Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives

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distribute funds to House candidates of their party; they try to persuade partisan colleagues not to retire or run for other offices so as to hold down the number of open seats the party would need to defend; they coordinate their campaign activities with congressional and national party campaign committees; they encourage outside groups to back their candidates; they travel around the country to speak on behalf of party candidates; and they encourage incumbent colleagues to make significant financial contributions to the party's campaign committee. "The amount of time that Gephardt is putting in to help the DCCC is unheard of," noted a Democratic lobbyist."No DCCC chairman has ever had that kind of support."

191: 362: 3205:"We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on the motion to recommit, our Republican members had a choice: They could vote against the Johnson program and say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument. Usually we lost; but when you're only 140 out of 435, you don't expect to win many. 172: 155: 1279: 3033:

are consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; they are a traditional member of the House Office Building Commission; they are a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and they may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible.

1346: 3194:" to support, for instance, the Administration's landmark budget reconciliation bill. There are occasions, of course, when minority leaders will fault the legislative initiatives of their president. On an administration proposal that could adversely affect his district, Michel stated that he might "abdicate my leadership role since I can't harmonize my own views with the administration's." Minority Leader Gephardt, as another example, has publicly opposed a number of President Clinton's legislative initiatives from "fast track" trade authority to various budget issues. 3132:

the majority party. "We know how to delay," remarked Minority Leader Gephardt. Dilatory motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes are standard time-consuming parliamentary tactics. By stalling action on the majority party's agenda, the minority leader may be able to launch a campaign against a "do-nothing Congress" and convince enough voters to put his party back in charge of the House. To be sure, the minority leader recognizes that "going negative" carries risks and may not be a

2959:. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways. To be sure, the minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative—to assist in carrying out diverse leadership functions. Worth emphasis is that there are limits on the institutional role of the minority leader, because the majority party exercises disproportionate influence over the agenda, partisan ratios on committees, staff resources, administrative operations, and the day-to-day schedule and management of floor activities. 3086:

within the majority party. For instance, a majority party riven by internal dissension, as occurred during the early 1900s when Progressive and "regular" Republicans were at loggerheads, may provide the minority leader with greater opportunities to achieve their priorities than if the majority party exhibited high degrees of party cohesion. Among the variable strategies available to the minority party, which can vary from bill to bill and be used in combination or at different stages of the lawmaking process, are the following:

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undesirable by his own party. They are instrumental in devising and implementing his party's strategy on the floor with respect to promoting or opposing legislation. They are kept constantly informed as to the status of legislative business and as to the sentiment of his party respecting particular legislation under consideration. Such information is derived in part from the floor leader's contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization.

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ninety-seven in 1849, ninety-one in 1859, and 138 in 1855." With so many candidates competing for the speakership, it is not at all clear that one of the defeated lawmakers then assumed the mantle of "minority leader". The Democratic minority from 1861 to 1875 was so completely disorganized that they did not "nominate a candidate for Speaker in two of these seven Congresses and nominated no man more than once in the other five. The defeated candidates were not automatically looked to for leadership."

1351: 6492: 2495: 719: 6506: 2507: 1010: 44: 273:. The Majority Leader is responsible for setting the annual legislative agenda, scheduling legislation for consideration, and coordinating committee activity. The Minority Leader serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the minority counterpart to the Speaker. The Minority Leader also speaks for the minority party in the House and its policies, and works to protect the minority party's rights. 1154: 6624: 1244:, R-N.Y., provided this "job description": "He is spokesman for his party and enunciates its policies. He is required to be alert and vigilant in defense of the minority's rights. It is his function and duty to criticize constructively the policies and programs of the majority, and to this end employ parliamentary tactics and give close attention to all proposed legislation." 3312:. Within the House Republican Conference, the chief deputy whip is the highest appointed position and often a launching pad for future positions in the House Leadership. Cantor and McCarthy, for instance, served as chief deputy Republican whips before ascending to the majority leader's post. The House Democratic Conference has multiple chief deputy whips, led by a 3054:; chairs the Policy Committee; and heads the Steering Committee. Examples of other assignments are making "recommendations to the Speaker on all Democratic Members who shall serve as conferees" and nominating party members to the Committees on Rules and House Administration. Republican rules identify generally comparable functions for their top party leader. 3147:. Despite the minority leader's restricted ability to set the House's agenda, there are still opportunities for him to raise minority priorities. For example, the minority leader may employ, or threaten to use, discharge petitions to try to bring minority priorities to the floor. If they are able to attract the required 218 signatures on a 929:, though indirectly as their party lost control in the 2006 and 2018 midterm elections. Boehner subsequently served as House Minority Leader from 2007 to 2011, and McCarthy served from 2019 to 2023. Both were elected Speaker when the House reconvened after gaining a majority in their respective midterm elections. In 1998, when Speaker 773:, although not formally selected to be nominated for Speaker by the majority party's caucus. After this period, the Speaker-designate is also chosen in a closed-door session by the largest caucus although the Speaker is formally elevated to the position by a public vote of the entire House when Congress reconvenes. 3940:

to avoid a battle for whip between then-Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and then-Majority Whip Jim Clyburn. The title has undergone several name changes, with the title being known as the titular "Assistant Speaker of the House of Representatives" during Pelosi's second speakership; it is said to replace

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Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to raise and

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Two other points of historical interest merit brief mention. First, until the 61st Congress (1909–1910), "it was the custom to have the minority leader also serve as the ranking minority member on the two most powerful committees, Rules and Ways and Means." Today, the minority leader no longer serves

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In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization

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Gephardt added that "inclusion and empowerment of the people on the line have to be done to get the best performance" from the minority party. Other techniques for fostering party harmony include the appointment of task forces composed of partisan colleagues with conflicting views to reach consensus

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If their party controls the White House, the minority leader confers regularly with the President and his aides about issues before Congress, the Administration's agenda, and political events generally. Strategically, the role of the minority leader will vary depending on whether the President is of

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A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of

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Rule X, clause 5, stipulates: "At the beginning of a Congress, the Speaker or his designee and the Minority Leader or his designee each shall appoint 10 Members, Delegates, or Resident Commissioners from his respective party who are not members of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to be

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on issues; the creation of new leadership positions as a way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure; and daily meetings in the Leader's office (or at breakfast, lunch, or dinner) to lay out floor strategy or political objectives for the minority party.

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In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; they and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; they

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and professional politicians. This era was "marked by strong partisan attachments, resilient patronage-based party organizations, and...high levels of party voting in Congress." Plainly, these were conditions conducive to the establishment of a more highly differentiated House leadership structure.

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Internal party disunity compounded the difficulty of identifying lawmakers who might have informally functioned as a minority leader. For instance, "seven of the fourteen speakership elections from 1834 through 1859 had at least twenty different candidates in the field. Thirty-six competed in 1839,

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shall be appointed by joint recommendation of the Speaker, majority leader, and minority leader; and Rule XV, clause 6, provides that the Speaker, after consultation with the minority leader, may place legislation on the Corrections Calendar. The minority leader also has other institutional duties,

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The House Majority Leader's duties vary, depending upon the political makeup of the majority caucus. In several recent sessions of Congress, with the notable exception of the Pelosi speakership, the Majority Leader has been primarily responsible for scheduling the House floor's legislative calendar

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The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that they can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the degree of cohesion

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Rule II, clause 6, states that the "Inspector General shall be appointed for a Congress by the Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader, acting jointly." This rule further states that the minority leader and other specified House leaders shall be notified of any financial irregularity

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The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether their party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is

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of Ohio, who was Speaker the previous Congress. Clearly, Keifer was not the Republicans' minority leader. He was a discredited leader in part because as Speaker he arbitrarily handed out "choice jobs to close relatives ... all at handsome salaries." Keifer received "the empty honor of the minority

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I found there were absolutely no persons holding the stations of what are called, in England, Leaders, on either side of the House.... It is true, that certain members do take charge of administration questions, and certain others of opposition questions; but all this so obviously without concert

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When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after

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on issues. Minority leaders also make floor speeches and close debate on major issues before the House; they deliver addresses in diverse forums across the country, and they write books or articles that highlight minority party goals and achievements. They must also be prepared "to debate on the

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or education; they sponsor party "retreats" to discuss issues and assess the party's public image; they create "theme teams" to craft party messages that might be raised during the one-minute, morning hour, or special order period in the House; they conduct surveys of party colleagues to discern

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During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 "to represent a party comprising a distinct

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House minority leaders also hold joint news conferences and consult with their counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House. The overall objectives are to develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a

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A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. They are instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered

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From an institutional perspective, the rules of the House assign a number of specific responsibilities to the minority leader. For example, Rule XII, clause 6, grant the minority leader (or their designee) the right to offer a motion to recommit with instructions; Rule II, clause 6, states the

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When the White House is controlled by the House majority party, then the House minority leader assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for their party. "As Minority Leader during Democratic administration, my

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of Ohio, in 1876, 1877, and 1879, and ex-Speaker Keifer in 1883. "It is hard to believe that House partisans would place a man in the speakership when in the majority, and nominate him for this office when in the minority, and not look to him for legislative guidance." This was not the case,

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Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when

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Minority status, by itself, is often an important inducement for minority party members to stay together, to accommodate different interests, and to submerge intraparty factional disagreements. To hold a diverse membership together often requires extensive consultations and discussions with

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Since Snell's description, other responsibilities have been added to the job. These duties involve an array of institutional and party functions. Before examining the institutional and party assignments of the minority leader, it is worth highlighting the historical origin of this position.

910:, who served as Majority Leader from 1947–1949 and again from 1953–1955 and did not become Speaker because his party lost the House in the 1948 and 1954 House elections, respectively, and would not regain the House until 1994 (Halleck had been dead for years at this point); 3190:, R-IL, was minority leader (1981–1995), he typically functioned as the "point man" for Republican presidents. President Ronald Reagan's 1981 policy successes in the Democratic-controlled House was due in no small measure to Minority Leader Michel's effectiveness in wooing so-called " 953:

succeeded Boehner as Majority Leader. Cantor was understood to be the second-ranking Republican in the House since Boehner was the indisputable leader of the House Republicans. However, there have been some exceptions. The most recent exception to this rule came when Majority Leader

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from June 1989 until Republicans captured control of the House in the November 1994 elections. Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House. Michel's predecessor, Republican

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by attracting majority party supporters, they can force minority initiatives to the floor over the opposition of the majority leadership. As a GOP minority leader once said, the challenges he confronted are to "keep our people together, and to look for votes on the other side."

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members of the select committee but shall have no vote in the select committee and may not be counted for purposes of determining a quorum." In addition, each leader may designate a member of his leadership staff to assist him with his ex officio duties. (Rule X, clause 11).

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Traditionally, the Speaker is viewed as the leader of the majority party in the House, with the Majority Leader as second-in-command. For example, when the Republicans gained the majority in the House after the 2010 elections, Boehner ascended to the Speakership while

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In contrast, the Minority Leader is the undisputed leader of the minority party. For example, when the Republicans lost their majority in the 2018 elections, McCarthy was elected as Minority Leader and hence replaced Ryan as the highest-ranking House Republican.

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their policy preferences; they establish websites that highlight and distribute party images and issues to users; and they organize task forces or issue teams to formulate party programs and to develop strategies for communicating these programs to the public.

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In the judgment of political scientist Randall Ripley, since 1883 "the candidate for Speaker nominated by the minority party has clearly been the Minority Leader." However, this assertion is subject to dispute. On December 3, 1883, the House elected Democrat

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The minority leader devises strategies, in consultation with other partisan colleagues, that advance party objectives. For example, by stalling action on the majority party's agenda, the minority leader may be able to launch a campaign against a "do-nothing

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Under Rule X, clause 2, not later "than March 31 in the first session of a Congress, after consultation with the Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader, the Committee on Government Reform shall report to the House the oversight plans" of the

2930:"leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. Minority Leaders who have played prominent roles in opposing the incumbent president have included 984:

is the most recent example of an outgoing Speaker seeking the Minority Leader post to retain the House party leadership, as the Democrats lost control of the House in the 2010 elections. She ran successfully for Minority Leader in the 112th Congress.

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Minority leaders may engage in numerous activities to publicize their party's priorities and to criticize the opposition's. For instance, to keep their party colleagues "on message", they insure that partisan colleagues are sent packets of suggested

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role of minority floor leader in Keifer's stead. "lthough Keifer was the minority's candidate for Speaker, Reed became its acknowledged leader, and ever after, so long as he served in the House, remained the most conspicuous member of his party.

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These and several other party roles merit further mention because they influence significantly the leader's overarching objective: retake majority control of the House. "I want to get members elected and win more seats," said Minority Leader

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by the Majority Leader or the Minority Leader ... shall have precedence of all other questions except motions to adjourn." This rule further references the minority leader with respect to the division of time for debate of these resolutions.

8143: 3179:, no notes, on a moment's notice," remarked Minority Leader Michel. In brief, minority leaders are key strategists in developing and promoting the party's agenda and in outlining ways to neutralize the opposition's arguments and proposals. 8153: 2887:

Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed

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sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House

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In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a

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An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites their own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and

3219:, R-IN, probably received more visibility in this role, because the press and media dubbed it the "Ev and Charlie Show". In fact, the "Republican National Committee budgeted $ 30,000 annually to produce the weekly news conference." 12119: 12114: 2564:

with official titles for those who were its official leaders. However, from the earliest days of Congress, various House members intermittently assumed the role of "opposition leader". Some scholars suggest that Representative

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The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined. To a large extent, the functions of the minority leader are defined by tradition and custom. A minority leader from 1931 to 1939, Representative

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The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the

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To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition

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From a party perspective, the minority leader has a wide range of partisan assignments, all geared toward retaking majority control of the House. Five principal party activities direct the work of the minority leader.

8545: 3202:, R-MI. Greatly outnumbered in the House, Minority Leader Ford devised a political strategy that allowed Republicans to offer their alternatives in a manner that provided them political protection. As Ford explained: 2641:

While the Office of the House Historian only lists Minority Leaders starting in 1899, the minority's nominees for Speaker (at the beginning of each Congress) may be considered their party's leaders before that time.

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When the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally takes a low profile and defers to the President. For that situation, the House Minority Leader can play the role of a

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who assists the minority leader in coordinating the party caucus in its responses to legislation and other matters. They are reckoned as the second most powerful member of their party, behind the minority leader.

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or "talking points" for constituent meetings in their districts; they help to organize "town meetings" in Members' districts around the country to publicize the party's agenda or a specific priority, such as

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nomination. But with it came a sting -- for while this naturally involves the floor leadership, he was deserted by his associates and his career as a national figure terminated ingloriously." Representative

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minority" and "to coordinate the actions of men who were already partisans in the same cause." In 1828, a foreign observer of the House offered this perspective on the absence of formal party leadership on

242:, are congresspeople who coordinate legislative initiatives and serve as the chief spokespersons for their parties on the House floor. These leaders are elected every two years in secret balloting of their 3324:

held the position of senior chief deputy majority whip along with Lewis since 2019, previously holding a position as chief deputy whip since 2005. Between 1955 and 1973, the Democrats simply had the title

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Informally, the minority leader has a wide range of party assignments. Lewis Deschler, the late House Parliamentarian (1928–1974), summarized the diverse duties of a party's floor leader:

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in 1925 and continuing until 1995, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership after the incumbent surrenders the position. The only exceptions during this period were

414: 10023: 8562: 8017: 8763: 8733: 8027: 3215:, R-IL, to act as national spokesmen for their party. They met with the press every Thursday following the weekly joint leadership meeting. Ford's predecessor as minority leader, 1412: 747: 399: 3128:

The minority party is in the position of having to consider the views and proposals of their president and to assess their majority-building role with respect to his priorities.

288:, are the second-ranking members of each party's leadership. The main function of the majority and minority whips is to gather votes of their respective parties on major issues. 14897: 9235: 8728: 1675: 558: 8637: 15111: 15055: 13858: 11503: 10207: 9771: 8773: 8425: 454: 7277:

Randall Strahan, "Thomas Brackett Reed and the Rise of Party Government," in Roger Davidson, et al., eds., Masters of the House (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998), p. 36.

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may not (except in certain specified circumstances) issue a "rule" that prevents the minority leader or a designee from offering a motion to recommit with instructions.

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According to a contemporary newspaper article, "Representative Underwood has been voluntarily filling that position since Congress convened" (December 4, 1899). See

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the same party or the other party. In general, minority leaders will often work to advance the goals and aspirations of their party's president in Congress. When

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William F. Connelly, Jr. and John J. Pitney, Jr., Congress' Permanent Minority? Republicans in the U.S. House (Lanham, Maryland: Littlefield Adams, 1994), p. 15.

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program on the House floor. The whip keeps track of all legislation and ensures that all party members are present when important measures are to be voted upon.

2538: 996:. Following his primary defeat, Cantor announced his resignation as Majority Leader, effective July 31, 2014, and he subsequently resigned his seat in Congress. 394: 12857: 10083: 9709: 8671: 8591: 8528: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8022: 5646: 4615: 4204: 1547: 976:"leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, owing to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. 9338: 9065: 8420: 7736: 7234: 6464: 6398: 6334: 6229: 6203: 6166: 6106: 5991: 5959: 5790: 5705: 5694: 5624: 5484: 4780: 4065: 3282: 1670: 1649: 1367: 770: 650: 445: 372: 270: 30: 112: 14745: 9925: 9392: 9280: 9265: 9008: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8579: 6440: 6420: 6409: 6270: 6240: 5448: 5325: 5091: 4834: 4754: 4550: 4490: 4148: 4111: 1232:, confers regularly with the President and the President's aides about issues before Congress, the Administration's agenda, and political events generally. 740: 6659: 84: 12724: 9719: 8676: 8627: 8095: 8070: 6383: 6319: 6192: 6155: 6127: 6091: 6039: 6013: 5980: 5926: 5827: 5775: 5635: 5532: 5463: 5389: 5336: 5224: 4979: 4769: 4711: 4685: 4511: 4453: 4422: 4346: 4335: 4292: 4281: 4219: 4176: 4137: 404: 895:

created the position to establish a party leader on the House floor separate from the Speaker, as the role of Speaker had become more prominent and the

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Under Rule I, clause 9, the "Speaker, in consultation with the Minority Leader, shall develop through an appropriate entity of the House a system for

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on these committees; however, they appoint the minority members of the Rules Committee and influence the assignment of partisan colleagues to the

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is the primary assistant to the whip, who is the chief vote counter for their party. The current chief deputy majority whip is Republican

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along with any recommendations it or the House leaders have proposed to ensure the effective coordination of committees' oversight plans.

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This article is about political party floor leaders of the House. For the Speaker, who is usually the overall leader of the majority, see

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The minority party offers strong opposition to majority party initiatives but does not counter with policy alternatives of their own.

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Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When

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James M. Cannon, "Minority Leaders of the United States House of Representatives, 1965-1973," in Masters of the House, p. 271.

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James M. Cannon, "Minority Leaders of the United States House of Representatives, 1965-1973," in Masters of the House, p. 275.

3110:

The minority party develops alternatives and agendas of its own and attempts to construct winning coalitions on their behalf.

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among themselves, actual or tacit, that nothing can be conceived less systematic or more completely desultory, disjointed.

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The minority leader strives to promote party harmony so as to maximize the chances for legislative and political success.

523: 7015: 2620:

Republicans were in the minority, the party nominated for Speaker a series of prominent lawmakers, including ex-Speaker

2569:

of Virginia informally functioned as the first "minority leader" because in the First Congress he led the opposition to

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The minority party offers opposition, but it is of marginal significance, typically because the minority is so small.

2962:

Under the rules of the House, the minority leader has certain roles and responsibilities. They include the following:

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Burdette Loomis, "The Consummate Minority Leader: Everette M. Dirksen," in Richard Baker and Roger Davidson, eds.,

6448: 4049: 2736: 2656: 2392: 2377: 2353: 2268: 2086: 2068: 2063: 697: 301: 297: 6543:

These strategic options have been modified to a degree and come from Jones, The Minority Party in Congress, p. 20.

1050: 207: 14830: 14775: 14740: 14610: 13816: 12444: 12358: 12323: 11276: 11234: 11210: 11204: 10165: 9902: 9891: 9844: 9557: 8437: 7972: 7908: 3015: 2405: 2256: 2198: 2153: 1981: 1640: 692: 3092:

The minority party supports and cooperates with the majority party in building winning coalitions on the floor.

840:

also had a comparatively quick rise to the post and was the youngest House Majority Leader in American history.

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Lewis Deschler, Deschler's Precedents of the United States House of Representatives, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.:

7337: 6813: 6783: 6669: 6643: 6583: 6475: 4078: 2223: 2218: 1718: 1698: 1521: 1487: 1129: 1035: 801: 675: 69: 14820: 14780: 14770: 14765: 14288: 13810: 13804: 13763: 12729: 12403: 12363: 12353: 12348: 12328: 12273: 12248: 11705: 11240: 11174: 10175: 10030: 9959: 9473: 9173: 8931: 8857: 8612: 8567: 6951: 3950: 3239: 3051: 2913: 2203: 2188: 1906: 1311: 1266: 702: 6694: 190: 14998: 14805: 14695: 14640: 14595: 14519: 13787: 13775: 13769: 13745: 12499: 12388: 12278: 12243: 12193: 12178: 11307: 11282: 11246: 11180: 10212: 10197: 10155: 10150: 10037: 9980: 9729: 9590: 9520: 9141: 8941: 8936: 8387: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7691: 7263:

Nelson, Garrison (Fall 1976). "Leadership Position-Holding in the United States House of Representatives".

7144:

Nelson, Garrison (Fall 1976). "Leadership Position-Holding in the United States House of Representatives".

7099:

Nelson, Garrison (Fall 1976). "Leadership Position-Holding in the United States House of Representatives".

6359: 6342: 6295: 6278: 6248: 6211: 6142: 6114: 6067: 6021: 5967: 5934: 5909: 5899: 5852: 5835: 5809: 5728: 5681: 4341: 3480: 3289:. They are reckoned as the third-ranking member of their party behind the Speaker and the Majority Leader. 3043: 2889: 1645: 1537: 869: 789: 781: 682: 269:, the House Majority Leader is the second highest-ranking member of their party's House caucus, behind the 8370: 3238:

meetings. We have party effectiveness meetings. There's a lot more communication. I believe leadership is

3122:

The minority party opposes initiatives of the majority party and offers its own proposals as substitutes.

2916:, he had already announced his retirement and had little or no involvement in the campaign, including the 856:

specified in the Constitution as the House's unique power. However, this designation (begun under Speaker

820:

have often ascended to their position despite relatively few years of experience in that chamber, such as

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The minority party chooses not to take a position on an issue, perhaps because of intraparty divisions.

15025: 14785: 14760: 14665: 14630: 14461: 13834: 13828: 13822: 12531: 12368: 11288: 10160: 9945: 8872: 8533: 7391: 7367: 3420: 1986: 1891: 687: 509: 15090: 15018: 14755: 14710: 14700: 14685: 14675: 14660: 14615: 14605: 13008: 12669: 12373: 12338: 12293: 12283: 12268: 12258: 12223: 12188: 11264: 10222: 9935: 9839: 7699: 3136:

if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public.

2651: 1951: 1941: 1936: 1916: 15126: 14887: 14840: 14825: 14800: 14705: 14645: 14620: 14590: 14580: 14548: 14108: 12434: 12408: 12383: 12288: 12233: 12228: 12208: 12173: 12163: 10078: 9515: 8365: 7877: 7797: 7457:

Guy Gugliotta, "For Minority Leader, A Matter of Consensus; Inquiry Vote Tests Gephardt's Skills,"

6935: 6866: 4474: 3870: 3819: 3780: 3737: 3694: 2016: 1866: 1781: 1306: 1075: 1020: 877: 765:

The floor leaders and whips of each party are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door

7288:

Polsby, Nelson (September 1968). "The Institutionalization of the U.S. House of Representatives".

6561: 14904: 14715: 14655: 14585: 13975: 13865: 13840: 12343: 12298: 12238: 12213: 12168: 11935: 11830: 10065: 10009: 9819: 9429: 9260: 9118: 9108: 8898: 8825: 8442: 7527: 7493: 3608: 1901: 1896: 1771: 1024: 881: 481: 247: 54: 7584:

See Jim Vande Hei, "White House Sidesteps Gephardt's Leadership," Roll Call, July 7, 1997, p. 1.

6748: 1140:

must be introduced (by request) in the House by the Majority Leader of the House or a designee.

14934: 14929: 14790: 14670: 14635: 14301: 13134: 13108: 13095: 13047: 13043: 12930: 12891: 12521: 12253: 12218: 11810: 11780: 10578: 10051: 9969: 9812: 7931: 4775: 4506: 4362: 2767: 2731: 2382: 1991: 1956: 1861: 1836: 1337: 1329: 1218:

The minority leader provides campaign assistance to political party incumbents and challengers.

7416:

Charles O. Jones, The Minority Party in Congress (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1970), p. 31.

864:) was informal, and after 1865, alternated between the Ways and Means Committee Chair and the 154: 14795: 14750: 14650: 14366: 13307: 13287: 13267: 13247: 13191: 12606: 12378: 12333: 10818: 9917: 9133: 9060: 8973: 8968: 8477: 7431: 7363: 7183: 7164: 4786: 4417: 4143: 2986: 2917: 2909: 2811: 2599: 1976: 1926: 1881: 1871: 1856: 1846: 1831: 1811: 1786: 1776: 1766: 1623: 1164: 669: 7646:

Legislators, Leaders, and Lawmaking: The U.S. House of Representatives in the Postreform Era

7303: 6579: 1278: 171: 14431: 14172: 12973: 12956: 12636: 12626: 11895: 11890: 11880: 11730: 11725: 11634: 11616: 11604: 11592: 11580: 11574: 10794: 10774: 10598: 10594: 10548: 10121: 9877: 9734: 9525: 9435: 9372: 9306: 9255: 8830: 8494: 7947: 7543: 7199: 6835: 6664: 6497: 5256: 5202: 5180: 5123: 5054: 4891: 4829: 4749: 4463: 4214: 4171: 3046:, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. They are a member of the 3008:

available to serve on investigative subcommittees of that committee during that Congress."

2901: 2893: 2848: 2831: 2799: 2783: 2755: 2608: 2499: 1996: 1971: 1876: 1816: 1791: 1761: 1751: 1421: 980:

losing the speaker's chair, there may be a contest for the remaining leadership positions.

884:

began naming chairs (although conference and caucus chairs carried very little authority).

723: 7488:

Babson, Jennifer (July 15, 1995). "Democrats Refine the Tactics of Minority Party Power".

7246:

DeAlva Stanwood Alexander, History and Procedure of the House of Representatives (Boston:

8: 15013: 14306: 14296: 14130: 14035: 14023: 13993: 13987: 13060: 13034: 12995: 12991: 12969: 12809: 12799: 12589: 11800: 11538: 10570: 10557: 10453: 10336: 10227: 9834: 9785: 9547: 9498: 9183: 9050: 7043: 6861: 5759: 4860: 4814: 4764: 4738: 4680: 4567: 4298: 4199: 4106: 3371: 3364: 3353: 2557: 1931: 1886: 1826: 1801: 1756: 645: 848:

Before 1899, the majority party floor leader had traditionally been the Chairman of the

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Five activities illustrate how minority leaders seek to accomplish this primary goal.

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Eliza Newlin Carney, "Don't Count Us Out," National Journal, April 29, 1995, p. 1024.

7471:

Barnes, James A.; Stone, Peter H. (February 26, 2000). "A Rich Harvest on the Hill".

7371: 6895: 5747: 5506: 5367: 5346: 5230: 5154: 5097: 5028: 4907: 4803: 4695: 4652: 4528: 3854: 3799: 3756: 3713: 3674: 3427: 3309: 2625: 2136: 2006: 1966: 1921: 1821: 1723: 1618: 1206: 821: 810: 797: 624: 15003: 14860: 14476: 14456: 14446: 14436: 14416: 14232: 14220: 14196: 14184: 14160: 14142: 14011: 13963: 13875: 13331: 13291: 13211: 13082: 13073: 13069: 13056: 13030: 12917: 12900: 12887: 12878: 11994: 11989: 11900: 11820: 11795: 11785: 11658: 11568: 11431: 11407: 11359: 11323: 10638: 10574: 10561: 10531: 10518: 10440: 10427: 9749: 9148: 8998: 8817: 7473: 7247: 7068: 6753: 6699: 5630: 5527: 4974: 4717: 4545: 4373: 4235: 4154: 3981: 3946: 3513: 3498: 3473: 3187: 3133: 2935: 2905: 2859: 2843: 2703: 2660: 2603: 1728: 993: 825: 325: 4043:

The Majority and President are included for historical and comparative reference.

4007: 3917: 3234:

We have weekly caucus meetings. We have daily leadership meetings. We have weekly

3230:

Members and with different factional groupings. As Minority Leader Gephardt said:

3198:

responsibility has been to propose Republican alternatives," said Minority Leader

868:

Chair after the latter committee was split from the former. By at least 1850, the

14533: 14401: 14396: 14331: 14316: 14208: 14089: 13951: 13672: 13532: 13455: 13451: 13447: 13427: 13411: 13387: 13327: 13311: 13121: 13004: 12943: 12939: 12865: 12073: 12004: 11925: 11865: 11760: 11755: 11740: 11735: 11720: 11562: 11544: 11532: 11526: 11485: 11437: 11383: 10834: 10754: 10738: 10734: 10714: 10634: 10618: 10479: 10431: 10414: 10405: 10401: 9964: 8914: 8822: 7833: 7827: 7572: 6511: 6378: 6367: 5822: 5308: 4995: 4948: 4578: 4315: 4132: 4095: 4013: 3913: 3838: 3536: 3521: 3413: 3360: 3297: 3285:

and the majority leader to coordinate ideas on, and garner support for, proposed

3278: 3262: 3212: 3191: 2687: 2621: 2511: 2131: 1613: 1596: 1586: 1529: 1465: 1392: 1179: 1137: 914:, who served as Majority Leader from 1971–1973, died in a plane crash; and 813:

of Arizona, was elected Minority Leader in 1973 after 20 years of House service.

805: 785: 539: 329: 321: 285: 259: 255: 215: 198: 12044: 2896:, R-MA, to be Speaker. Mann "had angered many Republicans by objecting to their 14558: 14481: 14451: 14386: 14381: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14326: 14311: 14244: 14226: 14178: 14154: 14059: 14005: 13512: 13496: 13476: 13371: 13167: 13147: 13125: 13021: 13017: 12952: 12874: 12861: 12684: 12679: 12516: 12068: 12063: 12058: 11910: 11860: 11688: 11670: 11628: 11425: 11419: 11377: 11034: 11014: 10678: 10674: 10658: 10654: 10496: 10418: 10058: 9230: 9153: 9080: 7883: 7863: 7785: 7549: 6393: 6224: 6198: 5942: 5921: 5581: 5490: 5479: 5432: 4706: 4663: 4610: 4517: 4485: 4406: 4384: 3975: 3909: 3885: 3846: 3827: 3815: 3803: 3776: 3733: 3698: 3690: 3659: 3655: 3624: 3509: 3494: 3459: 3448: 3399: 3378: 3339: 3321: 3235: 2430: 2357: 1241: 1175: 959: 942: 926: 534: 420: 3316:, which is the highest appointed position within the House Democratic Caucus. 15105: 15065: 14510: 14496: 14274: 14136: 14077: 13887: 13712: 13696: 13596: 13536: 13431: 13351: 13207: 13099: 12913: 12689: 12014: 11955: 11840: 11664: 11395: 10934: 10914: 10874: 10854: 10814: 10798: 10778: 10522: 10509: 10483: 9382: 9208: 8988: 8795: 7857: 7773: 6404: 6235: 5864: 5796: 5770: 5652: 5555: 5415: 5007: 4641: 3901: 3893: 3858: 3811: 3807: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3741: 3721: 3702: 3682: 3663: 3643: 3628: 3593: 3574: 3466: 3455: 3066: 2719: 2602:

of Kentucky as Speaker. Republicans placed in nomination for the speakership

2566: 1512: 1454: 1432: 1381: 1350: 930: 915: 793: 333: 305: 162: 7721: 7205: 2956: 14486: 14391: 14376: 14321: 14190: 14148: 14083: 13652: 13632: 13616: 13572: 13552: 13492: 13472: 13187: 13138: 12034: 12029: 11950: 11930: 11885: 11835: 11805: 11770: 11694: 11676: 11461: 11449: 11341: 11329: 11317: 11134: 11114: 11094: 10444: 10253: 9477: 9377: 9025: 9020: 7839: 7809: 7741: 7330: 7008:"Eric Cantor 1st House Majority Leader to Lose Renomination Bid in History" 6984: 6806: 6776: 6722: 6634: 6435: 6329: 6286: 6176: 6161: 6133: 6101: 6054: 5986: 5954: 5843: 5592: 5086: 3963: 3905: 3889: 3874: 3850: 3823: 3784: 3772: 3725: 3562: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3528: 3487: 3406: 3346: 3171: 3157: 2943: 2939: 2897: 2772: 2581: 2561: 2553: 1608: 1591: 1579: 1443: 1370: 981: 922: 888: 777: 238: 14538: 14501: 14262: 14250: 14053: 14041: 13999: 13905: 12977: 12053: 12048: 12039: 12024: 11999: 11985: 11850: 11646: 11556: 11455: 11353: 11074: 11058: 11054: 11038: 11018: 10894: 10878: 10858: 10758: 9226: 9178: 9085: 9040: 7900: 7873: 7803: 6314: 6303: 6187: 6150: 6122: 6086: 6075: 5975: 5736: 5689: 5538: 5458: 5384: 5331: 5245: 5219: 5165: 5112: 5039: 4922: 4845: 4448: 4330: 4276: 4026: 3994: 3969: 3937: 3878: 3831: 3788: 3745: 3717: 3678: 3639: 3620: 3604: 3589: 3392: 3286: 3199: 3162: 2931: 1601: 1229: 989: 950: 852:, the most powerful committee in the House, as it generates the Bills of 837: 829: 613: 7360:

Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government

6505: 3005:

Committee on Standards of Official Conduct: Investigative Subcommittees.

2979:

involving the House and receive audit reports of the inspector general.

2506: 887:

The office of Majority Leader was created in 1899 and first occupied by

769:

by secret ballot. The Speaker-presumptive is assumed to be the incoming

14528: 14524: 14506: 14268: 14065: 13612: 12926: 11975: 11945: 11905: 11790: 11479: 11473: 11443: 11118: 11098: 10978: 10958: 10698: 10694: 7869: 7845: 5875: 5715: 5641: 5566: 5443: 5320: 4032: 3866: 3842: 3795: 3752: 3709: 3670: 3635: 3600: 3581: 3566: 3551: 3532: 3517: 3502: 3441: 3317: 3144: 3069:, D-MO. "That's what want to do, and that's what they want me to do." 934: 911: 857: 833: 1225:

The minority leader works to promote and publicize the party's agenda.

941:

contested the Speakership, which eventually went to Chief Deputy Whip

14553: 14543: 14515: 14491: 14071: 13911: 13692: 13676: 13656: 13636: 11682: 11078: 10998: 9449: 9055: 7779: 7508: 6911:"Eric Cantor dropping leadership post, calls loss 'personal setback'" 6415: 6350: 6265: 6034: 6008: 5997: 5886: 5785: 5700: 5619: 3729: 3686: 3651: 3616: 3585: 3570: 3385: 2969: 1495: 955: 938: 576: 317: 313: 309: 179: 7507:

Wallison, Ethan (May 17, 1999). "Gephardt Plans Petition Strategy".

6560:. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from 1009: 43: 14029: 13716: 13227: 12750: 12739: 11960: 11467: 11138: 10994: 10898: 10277: 10024:

First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln

9442: 8893: 7851: 7063: 3647: 3612: 2926: 2816: 2676: 2612: 972: 254:. Depending on which party is in power, one party leader serves as 6723:

Party Leaders in the House: Election, Duties, and Responsibilities

3936:

was established by Nancy Pelosi on January 3, 2011, and filled by

2892:, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected 13592: 13576: 13556: 8963: 6952:"Eric Cantor loses GOP primary to tea party challenger Dave Brat" 2692: 2636: 853: 7679: 2629:

according to some observers, with respect to ex-Speaker Keifer.

921:

Since 1995, the only two Majority Leaders to become Speaker are

784:, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as 9829: 9424: 6728:(Report). Congressional Research Service. pp. 2–3. RS20881 3176: 766: 15122:

Minority leaders of the United States House of Representatives

15117:

Majority leaders of the United States House of Representatives

7685: 10003:

Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States

7059:"Eric Cantor Tells Virginia Newspaper He'll Resign in August" 6956: 2864: 2740: 2556:. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party 1210:

such as appointing individuals to certain federal entities.

304:

holding a minority, the current leaders are Majority Leader

15132:

Lists related to the United States House of Representatives

9075: 6552:

Sources differ on the dates that Underwood served as Whip:

3841:(until January 15, 2021) (Assistant to the Majority Whip), 2900:

on the floor;" also he was a protégé of autocratic Speaker

2708: 2420: 899:

had grown from 105 at the beginning of the century to 356.

4001:

List of Assistant Speakers of the House of Representatives

3250: 8796:

Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media

6915: 2425: 6580:"Party Leaders in Congress, 1789-2007: Vital Statistics" 1128:, stipulates that an implementing bill submitted by the 365:

Great Seal of the United States House of Representatives

6576:

Another indicates that he served only during 1901. See

3945:

post first established in 1999; and previously held by

7571:

Dorothy Collin, "Michel Plays to Peoria -- and U.S.,"

7522:

Arieff, Irwin (February 28, 1981). "Inside Congress".

7331:

Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019

7039:"Eric Cantor Succumbs to Tea Party Challenger Tuesday" 6807:

Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019

6777:

Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019

15112:

Leaders of the United States House of Representatives

3949:. There is currently no Republican equivalent in the 2908:

was the Minority Leader in 1994 when the Republicans

31:

Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

9926:

List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex

6931:"Eric Cantor Stepping Down as House Majority Leader" 6555:

One indicates that he served from 1899 to 1901. See

6487: 2985:

Under Rule IX, clause 2, a resolution "offered as a

7296: 933:announced his resignation, neither Majority Leader 72:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 9472: 6636:The Role of the House Minority Leader: An Overview 4038: 3320:held this post from 1991 until his death in 2020. 224:Party leaders of the U.S. House of Representatives 7304:"Minority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)" 6836:"Majority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)" 3957:List of House Democratic Assistants to the Leader 2624:of Maine in 1875, former Appropriations Chairman 1676:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review 1228:The minority leader, if their party controls the 992:became the first House Majority Leader to lose a 15103: 10045:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door 9612:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations 7221:Forge of Democracy: The House of Representatives 6689: 6687: 2920:which was unveiled six weeks before voting day. 1115:and direct management for all House committees. 7633:Davidson, et al., Masters of the House, pp.323. 7237:(Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1909), p. 208. 81:"party leaders of the house of representatives" 7587: 7358:Jenkins, Jeffrey A.; Stewart, Charles (2013). 7357: 6971: 6746: 2637:Minority party nominees for Speaker, 1865–1897 2611:, R-ME, who later became Speaker, assumed the 12766: 10293: 7916: 7707: 7428:Party Leaders in the House of Representatives 7180:Party Leaders in the House of Representatives 7161:Party Leaders in the House of Representatives 7118:. 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Boston: Chapman and Grimes. p. 346. 7005: 6804: 6774: 6720: 6577: 4020:List of House Assistant Democratic Leaders 3988:List of House Assistant Democratic Leaders 3927: 3395:(Majority, 2003–2007; Minority, 2007–2009) 3014:"The Speaker and Minority Leader shall be 2949: 2539: 2525: 748: 734: 14968:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee 7329:Heitshusen, Valerie (September 4, 2019). 7253: 6805:Heitshusen, Valerie (September 4, 2019). 6775:Heitshusen, Valerie (September 4, 2019). 6578:Heitshusen, Valerie (February 27, 2007). 6520:Party leaders of the United States Senate 3140:Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. 1102:Learn how and when to remove this message 818:party leaders of the United States Senate 132:Learn how and when to remove this message 14978:National Conference of Democratic Mayors 14973:Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee 14953:Democratic Attorneys General Association 12735:Timeline of modern American conservatism 12567:Republican Attorneys General Association 12562:National Republican Senatorial Committee 10259:United States Capitol cornerstone laying 7642: 7506: 7310:. United States House of Representatives 7133:. New York: Harcourt Brace. p. 137. 6999: 6889:Memoli, Michael A. (November 17, 2010). 291: 60:Relevant discussion may be found on the 15009:National Federation of Democratic Women 12557:National Republican Redistricting Trust 9026:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule) 7986: 7866:(Policy/Communications Committee Chair) 7223:. New York: David McKay Co. p. 70. 7082: 6891:"Nancy Pelosi is House minority leader" 6525:Divided government in the United States 3251:Party whips and assistant party leaders 1671:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court 1661:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel 1260:This article is part of a series on the 14: 15104: 12675:Republican National Coalition for Life 8503:Caucuses of the United States Congress 7727:United States House of Representatives 7521: 7487: 7425: 7287: 7262: 7218: 7177: 7158: 7143: 7098: 6888: 6840:U.S. House History, Art & Archives 6721:Heitshusen, Valerie (April 24, 2017). 780:, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 233:United States House of Representatives 15086:2018 House Caucus leadership election 15081:2006 House Caucus leadership election 12754: 12617:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 10281: 9471: 8794: 7985: 7904: 7880:(Steering/Policy Committee Co-Chairs) 7695: 7524:Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 7490:Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report 7128: 7113: 7036: 3435:List of Democratic Chief Deputy Whips 3333:List of Republican Chief Deputy Whips 3277:is an elected member of the majority 3023:Motion to Recommit with Instructions. 2031:Elections in the District of Columbia 1251: 12780: 10307: 6977: 6695:"House of Representatives Hierarchy" 2401:United States and the United Nations 1633:Inferior Courts of the United States 1147: 1036:adding citations to reliable sources 1003: 300:holding a majority of seats and the 70:adding citations to reliable sources 37: 8134:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded 7643:Sinclair, Barbara (June 26, 1998). 7131:The Washington Community, 1800-1828 7116:The Washington Community, 1800-1828 6949: 1505:Vice President of the United States 1199: 147:Current House leaders below speaker 24: 12660:Republican Main Street Partnership 7540: 7196: 7006:Ostermeier, Eric (June 10, 2014). 3036: 1569:Supreme Court of the United States 1277: 1143: 999: 360: 25: 15143: 12602:Congressional Hispanic Conference 10017:Progress of Civilization Pediment 9871:Congressional Pictorial Directory 8724:By length of service historically 7673: 7290:American Political Science Review 6980:"Cantor's Loss: A Stunning Upset" 3083:Devise Minority Party Strategies. 1299:Constitution of the United States 15031:High School Democrats of America 14963:Democratic Governors Association 14920:Congressional Progressive Caucus 13689:2020 (Milwaukee/other locations) 12572:Republican Governors Association 11111:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 9885:Official Congressional Directory 9504:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO) 7392:"Speaker of the House - History" 6627: This article incorporates 6622: 6600:"Call for a Democratic Caucus". 6504: 6490: 2505: 2493: 1744:Elections by State and Territory 1349: 1344: 1152: 1134:fast-track negotiating authority 1008: 800:for four years, had been a 1988 717: 206: 189: 170: 153: 42: 14898:Steering and Outreach Committee 9694:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper 8541:Arab and Middle Eastern members 8438:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group 7973:Lists of United States Congress 7636: 7627: 7618: 7605: 7596: 7578: 7565: 7556: 7534: 7515: 7500: 7481: 7464: 7451: 7446:U.S. Government Printing Office 7438: 7419: 7410: 7384: 7351: 7322: 7280: 7271: 7240: 7227: 7212: 7190: 7171: 7152: 7137: 7122: 7107: 7091: 7075: 7051: 7037:Costa, Robert (June 10, 2014). 7030: 6923: 6903: 6842:. 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Workplace Rights (OCWR) 8546:Asian Pacific American members 7338:Congressional Research Service 7129:Young, James Sterling (1966). 7114:Young, James Sterling (1966). 6882: 6862:"Best & Worst of Congress" 6854: 6814:Congressional Research Service 6798: 6784:Congressional Research Service 6768: 6740: 6714: 6652: 6644:Congressional Research Service 6584:Congressional Research Service 1522:United States Attorney General 1488:President of the United States 1130:President of the United States 866:House Appropriations Committee 850:House Ways and Means Committee 284:of the House, commonly called 13: 1: 12730:International Democracy Union 10031:Surrender of General Burgoyne 9388:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819) 8551:Asian Pacific American Caucus 8144:Lost re-election in a primary 7680:Office of the Majority Leader 6978:Ball, Molly (June 10, 2014). 6616: 6606:. January 9, 1900. p. 8. 3951:U.S. House of Representatives 3849:(Senior Chief Deputy Whips), 3052:Democratic Leadership Council 2910:regained control of the House 1666:Alien Terrorist Removal Court 1178:in tone and meet Knowledge's 244:party caucuses or conferences 14999:College Democrats of America 10038:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis 9981:The Apotheosis of Washington 9715:Chief Administrative Officer 9553:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO) 6950:Kim, Clare (June 10, 2014). 3798:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip), 3755:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip), 3712:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip), 3673:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip), 3638:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip), 3603:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip), 3296:is a member of the minority 3183:Confer With the White House. 3076:Provide Campaign Assistance. 1656:Court of International Trade 1136:(trade promotion authority) 874:House Republican Conferences 760: 7: 12962:1860 (Charleston/Baltimore) 12612:Republican Jewish Coalition 12527:Republican Governance Group 10203:Health and Fitness Facility 9995:Declaration of Independence 8764:Killed or wounded in office 8585:Congressional Jewish Caucus 8558:Hispanic and Latino members 7686:Office of the Majority Whip 7461:, October 8, 1998, pp. A18. 7426:Ripley, Randall B. (1967). 7308:History, Art & Archives 7178:Ripley, Randall B. (1967). 7159:Ripley, Randall B. (1967). 6483: 4075: 3934:Assistant Democratic Leader 3096:Inconsequential Opposition. 3050:; names the members of the 862:12th United States Congress 252:House Republican Conference 10: 15148: 15076:2017 chairmanship election 15071:2005 chairmanship election 15026:Young Democrats of America 12532:Republican Study Committee 9617:Interparliamentary Affairs 9538:Congr. Budget Office (CBO) 9174:Riddick's Senate Procedure 8601:Gender and sexual identity 7886:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip) 7860:(Campaign Committee Chair) 7794:(Campaign Committee Chair) 7368:Princeton University Press 7233:Herbert Bruce Fuller, The 7083:Riddick, Floyd M. 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When her predecessor, 724:United States portal 342:This article is part of 15056:Presidential candidates 10066:Washington at Princeton 10010:Apotheosis of Democracy 9430:Congressional Quarterly 9119:Executive communication 9109:Blue slip (U.S. Senate) 9066:Suspension of the rules 8592:Native American members 8018:By shortness of service 7806:(Conference Vice Chair) 7528:Congressional Quarterly 7494:Congressional Quarterly 7085:Congressional Procedure 5024: 4877: 3943:Assistant to the Leader 3928:Assistant party leaders 3845:(until July 17, 2020), 2983:Questions of Privilege. 2950:Institutional functions 2229:Individualist anarchism 1401:Congressional districts 1051:"house majority leader" 638:Articles of impeachment 497:Congressional districts 248:House Democratic Caucus 14935:Problem Solvers Caucus 14930:New Democrat Coalition 13784:(1885–1889; 1893–1897) 12522:Problem Solvers Caucus 10233:Webster Page Residence 10208:House Recording Studio 10052:Revolutionary War Door 9813:Register of Copyrights 9394:Biographical Directory 8863:"Necessary and Proper" 8403:Policy Committee Chair 8381:Policy Committee Chair 7932:United States Congress 7812:(Conference Secretary) 6629:public domain material 3266:manages their party's 3210:Senate Minority Leader 3208:Ford also teamed with 2914:1994 midterm elections 2768:Samuel Jackson Randall 2732:James Gillespie Blaine 2366:Diplomatic missions of 2244:Political polarization 1714:Presidential elections 1338:United States Congress 1282: 802:presidential candidate 676:House office buildings 559:Committee of the Whole 551:Politics and procedure 510:Huntington–Hill method 366: 267:Senate Majority Leader 12607:Log Cabin Republicans 9558:Technology Assessment 8979:Dear Colleague letter 8974:Continuing resolution 8969:Concurrent resolution 8448:Republican Conference 8388:Republican Conference 8349:President pro tempore 8081:Born outside the U.S. 7448:, 1977), pp. 211-212. 7364:Princeton, New Jersey 7235:Speakers of the House 7219:McNeil, Neil (1963). 4787:Franklin D. Roosevelt 4144:James Albertus Tawney 3223:Foster Party Harmony. 2987:question of privilege 2918:Contract with America 2812:John Griffin Carlisle 1441:President Pro Tempore 1281: 670:United States Capitol 487:Republican Conference 364: 292:Current floor leaders 231:Party leaders of the 18:House Majority Leader 14836:District of Columbia 13509:1984 (San Francisco) 13404:1964 (Atlantic City) 13184:1920 (San Francisco) 12637:Republicans Overseas 12627:Teen Age Republicans 12430:District of Columbia 10831:1964 (San Francisco) 10791:1956 (San Francisco) 10327:National Union Party 10122:Mountains and Clouds 9878:Congressional Record 9735:Floor Services Chief 9622:Law Revision Counsel 9373:Continental Congress 8868:Power of enforcement 8831:Contempt of Congress 8734:From multiple states 8687:Mormon (LDS) members 8495:Congressional caucus 8139:Served a single term 8071:Expelled or censured 8013:By length of service 7552:(September 12, 1989) 7544:Congressional Record 7430:. 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Gillett 4172:James Tilghman Lloyd 3283:Speaker of the House 3114:Partisan Opposition. 2832:Thomas Brackett Reed 2800:Thomas Brackett Reed 2784:Joseph Warren Keifer 2756:James Abram Garfield 2576:'s fiscal policies. 2558:congressional system 2370:in the United States 2110:Political ideologies 1734:Presidential primary 1172:improve this article 1032:improve this section 446:Speaker of the House 373:History of the House 328:, and Minority Whip 271:Speaker of the House 66:improve this article 15014:Stonewall Democrats 13669:2016 (Philadelphia) 13324:1948 (Philadelphia) 13264:1936 (Philadelphia) 12810:Fourth Party System 12800:Second Party System 12590:College Republicans 11011:2000 (Philadelphia) 10751:1948 (Philadelphia) 10711:1940 (Philadelphia) 10528:1900 (Philadelphia) 10437:1872 (Philadelphia) 10385:1856 (Philadelphia) 10337:Fourth Party System 10146:Building Commission 9627:Legislative Counsel 9548:Library of Congress 9509:Comptroller General 9499:Congressional staff 9184:Senatorial courtesy 8573:Hispanic Conference 7988:Members and leaders 7854:(Caucus Vice Chair) 7818:(Chief Deputy Whip) 7682:(Republican Leader) 7459:The Washington Post 7292:. pp. 144–168. 7044:The Washington Post 6870:. 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Richardson 3372:Robert Smith Walker 3365:Robert Smith Walker 3354:Edward Rell Madigan 2999:standing committees 2512:Politics portal 2347:Department of State 2022:U.S. Virgin Islands 962:from 2003 to 2006. 646:Self-executing rule 352:United States House 14915:Blue Dog Coalition 13589:2000 (Los Angeles) 13444:1972 (Miami Beach) 13384:1960 (Los Angeles) 13164:1916 (Saint Louis) 13118:1904 (Saint Louis) 13105:1900 (Kansas City) 13066:1888 (Saint Louis) 13027:1876 (Saint Louis) 12820:Sixth Party System 12815:Fifth Party System 12805:Third Party System 12622:Republicans Abroad 12487:Legislative Digest 10951:1988 (New Orleans) 10891:1976 (Kansas City) 10871:1972 (Miami Beach) 10851:1968 (Miami Beach) 10651:1928 (Kansas City) 10515:1896 (Saint Louis) 10502:1892 (Minneapolis) 10347:Sixth Party System 10342:Fifth Party System 10332:Third Party System 10218:Old Senate Chamber 10084:VP Bust Collection 9908:United States Code 9840:Jefferson Building 9533:Cap. Guide Service 9400:Divided government 9317:Seal of the Senate 9281:Select and special 9246:Discharge petition 9199:Tie-breaking votes 9164:Recess appointment 9104:Advice and consent 8984:Discharge petition 8927:Appropriation bill 8836:Declaration of war 8028:Non-voting members 7848:(Assistant Leader) 7788:(Conference Chair) 7613:First Among Equals 7398:. October 17, 2023 7208:(December 3, 1883) 6603:The New York Times 6558:"Democratic Whips" 6469:Republican leader 6461:Democratic leader 5192:Charles A. Halleck 4600:Nicholas Longworth 4557:Nicholas Longworth 4183:Theodore Roosevelt 4122:David B. Henderson 4070:Republican leader 4062:Democratic leader 3922:Marilyn Strickland 3898:Sheila Jackson Lee 3863:Sheila Jackson Lee 3149:discharge petition 2976:Inspector General. 2672:Samuel S. Marshall 2574:Alexander Hamilton 2571:Treasury Secretary 2354:Secretary of State 1724:Off-year elections 1706:National Elections 1413:Non-voting members 1291:Federal government 1283: 1252:Origin of the post 937:nor Majority Whip 908:Charles A. Halleck 904:Nicholas Longworth 893:David B. Henderson 609:Origination Clause 367: 354:of Representatives 320:, Minority Leader 312:and Majority Whip 15099: 15098: 15039: 15038: 14925:Justice Democrats 14549:Wasserman Schultz 13040:1880 (Cincinnati) 12949:1856 (Cincinnati) 12748: 12747: 12703: 12702: 12632:Young Republicans 12500:Senate Conference 12458: 12457: 12138: 12137: 10450:1876 (Cincinnati) 10275: 10274: 10271: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10184: 10183: 9988:Statue of Freedom 9952:Statue of Freedom 9931:Brumidi Corridors 9903:Statutes at Large 9857:Publishing Office 9780: 9779: 9640: 9639: 9463: 9462: 9459: 9458: 9413: 9412: 9361:election disputes 9349:speaker elections 9312:Mace of the House 9159:Presiding Officer 9124:Executive session 9071:Unanimous consent 9031:Multiple referral 9016:Lame-duck session 8786: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8712: 8711: 8512:Ethnic and racial 8456: 8455: 8443:Democratic Caucus 8366:Democratic Caucus 8318: 8317: 7898: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7816:Guy Reschenthaler 7688:(Republican Whip) 7434:. pp. 98–99. 7071:. 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Johnson 798:Democratic Caucus 758: 757: 625:Unanimous consent 482:Democratic Caucus 460:list of elections 258:and the other as 142: 141: 134: 116: 16:(Redirected from 15139: 15004:Democrats Abroad 14893:Policy Committee 14878: 14877: 14861:Democrats Abroad 13649:2012 (Charlotte) 13144:1912 (Baltimore) 13014:1872 (Baltimore) 12936:1852 (Baltimore) 12923:1848 (Baltimore) 12910:1844 (Baltimore) 12897:1840 (Baltimore) 12884:1835 (Baltimore) 12871:1832 (Baltimore) 12784: 12783:Democratic Party 12775: 12768: 12761: 12752: 12751: 12505:Policy Committee 12481:House Conference 12471: 12470: 12154: 12153: 11711: 11710: 11131:2024 (Milwaukee) 11091:2016 (Cleveland) 10991:1996 (San Diego) 10691:1936 (Cleveland) 10631:1924 (Cleveland) 10411:1864 (Baltimore) 10311: 10310:Republican Party 10302: 10295: 10288: 10279: 10278: 10101: 10100: 9918:Capitol Building 9892:U.S. Gov. 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CRS–11 6573: 6571: 6569: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6514: 6509: 6508: 6500: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6472:Republican whip 6458:Democratic whip 6434: 6432:— GOP Majority – 6392: 6390:— GOP Majority – 6328: 6326:— Dem Majority – 6264: 6262:— GOP Majority – 6175: 6173:— GOP Majority – 6100: 6098:— Dem Majority – 5920: 5918:— GOP Majority – 5863: 5861:— GOP Majority – 5784: 5782:— Dem Majority – 5714: 5712:— Dem Majority – 5580: 5578:— Dem Majority – 5457: 5455:— Dem Majority – 5345: 5343:— Dem Majority – 5244: 5242:— Dem Majority – 5179: 5177:— GOP Majority – 5111: 5109:— Dem Majority – 5053: 5051:— GOP Majority – 4921: 4919:— Dem Majority – 4859: 4857:— Dem Majority – 4828: 4826:— Dem Majority – 4815:William Bankhead 4763: 4761:— Dem Majority – 4718:Carl G. Bachmann 4694: 4692:— Dem Majority – 4598: 4596:— GOP Majority – 4568:Albert H. Vestal 4546:Finis J. Garrett 4475:Frank W. Mondell 4462: 4460:— GOP Majority – 4374:Charles H. Burke 4329: 4327:— Dem Majority – 4213: 4211:— GOP Majority – 4155:William McKinley 4120: 4118:— GOP Majority – 4092: 4073:Republican whip 4059:Democratic whip 4046: 4045: 3982:Chris Van Hollen 3947:Chris Van Hollen 3932:The position of 3514:Barbara Kennelly 3499:Barbara Kennelly 3474:Dan Rostenkowski 3281:who assists the 3192:Reagan Democrats 3134:winning strategy 3067:Richard Gephardt 2994:Oversight Plans. 2936:Richard Gephardt 2906:Robert H. Michel 2860:Joseph W. Bailey 2844:Charles F. Crisp 2704:George W. Morgan 2604:J. Warren Keifer 2600:John G. Carlisle 2541: 2534: 2527: 2510: 2509: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2317:District Council 2300:Local government 2184:Environmentalism 1548:Executive Office 1543:Federal agencies 1353: 1348: 1268:Politics of the 1267: 1256: 1255: 1200:Responsibilities 1192: 1189: 1183: 1156: 1155: 1148: 1127: 1107: 1100: 1096: 1093: 1087: 1085: 1044: 1012: 1004: 994:primary election 826:William Knowland 750: 743: 736: 722: 721: 720: 651:Rules suspension 455:list of speakers 339: 338: 236:, also known as 210: 193: 174: 157: 137: 130: 126: 123: 117: 115: 74: 46: 38: 21: 15147: 15146: 15142: 15141: 15140: 15138: 15137: 15136: 15127:Political whips 15102: 15101: 15100: 15095: 15035: 14987: 14941: 14872: 14865: 14572: 14570: 14563: 14286: 14280: 14173:C. A. Culberson 14119:J. W. Stevenson 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14095: 13982:D. B. Culberson 13867: 13864: 13862: 13857: 13853: 13846: 13738:administrations 13736: 13728: 13549:1992 (New York) 13489:1980 (New York) 13469:1976 (New York) 13204:1924 (New York) 13001:1868 (New York) 12849: 12846: 12844: 12840: 12837: 12833: 12826: 12786: 12782: 12779: 12749: 12744: 12699: 12652: 12646: 12582: 12576: 12544: 12538: 12465: 12454: 12413: 12149: 12147: 12134: 12083:Chair elections 12078: 11700: 11599:D. B. Henderson 11587:T. J. Henderson 11512: 11509: 11507: 11502: 11498: 11491: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11294: 11167:administrations 11165: 11157: 11051:2008 (St. Paul) 11031:2004 (New York) 10376: 10373: 10371: 10367: 10364: 10360: 10353: 10313: 10309: 10306: 10276: 10263: 10242: 10190: 10180: 10134: 10095: 10088: 9965:Hall of Columns 9912: 9856: 9849: 9787: 9776: 9757:Parliamentarian 9698: 9689:Parliamentarian 9636: 9595: 9562: 9491: 9481: 9474:Capitol Complex 9455: 9409: 9405:Party divisions 9321: 9295: 9213: 9097:Senate-specific 9092: 8947:Closed sessions 8915:Act of Congress 8903: 8877: 8873:Taxing/spending 8797: 8778: 8769:Party switchers 8738:Died in office 8708: 8660: 8644: 8613:Equality Caucus 8596: 8568:Hispanic Caucus 8507: 8482: 8452: 8409: 8314: 8158: 8100: 8037: 7990: 7977: 7934: 7929: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7834:Katherine Clark 7828:Hakeem Jeffries 7821: 7744: 7729: 7720: 7676: 7671: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7641: 7637: 7632: 7628: 7623: 7619: 7610: 7606: 7601: 7597: 7592: 7588: 7583: 7579: 7573:Chicago Tribune 7570: 7566: 7561: 7557: 7539: 7535: 7520: 7516: 7505: 7501: 7496:. p. 2037. 7486: 7482: 7469: 7465: 7456: 7452: 7443: 7439: 7424: 7420: 7415: 7411: 7401: 7399: 7390: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7356: 7352: 7342: 7340: 7333: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7311: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7285: 7281: 7276: 7272: 7265:Capitol Studies 7261: 7254: 7245: 7241: 7232: 7228: 7217: 7213: 7195: 7191: 7176: 7172: 7167:. pp. 28n. 7157: 7153: 7146:Capitol Studies 7142: 7138: 7127: 7123: 7112: 7108: 7101:Capitol Studies 7096: 7092: 7080: 7076: 7057: 7056: 7052: 7035: 7031: 7021: 7019: 7004: 7000: 6990: 6988: 6976: 6972: 6962: 6960: 6948: 6944: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6909: 6908: 6904: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6860: 6859: 6855: 6845: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6829: 6819: 6817: 6809: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6779: 6773: 6769: 6759: 6757: 6745: 6741: 6731: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6693: 6692: 6685: 6675: 6673: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6639: 6623: 6619: 6614: 6613: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6567: 6565: 6556: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6512:Politics portal 6510: 6503: 6496: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6450: 6438: 6433: 6431: 6418: 6407: 6396: 6391: 6389: 6381: 6379:Hakeem Jeffries 6370: 6368:Katherine Clark 6353: 6332: 6327: 6325: 6317: 6306: 6289: 6268: 6263: 6261: 6238: 6227: 6201: 6190: 6179: 6174: 6172: 6164: 6153: 6136: 6125: 6104: 6099: 6097: 6089: 6078: 6057: 6037: 6011: 6000: 5989: 5978: 5957: 5945: 5924: 5919: 5917: 5889: 5878: 5867: 5862: 5860: 5846: 5825: 5799: 5788: 5783: 5781: 5773: 5762: 5750: 5739: 5718: 5713: 5711: 5703: 5692: 5655: 5644: 5633: 5622: 5595: 5584: 5579: 5577: 5569: 5558: 5541: 5530: 5509: 5493: 5482: 5461: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5435: 5418: 5387: 5370: 5349: 5344: 5342: 5334: 5323: 5311: 5309:John F. Kennedy 5290: 5288:Charles Halleck 5259: 5248: 5243: 5241: 5233: 5222: 5205: 5194: 5183: 5178: 5176: 5168: 5157: 5126: 5115: 5110: 5108: 5100: 5089: 5068: 5066:Charles Halleck 5057: 5052: 5050: 5042: 5031: 5010: 4998: 4996:Harry S. Truman 4977: 4951: 4949:Robert Ramspeck 4925: 4920: 4918: 4910: 4894: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4848: 4832: 4827: 4825: 4817: 4806: 4789: 4778: 4767: 4765:Henry T. Rainey 4762: 4760: 4752: 4741: 4720: 4709: 4698: 4693: 4691: 4683: 4681:Henry T. Rainey 4666: 4655: 4644: 4613: 4602: 4597: 4595: 4581: 4579:Calvin Coolidge 4570: 4559: 4548: 4531: 4520: 4509: 4488: 4477: 4466: 4461: 4459: 4451: 4420: 4409: 4387: 4376: 4365: 4344: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4318: 4316:Oscar Underwood 4301: 4290: 4279: 4238: 4236:James E. Watson 4217: 4212: 4210: 4202: 4185: 4174: 4157: 4146: 4135: 4133:Sereno E. Payne 4124: 4119: 4117: 4109: 4098: 4096:Oscar Underwood 4090: 4051: 4041: 4014:Katherine Clark 3930: 3839:Cedric Richmond 3537:Bill Richardson 3522:Bill Richardson 3414:Patrick McHenry 3361:Steve Gunderson 3258: 3253: 3217:Charles Halleck 3213:Everett Dirksen 3039: 3037:Party functions 3027:Rules Committee 2972:in the House." 2952: 2877: 2688:Michael C. Kerr 2639: 2545: 2516: 2504: 2494: 2492: 2484: 2483: 2435: 2417: 2397: 2378:Nationality law 2374: 2362: 2342: 2332: 2331: 2304: 2259: 2249: 2248: 2235: 2170: 2112: 2102: 2101: 2093: 2073: 2059: 2049: 2048: 2036: 2026: 1748: 1740: 1710: 1701: 1691: 1690: 1685:Other tribunals 1680: 1646:District courts 1628: 1563: 1553: 1552: 1534: 1530:Merrick Garland 1482: 1472: 1471: 1466:Mitch McConnell 1463:Minority Leader 1452:Majority Leader 1417: 1393:Hakeem Jeffries 1390:Minority Leader 1379:Majority Leader 1355: 1332: 1322: 1321: 1293: 1270: 1254: 1202: 1193: 1187: 1184: 1169: 1157: 1153: 1146: 1144:Minority leader 1138:trade agreement 1119: 1108: 1097: 1091: 1088: 1045: 1043: 1029: 1013: 1002: 1000:Majority leader 846: 806:majority leader 804:, and had been 763: 754: 718: 716: 709: 708: 655: 634: 618: 602: 581: 544: 540:Plural district 528: 491: 470: 465: 442: 439: 438: 421:Hill committees 411: 410: 388:Current members 353: 330:Katherine Clark 322:Hakeem Jeffries 294: 260:minority leader 256:majority leader 228: 227: 226: 225: 221: 220: 219: 216:Katherine Clark 214: 211: 203: 202: 199:Hakeem Jeffries 197: 196:Minority Leader 194: 185: 184: 183: 178: 175: 167: 166: 161: 160:Majority Leader 158: 149: 148: 138: 127: 121: 118: 75: 73: 59: 47: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15145: 15135: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15097: 15096: 15094: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15047: 15045: 15041: 15040: 15037: 15036: 15034: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15022: 15021: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14995: 14993: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14949: 14947: 14943: 14942: 14940: 14939: 14938: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14907: 14902: 14901: 14900: 14895: 14884: 14882: 14875: 14867: 14866: 14864: 14863: 14858: 14856:Virgin Islands 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14831:American Samoa 14828: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14776:South Carolina 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14741:North Carolina 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14577: 14575: 14565: 14564: 14562: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14522: 14513: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14293: 14291: 14282: 14281: 14279: 14278: 14272: 14266: 14260: 14254: 14248: 14242: 14236: 14230: 14224: 14218: 14212: 14206: 14200: 14194: 14188: 14182: 14176: 14170: 14164: 14158: 14152: 14146: 14140: 14134: 14128: 14122: 14115: 14113: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14087: 14081: 14075: 14069: 14063: 14057: 14051: 14045: 14039: 14033: 14027: 14021: 14015: 14009: 14003: 13997: 13991: 13985: 13979: 13973: 13967: 13961: 13955: 13949: 13943: 13933: 13927: 13921: 13915: 13909: 13903: 13897: 13891: 13885: 13879: 13872: 13870: 13848: 13847: 13845: 13844: 13838: 13832: 13826: 13820: 13814: 13808: 13802: 13791: 13785: 13779: 13773: 13767: 13761: 13755: 13749: 13742: 13740: 13730: 13729: 13727: 13726: 13725: 13724: 13709:2024 (Chicago) 13706: 13705: 13704: 13686: 13685: 13684: 13666: 13665: 13664: 13646: 13645: 13644: 13626: 13625: 13624: 13606: 13605: 13604: 13586: 13585: 13584: 13569:1996 (Chicago) 13566: 13565: 13564: 13546: 13545: 13544: 13529:1988 (Atlanta) 13526: 13525: 13524: 13506: 13505: 13504: 13486: 13485: 13484: 13466: 13465: 13464: 13441: 13440: 13439: 13424:1968 (Chicago) 13421: 13420: 13419: 13401: 13400: 13399: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13364:1956 (Chicago) 13361: 13360: 13359: 13344:1952 (Chicago) 13341: 13340: 13339: 13321: 13320: 13319: 13304:1944 (Chicago) 13301: 13300: 13299: 13284:1940 (Chicago) 13281: 13280: 13279: 13261: 13260: 13259: 13244:1932 (Chicago) 13241: 13240: 13239: 13224:1928 (Houston) 13221: 13220: 13219: 13201: 13200: 13199: 13181: 13180: 13179: 13161: 13160: 13159: 13141: 13128: 13115: 13102: 13092:1896 (Chicago) 13089: 13079:1892 (Chicago) 13076: 13063: 13053:1884 (Chicago) 13050: 13037: 13024: 13011: 12998: 12988:1864 (Chicago) 12985: 12959: 12946: 12933: 12920: 12907: 12894: 12881: 12868: 12854: 12852: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12824: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12778: 12777: 12770: 12763: 12755: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12711: 12709: 12705: 12704: 12701: 12700: 12698: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12685:Liberty Caucus 12682: 12680:ConservAmerica 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12656: 12654: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12598: 12597: 12586: 12584: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12548: 12546: 12540: 12539: 12537: 12536: 12535: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12517:Freedom Caucus 12509: 12508: 12507: 12497: 12496: 12495: 12490: 12477: 12475: 12468: 12460: 12459: 12456: 12455: 12453: 12452: 12450:Virgin Islands 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12425:American Samoa 12421: 12419: 12415: 12414: 12412: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12359:South Carolina 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12324:North Carolina 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12160: 12158: 12151: 12140: 12139: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12086: 12084: 12080: 12079: 12077: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11717: 11715: 11708: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11698: 11692: 11686: 11680: 11674: 11668: 11662: 11656: 11650: 11644: 11638: 11632: 11626: 11620: 11614: 11608: 11602: 11596: 11590: 11584: 11578: 11572: 11566: 11560: 11554: 11548: 11542: 11536: 11530: 11524: 11517: 11515: 11493: 11492: 11490: 11489: 11483: 11477: 11471: 11465: 11459: 11453: 11447: 11441: 11435: 11429: 11423: 11417: 11411: 11405: 11399: 11393: 11387: 11381: 11375: 11369: 11363: 11357: 11351: 11345: 11339: 11333: 11327: 11321: 11314: 11312: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11292: 11286: 11280: 11274: 11268: 11262: 11256: 11250: 11244: 11238: 11232: 11226: 11220: 11214: 11208: 11202: 11196: 11190: 11184: 11178: 11171: 11169: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11155: 11152:2028 (Houston) 11148: 11147: 11146: 11128: 11127: 11126: 11108: 11107: 11106: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11068: 11067: 11066: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11028: 11027: 11026: 11008: 11007: 11006: 10988: 10987: 10986: 10971:1992 (Houston) 10968: 10967: 10966: 10948: 10947: 10946: 10928: 10927: 10926: 10911:1980 (Detroit) 10908: 10907: 10906: 10888: 10887: 10886: 10868: 10867: 10866: 10848: 10847: 10846: 10828: 10827: 10826: 10811:1960 (Chicago) 10808: 10807: 10806: 10788: 10787: 10786: 10771:1952 (Chicago) 10768: 10767: 10766: 10748: 10747: 10746: 10731:1944 (Chicago) 10728: 10727: 10726: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10688: 10687: 10686: 10671:1932 (Chicago) 10668: 10667: 10666: 10648: 10647: 10646: 10628: 10627: 10626: 10611:1920 (Chicago) 10608: 10607: 10606: 10591:1916 (Chicago) 10588: 10587: 10586: 10567:1912 (Chicago) 10564: 10554:1908 (Chicago) 10551: 10541:1904 (Chicago) 10538: 10525: 10512: 10499: 10489:1888 (Chicago) 10486: 10476:1884 (Chicago) 10473: 10463:1880 (Chicago) 10460: 10447: 10434: 10424:1868 (Chicago) 10421: 10408: 10398:1860 (Chicago) 10395: 10381: 10379: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10349: 10344: 10339: 10334: 10329: 10318: 10315: 10314: 10305: 10304: 10297: 10290: 10282: 10273: 10272: 10269: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10261: 10256: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10213:Senate chamber 10210: 10205: 10200: 10198:Botanic Garden 10194: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10182: 10181: 10179: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10151:office lottery 10148: 10142: 10140: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10132: 10127: 10126: 10125: 10113: 10107: 10105: 10098: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10069: 10062: 10059:Columbus Doors 10055: 10048: 10041: 10034: 10027: 10020: 10013: 10006: 9999: 9991: 9984: 9977: 9975:Visitor Center 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9956: 9955: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9922: 9920: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9888: 9881: 9874: 9867: 9865:Public Printer 9861: 9859: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9835:Adams Building 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9816: 9815: 9805: 9804: 9803: 9792: 9790: 9782: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9706: 9704: 9700: 9699: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9655: 9653: 9646: 9642: 9641: 9638: 9637: 9635: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9603: 9601: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9577: 9575: 9568: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9518: 9513: 9512: 9511: 9501: 9495: 9493: 9483: 9482: 9465: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9453: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9427: 9421: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9411: 9410: 9408: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9363: 9356:Senate history 9353: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9335: 9329: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9303: 9301: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9231:ranking member 9223: 9221: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9194:Standing Rules 9191: 9186: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9169:Reconciliation 9166: 9161: 9156: 9154:Nuclear option 9151: 9146: 9143:Senate Journal 9139: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9100: 9098: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9089: 9088: 9083: 9081:Line-item veto 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9046:Reconciliation 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9012: 9011: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8954: 8944: 8939: 8937:Budget process 8934: 8929: 8924: 8923: 8922: 8911: 8909: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8885: 8883: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8858:Naturalization 8855: 8854: 8853: 8848: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8820: 8815: 8809: 8807: 8799: 8798: 8788: 8787: 8784: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8760: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8720: 8718: 8714: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8706: 8699: 8697:Quaker members 8694: 8692:Muslim members 8689: 8684: 8682:Jewish members 8679: 8674: 8668: 8666: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8658: 8652: 8650: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8617: 8616: 8615: 8604: 8602: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8580:Jewish members 8577: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8555: 8554: 8553: 8543: 8538: 8537: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8515: 8513: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8505: 8499: 8497: 8488: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8480: 8478:Gerrymandering 8475: 8470: 8464: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8429: 8428: 8417: 8415: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8385: 8384: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8363: 8358: 8357: 8356: 8346: 8345: 8344: 8333: 8331: 8324: 8320: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8166: 8164: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8120: 8119: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8045: 8043: 8039: 8038: 8036: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8009: 8007: 8000: 7992: 7991: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7975: 7970: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7928: 7927: 7920: 7913: 7905: 7896: 7895: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7884:Jan Schakowsky 7881: 7867: 7864:Debbie Dingell 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7842:(Caucus Chair) 7837: 7831: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7819: 7813: 7807: 7801: 7795: 7792:Richard Hudson 7789: 7786:Elise Stefanik 7783: 7777: 7770: 7767: 7766: 7759: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7719: 7718: 7711: 7704: 7696: 7690: 7689: 7683: 7675: 7674:External links 7672: 7670: 7669: 7655: 7635: 7626: 7617: 7604: 7595: 7586: 7577: 7564: 7555: 7533: 7530:. p. 379. 7514: 7499: 7480: 7477:. p. 640. 7463: 7450: 7437: 7418: 7409: 7383: 7376: 7350: 7321: 7295: 7279: 7270: 7252: 7239: 7226: 7211: 7189: 7170: 7151: 7136: 7121: 7106: 7090: 7074: 7050: 7029: 7012:Smart Politics 6998: 6970: 6942: 6922: 6902: 6881: 6853: 6827: 6797: 6767: 6739: 6713: 6683: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6618: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6596: 6574: 6545: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6501: 6485: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6476:U.S. President 6473: 6470: 6467: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6445: 6444: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6413: 6402: 6394:Kevin McCarthy 6387: 6376: 6365: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6348: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6323: 6312: 6309:South Carolina 6301: 6298: 6292: 6291: 6284: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6259: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6233: 6225:Kevin McCarthy 6222: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6199:Kevin McCarthy 6196: 6185: 6170: 6159: 6148: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6131: 6120: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6095: 6084: 6081:South Carolina 6073: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6032: 6028: 6027: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6006: 5995: 5984: 5973: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5943:George W. Bush 5940: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5922:Dennis Hastert 5915: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5884: 5873: 5858: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5841: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5820: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5806: 5805: 5794: 5779: 5768: 5757: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5734: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5709: 5698: 5687: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5650: 5639: 5628: 5617: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5590: 5575: 5564: 5553: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5536: 5525: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5488: 5480:John J. McFall 5477: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5452: 5441: 5430: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5413: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5382: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5365: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5340: 5329: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5306: 5303: 5297: 5296: 5285: 5282: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5254: 5239: 5228: 5217: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5200: 5189: 5174: 5163: 5152: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5121: 5106: 5095: 5084: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5063: 5048: 5037: 5026: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4993: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4946: 4942: 4941: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4916: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4889: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4854: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4823: 4812: 4801: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4784: 4773: 4758: 4747: 4736: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4715: 4707:Bertrand Snell 4704: 4689: 4678: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4664:Herbert Hoover 4661: 4650: 4639: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4611:John Q. Tilson 4608: 4593: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4565: 4554: 4543: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4526: 4523:North Carolina 4518:Claude Kitchin 4515: 4504: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4486:Harold Knutson 4483: 4472: 4457: 4446: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4415: 4412:North Carolina 4407:Claude Kitchin 4404: 4399: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4385:Woodrow Wilson 4382: 4371: 4363:Thomas M. Bell 4360: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4339: 4324: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4296: 4288:John W. Dwight 4285: 4274: 4269: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4208: 4197: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4180: 4169: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4152: 4141: 4130: 4115: 4104: 4093: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4079:U.S. President 4076: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4031:2024-present: 4029: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4010: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3978: 3976:Xavier Becerra 3972: 3966: 3959: 3958: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3910:Sharice Davids 3886:Jan Schakowsky 3884:2023–present: 3882: 3847:Jan Schakowsky 3835: 3828:Kyrsten Sinema 3816:Jan Schakowsky 3804:Joaquin Castro 3792: 3777:Jan Schakowsky 3749: 3734:Jan Schakowsky 3706: 3691:Jan Schakowsky 3667: 3656:Jan Schakowsky 3632: 3625:Jan Schakowsky 3597: 3578: 3559: 3540: 3525: 3510:Butler Derrick 3506: 3495:Butler Derrick 3491: 3484: 3481:Bill Alexander 3477: 3470: 3463: 3460:John J. McFall 3452: 3445: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3426:2023–present: 3424: 3417: 3410: 3403: 3400:Kevin McCarthy 3396: 3389: 3382: 3379:Dennis Hastert 3375: 3368: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3340:David F. Emery 3335: 3334: 3322:Jan Schakowsky 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3244: 3243: 3236:ranking Member 3158:press releases 3126:Participation. 3044:106th Congress 3038: 3035: 2951: 2948: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2868: 2852: 2836: 2820: 2804: 2788: 2776: 2760: 2744: 2724: 2712: 2696: 2680: 2664: 2638: 2635: 2591: 2590: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2536: 2529: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2502: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2469:European Union 2466: 2464:United Kingdom 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2416: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2408: 2396: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2373: 2372: 2361: 2360: 2358:Antony Blinken 2350: 2349: 2343: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2327:Superior Court 2324: 2319: 2313: 2312: 2303: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2260: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2226: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2194:Libertarianism 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2147:Traditionalist 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2113: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2060: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2035: 2034: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 2002:American Samoa 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1947:South Carolina 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1912:North Carolina 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1747: 1746: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1709: 1708: 1702: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1573: 1572: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1533: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1517: 1516: 1509: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1492: 1491: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1459: 1458: 1448: 1447: 1437: 1436: 1426: 1425: 1416: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1397: 1396: 1386: 1385: 1375: 1374: 1364: 1363: 1342: 1341: 1333: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1274: 1273: 1263: 1262: 1253: 1250: 1242:Bertrand Snell 1237: 1236: 1233: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1160: 1158: 1151: 1145: 1142: 1110: 1109: 1016: 1014: 1007: 1001: 998: 960:Dennis Hastert 943:Dennis Hastert 927:Kevin McCarthy 845: 842: 790:107th Congress 782:108th Congress 762: 759: 756: 755: 753: 752: 745: 738: 730: 727: 726: 713: 712: 711: 710: 707: 706: 700: 695: 690: 685: 678: 674: 672: 664: 663: 659: 658: 657: 656: 654: 653: 648: 642: 640: 635: 633: 632: 627: 621: 619: 617: 616: 611: 605: 603: 601: 600: 595: 584: 582: 580: 579: 574: 567:Closed session 563: 561: 553: 552: 548: 547: 546: 545: 543: 542: 537: 535:General ticket 531: 529: 527: 526: 524:Gerrymandering 521: 515: 513: 500: 499: 493: 492: 490: 489: 484: 478: 477: 476: 469: 468: 467: 466: 464: 463: 457: 450: 441: 440: 437: 436: 430: 423: 419: 417: 415:Former members 412: 409: 408: 402: 397: 390: 386: 381: 380: 376: 375: 369: 368: 357: 356: 348: 347: 293: 290: 223: 222: 212: 205: 204: 195: 188: 187: 186: 176: 169: 168: 159: 152: 151: 150: 146: 145: 144: 143: 140: 139: 64:. Please help 50: 48: 41: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15144: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15109: 15107: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15066:Superdelegate 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15048: 15046: 15042: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15020: 15017: 15016: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14996: 14994: 14990: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14950: 14948: 14944: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14912: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14890: 14889: 14888:Senate Caucus 14886: 14885: 14883: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14868: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14816:West Virginia 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14721:New Hampshire 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14681:Massachusetts 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14578: 14576: 14574: 14566: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14292: 14290: 14283: 14276: 14273: 14270: 14267: 14264: 14261: 14258: 14255: 14252: 14249: 14246: 14243: 14240: 14237: 14234: 14231: 14228: 14225: 14222: 14219: 14216: 14213: 14210: 14207: 14204: 14201: 14198: 14195: 14192: 14189: 14186: 14183: 14180: 14177: 14174: 14171: 14168: 14165: 14162: 14159: 14156: 14153: 14150: 14147: 14144: 14141: 14138: 14135: 14132: 14129: 14126: 14123: 14120: 14117: 14116: 14114: 14112: 14104: 14098: 14091: 14088: 14085: 14082: 14079: 14076: 14073: 14070: 14067: 14064: 14061: 14058: 14055: 14052: 14049: 14046: 14043: 14040: 14037: 14034: 14031: 14028: 14025: 14022: 14019: 14016: 14013: 14010: 14007: 14004: 14001: 13998: 13995: 13992: 13989: 13986: 13983: 13980: 13977: 13974: 13971: 13968: 13965: 13962: 13959: 13956: 13953: 13950: 13947: 13944: 13941: 13937: 13934: 13931: 13928: 13925: 13922: 13919: 13916: 13913: 13910: 13907: 13904: 13901: 13898: 13895: 13892: 13889: 13886: 13883: 13880: 13877: 13874: 13873: 13871: 13869: 13860: 13855: 13849: 13842: 13839: 13836: 13833: 13830: 13827: 13824: 13821: 13818: 13817:L. B. Johnson 13815: 13812: 13809: 13806: 13803: 13800: 13796: 13792: 13789: 13786: 13783: 13780: 13777: 13774: 13771: 13768: 13765: 13762: 13759: 13756: 13753: 13750: 13747: 13744: 13743: 13741: 13739: 13735: 13731: 13723: 13720: 13719: 13718: 13714: 13710: 13707: 13703: 13700: 13699: 13698: 13694: 13690: 13687: 13683: 13680: 13679: 13678: 13674: 13670: 13667: 13663: 13660: 13659: 13658: 13654: 13650: 13647: 13643: 13640: 13639: 13638: 13634: 13630: 13629:2008 (Denver) 13627: 13623: 13620: 13619: 13618: 13614: 13610: 13609:2004 (Boston) 13607: 13603: 13600: 13599: 13598: 13594: 13590: 13587: 13583: 13580: 13579: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13567: 13563: 13560: 13559: 13558: 13554: 13550: 13547: 13543: 13540: 13539: 13538: 13534: 13530: 13527: 13523: 13520: 13519: 13518: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13503: 13500: 13499: 13498: 13494: 13490: 13487: 13483: 13480: 13479: 13478: 13474: 13470: 13467: 13463: 13460: 13459: 13457: 13453: 13449: 13445: 13442: 13438: 13435: 13434: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13422: 13418: 13415: 13414: 13413: 13409: 13405: 13402: 13398: 13395: 13394: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13382: 13378: 13375: 13374: 13373: 13369: 13365: 13362: 13358: 13355: 13354: 13353: 13349: 13345: 13342: 13338: 13335: 13334: 13333: 13329: 13325: 13322: 13318: 13315: 13314: 13313: 13309: 13305: 13302: 13298: 13295: 13294: 13293: 13289: 13285: 13282: 13278: 13275: 13274: 13273: 13269: 13265: 13262: 13258: 13255: 13254: 13253: 13249: 13245: 13242: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13222: 13218: 13215: 13214: 13213: 13209: 13205: 13202: 13198: 13195: 13194: 13193: 13189: 13185: 13182: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13173: 13169: 13165: 13162: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13153: 13149: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13131:1908 (Denver) 13129: 13127: 13123: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13110: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13097: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13084: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13071: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13058: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13045: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13019: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13006: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12993: 12989: 12986: 12983: 12979: 12975: 12971: 12967: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12954: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12941: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12928: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12915: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12902: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12889: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12876: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12863: 12859: 12856: 12855: 12853: 12851: 12842: 12835: 12829: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12796: 12793: 12792: 12789: 12785: 12776: 12771: 12769: 12764: 12762: 12757: 12756: 12753: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12710: 12706: 12696: 12695:The Wish List 12693: 12691: 12690:Ripon Society 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12655: 12649: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12596: 12593: 12592: 12591: 12588: 12587: 12585: 12579: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12547: 12541: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12514: 12513: 12510: 12506: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12498: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12488: 12484: 12483: 12482: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12466:organizations 12461: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12416: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12399:West Virginia 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12304:New Hampshire 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12264:Massachusetts 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12155: 12152: 12145: 12141: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12081: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11703: 11696: 11693: 11690: 11687: 11684: 11681: 11678: 11675: 11672: 11669: 11666: 11663: 11660: 11657: 11654: 11651: 11648: 11645: 11642: 11639: 11636: 11633: 11630: 11627: 11624: 11621: 11618: 11615: 11612: 11609: 11606: 11603: 11600: 11597: 11594: 11591: 11588: 11585: 11582: 11579: 11576: 11573: 11570: 11567: 11564: 11561: 11558: 11555: 11552: 11549: 11546: 11543: 11540: 11537: 11534: 11531: 11528: 11525: 11522: 11519: 11518: 11516: 11514: 11505: 11500: 11494: 11487: 11484: 11481: 11478: 11475: 11472: 11469: 11466: 11463: 11460: 11457: 11454: 11451: 11448: 11445: 11442: 11439: 11436: 11433: 11430: 11427: 11424: 11421: 11418: 11415: 11412: 11409: 11406: 11403: 11400: 11397: 11394: 11391: 11388: 11385: 11382: 11379: 11376: 11373: 11370: 11367: 11364: 11361: 11358: 11355: 11352: 11349: 11346: 11343: 11340: 11337: 11334: 11331: 11328: 11325: 11322: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11311: 11303: 11297: 11290: 11287: 11284: 11281: 11278: 11277:G. H. W. Bush 11275: 11272: 11269: 11266: 11263: 11260: 11257: 11254: 11251: 11248: 11245: 11242: 11239: 11236: 11233: 11230: 11227: 11224: 11221: 11218: 11215: 11212: 11209: 11206: 11203: 11200: 11197: 11194: 11191: 11188: 11185: 11182: 11179: 11176: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11168: 11164: 11160: 11154: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11142: 11141: 11140: 11136: 11132: 11129: 11125: 11122: 11121: 11120: 11116: 11112: 11109: 11105: 11102: 11101: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11089: 11085: 11082: 11081: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11069: 11065: 11062: 11061: 11060: 11056: 11052: 11049: 11045: 11042: 11041: 11040: 11036: 11032: 11029: 11025: 11022: 11021: 11020: 11016: 11012: 11009: 11005: 11002: 11001: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10989: 10985: 10982: 10981: 10980: 10976: 10975:G. H. W. Bush 10972: 10969: 10965: 10962: 10961: 10960: 10956: 10955:G. H. W. Bush 10952: 10949: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10940: 10939:G. H. W. Bush 10936: 10932: 10931:1984 (Dallas) 10929: 10925: 10922: 10921: 10920: 10919:G. H. W. Bush 10916: 10912: 10909: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10889: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10869: 10865: 10862: 10861: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10849: 10845: 10842: 10841: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10829: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10820: 10816: 10812: 10809: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10800: 10796: 10792: 10789: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10769: 10765: 10762: 10761: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10749: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10740: 10736: 10732: 10729: 10725: 10722: 10721: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10709: 10705: 10702: 10701: 10700: 10696: 10692: 10689: 10685: 10682: 10681: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10669: 10665: 10662: 10661: 10660: 10656: 10652: 10649: 10645: 10642: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10632: 10629: 10625: 10622: 10621: 10620: 10616: 10612: 10609: 10605: 10602: 10601: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10585: 10582: 10581: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10520: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10494: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10455: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10442: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10416: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10369: 10362: 10356: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10338: 10335: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10320: 10319: 10316: 10312: 10303: 10298: 10296: 10291: 10289: 10284: 10283: 10280: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10245: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10187: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10143: 10141: 10137: 10131: 10128: 10124: 10123: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10091: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10074: 10070: 10068: 10067: 10063: 10061: 10060: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10049: 10047: 10046: 10042: 10040: 10039: 10035: 10033: 10032: 10028: 10026: 10025: 10021: 10019: 10018: 10014: 10012: 10011: 10007: 10005: 10004: 10000: 9998: 9996: 9992: 9990: 9989: 9985: 9983: 9982: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9970:Statuary Hall 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9954: 9953: 9949: 9948: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9915: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9893: 9889: 9887: 9886: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9873: 9872: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9852: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9825:Poet Laureate 9823: 9821: 9818: 9814: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9806: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9797: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9783: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9767:Reading Clerk 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9751: 9748: 9747: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9701: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9650: 9647: 9643: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9607:Congr. Ethics 9605: 9604: 9602: 9598: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9572: 9569: 9565: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9527: 9524: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9488: 9484: 9479: 9475: 9470: 9466: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9445: 9444: 9440: 9438: 9437: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9416: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9340: 9339:House history 9337: 9336: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9324: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9298: 9292: 9291:Subcommittees 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9276:List (Senate) 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9216: 9210: 9209:Treaty Clause 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9144: 9140: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9095: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9010: 9007: 9006: 9005: 9004:Joint session 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8989:Enrolled bill 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8921: 8918: 8917: 8916: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8906: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8880: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8793: 8789: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8715: 8705: 8704: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8677:Hindu members 8675: 8673: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8663: 8657: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8647: 8639: 8638:current House 8636: 8634: 8633:Issues Caucus 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8599: 8593: 8590: 8586: 8583: 8582: 8581: 8578: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8560: 8559: 8556: 8552: 8549: 8548: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8489: 8485: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8473:Apportionment 8471: 8469: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8427: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8412: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8389: 8386: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8368: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8355: 8352: 8351: 8350: 8347: 8343: 8340: 8339: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8328: 8325: 8321: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8161: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8118: 8115: 8114: 8113: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8040: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8004: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7984: 7980: 7974: 7971: 7968: 7965: → 7964: 7961: ← 7960: 7956: 7954: 7953:Joint session 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7937: 7933: 7926: 7921: 7919: 7914: 7912: 7907: 7906: 7903: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7875: 7871: 7868: 7865: 7862: 7859: 7858:Suzan DelBene 7856: 7853: 7850: 7847: 7844: 7841: 7838: 7835: 7832: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7787: 7784: 7781: 7778: 7775: 7774:Steve Scalise 7772: 7771: 7769: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7757: 7753: 7752: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7738: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7717: 7712: 7710: 7705: 7703: 7698: 7697: 7694: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7658: 7656:9780801857126 7652: 7649:. JHU Press. 7648: 7647: 7639: 7630: 7621: 7614: 7608: 7599: 7590: 7581: 7574: 7568: 7559: 7551: 7547: 7545: 7537: 7529: 7525: 7518: 7510: 7503: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7476: 7475: 7467: 7460: 7454: 7447: 7441: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7413: 7397: 7396:Our Campaigns 7393: 7387: 7379: 7377:9780691118123 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7354: 7339: 7332: 7325: 7309: 7305: 7299: 7291: 7283: 7274: 7266: 7259: 7257: 7249: 7243: 7236: 7230: 7222: 7215: 7207: 7203: 7201: 7193: 7186:. p. 28. 7185: 7181: 7174: 7166: 7162: 7155: 7147: 7140: 7132: 7125: 7117: 7110: 7102: 7094: 7086: 7078: 7070: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7054: 7046: 7045: 7040: 7033: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7002: 6987: 6986: 6981: 6974: 6959: 6958: 6953: 6946: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6926: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6906: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6885: 6869: 6868: 6867:Washingtonian 6863: 6857: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6815: 6808: 6801: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6743: 6724: 6717: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6690: 6688: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6638: 6637: 6630: 6621: 6620: 6605: 6604: 6597: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6563: 6559: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6507: 6502: 6499: 6488: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6437: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6411: 6406: 6405:Steve Scalise 6400: 6395: 6388: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6373:Massachusetts 6369: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6354:(Democratic) 6352: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6336: 6331: 6321: 6316: 6310: 6305: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6290:(Republican) 6288: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6267: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6237: 6236:Steve Scalise 6231: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6200: 6194: 6189: 6183: 6178: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6137:(Democratic) 6135: 6129: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6103: 6093: 6088: 6082: 6077: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6010: 6004: 5999: 5993: 5988: 5982: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5946:(Republican) 5944: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5882: 5877: 5871: 5866: 5865:Newt Gingrich 5856: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5847:(Democratic) 5845: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5798: 5797:Newt Gingrich 5792: 5787: 5777: 5772: 5771:Dick Gephardt 5766: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5751:(Republican) 5749: 5743: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5717: 5707: 5702: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5656:(Republican) 5654: 5653:Ronald Reagan 5648: 5643: 5637: 5632: 5626: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5596:(Democratic) 5594: 5588: 5587:Massachusetts 5583: 5573: 5568: 5562: 5557: 5556:John Brademas 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5542:(Republican) 5540: 5537: 5534: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5496:Massachusetts 5492: 5486: 5481: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5460: 5450: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5438:Massachusetts 5434: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5419:(Republican) 5417: 5416:Richard Nixon 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5371:(Democratic) 5369: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5352:Massachusetts 5348: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5312:(Democratic) 5310: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5262:Massachusetts 5258: 5252: 5247: 5237: 5236:Massachusetts 5232: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5206:(Republican) 5204: 5198: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5186:Massachusetts 5182: 5175: 5172: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5160:Massachusetts 5156: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5129:Massachusetts 5125: 5119: 5114: 5104: 5103:Massachusetts 5099: 5093: 5088: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5060:Massachusetts 5056: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5034:Massachusetts 5030: 5027: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5008:John Sparkman 5006: 5003: 5002: 4999:(Democratic) 4997: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4976: 4975:Leslie Arends 4970: 4969: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4914: 4913:Massachusetts 4909: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4897:Massachusetts 4893: 4887: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4852: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4824: 4821: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4805: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4790:(Democratic) 4788: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4766: 4759: 4756: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4723:West Virginia 4719: 4716: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4697: 4690: 4687: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4667:(Republican) 4665: 4659: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4643: 4642:John McDuffie 4637: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4582:(Republican) 4580: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4532:(Republican) 4530: 4527: 4524: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4508: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4487: 4481: 4476: 4470: 4469:Massachusetts 4465: 4455: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4388:(Democratic) 4386: 4380: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4332: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4302:(Republican) 4300: 4294: 4289: 4283: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4206: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4186:(Republican) 4184: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4158:(Republican) 4156: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4139: 4134: 4128: 4123: 4113: 4108: 4102: 4097: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4034: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4011: 4009: 4008:Ben Ray Luján 4005: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3923: 3919: 3918:Linda Sánchez 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3902:Jimmy Panetta 3899: 3895: 3894:Henry Cuellar 3891: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3859:Henry Cuellar 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3812:Keith Ellison 3809: 3808:Diana DeGette 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3769:Ben Ray Lujan 3766: 3765:Keith Ellison 3762: 3761:Diana DeGette 3758: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3742:Maxine Waters 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3722:Diana DeGette 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3704: 3703:Maxine Waters 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3683:Diana DeGette 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3664:Maxine Waters 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3644:Diana DeGette 3641: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3629:Maxine Waters 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3594:Maxine Waters 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3575:Maxine Waters 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3467:John Brademas 3464: 3461: 3457: 3456:John Brademas 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3421:Drew Ferguson 3418: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3294:Minority Whip 3290: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3275:Majority Whip 3271: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3248: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3228:rank-and-file 3224: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3188:Robert Michel 3184: 3180: 3178: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3135: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3034: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2966:Drug Testing. 2963: 2960: 2958: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902:Joseph Cannon 2899: 2898:private bills 2895: 2891: 2890:James R. Mann 2885: 2883: 2872: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2720:Fernando Wood 2716: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567:James Madison 2563: 2559: 2555: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2519: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2487: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2474:Latin America 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2375: 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1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1892:New Hampshire 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1852:Massachusetts 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1577:Chief Justice 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1556: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1513:Kamala Harris 1511: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1476: 1475: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1455:Chuck Schumer 1453: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1433:Kamala Harris 1431: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1382:Steve Scalise 1380: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1326: 1325: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1280: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271:United States 1265: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1249: 1245: 1243: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1191: 1188:November 2010 1181: 1177: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1163:reads like a 1161:This article 1159: 1150: 1149: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1116: 1106: 1103: 1095: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1053: – 1052: 1048: 1047:Find sources: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1017:This section 1015: 1011: 1006: 1005: 997: 995: 991: 986: 983: 977: 975: 974: 967: 963: 961: 957: 952: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931:Newt Gingrich 928: 924: 919: 917: 916:Dick Gephardt 913: 909: 905: 900: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 816:By contrast, 814: 812: 807: 803: 799: 795: 794:Dick Gephardt 791: 787: 786:minority whip 783: 779: 774: 772: 768: 751: 746: 744: 739: 737: 732: 731: 729: 728: 725: 715: 714: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 680: 679: 677: 673: 671: 668: 667: 666: 665: 661: 660: 652: 649: 647: 644: 643: 641: 639: 636: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 620: 615: 612: 610: 607: 606: 604: 599: 596: 593: 589: 586: 585: 583: 578: 575: 572: 568: 565: 564: 562: 560: 557: 556: 555: 554: 550: 549: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 530: 525: 522: 520: 519:Redistricting 517: 516: 514: 511: 507: 506:Apportionment 504: 503: 502: 501: 498: 495: 494: 488: 485: 483: 480: 479: 475: 474:Party leaders 472: 471: 461: 458: 456: 452: 451: 449: 448: 447: 444: 443: 434: 431: 429: 425: 424: 422: 418: 416: 413: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 392: 391: 389: 385: 384: 383: 382: 378: 377: 374: 371: 370: 363: 359: 358: 355: 350: 349: 345: 341: 340: 337: 335: 334:Massachusetts 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 306:Steve Scalise 303: 299: 289: 287: 283: 279: 274: 272: 268: 263: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 240: 239:floor leaders 235: 234: 217: 213:Minority Whip 209: 200: 192: 181: 177:Majority Whip 173: 164: 163:Steve Scalise 156: 136: 133: 125: 114: 111: 107: 104: 100: 97: 93: 90: 86: 83: – 82: 78: 77:Find sources: 71: 67: 63: 57: 56: 51:This article 49: 45: 40: 39: 36: 32: 27: 19: 14905:House Caucus 14781:South Dakota 14771:Rhode Island 14766:Pennsylvania 14746:North Dakota 13876:A. Stevenson 13851: 13734:Presidential 13368:Stevenson II 13348:Stevenson II 12974:Breckinridge 12957:Breckinridge 12904: 12848:presidential 12839:presidential 12725:Bibliography 12485: 12364:South Dakota 12354:Rhode Island 12349:Pennsylvania 12329:North Dakota 11496: 11163:Presidential 11150: 11071:2012 (Tampa) 10375:presidential 10359:Presidential 10254:Capitol Hill 10120: 10071: 10064: 10057: 10050: 10043: 10036: 10029: 10022: 10015: 10008: 10001: 9994: 9986: 9979: 9950: 9890: 9883: 9876: 9869: 9478:Capitol Hill 9448: 9441: 9434: 9393: 9271:List (House) 9266:List (Joint) 9236:Of the Whole 9142: 9135: 9134:Jefferson's 9021:Magic minute 8774:Slave owners 8757:2000–present 8703:Sikh members 8701: 8608:LGBT members 8534:Black Caucus 8432: 8310:118th (2023) 8305:117th (2021) 8300:116th (2019) 8295:115th (2017) 8290:114th (2015) 8285:113th (2013) 8280:112th (2011) 8275:111th (2009) 8270:110th (2007) 8265:109th (2005) 8260:108th (2003) 8255:107th (2001) 8250:106th (1999) 8245:105th (1997) 8240:104th (1995) 8235:103rd (1993) 8230:102nd (1991) 8225:101st (1989) 8220:100th (1987) 7840:Pete Aguilar 7810:Lisa McClain 7742:Mike Johnson 7735: 7722: 7660:. 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Retrieved 6562:the original 6548: 6539: 6436:Mike Johnson 6330:Nancy Pelosi 6287:Donald Trump 6177:John Boehner 6162:Nancy Pelosi 6134:Barack Obama 6102:Nancy Pelosi 6055:John Boehner 6043: 5987:Nancy Pelosi 5955:Nancy Pelosi 5844:Bill Clinton 5823:David Bonior 5765:Pennsylvania 5593:Jimmy Carter 5087:Percy Priest 4809:Pennsylvania 4401: 4379:South Dakota 4271: 4042: 3964:Rosa DeLauro 3942: 3933: 3931: 3914:Deborah Ross 3906:Colin Allred 3890:Terri Sewell 3875:Terri Sewell 3851:Pete Aguilar 3824:Terri Sewell 3785:Terri Sewell 3773:Jim Matheson 3726:Jim Matheson 3563:Chet Edwards 3556:Bob Menendez 3548:Chet Edwards 3544:Rosa DeLauro 3529:Rosa DeLauro 3488:David Bonior 3407:Peter Roskam 3347:Tom Loeffler 3326: 3313: 3305: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3274: 3272: 3267: 3261: 3259: 3245: 3222: 3221: 3207: 3204: 3196: 3182: 3181: 3172:united front 3168: 3154: 3145:swing voters 3139: 3138: 3130: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3118: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3094: 3090:Cooperation. 3089: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3071: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3040: 3031: 3022: 3021: 3011: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2993: 2992: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2970:drug testing 2965: 2964: 2961: 2953: 2944:John Boehner 2940:Nancy Pelosi 2925: 2922: 2886: 2878: 2870: 2858: 2842: 2830: 2810: 2798: 2782: 2766: 2754: 2730: 2718: 2702: 2686: 2670: 2652:James Brooks 2650: 2640: 2631: 2622:James Blaine 2618: 2596: 2592: 2582:Capitol Hill 2578: 2562:Capitol Hill 2554:floor leader 2550: 2307: 2283:Legislatures 2263: 2174:Abolitionism 2117:Conservatism 2039: 2029: 1952:South Dakota 1942:Rhode Island 1937:Pennsylvania 1917:North Dakota 1743: 1705: 1683: 1631: 1580:John Roberts 1567: 1520: 1503: 1486: 1444:Patty Murray 1420: 1389: 1378: 1371:Mike Johnson 1358: 1343: 1336: 1297: 1259: 1246: 1238: 1212: 1203: 1185: 1162: 1117: 1113: 1098: 1092:October 2021 1089: 1079: 1072: 1065: 1058: 1046: 1030:Please help 1018: 987: 982:Nancy Pelosi 978: 971: 968: 964: 947: 923:John Boehner 920: 901: 889:Sereno Payne 886: 847: 815: 778:Nancy Pelosi 775: 764: 473: 395:by seniority 295: 281: 277: 275: 264: 237: 230: 229: 128: 122:October 2021 119: 109: 102: 95: 88: 76: 55:verification 52: 35: 26: 14946:Fundraising 14851:Puerto Rico 14696:Mississippi 14611:Connecticut 14571:territorial 14271:(2005–2017) 14265:(1995–2005) 14259:(1989–1995) 14253:(1977–1989) 14247:(1961–1977) 14241:(1953–1961) 14235:(1951–1953) 14229:(1949–1951) 14223:(1937–1949) 14217:(1923–1937) 14211:(1920–1923) 14205:(1919–1920) 14199:(1917–1919) 14193:(1913–1917) 14187:(1911–1913) 14181:(1909–1911) 14175:(1907–1909) 14169:(1906–1907) 14163:(1903–1906) 14157:(1899–1903) 14155:J. K. Jones 14151:(1898–1899) 14145:(1890–1898) 14139:(1885–1890) 14133:(1881–1885) 14127:(1877–1881) 14121:(1873–1877) 14101:U.S. Senate 14086:(2003–2023) 14080:(1995–2003) 14074:(1989–1995) 14068:(1987–1989) 14062:(1977–1987) 14056:(1971–1977) 14050:(1962–1971) 14044:(1940–1961) 14038:(1936–1940) 14032:(1935–1936) 14026:(1933–1934) 14020:(1929–1933) 14014:(1923–1929) 14008:(1921–1923) 14002:(1909–1921) 13996:(1903–1909) 13990:(1897–1903) 13984:(1895–1897) 13978:(1891–1895) 13972:(1889–1891) 13966:(1883–1889) 13960:(1876–1881) 13954:(1875–1876) 13948:(1873–1875) 13942:(1869–1871) 13932:(1859–1861) 13926:(1857–1859) 13920:(1855–1857) 13918:G. W. Jones 13914:(1851–1855) 13908:(1849–1851) 13902:(1845–1847) 13896:(1843–1845) 13894:J. W. 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Morton 11821:Rosewater 11811:Hitchcock 11801:Cortelyou 11623:Longworth 11486:McConnell 11366:Gallinger 11223:Roosevelt 11144:primaries 11124:primaries 11104:primaries 11084:primaries 11064:primaries 11044:primaries 11024:primaries 11004:primaries 10984:primaries 10964:primaries 10944:primaries 10924:primaries 10904:primaries 10884:primaries 10864:primaries 10844:primaries 10835:Goldwater 10824:primaries 10804:primaries 10784:primaries 10764:primaries 10744:primaries 10724:primaries 10704:primaries 10684:primaries 10664:primaries 10644:primaries 10624:primaries 10604:primaries 10599:Fairbanks 10584:primaries 10549:Fairbanks 10545:Roosevelt 10536:Roosevelt 10377:primaries 10166:Longworth 10096:buildings 10079:VP's Room 9740:Historian 9679:Librarian 9674:Historian 9659:Secretary 9645:Employees 9450:Roll Call 9261:Oversight 9189:Seniority 9056:Saxbe fix 8994:Expulsion 8908:Procedure 8846:Inquiries 8826:(Dormant) 8818:Copyright 8813:Article I 8752:1950–1999 8747:1900–1949 8742:1790–1899 8461:Districts 8376:Secretary 8337:President 8117:seniority 8091:Appointed 8054:seniority 7780:Tom Emmer 7509:Roll Call 7343:April 16, 6820:April 16, 6790:April 16, 6568:April 21, 6441:Louisiana 6421:Minnesota 6416:Tom Emmer 6410:Louisiana 6351:Joe Biden 6271:Wisconsin 6266:Paul Ryan 6241:Louisiana 6035:Roy Blunt 6009:Roy Blunt 5998:Tom DeLay 5887:Tom DeLay 5786:Tom Foley 5701:Tom Foley 5620:Tom Foley 5449:Louisiana 5326:Louisiana 5092:Tennessee 4835:Tennessee 4755:Tennessee 4551:Tennessee 4491:Minnesota 4149:Minnesota 4112:Tennessee 4091:1899–1901 3730:Ed Pastor 3687:Ed Pastor 3652:Ed Pastor 3617:Ed Pastor 3586:Ed Pastor 3571:Ed Pastor 3386:Roy Blunt 3240:bottom up 2957:rule book 2383:Passports 2278:Governors 2224:Anarchism 2219:Socialism 1992:Wisconsin 1957:Tennessee 1862:Minnesota 1837:Louisiana 1699:Elections 1614:Kavanaugh 1597:Sotomayor 1561:Judiciary 1496:Joe Biden 1480:Executive 1430:President 1121:19 U.S.C. 1019:does not 988:In 2014, 956:Tom DeLay 939:Tom DeLay 761:Selection 693:Longworth 577:Saxbe fix 318:Minnesota 314:Tom Emmer 310:Louisiana 302:Democrats 296:With the 180:Tom Emmer 62:talk page 14910:Factions 14881:Congress 14806:Virginia 14756:Oklahoma 14736:New York 14711:Nebraska 14701:Missouri 14686:Michigan 14676:Maryland 14661:Kentucky 14641:Illinois 14616:Delaware 14606:Colorado 14596:Arkansas 14559:Harrison 14520:Grossman 14462:Westwood 14427:Mitchell 14422:McKinney 14407:Hannegan 14367:Cummings 14257:Mitchell 14215:Robinson 14090:Jeffries 14078:Gephardt 14036:Bankhead 13994:Williams 13964:Carlisle 13859:Speakers 13770:Buchanan 13452:Eagleton 13448:McGovern 13428:Humphrey 13412:Humphrey 13372:Kefauver 13352:Sparkman 13232:Robinson 13212:C. 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