2375:, with the 76ers having earned home court advantage because of a better regular season record. Four games were scheduled to be played in Philadelphia, while three were scheduled in Los Angeles. If the home team were to win each game, then the 76ers would have won four games, the Lakers would have won three games, and the 76ers would have won the series, so we say that Philadelphia had the home-court advantage. However, the visiting Lakers won Game 1. Los Angeles now had one win, and there were three games remaining at each arena. The home team went on to win all of the remaining games in that series, so Los Angeles won four games, while Philadelphia won two (Game 7, which would have been played in Philadelphia, was omitted, as even if the 76ers won, they'd still lose the series 4β3). Since the Lakers won the series in this scenario, it is said that they have taken home-court advantage away from the 76ers.
646:. If the home team is leading at the end of the top half of the ninth inning, the game ends without the bottom half being played. If the home team is trailing or the score is tied in the bottom half of the ninth inning or any extra inning, the game ends immediately if the home team takes the lead; the visiting team does not get another opportunity to score and the home team does not have to protect their lead. On the other hand, if the visiting team has the lead when the top half of the ninth inning or extra inning ends, the home team still gets an opportunity to score and so the visiting team must protect their lead. In addition, in the late innings, the home team knows how many runs they need to win or tie, and can therefore strategize accordingly. For example, in a tie game in the ninth inning or extra innings, the home team may employ strategies such as
695:
638:, the away team's centre always had to place his stick on the ice before the centre of the home team. However, in both the NHL and international rule sets, this now applies only for face-offs at the centre-ice spot; when a face-off takes place anywhere else on the ice, the defending centre has to place his stick first. The centre who is allowed to place his stick last gains the ability to time the face-off better and gives him greater odds of winning it. The third advantage is that the home team has the benefit of choosing whether to take the first or second attempt in a shootout.
634:, there are at least three distinct rule-related advantages for the home team. The first is referred to as "last change", where during stoppages of play, the home team is allowed to make player substitutions after the visiting team does (unless the home team ices the puck, in which case no substitutions are allowed). This allows the home team to obtain favorable player matchups. This rule makes the home team designation important even in games played on neutral ice. Traditionally, the second advantage was that when lining up for the
615:. Some sports leagues simply state that the team wears its away uniforms only when its primary jerseys would clash with the colors of the home team, while other leagues mandate that visiting teams must always wear their away colors regardless. However, sometimes teams wear their alternative uniforms by choice. This is especially true in North American sports where generally one uniform is white or grey, and "Color vs. color" games (e.g., blue vs. red uniforms) are a rarity, having been discouraged in the era of
2584:, UEFA punished the Turkish team with playing the next six regular international home matches abroad. It is also required where one team's home location is in a war zone or at high risk of terrorism, or if the visiting team is prevented from travelling to (one of) their opponent's regular stadium(s) for political reasons. The latter consideration is uncommon because governing bodies typically implement measures to prevent national teams from jurisdictions with the most serious political disputes (for example,
88:, for instance, the visiting team always bats first in each inning. Therefore, one team must be chosen to be the "visitor" when games are played at neither team's home field. Likewise, there are uncommon instances in which a team playing a game at their home venue is officially the visiting team, and their opponent officially the home team, such as when a game originally scheduled to play at one venue must be postponed and is later resumed at the other team's venue.
178:, a home team can be expected to score 37.29% more goals than the away team, though this changes depending on the quality of the teams involved. Others have suggested that the increase in British medals during the 2012 Olympics may have been impacted by home court advantage. (However, having home court did not help Canada at the 1976 Montreal Olympics, the only Summer Games at which the hosting country failed to win a single gold medal.)
50:. This benefit has been attributed to psychological effects supporting fans have on the competitors or referees; to psychological or physiological advantages of playing near home in familiar situations; to the disadvantages away teams suffer from changing time zones or climates, or from the rigors of travel; and in some sports, to specific rules that favor the home team directly or indirectly. In
214:
factors of home advantage are usually factors which are difficult to measure and so even their existence is debated. Most of these are psychological in nature: the home teams are familiar with the playing venue; they can lodge in their homes, rather than in a hotel, and so have less far to travel before the game; and they have the psychological support of the home fans.
546:, was built in 1952 with the team benches at the ends of the court instead of along one of the sidelines, a setup that was not unusual at the time. However, the configuration is now unique in U.S. major-college sports, and has been said to give the Commodores an edge because opposing coaches are not used to directing their teams from the baseline.
189:
either replicated performance by winning two or more no-hitters or amassed a large number of career wins. Their general finding was that home-field advantage is a metric for the inability to maintain performance independent of environment and that this metric is inversely related to variables of expertise.
430:
and the behaviour of the ball when it bounces off the pitch varies significantly in different parts of the world, and consequently the players on the visiting team must adjust to the ball behaving in an unfamiliar way to be successful on foreign surfaces; additionally, the home team has the right to
188:
described home-field advantage as an expertise deficiency. They demonstrated that, in theory and in practice, home-field advantage decreases as superiority of performance increases. They also showed that home-field advantage is not applicable for no-hit major league baseball games for pitchers who
2343:
In many sports, playoffs consist of a 'series' of games played between two teams. These series are usually a best-of-5 or best-of-7 format, where the first team to win 3 or 4 games, respectively, wins the playoff. Since these best-of series always involve an odd number of games, it is impossible to
681:. This put AL teams at a disadvantage when they played in NL parks, as AL pitchers were typically not used to batting nor baserunning. NL teams at AL parks were at a disadvantage because a player who did not play often had to bat an entire game, usually on consecutive nights. The NL team's DH was a
574:
Other research has found that crowd support, travel fatigue, geographical distance, pitch familiarity, and referee bias do not have a strong effect when each factor is considered alone suggesting that it is the combination of several different factors that creates the overall home advantage effect.
570:
factors in giving home teams an advantage. The journal concluded that it was favorable treatment by game officials and referees that conferred advantages on home teams. They stated that sports officials are unwittingly and psychologically influenced by home crowds and the influence is significant
249:
typically wave their arms or other objects in an attempt to break the visiting player's focus on making the shot. Environmental factors such as weather and altitude are easy to measure, yet their effects are debatable, as both teams have to play in the same conditions; but the home team may be more
2347:
During the course of these playoff series, however, sports announcers or columnists will sometimes mention a team "gaining" or "losing" home-field advantage. This can happen after a visiting team has just won a game in the series. In playoff series format, the home-field advantage is said to exist
2270:
During the regular season for a sport, in the interest of fairness, schedulers try to ensure that each team plays an equal number of home and away games. Thus, having home-field advantage for any particular regular-season game is largely due to random chance. (This is only true for fully organized
602:
The 2020β21 NHL season saw major disruption due to COVID-19-restricted conditions that resulted in bubble playoffs and ghost games, as fans were unable to attend in person. New research has shown that this led to a significant drop to home advantage compared with the previous six seasons. In 592
213:
There are many causes that attribute to home advantage, such as crowd involvement (for instance Marek and VΓ‘vra (2024) conducted a study on ice hockey results during COVID-19, where no spectators were allowed at matches), travel considerations, and environmental factors. The most commonly cited
587:
levels in the defenders. A similar effect has been observed in football with testosterone levels being significantly higher in home games than in away games. Goalkeepers, the last line of defense, have particularly strong testosterone changes when playing against a bitter rival as compared to a
685:
who batted perhaps once every two or three games during the season, or alternated in a platoon system with other players (such as a catcher who does not start because the starting pitcher uses the other catcher), while the AL team's DH batted three or more times a game throughout the season.
281:. Generally the home fans vastly outnumber the visiting team's supporters. While some visiting fans may travel to attend the game, home team fans will generally have better access to tickets and easier transport to the event, thus in most cases they outnumber the visitors' fans (although in
2401:
If the venue is chosen before the start of the competition however, it is still possible for one team to gain home field advantage. For example, in the
European Cup/UEFA Champions League, there have been four instances where a club has managed to reach the final hosted in its own stadium
125:), playoff series are often held with a nearly equal number of games at each team's site. However, as it is usually beneficial to have an odd number of matches in a series (to prevent ties), the final home game is often awarded to the team that had more success over the regular season.
96:
In most team sports, the home or hosting team is considered to have a significant advantage over the away or visiting team. Due to this, many important games (such as playoff or elimination matches) in many sports have special rules for determining what match is played where. In
698:
Comparison of home advantage in
European top-level football leagues between the 2007/2008 and 2016/2017 seasons. Method is based on Jeffrey Divergence and the procedure is described in detail in Marek and VΓ‘vra (2020). The final components of graph show leagues with similar home
485:
trapped and reflected noise to such an extent that it was distracting or even harmful. This, combined with the color of the roof, caused opposing baseball players to commit more errors in the Dome than in other ballparks. While this is no longer an issue for opponents of the
181:
The strength of the home advantage varies for different sports, regions, seasons, and divisions. For all sports, it seems to be strongest in the early period after the creation of a new league. The effect seems to have become somewhat weaker in some sports in recent decades.
2344:
guarantee that an equal number of games will be played at each team's home venue. As a result, the team with the better regular season record must be scheduled to have one more home game than the other. This team is said to have home-field advantage for that playoff series.
269:, who are sometimes described as being as valuable as an extra player for the home team. The home fans can sometimes create a psychological lift by cheering loudly for their team when good things happen in the game. The home crowd can also intimidate visiting players by
558:, had a number of idiosyncrasies that its home teams used to their advantage but earned the arena an extremely poor reputation, including a slanted ice surface that forced opponents to skate the majority of the game uphill and lack of showers for the visiting team.
462:, Hapoel needed to acclimatize and were therefore at a disadvantage. Hapoel duly lost the match 3β0. This advantage, however, can also be a disadvantage to the home team, as weather conditions can impede the home team as much as the visitors: the
2064:
and hypothesis about home team advantage can be accepted. This procedure was introduced and applied by Marek and VΓ‘vra (2017) on
English Premier League seasons 1992/1993 β 2015/2016. Later, the procedure was finalised in Marek and VΓ‘vra (2020).
2817:
won a playoff series for the first time, defeating the first-place
Lightning in four games, and marking the first time in Stanley Cup playoff history that the Presidents' Trophy winners were swept in the opening round, and the first time since
2426:, as it was chosen as the venue in January 2010. In the Champions League Final, however, if the "home" shirt colors of both teams conflict (e.g. both are red) then there is a draw which assigns one of the teams their "away" shirt. The
2858:, the home team won 181 matches (47%), the away team won 128 matches (34%), and teams drew in 71 matches (19%); however, this is considered an aberration, as home advantage has statistically been steadily declining for over a century.
2962:
2β3β2 Format: Team with home advantage hosts Game 1β2, 6β7. Team without home advantage hosts Games 3β5. This also means the winning team was also forced to overcome a 3β2 series deficit by winning Games 6β7 facing elimination.
2604:
was held in Krakow, Poland, because
Ukraine does not recognize Kosovo and does not admit Kosovar nationals to its territory. In all such cases, the match is still treated as a "home" match for such purposes as implementing the
2709:, had been stronger at home than on the road in both the regular season and playoffs, until the World Series. The 2023 ALCS was the second 7-game Major League Baseball series where all seven games were won by the road team.
2474:
in 1985) were played in neutral stadiums in the market area of one of the participating teams. Regardless, tickets are allocated equally between both competing teams, even if one happens to be playing in its own stadium.
2641:, the home team won 1,277 games (52.6%), and the away team won 1,149 games (47.4%). These totals do not include the six games played at neutral sites (though all of the neutral-site games had a designated "home" team).
641:
In baseball, the home team β which bats in the bottom half of each inning β enjoys the advantage of being able to end the game immediately if it has the lead in the ninth inning (or other scheduled final inning) or in
293:, sections of the stadium will be reserved for supporters of one team or the other (to prevent fan violence) but the home team's fans will have the bulk of the seating available to them. In addition, stadium/arena
1913:
1762:
2243:). They tested five top level English football leagues and two top level Spanish leagues between 2007/2008 and 2016/2017 season. The main result is that home team advantage in Spain is stronger. Spanish
2237:
2935:
2062:
502:, is designed in such a way that when the sun is overhead, the home sideline is in the shade while the visitors sideline is directly in the suns path. This, combined with the hot tropical climate
2382:
in all rounds prior to the semi-final), home advantage is determined by a random drawing. However, if the initial match is drawn (tied), home advantage for the replay is given to the other team.
2326:
is the only league that has home-court advantage based solely on which team has the best record (using various tiebreakers to settle the question should the teams finish with identical records).
2254:
Comparison of home advantage in 19 European football leagues between the 2007/2008 and 2016/2017 seasons was made in Marek and VΓ‘vra (2024). They found that, among the analysed leagues, the
1192:
1112:
506:
receives, can lead to differences of up to 30 degrees
Fahrenheit or more between the two sidelines, with the visiting sideline temperature getting as high as 120 Β°F (49 Β°C). The
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657:
Additionally in baseball, the host team is familiar with the unique dimensions of their home field yielding them advantages (pitching, hitting, fielding) over visiting teams. Before the
1378:
1285:
328:
and suggested that for every additional 10,000 people attending, home team advantage increased by 0.1 goals. Additionally, his study found that home teams are likely to be awarded more
2698:
703:
Measuring the home-field advantage of a team (in a league with balanced schedule) requires a determination of the number of opponents for which the result at home-field was better (
978:
897:
619:
television. Many teams from warm-weather cities may wear their white uniforms at home, forcing their opponent to wear dark uniforms in the hot weather. An exception is a rule in
2813:, for the first time in NHL history all division winners (who had home-ice advantage) were eliminated in the first round as all the wild-cards advanced to the second round. The
2531:
scheduled two neutral-site games for each team in a non-NHL market, with one as designated home team and one as the designated away team. The neutral site games ended after the
2830:, ensured that for the first time in NHL history, neither of the conference number one seeds advanced to the second round. After that, the two remaining division winners, the
1492:
1435:
84:
In many sports, such designations may also apply to games played at a neutral site, as the rules of various sports make different provisions for home and visiting teams. In
2340:
also uses a seeding system to determine home advantage in the quarterfinals (though not in the semifinals, where the nominal "home" teams are determined by a blind draw).
627:
rules), requiring the home team to wear dark jerseys and the visiting team to wear white jerseys, which may work as a disadvantage to the home team in hot-weather games.
2390:
For certain sporting events, home advantage may be removed by use of a neutral venue. This may be a national stadium that is not a home stadium to any club (for example
588:
training season. How testosterone may influence results is unclear but may include cognitive effects such as motivation and physiological effects such as reaction time.
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1954:
599:
ascribed this to visiting teams' facing "violent crowds, questionable refereeing and rriving just before kick-off after long road trips, often on hazardous surfaces".
185:
2150:
1663:
1576:
785:
221:, for instance, the crowd often makes as much noise as it can when the visiting team is about to run a play. That can make it very difficult for the visiting team's
4839:
2120:
2093:
1633:
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1005:
924:
843:
816:
755:
728:
5155:
2156:(for the test see Rao (2002)). The second proposed approach is based on distance between estimated probability description of home team advantage in two leagues (
2934:
2β3 Format: Team with home advantage hosts Games 3β5. Team without home advantage hosts Games 1β2. This also means the winning team was also forced to overcome a
2356:. Therefore, it is possible for a visiting team to win a game and, hence, gain home-field advantage. This is somewhat similar to the concept of losing serve in
4880:
4869:
1782:
367:. The low humidity also causes baseballs to dry out, making it harder for pitchers to grip them and further reducing their ability to throw breaking balls. The
233:. In contrast, the crowd is often quiet while the home team is on offense, and that enables the quarterback to use the hard count intended to draw the defense
343:, being one mile (1.6 km) above sea level, has thinner air, enough so that it affects the stamina of athletes whose bodies are not used to it. Although
5204:
2398:
Final and semi-finals). Alternatively the neutral venue may be the home stadium of another club, such as was used historically to stage FA Cup semi-finals.
2318:. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage in the World Series is nowadays given to the team with the best regular season record. Home-ice advantage in the
5360:
5295:
4923:
81:(e.g., best-of-seven) as being given to the team that is scheduled to play one more game at home than their opponent if all necessary games are played.
611:
In a number of sports, the hosting team has the advantage of playing with their first choice uniforms, while the visiting team wears their alternative
5268:
5086:
518:
contained many defects, which were said to give the
Celtics, who were more likely to be familiar with the playing surface, an advantage. During the
566:, in a 17 January 2011 article, reported that home crowds, rigor of travel for visiting teams, scheduling, and unique home field characteristics,
5495:
2544:
351:
demanding than many other sports, high altitude affects that sport's game play in several important ways. Denver's combination of altitude and a
58:
in particular, the difference may also be the result of the home team having been assembled to take advantage of the idiosyncrasies of the home
4579:
Widermann, Diana; Barton, Robert A.; Hill, Russel A. (2011). "Evolutionary perspectives on sport and competition". In
Roberts, S. Craig (ed.).
5419:
603:
games played under the restricted conditions through March, home teams suffered a decline of 10% while road teamsβ win rates increased by 7%.
5441:
579:
explanation for the home advantage effect refers to observed behavioral and physiological responses in animals when they are defending their
4858:
5760:
5334:
1964:
season recorded better result at home field for 13 opponents, same result with 4 opponents, and worse result for two opponents; therefore
431:
adjust the preparation of its pitches in a manner which specifically enhances its own strengths or exacerbates its opponent's weaknesses.
250:
acclimated to local conditions with difficult environments, such as extremely warm or cold weather, or high altitude (such as the case of
539:
4501:
4317:
Conversely, only six playoff series that are either best-of-five or best-of-seven have seen the road team win every game of the series.
2286:, home advantage is usually given to the team with the higher seed (which may or may not have the better record), as is the case in the
531:
662:
535:
1795:
1668:
5668:
4461:
3167:
3130:
3042:
3025:
2601:
2581:
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2881:
This list includes MLB, NBA, and NHL playoff series that are best-of-five or best-of-seven in which the home team wins every game.
5224:
1. The following disciplinary measures may be imposed on member associations and clubs: k. playing of a match in a third country
5407:
It's the first time in NHL history that both conference top seeds were eliminated in the first round of the
Stanley Cup playoffs
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2159:
4496:
1967:
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Champions Cup rules regarding semi final venues, which were taken directly from those of the competition's predecessor, the
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as the designated home team. Exactly 60% of their wins were in their home park, and 61.0% of their losses were on the road.
2068:
Marek and VΓ‘vra (2018) described procedure which allows to use observed counts of combined measure of home team advantage (
2275:
schedules often have an imbalance in which the most successful and largest teams can negotiate more home appearances than
5488:
4784:
2303:
1494:, then the result for Arsenal at home was worse). Same approach has to be used for all opponents in one season to obtain
324:
games from 1992 to 2006, to discern any officiating bias and the influence of home crowds. The data was published in the
2946:
1β1β1β1β1β1β1 Format: Team with home advantage hosts Games 1, 3, 5, 7. Team without home advantage hosts Games 2, 4, 6.
5584:
5466:. CondΓ© Nast Digital. Retrieved 2011-02-21. (Interview with L. Jon Wertheim, about his and Tobias J. Moskowitz's book,
4550:
2727:
5122:
It must be held in the same country as the team drawn as "home". However, exceptions have been allowed. Most notably,
4877:
4866:
494:, it remained important to the many college baseball teams that played games in the Dome until its late 2013 closing.
200:. Away goals can also sometimes be used to separate teams level on points and goal difference in league competitions.
5069:
4722:
scored three goals in La Paz yesterday as
Argentina slumped to its heaviest defeat since losing by the same score to
2738:
2668:
2638:
1117:
1037:
519:
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2907:
Indicates that games were played at a neutral site, and is based on whoever was the designated home team due to the
2976:
2749:
2702:
2415:
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419:
168:(1998) are all in part attributed to the fact that the World Cup was held in the winner's country. A 2006 study by
161:
2954:
2β2β1β1β1 Format: Team with home advantage hosts Games 1β2, 5, 7. Team without home advantage hosts Games 3β4, 6.
2918:
1β1β1β1β1 Format: Team with home advantage hosts Games 1, 3, 5. Team without home advantage hosts Games 2 and 4.
2438:
in 2021 was the first Super Bowl in which one of the participating teams was playing in its home stadium, as the
2240:
527:
4531:
2801:, was the first in which no significant advantage was recorded: home teams that year finished 127β128β1 (.498).
1317:
1224:
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396:
157:
153:
145:
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for teams whose fans cause disturbances at a previous match. For example, after the violent clashes after the
5739:
5368:
2753:
2657:
791:β are used to determine which results are better, same, and which are worse. Given two results between teams
654:, which oftentimes increase the chance of scoring one run, but decrease the chance of scoring multiple runs.
411:
339:
Further, home players can be accustomed to peculiar environmental conditions of their home area. The city of
255:
165:
105:, one game played in each team's "home", are common. It is also common to hold important games, such as the
5559:
4742:
694:
217:
Other factors, however, are easier to detect and can have noticeable effects on the outcome of the game. In
2624:, the game has been held at the venue of the participating team that had the better regular season record.
2483:
2337:
482:
403:
149:
20:
2302:, which from 2003 to 2016, awarded home-field advantage to the team representing the league which won the
5549:
4676:
2798:
2745:, but went 20β21 away. This meant that 63% of their wins were at home, and 75% of their losses were away.
2661:
2279:, a situation that was also prevalent in the early, disorganized years of the National Football League.)
929:
848:
592:
467:
234:
2926:
2β2β1 Format: Team with home advantage hosts Games 1β2, 5. Team without home advantage hosts Games 3β4.
2686:, whose 103β59 record was second-best in MLB. They were 11 games better on the road than at home (46β35
2547:(sometimes also including preseason exhibitions against European clubs), first from 2007 to 2011 as the
316:
Ryan Boyko, a research assistant in the Department of Psychology in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at
4812:
2855:
2822:
that the Presidents' Trophy winners were defeated in the opening round. They were soon followed by the
2706:
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2311:
1961:
459:
422:, who were ranked sixth in the world, 6β1 on April 1, 2009, Argentina's heaviest defeat since 1958. In
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had 14 wins, 7 draws and 17 losses. They had 64% of their wins away, and 53% of their losses at home.
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2810:
2558:
2478:
Neutral-venue matches may arise out of necessity. For example, on December 12, 2010, the roof of the
1957:
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36:
home ground, home field, home-field advantage, home court, home-court advantage, defender's advantage
371:
have a very large home advantage. This anomaly has been countered with Colorado's innovative use of
4469:
4381:
2865:
had 30 wins, 7 draws and 1 loss. They had 57% of their wins at home, and 100% of their losses away.
2790:
434:
The weather can also play a major factor. For example, the February average temperature minimum in
388:
384:
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in the late fall and early winter, regularly suffer large numbers of injuries late in the season.
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5589:
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and 27β14 away. In all, 55% of their wins were at home, and 64% of their losses were on the road.
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2513:
2509:
2411:
2407:
2403:
596:
576:
477:
Sometimes the unique attributes of a stadium create a home-field advantage. The unique off-white
109:, at a neutral site in which the location is determined years in advance. In many team sports in
5087:"Who has home court advantage in the NBA Finals? Why 3-seed Warriors are hosting 2-seed Celtics"
2333:, the team with the better regular season record, regardless of seed, has home-court advantage.
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2719:
2540:
2536:
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2528:
1918:
595:; each of the 20 teams lost at most 3 of 19 home matches and won at most 3 of 19 away matches.
329:
294:
246:
137:
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5054:
2653:
and 51β30 away. Of their wins, 52.8% were at home, and 55.6% of their losses were on the road.
375:
to keep the baseballs from drying out. Denver's altitude advantage has also come into play in
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380:
140:
home and away legs, with weaker teams often beating the favourites when playing at home. The
129:
4613:
3215:
In a best-of-five or best-of-seven series, the home team has won every game in 43 different
2664:, 19β62 away). Of their total wins, 59.6% were at home, and 53.9% of their losses were away.
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760:
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2600:) from being drawn in the same group, but it does happen - for example, the UkraineβKosovo
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to travel about 10% farther than at sea level, and also slightly reduces the ability of a
8:
4727:
4506:
4298:
4286:
4228:
4179:
4153:
4123:
4118:
4100:
4088:
4006:
3947:
3914:
3868:
3718:
3686:
3628:
3590:
3135:
3071:
3009:
2868:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2613:
2255:
415:
226:
4767:
Moskowitz, Tobias J., and L. Jon Wertheim, "What's Really Behind Home Field Advantage",
2690:, 57β24 away). Of their wins, 44.6% were at home, while 40.7% of their losses were away.
2466:. Both games were awarded to their respective locations in 2017. Two other Super Bowls (
5574:
5569:
5554:
5127:
4769:
4363:
4233:
4208:
4173:
4135:
4082:
4066:
3964:
3897:
3850:
3623:
3602:
3563:
3461:
3430:
3410:
3385:
3344:
3313:
3291:
3275:
3269:
3254:
2827:
2672:
2576:
A requirement to play home matches at a neutral venue has been used as a punishment by
2372:
2368:
2319:
1767:
616:
580:
562:
317:
141:
133:
71:
5628:
5609:
5361:"NHL Playoffs 2019: All the division winners have been eliminated in the first round"
5065:
5034:
5003:
4984:
4635:
4592:
4437:
4416:
4350:
4264:
4246:
4060:
4001:
3983:
3971:
3954:
3942:
3924:
3904:
3875:
3845:
3825:
3804:
3787:
3767:
3750:
3733:
3713:
3696:
3676:
3658:
3648:
3638:
3618:
3597:
3553:
3536:
3515:
3495:
3483:
3476:
3456:
3440:
3425:
3420:
3400:
3380:
3359:
3339:
3323:
3302:
3264:
3244:
3152:
3114:
3081:
3059:
3035:
3030:
2908:
2694:
2553:
2479:
670:
666:
547:
495:
376:
352:
286:
218:
313:
in many sports will emphasize the home team's goals and lineup to excite the crowd.
5564:
5156:"Explained: Neutral venues, testing & tension β how Premier League will return"
4963:
4953:
4625:
4584:
4213:
4191:
4158:
4106:
3856:
3608:
3178:
3104:
3099:
3047:
2687:
2451:
2419:
2272:
674:
624:
471:
368:
348:
310:
251:
19:"Home field advantage" redirects here. For the album by The High & Mighty, see
5468:
Scorecasting: The Hidden Influences Behind How Sports are Played and Games are Won
5139:
4554:
5533:
4884:
4873:
4862:
4843:
4654:
4451:
4406:
4358:
4281:
4269:
3989:
3976:
3885:
3880:
3835:
3738:
3723:
3663:
3578:
3558:
3546:
3526:
3500:
3405:
3390:
3349:
3285:
3249:
3065:
2975:
In a best-of-five or best-of-seven series, the home team has won every game of a
2794:
2701:
where all seven games were won by the road team. Ironically, both finalists, the
2606:
2520:
2487:
2391:
2364:
2315:
1785:
669:
added permanently in the National League, the home league's rules concerning the
647:
526:-led Celtics posted a home court record of 40β1; this record still stands in the
487:
197:
4532:"Il fattore campo si prende la rivincita [Home advantage takes revenge]"
5714:
5704:
5135:
4898:
4719:
4474:
4446:
4427:
4386:
4196:
3959:
3929:
3892:
3815:
3760:
3541:
3520:
3445:
3364:
3328:
3198:
3193:
3172:
3140:
3087:
3015:
2862:
2823:
2789:
At least some degree of home field advantage has been recorded in almost every
2566:
2471:
2467:
2455:
2447:
2259:
2248:
511:
499:
451:
400:
355:(the city averages only about 16 in/400 mm precipitation annually) allows
321:
175:
102:
78:
67:
63:
2781:, the home team won 95 games (54.3%), and the away team won 80 games (45.7%).
192:
In recognition of the difficulty in winning away matches, cup competitions in
5754:
5699:
4639:
4303:
4141:
4011:
3935:
3830:
3809:
3797:
3755:
3743:
3669:
3585:
3573:
3505:
3466:
2756:, going 9β32 and 19β22 at home and 13β28 and 20β21 on the road, respectively.
2570:
2565:βfalling roughly halfway between the markets of the participating teams, the
2505:
2491:
2435:
2423:
643:
515:
503:
463:
427:
364:
298:
110:
47:
43:
5296:"The 2019 World Series Defied Everything We Know About Home-Field Advantage"
4924:"The 2019 World Series Defied Everything We Know About Home-Field Advantage"
4630:
2793:
season; each year, designated home teams have won more games than lost. The
2722:, the home team won 729 games (59%), and the away team won 501 games (41%).
2486:
collapsed due to a snowstorm. The Vikings were supposed to play against the
571:
enough to affect the outcomes of sporting events in favor of the home team.
309:, and other means to enliven the crowd will be in support of the home team.
5724:
5683:
5673:
5618:
5523:
5110:
5035:"Comparison of Home Team Advantage in English and Spanish Football Leagues"
4789:
3216:
3052:
2839:
2742:
2731:
2621:
2459:
2323:
2299:
2287:
682:
678:
612:
584:
555:
491:
306:
266:
2543:
reduced the regular season from 84 to 82 games per team. The NHL has held
450:
is 10 Β°F (β12 Β°C), with snow being common. This means that when
5729:
5719:
4958:
4941:
4785:"Why is Nigeria the world's toughest league in which to get an away win?"
2650:
651:
356:
282:
259:
222:
5473:
5269:"This is the first-ever World Series where neither team won a home game"
2838:, were each eliminated in an overtime game, the Predators in six by the
5734:
5709:
5142:, which is far closer to Biarritz than any acceptable ground in France.
4968:
3909:
3792:
2667:
The largest differential between home and road records was that of the
2495:
2431:
2330:
631:
551:
523:
242:
238:
230:
122:
118:
106:
27:
2748:
The only teams with a better record on the road than at home were the
2239:) which can be measured by Jeffrey divergence (a symmetric version of
399:
also enjoys the advantage of playing at high altitude: at home during
5599:
3863:
3772:
3701:
2589:
2310:; before 2003, home-field advantage alternated each year between the
2276:
302:
274:
170:
4029:
has the home team gone undefeated across the entirety of the series.
2774:
2770:
2766:
2283:
635:
435:
406:
at the even more extreme 3,600 m (11,800 ft) altitude of
344:
333:
114:
85:
59:
51:
5134:
border, have been allowed to take semifinals across the border to
5039:
Proceedings of 17th Conference on Applied Mathematics APLIMAT 2018
689:
442:
is 50 Β°F (10 Β°C), while the average at the same time in
5658:
5273:
4703:"Argentina Loses 6-1 to Bolivia in Biggest Soccer Loss Since '58"
2617:
2244:
507:
423:
372:
360:
278:
55:
4312:"Big Four" playoff series in which the road team goes undefeated
2876:"Big Four" playoff series in which the home team goes undefeated
208:
5123:
2597:
2593:
2434:
is also played in a venue chosen years in advance of the game.
2395:
2379:
2357:
2306:
that year, to help raise interest in the All-Star Game after a
1380:(for example, if Arsenal won 3β1 at home against Chelsea, i.e.
478:
447:
439:
407:
340:
270:
2561:
was also a neutral site game, played in the non-NHL market of
1908:{\displaystyle P(p_{1}>p_{-1})=1-I_{1/2}(k_{1}+1,k_{-1}+1)}
1757:{\displaystyle {\hat {p}}_{r}={\frac {k_{r}+1}{K+3}},r=-1,0,1}
5131:
2585:
443:
2251:
has the lowest home team advantage, among analysed leagues.
5579:
4942:"Comparison of Home Advantage in European Football Leagues"
4025:
In a best-of-five or best-of-seven series, 13 times in the
2577:
2352:
all remaining games in the series are won by the home team
2422:
played (and lost) the 2012 final at their home stadium of
2232:{\displaystyle {\hat {p}}_{r}={\frac {k_{r}}{K}},r=-1,0,1}
1007:'s field, we can compute differences in scores (e.g. from
387:
history took place in Denver, as did the longest recorded
289:
this may not always be the case). In some sports, such as
4614:"Home Advantage in Ice Hockey Matches without Spectators"
2427:
2271:
leagues with structured schedules; for a counterexample,
2265:
5420:"Sky Sports bust common football myths: Home advantage?"
5181:"Tickets to go on sale for Heritage Classic on April 25"
5130:, located less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the
2682:
An especially anomalous home/away split was that of the
2057:{\displaystyle P(p_{1}>p_{-1})=1-I_{1/2}(14,3)=0.998}
583:
against intruders. This causes a rise in aggression and
265:
The stadium or arena will typically be filled with home
2490:
at the stadium the next day. The game was moved to the
74:; most other sports are played in standardized venues.
2322:
is given to the team with the best season record. The
2899:
Indicates the winner went on to win the championship
2162:
2128:
2101:
2074:
1970:
1921:
1798:
1770:
1671:
1641:
1614:
1587:
1554:
1527:
1500:
1443:
1386:
1320:
1293:
1227:
1200:
1120:
1040:
1013:
986:
932:
905:
851:
824:
797:
763:
736:
709:
5229:
606:
5392:"Top-seed Flames join Lightning as 1st-round flops"
5004:"Home team advantage in the English Premier League"
4989:
MathSport International 2017 Conference Proceedings
4940:Marek, Patrice; VΓ‘vra, FrantiΕ‘ek (21 August 2020).
4813:"What is the True Effect of NHL Home Ice Advantage"
4578:
4320:
Only three have occurred in a best-of-seven format.
1788:). To test hypothesis that home-field advantage is
5053:
2231:
2144:
2114:
2087:
2056:
1948:
1907:
1784:is total number of opponents in a league (this is
1776:
1756:
1657:
1627:
1600:
1570:
1540:
1513:
1486:
1429:
1372:
1306:
1279:
1213:
1186:
1106:
1026:
999:
972:
918:
891:
837:
810:
779:
749:
722:
5442:Home-field advantage statistical study (baseball)
5238:"Big changes for MLS Cup Playoffs format in 2012"
5056:Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications
470:) is subject to high and unpredictable winds and
5752:
5116:The venue cannot be a team's normal home ground.
2938:by winning three elimination games (Games 3β5).
5470:, including "notions of home-field advantage".)
5464:Playbook: The Wired World of Sports (wired.com)
5033:Marek, Patrice; VΓ‘vra, FrantiΕ‘ek (March 2018).
4985:"Home Team Advantage in English Premier League"
2602:qualifier game for the 2018 World Championships
1187:{\displaystyle d_{a,T_{1}}=a_{T_{1}}-h_{T_{2}}}
1107:{\displaystyle d_{h,T_{1}}=h_{T_{1}}-a_{T_{2}}}
690:Measuring and comparing of home-field advantage
5153:
4899:"Everything you need to know about '22 season"
5489:
5447:Urawa Red Diamonds Official Site (in English)
5154:Slater, Matt; Ornstein, David (May 2, 2020).
4935:
4933:
4605:
2697:is the first 7-game series in the history of
591:An extreme example of home advantage was the
332:, and this is more likely with inexperienced
209:Factors related to the location and the venue
5460:"Scorecasting Tackles Sportsβ Biggest Myths"
5335:"What Happened to NFL Home-Field Advantage?"
4887:, Phil Hecken, 2010 (Retrieved 3 March 2013)
2545:neutral-site, season-opening games in Europe
787:). Goals scored and conceded β in so called
414:, a team regularly ranked number one in the
229:play changes, or for any player to hear the
5212:UEFA Disciplinary Regulations, Edition 2016
5119:It must have a capacity of at least 20,000.
4896:
4551:""Home Field Advantage" at London Olympics"
4217:
4162:
4070:
3918:
3839:
3781:
3727:
3690:
3652:
3567:
3530:
3470:
3124:
3075:
3019:
2891:Indicates series in the championship round
2726:The team with the best overall record, the
2645:The team with the best overall record, the
2378:In some cup competitions, (for example the
2247:has the strongest home team advantage, and
490:with that team's 2010 move to the open-air
258:, many of whose home matches are played in
237:as the defense can hear the hard count. In
5496:
5482:
5332:
5032:
5001:
4982:
4939:
4930:
4611:
2329:For most championship series, such as the
1373:{\displaystyle d_{h,T_{1}}<d_{a,T_{1}}}
1280:{\displaystyle d_{h,T_{1}}>d_{a,T_{1}}}
77:The term is also widely used in "best-of"
16:Advantage a team has playing in home venue
5608:
5503:
5002:Marek, Patrice; VΓ‘vra, FrantiΕ‘ek (2020).
4983:Marek, Patrice; VΓ‘vra, FrantiΕ‘ek (2017).
4967:
4957:
4629:
4612:Marek, Patrice; VΓ‘vra, FrantiΕ‘ek (2024).
4589:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.001.0001
2639:2018 Major League Baseball regular season
5669:Harris Interactive College Football Poll
5235:
4837:"Mets and Braves wearing color vs color"
4553:. Berkshire Publishining. Archived from
4462:2023 American League Championship Series
3168:2017 American League Championship Series
3131:2004 National League Championship Series
3043:1984 National League Championship Series
3026:1982 American League Championship Series
2348:for whichever team would win the series
2154:test for homogeneity of parallel samples
693:
554:-based arena in the southern suburbs of
66:, such as the distances to the outfield
5437:Home advantage study (college football)
5266:
4897:Castrovince, Anthony (March 10, 2022).
4548:
2849:
2826:, who with their five-game loss to the
2152:) in two leagues to be compared by the
1437:, and Arsenal won 3β0 at Chelsea, i.e.
789:combined measure of home team advantage
42:– describes the benefit that the
5753:
5389:
5358:
5084:
4700:
2266:Gaining or losing home-field advantage
1665:are used to estimate probabilities as
5664:FWAA-NFF Grantland Rice Super 16 Poll
5477:
5458:Repanich, Jeremy (January 27, 2011).
5236:Freedman, Jonah (November 20, 2011).
4782:
4674:
4574:
4572:
4492:Major League Baseball (All-Star Game)
4224:2002 Eastern Conference Quarterfinals
2741:had the best home record, going 34β7
2258:had the strongest home advantage and
241:, when a visiting player is making a
5333:Princiotti, Nora (January 6, 2021).
4497:Major League Baseball (World Series)
4397:2012 National League Division Series
4374:2010 American League Division Series
4277:2016 Western Conference Second Round
3189:2019 American League Division Series
3148:2011 National League Division Series
3095:1995 American League Division Series
3005:1981 National League Division Series
2784:
2656:The team with the worst record, the
5761:Terminology used in multiple sports
5267:DiGangi, Diana (October 30, 2019).
5051:
4849:
4655:"Study Reveals Referees' Home Bias"
4652:
4351:1984 Eastern Conference First Round
4294:2022 Eastern Conference First Round
4002:2024 Eastern Conference First Round
3984:2020 Western Conference First Round
3972:2018 Eastern Conference First Round
3925:2008 Eastern Conference First Round
3905:2004 Eastern Conference First Round
3876:2002 Eastern Conference First Round
3846:2000 Western Conference First Round
3826:1999 Eastern Conference First Round
3788:1997 Eastern Conference First Round
3768:1996 Western Conference First Round
3697:1992 Western Conference First Round
3677:1991 Western Conference First Round
3619:1990 Eastern Conference First Round
3554:1988 Eastern Conference First Round
3496:1984 Eastern Conference First Round
2842:, and the Capitals in seven by the
2498:. The following week, the Vikings'
973:{\displaystyle h_{T_{2}}:a_{T_{1}}}
892:{\displaystyle h_{T_{1}}:a_{T_{2}}}
13:
5585:Pomeroy College Basketball Ratings
5060:. John Wiley & Sons. pp.
4569:
4502:Major League Baseball (postseason)
4438:2020 Eastern Conference Semifinals
4260:2013 Western Conference Semifinals
4149:1981 Stanley Cup preliminary round
3955:2017 Eastern Conference Semifinals
3943:2008 Eastern Conference Semifinals
3734:1994 Eastern Conference Semifinals
3714:1993 Western Conference Semifinals
3639:1990 Western Conference Semifinals
3516:1984 Eastern Conference Semifinals
3484:1977 Western Conference Semifinals
3477:1973 Western Conference Semifinals
3457:1971 Western Conference Semifinals
2298:. One exception to this was MLB's
410:they have even been known to beat
14:
5772:
5205:"Article 6 Disciplinary measures"
4677:"More humidors likely on horizon"
4538:(in Italian). September 19, 2001.
2627:
2385:
607:Factors related to the game rules
5570:English Chess Federation grading
5390:Kaplan, Emily (April 20, 2019).
5359:Silber, Sammi (April 24, 2019).
4169:1982 Patrick Division Semifinals
3421:1964 Eastern Division Semifinals
3401:1964 Western Division Semifinals
3340:1961 Western Division Semifinals
2977:Major League Baseball postseason
2675:, 31β50 away, and winning their
1962:2015/2016 English Premier League
498:, the home stadium of the NFL's
5412:
5383:
5352:
5326:
5302:
5288:
5260:
5197:
5173:
5147:
5103:
5078:
5045:
5026:
4995:
4976:
4916:
4890:
4846:, 2009 (Retrieved 5 March 2013)
4830:
4805:
4783:Doyle, Paul (29 October 2013).
4776:
4581:Applied Evolutionary Psychology
4478:
4455:
4436:
4431:
4410:
4390:
4367:
3982:
3819:
3632:
3612:
3509:
3450:
3434:
3414:
3394:
3374:
3353:
3333:
3317:
3296:
3279:
3258:
3202:
3182:
3161:
3108:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2903:
2649:, finished 108β54, going 57β24
2620:final at a neutral site. Since
2582:Turkey-Switzerland game in 2005
2539:was lockout-shortened, and the
2262:had the lowest home advantage.
1487:{\displaystyle d_{a,Arsenal}=3}
1430:{\displaystyle d_{h,Arsenal}=2}
1314:played better at away field if
1221:played better at home field if
661:labor agreement that ended the
4856:"NFL Color vs. Color β Part I"
4761:
4735:
4694:
4668:
4646:
4618:Austrian Journal of Statistics
4542:
4524:
4204:1992 Adams Division Semifinals
4187:1985 Adams Division Semifinals
4114:1976 Stanley Cup Quarterfinals
3805:1998 Eastern Conference Finals
3751:1995 Eastern Conference Finals
3659:1990 Eastern Conference Finals
3598:1988 Western Conference Finals
3537:1987 Eastern Conference Finals
2519:As part of a settlement for a
2170:
2045:
2033:
2003:
1974:
1943:
1940:
1902:
1861:
1831:
1802:
1679:
623:(except Texas, which plays by
418:. More recently, Bolivia beat
1:
5684:USA Today/Amway Coaches' Poll
5595:Rating Percentage Index (RPI)
4878:"Part III: A Modest Proposal"
4867:"Part II: Back to the Future"
4773:, 17 January 2011, pp. 65β72.
4675:Renck, Troy (June 20, 2006).
4512:
2799:empty and near-empty stadiums
2730:, finished 60β22, going 33β8
2713:
621:high school American football
256:Mexico national football team
138:UEFA Europa Conference League
91:
5085:Skiver, Kevin (2022-06-02).
4701:Baynes, Dan (2 April 2009).
3441:1965 Eastern Division Finals
3381:1963 Western Division Finals
3360:1962 Eastern Division Finals
3324:1959 Eastern Division Finals
3303:1956 Eastern Division Finals
3265:1953 Western Division Finals
3245:1951 Eastern Division Finals
2484:Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome
2338:European Rugby Champions Cup
1960:. For example, Newcastle in
483:Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome
21:Home Field Advantage (album)
7:
5550:Advanced Football Analytics
5543:Methods and computer models
5310:"Home advantage in the IPL"
4583:. Oxford University Press.
4485:
4131:1979 Stanley Cup Semifinals
4096:1974 Stanley Cup Semifinals
2699:major North American sports
2632:
2260:English Football League Two
2249:English football league two
2241:KullbackβLeibler divergence
593:2013 Nigeria Premier League
10:
5777:
2760:
2720:2018β19 NBA regular season
673:(DH) were followed during
460:2009-10 UEFA Europa League
326:Journal of Sports Sciences
18:
5692:
5651:
5542:
5511:
4872:14 September 2012 at the
4842:6 March 2013 at Wikiwix,
4377:
3958:
3928:
3874:
3844:
3552:
3465:
3460:
3429:
3312:
3274:
3103:
3064:
2811:2019 Stanley Cup playoffs
2804:
2559:2019 NHL Heritage Classic
1958:incomplete gamma function
1949:{\displaystyle I_{1/2}()}
1790:statistically significant
203:
186:Adams & Kupper (1994)
46:is said to gain over the
5560:Bowl Championship Series
4883:14 December 2013 at the
4861:28 November 2012 at the
2791:National Football League
2450:. The next year saw the
385:National Football League
5590:Pythagorean expectation
4631:10.17713/ajs.v53i3.1664
4253:Mighty Ducks of Anaheim
4241:2003 Stanley Cup Finals
4077:1965 Stanley Cup Finals
4055:1955 Stanley Cup Finals
2551:, and from 2017 as the
2525:NHL Players Association
2510:University of Minnesota
577:evolutionary psychology
426:, the condition of the
245:, home fans behind the
5140:Donostia-San SebastiΓ‘n
4549:Christensen, Kristen.
4019:
3778:Portland Trail Blazers
3682:Portland Trail Blazers
3644:Portland Trail Blazers
3209:
2969:
2856:2018β19 Premier League
2677:only neutral-site game
2529:National Hockey League
2363:As an example, in the
2233:
2146:
2145:{\displaystyle k_{-1}}
2116:
2089:
2058:
1950:
1909:
1778:
1758:
1659:
1658:{\displaystyle k_{-1}}
1629:
1602:
1572:
1571:{\displaystyle k_{-1}}
1542:
1515:
1488:
1431:
1374:
1308:
1281:
1215:
1188:
1108:
1028:
1001:
974:
920:
893:
839:
812:
781:
780:{\displaystyle k_{-1}}
751:
724:
700:
466:, whose home stadium (
363:to throw an effective
322:English Premier League
5505:Sports rating systems
3995:Oklahoma City Thunder
3489:Golden State Warriors
3371:Philadelphia Warriors
3308:Philadelphia Warriors
2815:Columbus Blue Jackets
2779:Indian Premier League
2669:Philadelphia Phillies
2660:, went 47β115 (28β53
2501:Monday Night Football
2464:Inglewood, California
2444:Raymond James Stadium
2234:
2147:
2117:
2115:{\displaystyle k_{0}}
2090:
2088:{\displaystyle k_{1}}
2059:
1951:
1910:
1779:
1759:
1660:
1630:
1628:{\displaystyle k_{0}}
1603:
1601:{\displaystyle k_{1}}
1573:
1543:
1541:{\displaystyle k_{0}}
1516:
1514:{\displaystyle k_{1}}
1489:
1432:
1375:
1309:
1307:{\displaystyle T_{1}}
1282:
1216:
1214:{\displaystyle T_{1}}
1189:
1109:
1029:
1027:{\displaystyle T_{1}}
1002:
1000:{\displaystyle T_{2}}
975:
921:
919:{\displaystyle T_{1}}
894:
840:
838:{\displaystyle T_{2}}
813:
811:{\displaystyle T_{1}}
782:
752:
750:{\displaystyle k_{0}}
725:
723:{\displaystyle k_{1}}
697:
677:games, including the
659:Major League Baseball
544:Vanderbilt University
379:; the second longest
130:UEFA Champions League
103:matches with two legs
5529:Strength of schedule
5314:www.espncricinfo.com
4959:10.3390/risks8030087
4423:Washington Nationals
4402:San Francisco Giants
4027:Stanley Cup playoffs
3707:Los Angeles Clippers
3158:Arizona Diamondbacks
3120:Arizona Diamondbacks
2850:Association football
2703:Washington Nationals
2616:formerly hosted its
2563:Regina, Saskatchewan
2440:Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2296:Stanley Cup playoffs
2160:
2126:
2099:
2072:
1968:
1919:
1796:
1768:
1669:
1639:
1612:
1585:
1552:
1525:
1498:
1441:
1384:
1318:
1291:
1225:
1198:
1118:
1038:
1011:
984:
930:
903:
849:
822:
795:
761:
734:
707:
481:-coated roof of the
393:association football
291:association football
194:association football
99:association football
34:– also called
5052:Rao, C. R. (2002).
4557:on January 18, 2013
4507:Circadian advantage
4327:
4299:Carolina Hurricanes
4287:Nashville Predators
4229:Toronto Maple Leafs
4180:Pittsburgh Penguins
4154:Philadelphia Flyers
4124:Toronto Maple Leafs
4119:Philadelphia Flyers
4101:Philadelphia Flyers
4089:Chicago Black Hawks
4034:
4007:Cleveland Cavaliers
3948:Cleveland Cavaliers
3915:New Orleans Hornets
3869:Seattle SuperSonics
3719:Seattle SuperSonics
3687:Seattle SuperSonics
3629:Cleveland Cavaliers
3591:Cleveland Cavaliers
3224:
3136:St. Louis Cardinals
3072:St. Louis Cardinals
3010:Los Angeles Dodgers
2984:
2896:Eventual champion*
2844:Carolina Hurricanes
2836:Washington Capitals
2832:Nashville Predators
2614:Major League Soccer
2256:Super League Greece
1034:'s point of view):
416:FIFA World Rankings
287:crosstown rivalries
176:English Premiership
5679:NAIA Coaches' Poll
5575:Litkenhous Ratings
5555:ARGH Power Ratings
5298:. 31 October 2019.
5160:The New York Times
5128:Biarritz Olympique
5008:MetodoloΕ‘ki Zvezki
4926:. 31 October 2019.
4770:Sports Illustrated
4653:BBC (2007-05-06).
4364:Philadelphia 76ers
4326:
4234:New York Islanders
4209:Montreal Canadiens
4174:New York Islanders
4136:Montreal Canadiens
4083:Montreal Canadiens
4067:Montreal Canadiens
4033:
3965:Washington Wizards
3898:Philadelphia 76ers
3851:Los Angeles Lakers
3624:Philadelphia 76ers
3603:Los Angeles Lakers
3564:Washington Bullets
3462:Los Angeles Lakers
3431:Philadelphia 76ers
3411:Los Angeles Lakers
3386:Los Angeles Lakers
3345:Los Angeles Lakers
3314:Syracuse Nationals
3292:Syracuse Nationals
3276:Fort Wayne Pistons
3270:Minneapolis Lakers
3255:Syracuse Nationals
3223:
2983:
2936:2β0 series deficit
2828:Colorado Avalanche
2612:In North America,
2541:1995β96 NHL season
2533:1993β94 NHL season
2373:Philadelphia 76ers
2369:Los Angeles Lakers
2320:Stanley Cup Finals
2229:
2142:
2112:
2085:
2054:
1946:
1905:
1786:Bayesian estimator
1774:
1754:
1655:
1625:
1598:
1568:
1538:
1511:
1484:
1427:
1370:
1304:
1277:
1211:
1184:
1104:
1024:
997:
970:
916:
889:
835:
808:
777:
747:
720:
701:
563:Sports Illustrated
532:Memorial Gymnasium
454:played at home to
318:Harvard University
311:Stadium announcers
174:found that in the
134:UEFA Europa League
40:home-ice advantage
5748:
5747:
5652:Polls and opinion
5647:
5646:
5371:on April 25, 2019
4817:onlinegambling.ca
4749:. 4 December 2012
4598:978-0-19-958607-3
4483:
4482:
4417:2019 World Series
4309:
4308:
4265:Los Angeles Kings
4247:New Jersey Devils
4061:Detroit Red Wings
4017:
4016:
3649:San Antonio Spurs
3426:Cincinnati Royals
3207:
3206:
3153:Milwaukee Brewers
3115:2001 World Series
3082:1991 World Series
3060:1987 World Series
3036:California Angels
3031:Milwaukee Brewers
2967:
2966:
2909:COVID-19 pandemic
2785:American football
2695:2019 World Series
2658:Baltimore Orioles
2554:NHL Global Series
2508:was moved to the
2504:game against the
2480:Minnesota Vikings
2458:at their home of
2418:). Most recently
2200:
2173:
1777:{\displaystyle K}
1725:
1682:
671:designated hitter
667:designated hitter
548:Cherry Hill Arena
514:' former home of
496:Hard Rock Stadium
377:gridiron football
353:semi-arid climate
254:, as well as the
219:American football
196:often invoke the
5768:
5606:
5605:
5565:Dickinson System
5498:
5491:
5484:
5475:
5474:
5424:
5423:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5402:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5367:. Archived from
5365:Yahoo!Sports.com
5356:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5244:. Archived from
5233:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5219:
5209:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5151:
5145:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5059:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4961:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4894:
4888:
4853:
4847:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4780:
4774:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4715:
4713:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4633:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4576:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4528:
4328:
4325:
4214:Hartford Whalers
4192:Quebec Nordiques
4159:Quebec Nordiques
4107:New York Rangers
4035:
4032:
3857:Sacramento Kings
3609:Dallas Mavericks
3225:
3222:
3179:New York Yankees
3105:New York Yankees
3100:Seattle Mariners
3048:San Diego Padres
2985:
2982:
2979:series 11 times.
2885:
2884:
2537:following season
2514:TCF Bank Stadium
2452:Los Angeles Rams
2282:However, in the
2273:college football
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2002:
2001:
1986:
1985:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1895:
1894:
1873:
1872:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1830:
1829:
1814:
1813:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1726:
1724:
1713:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
996:
995:
979:
977:
976:
971:
969:
968:
967:
966:
949:
948:
947:
946:
925:
923:
922:
917:
915:
914:
898:
896:
895:
890:
888:
887:
886:
885:
868:
867:
866:
865:
844:
842:
841:
836:
834:
833:
817:
815:
814:
809:
807:
806:
786:
784:
783:
778:
776:
775:
756:
754:
753:
748:
746:
745:
729:
727:
726:
721:
719:
718:
613:away/road colors
534:, the venue for
520:1985β1986 season
472:lake-effect snow
468:Highmark Stadium
369:Colorado Rockies
320:, studied 5,000
5776:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5765:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5688:
5643:
5604:
5538:
5534:Win probability
5507:
5502:
5453:Further reading
5428:
5427:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5400:
5398:
5388:
5384:
5374:
5372:
5357:
5353:
5343:
5341:
5331:
5327:
5318:
5316:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5265:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5248:on July 3, 2021
5234:
5230:
5217:
5215:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5189:
5187:
5185:CTV News Regina
5179:
5178:
5174:
5164:
5162:
5152:
5148:
5108:
5104:
5095:
5093:
5083:
5079:
5072:
5050:
5046:
5031:
5027:
5017:
5015:
5000:
4996:
4981:
4977:
4938:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4895:
4891:
4885:Wayback Machine
4874:Wayback Machine
4863:Wayback Machine
4854:
4850:
4844:SportsLogos.net
4835:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4781:
4777:
4766:
4762:
4752:
4750:
4743:"Pitch perfect"
4741:
4740:
4736:
4711:
4709:
4699:
4695:
4685:
4683:
4681:The Denver Post
4673:
4669:
4660:
4658:
4651:
4647:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4577:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4547:
4543:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4515:
4488:
4452:Toronto Raptors
4407:Cincinnati Reds
4359:New Jersey Nets
4344:
4314:
4282:San Jose Sharks
4270:San Jose Sharks
4048:
4022:
3990:Houston Rockets
3977:Milwaukee Bucks
3886:Toronto Raptors
3881:Detroit Pistons
3836:Detroit Pistons
3739:New York Knicks
3724:Houston Rockets
3664:Detroit Pistons
3579:Milwaukee Bucks
3559:Detroit Pistons
3547:Detroit Pistons
3527:New York Knicks
3501:Milwaukee Bucks
3406:St. Louis Hawks
3391:St. Louis Hawks
3350:Detroit Pistons
3286:1955 NBA Finals
3250:New York Knicks
3238:
3212:
3066:Minnesota Twins
2998:
2972:
2878:
2852:
2807:
2795:2020 NFL season
2787:
2777:seasons of the
2763:
2728:Milwaukee Bucks
2716:
2635:
2630:
2607:away goals rule
2488:New York Giants
2482:' stadium, the
2392:Wembley Stadium
2388:
2365:1982 NBA Finals
2316:American League
2312:National League
2268:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2023:
2019:
2015:
1994:
1990:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1887:
1883:
1868:
1864:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:we can compute
1769:
1766:
1765:
1714:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1347:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
991:
987:
985:
982:
981:
962:
958:
957:
953:
942:
938:
937:
933:
931:
928:
927:
910:
906:
904:
901:
900:
881:
877:
876:
872:
861:
857:
856:
852:
850:
847:
846:
829:
825:
823:
820:
819:
802:
798:
796:
793:
792:
768:
764:
762:
759:
758:
741:
737:
735:
732:
731:
714:
710:
708:
705:
704:
692:
663:2021β22 lockout
617:black-and-white
609:
488:Minnesota Twins
456:Hapoel Tel Aviv
391:. The national
211:
206:
198:away goals rule
94:
79:playoff formats
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5774:
5764:
5763:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5715:Kenneth Massey
5712:
5707:
5705:John Hollinger
5702:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5519:Home advantage
5515:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5501:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5426:
5425:
5411:
5382:
5351:
5325:
5301:
5287:
5259:
5228:
5196:
5172:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5136:Estadio Anoeta
5120:
5117:
5102:
5077:
5070:
5044:
5025:
4994:
4975:
4929:
4915:
4889:
4848:
4829:
4804:
4775:
4760:
4734:
4728:1958 World Cup
4724:Czechoslovakia
4720:Joaquin Botero
4693:
4667:
4645:
4604:
4597:
4568:
4541:
4522:
4521:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4475:Houston Astros
4472:
4467:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4449:
4447:Boston Celtics
4444:
4441:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4428:Houston Astros
4425:
4420:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4387:Tampa Bay Rays
4384:
4379:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:Buffalo Sabres
4194:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4021:
4018:
4015:
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4009:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:Boston Celtics
3957:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3930:Boston Celtics
3927:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3912:
3907:
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3900:
3895:
3893:Boston Celtics
3889:
3888:
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3878:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
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3818:
3816:Indiana Pacers
3813:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:Indiana Pacers
3758:
3753:
3747:
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3741:
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3730:
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3726:
3721:
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3710:
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3561:
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3549:
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3542:Boston Celtics
3539:
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3521:Boston Celtics
3518:
3512:
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3479:
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3446:Boston Celtics
3443:
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3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
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3365:Boston Celtics
3362:
3356:
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3347:
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3336:
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3329:Boston Celtics
3326:
3320:
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3199:Tampa Bay Rays
3196:
3194:Houston Astros
3191:
3185:
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3176:
3173:Houston Astros
3170:
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3141:Houston Astros
3138:
3133:
3127:
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3123:
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3111:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
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3088:Atlanta Braves
3085:
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3063:
3056:
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3050:
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3016:Houston Astros
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2869:Crystal Palace
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2824:Calgary Flames
2806:
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2762:
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2746:
2739:Denver Nuggets
2735:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:Houston Astros
2691:
2684:Houston Astros
2680:
2671:, going 48β32
2665:
2654:
2647:Boston Red Sox
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:By competition
2626:
2567:Calgary Flames
2456:Super Bowl LVI
2448:Tampa, Florida
2387:
2386:Neutral venues
2384:
2336:Rugby union's
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2018:
2014:
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774:
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757:), and worse (
744:
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652:stealing bases
608:
605:
581:home territory
542:basketball at
512:Boston Celtics
500:Miami Dolphins
210:
207:
205:
202:
128:An example is
93:
90:
32:home advantage
15:
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5422:. Sky Sports.
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5242:MLSSoccer.com
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5091:Sporting News
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4470:Texas Rangers
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4304:Boston Bruins
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4142:Boston Bruins
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4012:Orlando Magic
4010:
4008:
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3936:Atlanta Hawks
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3831:Atlanta Hawks
3829:
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3817:
3814:
3811:
3810:Chicago Bulls
3808:
3806:
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3802:
3799:
3798:Orlando Magic
3796:
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3756:Orlando Magic
3754:
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3744:Chicago Bulls
3742:
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3670:Chicago Bulls
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3586:Chicago Bulls
3584:
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3574:Atlanta Hawks
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3506:Atlanta Hawks
3504:
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3467:Chicago Bulls
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2750:Chicago Bulls
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2571:Winnipeg Jets
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2506:Chicago Bears
2503:
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2492:Detroit Lions
2489:
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2436:Super Bowl LV
2433:
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2424:Allianz Arena
2421:
2420:Bayern Munich
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299:sound effects
296:
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5674:Legends Poll
5619:Chessmetrics
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4337:Winning Team
4331:Year/ Series
4041:Winning Team
4038:Year/ Series
3231:Winning Team
3228:Year/ Series
3053:Chicago Cubs
2991:Winning Team
2988:Year/ Series
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2840:Dallas Stars
2808:
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2460:SoFi Stadium
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492:Target Field
476:
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307:cheerleaders
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216:
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5730:Nate Silver
5720:Ken Pomeroy
5280:October 31,
5018:23 February
4969:11025/42536
4340:Losing Team
4044:Losing Team
3234:Losing Team
3217:NBA playoff
2994:Losing Team
2765:Across the
2521:1992 strike
2494:' stadium,
2371:played the
2308:tie in 2002
699:advantages.
675:interleague
452:Rubin Kazan
349:aerobically
295:light shows
260:Mexico City
223:quarterback
164:(1978) and
113:(including
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28:team sports
5735:Jeff Sonas
5710:Bill James
5344:January 7,
5339:The Ringer
5319:2020-11-25
5218:12 October
5190:2019-03-21
5096:2023-03-13
5041:: 724β732.
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4797:12 October
4730:in Sweden.
4661:2007-05-06
4561:August 12,
4513:References
3910:Miami Heat
3793:Miami Heat
2754:Miami Heat
2714:Basketball
2496:Ford Field
2442:played at
2432:Super Bowl
2394:hosts the
2331:NBA Finals
2277:mid-majors
1581:Values of
980:played at
899:played at
632:ice hockey
597:Paul Doyle
552:New Jersey
524:Larry Bird
404:qualifiers
381:field goal
267:supporters
243:free throw
239:basketball
231:snap count
123:ice hockey
119:basketball
107:Super Bowl
92:Advantages
72:boundaries
5639:Universal
5600:TrueSkill
5375:April 24,
5214:. UEFA. 9
4952:(3): 87.
4908:March 11,
4707:Bloomberg
4640:1026-597X
3864:Utah Jazz
3773:Utah Jazz
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2590:Gibraltar
2535:, as the
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420:Argentina
401:World Cup
357:fly balls
303:fireworks
275:whistling
247:backboard
171:The Times
162:Argentina
142:World Cup
44:home team
5755:Category
5512:Concepts
5396:ESPN.com
4881:Archived
4870:Archived
4859:Archived
4840:Archived
4793:. London
4718:Striker
4486:See also
2752:and the
2705:and the
2633:Baseball
2314:and the
2284:playoffs
1915:, where
1764:, where
665:saw the
636:face-off
568:were not
436:Tel Aviv
395:team of
373:humidors
347:is less
345:baseball
334:referees
279:heckling
235:offsides
225:to call
160:(1974),
156:(1966),
152:(1934),
148:(1930),
115:baseball
86:baseball
60:ballpark
52:baseball
5659:AP poll
5431:Sources
5401:May 17,
5274:WJLA-TV
5165:June 2,
5132:Spanish
5113:, are:
5062:398β402
4903:MLB.com
4753:12 July
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4686:June 2,
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2245:La Liga
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648:bunting
540:women's
508:parquet
458:in the
424:cricket
397:Bolivia
361:pitcher
227:audible
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5612:family
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2367:, the
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440:Israel
412:Brazil
408:La Paz
341:Denver
271:booing
204:Causes
166:France
121:, and
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5208:(PDF)
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4946:Risks
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4518:Notes
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2454:play
2052:0.998
536:men's
444:Kazan
428:pitch
277:, or
150:Italy
68:walls
5580:Log5
5403:2019
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5282:2019
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