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326:- A form of DIY livery in which a field or paddock is provided, often with a field shelter, but without stabling. Grass livery is often usable only during drier weather or during the grass-growing season. Horses must be stabled elsewhere in other seasons. This arrangement is similar to the owner renting a field or paddock for the horse, but fees are charged per horse rather than by the size of the field; also different owners' animals may be mixed. The horse owners are not responsible for maintenance of the fences and other facilities.
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356:: Generally includes all food, water, stabling, stall-cleaning, and, sometimes, daily turnout for exercise. In a few locations, particularly in the eastern US, "full board" may also encompass grooming and riding of the horse, but this is not a common practice nationally. If a horse is groomed, ridden and taken into competition by someone other than the owner, it is usually referred to as "in training" or "at training," and the owner pays additional fees on top of full boarding costs.
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The livery stable was a necessary institution of every
American town, but its role has been generally overlooked by historians. In addition to providing vital transportation service, the livery usually also sold hay, grain, coal, and wood. Because of the stench, noise, and vermin that surrounded the
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Historically in North
America, "livery stable" had a somewhat different meaning: a stable where horses, teams and wagons were for hire, but also where privately owned horses could be boarded for a short time. Because of the temporary boarding aspect, livery stables were often attached to a hotel or
382:: Essentially the same as "Grass livery" in the UK. Often used year-round in the United States, particularly in the west. In the winter, if there is insufficient grass, some pasture board situations include hay fed to the horses; in other places, the owner must provide all supplemental feeding.
376:: Similar to "DIY livery" in the UK. The stabling is provided, and the owner is responsible for all care. In most cases, hay and stall bedding is available for the use of the boarders. In some places, this is included in the term "partial board."
308:- A stall in the stable and paddock or field are usually provided. The owner undertakes all care of the horse and provides all hay, feed and bedding. This is usually the least expensive option. Sometimes an amount of
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298:- The horse is normally fed, watered, and the stall or loose box is mucked out (cleaned) on behalf of the owner. It is not trained or exercised.
268:, and stag shows, they were condemned as sources of vice. With the advent of the automobile after 1910, the livery stables quietly disappeared.
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for bedding is included in the fee. The horse owner or a paid worker will visit the yard one or more times a day to care for the horse.
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In the United States, terminology is less defined and varies by region. Boarding usually falls into one of the following categories:
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and the horses are not normally for hire (unless on working livery - see below). Facilities at a livery yard normally include a
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and often exercise or even compete the horse on behalf of the owner. This is normally the most expensive option.
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where horse owners pay a weekly or monthly fee to keep their horses. A livery or boarding yard is not usually a
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livery, cities and towns attempted to control their locations and activities. Often the scene of gambling,
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Card advertising livery stables, printer's sample, Cincinnati, 1861
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Spence, Clark C. "The Livery Stable in the
American West,"
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Clark C. Spence, "The Livery Stable in the
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Horse
Business Management: Managing a Successful Yard
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332:- Working liveries are particularly common at
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461:Montana: The Magazine of Western History,
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