara
2006:Rumicolca
1986:Qasa Pata
1941:Qulu Qulu
1896:Qaqapatan
1866:Puruchuco
1806:Puka Urqu
1726:Pañamarca
1706:Pacatnamu
1676:Ninamarca
1671:Nina Kiru
1656:Muyu Urqu
1651:Muyu Muyu
1641:Mulinuyuq
1346:Kanamarka
1326:Iskuqucha
1231:Ingatambo
1181:Huankarán
1031:Cumbemayo
1021:Cota Coca
1001:Cochapata
931:Chan Chan
891:Carachupa
886:Cao Viejo
866:Bandurria
851:Ayawayq'u
846:Ayamachay
796:Arhuaturo
362:Aqllakuna
119:9°52′27″S
2371:Wichqana
2146:Titiqaqa
2041:Sayhuite
2011:Rumiwasi
1931:Quishuar
1851:Pumawasi
1831:Pukarani
1786:Pirwayuq
1756:Pilluchu
1736:Paraccra
1461:Llamayuq
1401:Kuntuyuq
1336:Jinkiori
1221:Inca Uyo
1041:El Brujo
986:Churajón
956:Cheqollo
876:Cahuachi
856:Azángaro
841:Aya Muqu
342:barrios,
294:kallanka
282:castillo
276:and the
193:Urqumayu
70:Location
2376:Wich'un
2366:Wichama
2231:Uyu Uyu
2226:Usqunta
2016:Runayoc
1996:Raqch'i
1881:Pusharo
1856:Punkuri
1631:Molloko
1606:Miculla
1526:Mameria
1466:Llamuqa
1446:Llactan
1351:Kanichi
1176:Huamboy
1061:Garagay
1036:Cutimbo
896:Carajía
390:Qollqas
386:qullqas
346:cuartel
262:Ecuador
179:in the
173:Huánuco
94:Huánuco
2411:Yanaca
2311:Waqutu
2266:Vitcos
2201:Urpish
2186:T'akaq
2166:Túcume
2136:Tinyaq
2061:Sóndor
2046:Sechín
2001:Revash
1921:Quiaca
1911:Qillqa
1781:Piruro
1721:Paiján
1611:Millka
1441:Layzón
1381:Kukuli
1376:Kuelap
1371:Kotosh
1216:Huiñao
1011:Collor
811:Aspero
781:Acaray
712:278344
710:
485:: 195.
455:
430:
350:barrio
250:Roads.
214:Pillco
199:. The
100:Region
79:
2421:Yaynu
2386:Wilca
2341:Waruq
2141:Tipón
2131:Tikra
2056:Sipán
1901:Qenko
1791:Písac
1636:Moray
1601:Mazur
1561:Marpa
1356:Kenko
1196:Huari
991:Chuya
901:Caral
801:Asana
730:. 2.
708:JSTOR
694:. 3.
405:Notes
394:pirqa
354:pirqa
318:ushnu
313:ushnu
298:pirqa
290:pirqa
278:ushnu
258:Quito
209:Cusco
201:Incas
197:Andes
159:) or
104:Andes
33:Ushnu
1331:Isog
453:ISBN
428:ISBN
311:The
177:Peru
82:Peru
700:doi
280:or
2443::
706:.
696:35
580:^
481:.
467:^
412:^
364:.
260:,
220:.
187:,
183:,
167:,
163:,
151:,
92:,
88:,
762:e
755:t
748:v
732:4
714:.
702::
510:.
483:5
461:.
436:.
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
