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and then flattened in a vise between wood boards, again after heating, and later cut with a holesaw or similar tool into round or other shaped blanks which are finished on a lathe or by hand. Toggle buttons are made by cutting off the solid tips of horns and perforating them. Antler buttons, and buttons made from hooves are not technically horn buttons, but are often referred to as such in popular parlance. Horns from cattle, water buffalo, and sheep are all used for commercial button making, and of other species as well, on a local and non-commercial basis.
436:
733:
811:
502:
27:
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38:
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priority. Horns are usually present only in males but in some species, females too may possess horns. It has been theorized by researchers that taller species living in the open are more visible from longer distances and more likely to benefit from horns to defend themselves against predators. Female
648:
may be made from horns, and historically also hooves which are a similar material. The non-bony part of the horn or hoof may be softened by heating to a temperature just above the boiling point of water, then molded in metal dies, or the hollow lower part of the horn may be slit spirally lengthwise
134:
shape, often with ridges or fluting. In many species, only males have horns. Horns start to grow soon after birth and continue to grow throughout the life of the animal (except in pronghorns, which shed the outer layer annually, but retain the bony core). Partial or deformed horns in livestock are
667:
Horn chopsticks are found in Asian countries from highland Nepal and Tibet to the
Pacific coast. Typically they are not the common material, but rather are higher quality decorative articles. Similarly other horn flatware, notably spoons, continues to be manufactured for decorations and other
404:
Cases of people growing horns have been historically described, sometimes with mythical status. Researchers have not however discovered photographic evidence of the phenomenon. There are human cadaveric specimens that show outgrowings, but these are instead classified as
416:
The phenomenon of humans with horns has been observed in countries lacking advanced medicine. There are living people, several in China, with cases of cutaneous horns, most common in the elderly.
674:
made of horn that have a rodlike elongated shape with four numbered faces and two small unnumbered end faces continue to be manufactured in Asia where they are traditionally used in games like
717:. Animal horns can be safely sawn off without hurting the animal (it is similar to clipping toe nails). When the animal were to be poached, the animal is generally killed as it is shot first.
1343:. Barnes and Noble, 1985. This is a scholarly monograph on the subject of horn and other skeletal materials, heavily illustrated, and with extensive academic and art-historical references.
1121:
1295:
190:, which are not true horns and made of bone. When fully developed, antlers are dead bone without a horn or skin covering; they are borne only by adults (usually males, except for
386:) species whose horns have been removed, or which have not grown. In some cases such animals have small horny growths in the skin where their horns would be – these are known as
842:
1170:
The
Behaviour of Ungulates and Its Relation to Management: The Papers of an International Symposium Held at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2-5 November 1971
1073:
Tubbs, R. Shane; Smyth, Matthew D.; Wellons, John C. III; Blount, Jeffrey P.; Oakes, W. Jerry (June 2003). "Human horns: a historical review and clinical correlation".
1044:
915:
655:
Horn needle cases and other small boxes, particularly of water buffalo horn, are still made. One occasionally finds horn used as a material in antique snuff boxes.
301:
on the skull, which is associated with magical powers in south-eastern Asia. Although no evidence of its existence has been found, it remains a common belief in
664:
Horn is used in artwork for small, detailed carvings. It is an easily worked and polished material, is strong and durable, and in the right variety, beautiful.
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747:
779:
1131:
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Animals have a variety of uses for horns and antlers, including defending themselves from predators and fighting members of their own species (
1285:
947:
661:
Carved horn hairpins and other jewelry such as brooches and rings are manufactured, particularly in Asia, including for the souvenir trade.
536:, the bore gradually increases in width through most of its length—that is to say, it is conical rather than cylindrical. These are called
685:, cane handles, and shafts. In the latter use, the horn elements may be cut into short cylindrical segments held together by a metal core.
592:, and the term "horn" is used to refer to this material, sometimes including similarly solid keratin from other parts of animals, such as
482:. Some animals such as goats with true horns use them for cooling with the blood vessels in the bony core allowing them to function as a
165:
The term "horn" is also popularly applied to other hard and pointed features attached to the head of animals in various other families:
810:
763:
1166:
864:
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and decoration, among other uses. In these applications, horn is valued for its hardness, and it has given rise to the expression
996:
Sharma, Chandra
Prakash; Singh, Preeti; Srinivas, Yellapu; Madhanraj, Anandraj; Rawat, Gopal Singh; Gupta, Sandeep Kumar (2022).
713:
In some instances, wildlife parks may decide to remove the horn of some animals (such as rhinos) as a preventive measure against
972:
96:
etc.). Cattle horns arise from subcutaneous connective tissue (under the scalp) and later fuse to the underlying frontal bone.
1195:
732:
633:
Horns and horn tips from various animals have been used for centuries in the manufacture of scales, grips, or handles for
1054:
934:
262:): These lizards have horns on their heads which have a hard keratin covering over a bony core, like mammalian horns.
1275:>. The book also posits that the ancient Hebrews and neighboring tribes used horns as weapons and as utensils.
1167:
Valerius Geist; Fritz R. Walther; International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1974).
582:
were originally made from slices of bovid horn, which provided the right curving shape and a smooth surface.
320:
possessed two massive, forward-facing conical horns, which were likely covered in cornified sheaths in life.
1226:
Taylor, Charles R. (1966). "The
Vascularity and Possible Thermoregulatory Function of the Horns in Goats".
817:
1371:
1268:
1146:
1334:
1391:
338:, which often serve the same functions as horns, but are in fact oversized teeth. These include the
226:
were extensions of its skull bones, although debate exists over whether they had a keratin covering.
1386:
1376:
1366:
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and usually wood. These materials allow more energy to be stored in a short bow than wood alone.
49:
is a permanent pointed projection on the head of various animals that consists of a covering of
420:
211:
99:
One pair of horns is usual; however, two or more pairs occur in a few wild species and in some
1185:
1381:
998:"Unraveling the mystery of confiscated "jackal horns" in India using wildlife forensic tools"
910:
20:
1341:
Bone, Antler, Ivory & Horn: The
Technology of Skeletal Materials Since the Roman Period
37:
423:, have horn implants; that is, they have implanted silicone beneath the skin as a form of
8:
1319:
513:
Horned animals are sometimes hunted so their mounted head or horns can be displayed as a
204:, the same substance as fingernails, and grow continuously, but do not have a bone core.
1098:
1086:
914:
by Sir James
Emerson Tennent, published by Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1861.
892:
521:
479:
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In addition, horns may be used to root in the soil or strip bark from trees. In animal
1243:
1191:
1090:
1050:
1025:
1017:
930:
927:
Mammals of Nepal: (with reference to those of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and
Pakistan)
896:
884:
836:
558:.) It has been suggested that the shape of a natural horn was also the model for the
537:
489:
After the death of a horned animal, the keratin may be consumed by the larvae of the
471:
424:
269:
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Horn combs were common in the era before replacement by plastic, and are still made.
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A site with information about the history of the cow horn as a musical instrument.
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reams the bark and branches of trees to impress the female and lure her into his
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were originally bovid horns fitted with lids and carrying straps, used to carry
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possesses an entirely keratinous spine, which is loosely connected to its skull.
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Horns were treated and cut into strips to make semi-transparent windows in the
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and other weapons, and beginning in the 19th century, for the handle scales of
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207:
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140:
139:. Similar growths on other parts of the body are not usually called horns, but
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65:, which are not permanent. In mammals, true horns are found mainly among the
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948:"In India, jackals are being poached for their 'magical', non-existent horns"
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are bovid horns removed from the bone core, cleaned, polished, and used as
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bovids that are not hidden from predators due to their large size or open
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however may decide to tranquilize the animal instead to remove the horn.
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habitat are more likely to bear horns than small or camouflaged species.
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1173:. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
865:"Formation, structure, and function of extra-skeletal bones in mammals"
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appear in various guises across many world religions and mythologies.
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arise in different cultures, for ritual purposes rather than combat.
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horn used as a hammer with cleaver to cut fish in southeast China
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by Tej Kumar
Shrestha, published by Steven Simpson Books, 1997,
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1286:"How chopping off their horns helps save rhinos from poachers"
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Conservation and restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects
1147:"Johann Hari on the bizarre world of radical plastic surgery"
634:
627:
541:
214:, possess horns on their skulls, and have a keratin covering.
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973:"A tale of non-existent jackal horns and their online sales"
176:
have one or more pairs of bony bumps on their heads, called
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Horn strips for inlaying wood are a traditional technique.
151:, depending on the part of the body on which they occur.
1213:"Why Female Water Buffalo Have Horns but Impala Do Not?"
585:
Antelope horns are used in traditional
Chinese medicine.
1262:
Hearing Shofar: The Still Small Voice of the Ram's Horn
1219:
1072:
276:(or both). These are pointed outgrowths of the hard
248:
which were likely covered in some form of keratinous
474:, many use horns in displays. For example, the male
576:
of any material may be referred to as powder horns.
401:are the only examples of horns growing on people.
1122:"Mysteriöse Krankheit: Hilfe für den Baummenschen"
287:) have greatly enlarged jaws, also made of chitin.
1264:, 2009, Chapter 3-6 - Ram's Horn of Passover <
1348:
1183:
804:mounted horns, at the Zoological Museum, Denmark
1309:Cutting off horns to save rhinos from poachers
757:with one horn on one side and two on the other
334:Many mammal species in various families have
845: – Preservation of heritage collections
616:would now be used. Horn may be used to make
612:) was formerly used for many purposes where
297:were once thought to occasionally develop a
1190:. Harvard University Press. pp. 119–.
596:. Horn may be used as a material in tools,
626:are bows made from a combination of horn,
311:: the skull of the triassic azendohsaurid
272:) have hornlike structures on the head or
200:: The "horns" of rhinoceroses are made of
911:Sketches of the natural history of Ceylon
232:: Various abelisaurid theropods, such as
154:
945:
554:. (This is similar to the legend of the
500:
442:
434:
107:(multi-horned) sheep breeds include the
36:
25:
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1002:International Journal of Legal Medicine
862:
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970:
741:, musical instrument made from a horn
382:are those of normally-horned (mainly
194:) and are shed and regrown each year.
180:. These are covered with furred skin.
1063:
210:: Many chameleons, most notably the
1184:Edward O. Wilson (1 January 1980).
13:
1087:10.1227/01.NEU.0000064810.08577.49
833:- a primary deities found in Wicca
342:(Musk deer, which are ruminants),
16:Animal anatomy of hornlike growths
14:
1403:
1328:
1149:. London: Guardian News and Media
520:Some cultures use bovid horns as
1298:from the original on 2023-05-11.
946:Pardikar, Rishika (2020-04-26).
816:Horns, tusks and antlers in the
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562:, a horn-shaped drinking vessel.
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1138:
1043:Alston, Isabella (2014-08-01).
130:Horns usually have a curved or
1240:10.1086/physzool.39.2.30152426
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458:) for territory, dominance or
1:
971:Sekar, Sandhya (2020-04-20).
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1266:http://www.hearingshofar.com
1130:. 2007-11-22. Archived from
708:
393:
244:possessed extensions of the
7:
1145:Johann, Hari (2002-03-11).
1049:. TAJ Books International.
824:
818:National Museum of Scotland
681:Horn is sometimes found in
57:surrounding a core of live
41:Anatomy of an animal's horn
10:
1408:
1014:10.1007/s00414-022-02773-6
724:
678:(Pachisi) and many others.
528:. These have evolved into
158:
61:. Horns are distinct from
30:A pair of horns on a male
18:
863:Nasoori, Alireza (2020).
517:or as decorative objects.
268:: Some insects (such as
702:vernacular architecture
450:(both sexes have horns)
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451:
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155:Other hornlike growths
42:
34:
1228:Physiological Zoology
704:of the Medieval Ages.
540:, though now made of
532:in which, unlike the
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438:
419:Some people, notably
220:: The "horns" of the
40:
29:
1046:Anatomical Anomalies
839: – Hand gesture
769:Water buffalo horn (
604:. Horn is somewhat
431:Animal uses of horns
19:For other uses, see
1339:MacGregor, Arthur.
524:, for example, the
522:musical instruments
497:Human uses of horns
212:Jackson's chameleon
1271:2010-03-28 at the
1109:Literature Reviews
869:Biological Reviews
510:
452:
441:
270:rhinoceros beetles
72:, in the families
43:
35:
1372:Amphibian anatomy
1197:978-0-674-81624-4
881:10.1111/brv.12597
837:Sign of the horns
588:Horns consist of
530:brass instruments
425:body modification
283:. Some (such as
186:: Most deer have
103:breeds of sheep.
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1151:. Retrieved
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1132:the original
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1116:
1108:
1078:
1075:Neurosurgery
1074:
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1038:
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980:. Retrieved
976:
966:
955:. Retrieved
951:
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872:
868:
858:
770:
719:Park rangers
712:
602:hard as horn
601:
566:Powder horns
488:
469:
465:savannahlike
455:
453:
418:
415:
411:excrescences
403:
397:
387:
384:domesticated
379:
360:Monodontidae
333:
315:
299:horny growth
285:stag beetles
259:
246:frontal bone
239:
233:
221:
218:Ceratopsidae
164:
129:
101:domesticated
98:
70:artiodactyls
46:
44:
787:Art Nouveau
378:animals or
352:Proboscidea
281:exoskeleton
235:Carnotaurus
223:Triceratops
1351:Categories
1153:2010-05-04
982:2024-02-24
957:2024-02-24
850:References
831:Horned God
608:and (like
556:cornucopia
421:The Enigma
368:Odobenidae
348:Wild Boars
303:South Asia
260:Phrynosoma
250:integument
170:Giraffidae
159:See also:
123:, and the
105:Polycerate
53:and other
1248:0031-935X
1022:1437-1596
952:Scroll.in
897:216556342
709:Dehorning
672:Long dice
668:purposes.
624:Horn bows
598:furniture
580:Shoehorns
570:gunpowder
491:horn moth
480:territory
472:courtship
409:or other
394:On humans
356:Elephants
340:Moschidae
324:Anhimidae
278:chitinous
178:ossicones
113:Icelandic
109:Hebridean
78:pronghorn
1296:Archived
1269:Archived
1260:Chusid,
1103:24254020
1095:12762889
1030:35102447
916:Archived
889:32338826
825:See also
739:Erkencho
715:poaching
639:handguns
484:radiator
407:osteomas
380:pollards
372:Walruses
364:Narwhals
192:reindeer
184:Cervidae
174:Giraffes
94:antelope
67:ruminant
55:proteins
725:Gallery
676:Chaupar
646:buttons
614:plastic
590:keratin
534:trumpet
291:Canidae
266:Insects
202:keratin
188:antlers
135:called
82:Bovidae
63:antlers
51:keratin
1246:
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933:
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887:
635:knives
560:rhyton
526:shofar
460:mating
376:Polled
366:) and
344:Suidae
326:: The
274:thorax
149:hooves
132:spiral
86:cattle
80:) and
32:impala
1127:Stern
1099:S2CID
893:S2CID
644:Horn
628:sinew
594:hoofs
542:metal
538:horns
388:scurs
336:tusks
147:, or
145:claws
141:spurs
137:scurs
117:Jacob
90:goats
1244:ISSN
1192:ISBN
1091:PMID
1051:ISBN
1026:PMID
1018:ISSN
931:ISBN
885:PMID
618:glue
238:and
59:bone
47:horn
21:Horn
1236:doi
1083:doi
1010:doi
1006:136
877:doi
374:).
358:),
350:),
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