811:, prescribed penalties for heretical clerics and laymen and established a procedure of systematic inquisition by bishops; the third canon of the fourth Lateran Council (1215) specified procedures against heretics and their accomplices. Clerics were to be degraded from their orders, lay persons were to be branded as infamous and not be admitted to public offices or councils or to run a business, will not have the freedom to make a will nor shall succeed to an inheritance, goods were to be confiscated. A secular leader who "neglects to cleanse his territory of this heretical filth" would be excommunicated and the supreme pontiff could declare his vassals absolved from their fealty to him and make the land available for occupation by Catholics who would possess it unopposed and preserve it in the purity of the faith.
1205:, discussed how Inquisitorial propaganda of demonology distorted popular folk beliefs. In similar light, Elliott P. Currie saw the Inquisitions as one singular, ongoing phenomenon, which drove the witch-hunt to its peak. Currie argued that the methods pioneered by the Inquisition indirectly guided continental Europe to a series of persecutions motivated by profit. Second-wave feminism also saw a surge of historical interpretation of the witch-hunt. A number of 100,000 to 9,000,000 executions was given, all of which was attributed to the Inquisition. Feminist scholars Claudia Honeger and Nelly Moia saw the early modern witch-craze as a product of Inquisitorial influence, namely the
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37:
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women. Watt points out that in 1588 the Roman Curia stated it would only allow testimony about participation in a
Sabbath by the practitioners themselves and not by outside witnesses. Additionally, the Inquisition would eventually ban torture for the procurement of a witchcraft confession. The Holy Office also began seeking less harsh punishment for witches and viewed witches as those who had simply lost their way and who could be redeemed, not as apostates deserving death.
62:
1985:
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2004:
1211:. Feminist writers Mary Daly, Barbara Walker, and Witch Starhawk argued that the Inquisitions were responsible for countless, "hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions", deaths, most of them women. This notion was similarly echoed by Third-wave feminist writer Elizabeth Connor, who agreed with the notion of "gynocide", or "woman hunting", inaugurated by the
1254:. In-depth historical research regarding minor details of different types of magic, theological heresies, and political climate of The Reformation further revealed that Inquisitorial procedures greatly restrained witch hunting in Italy. Scholars specializing in the Renaissance and Early Modern period such as
1258:, Christopher F. Black, and Mary O'Neil also discussed the importance of proper procedures and sparse use of torture. The low rate of torture and lawful interrogation, Black argued, means that trials tended to focus more on individual accusation, instead of groups. For the same reason, the notion of the
1262:
was much less accepted in contemporary
Italian popular culture. The Holy Office's function in the disenchantment of popular culture also helped advance rationalism by getting rid of superstitions. Jeffrey R. Watt refutes the feminist claim that the Inquisition was responsible for the death of so many
802:
and other church rulings, in addition to their function of administering legalistic ramifications upon deviants of
Catholic orthodoxy within states that cooperated with the pope and ostensibly exhibiting proper procedure to Catholic states in the process of formulating the Counter-Reformation. The
1266:
Historians who leaned toward the witch-hunt-restraining argument were more inclined to differentiate different
Inquisitions, and often drew contrast between Italy versus Central Europe. The number of executed witches is also greatly lowered, to between 45,000 and 60,000. Those who argued for the
1267:
fault of the
Inquisition in the witch-craze are more likely to contrast continental Europe to England, as well as seeing the Inquisitions as one singular event which lasted 600 years since its founding in the 11th or 12th century. The significance and emphasis of the
390:
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so that the guards might be prevented from understanding them. The inquisitor told him that the inquisition were not accustomed to stopping visitors or travellers unless someone had suggested they do so (Bargrave suspected that
858:
The Roman
Inquisition began in 1542 as part of the Catholic Church's Counter-Reformation against the spread of Protestantism, but it represented a less harsh affair than the previously established Spanish Inquisition. In 1588,
896:
While the Roman
Inquisition was originally designed to combat the spread of Protestantism in Italy, the institution outlived that original purpose and the system of tribunals lasted until the mid 18th century, when
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160:
1457:
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610:
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920:
Nicolaus
Copernicus circulated for scholarly discussion his hypothesis of a cosmos that was heliocentric and an Earth that rotated around its own axis, first, in 1514 in a manuscript essay, "
947:
Some seven decades following
Copernicus's death, specialists in mathematics, philosophy, and Catholic theology, whom the Roman Inquisition consulted in response to complaints made against
878:
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133:
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615:
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3400:
3301:
573:
419:
314:
2334:
1242:
Through further research and available evidence, the Roman
Inquisition was seen in a different light. In contrast with feminist arguments, historians like Clarke Garrett,
1250:
pointed out that most witch trials and executions were conducted by local and secular authorities. Clarke Garrett mentioned the quick decline and insignificance of the
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1437:
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in 1615. The Roman Inquisition concluded that his theory could only be supported as a possibility, not as an established fact. Galileo later defended his views in
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625:
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The Inquisitions have long been one of the primary subjects in the scholarly debates regarding witchcraft accusations of the early modern period. Historian
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282:
1215:. The same sentiment regarding the Inquisition's notorious reputation of torture was shared by American writer and attorney Jonathan Kirsch. In his book,
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While the Inquisition refrained from condemning either Copernicus or his book (or Galileo) on the basis of this assessment, several theological claims in
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moves around it, to be "foolish and absurd in philosophy" and that the first was "formally heretical" while the second was "at least erroneous in faith".
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3468:
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199:
106:
763:, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes according to Catholic law and
767:, relating to Catholic religious life or alternative religious or secular beliefs. It was established in 1542 by the leader of the Catholic Church,
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1481:
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Italian historian Andrea Del Col estimates that out of 51,000–75,000 cases judged by Inquisition in Italy after 1542, around 1,250 resulted in a
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187:
1975:, IV, Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici, Roma, 1994, pp. 857–1014, 1062–1070, 1076–1140
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882:
620:
530:
17:
1219:, Kirsch argued that the Inquisition's use of torture not only applied to the witch-craze which peaked in early 17th century, but also to the
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2153:
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Italian states began to suppress the local inquisitions, effectively eliminating the power of the church to prosecute heretical crimes.
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2310:
886:
1696:
Tedeschi, John (1983). "The Roman Inquisition and Witchcraft: An Early Seventeenth-century 'Instruction' on Correct Trial Procedure".
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an Italian apothecary, writer, natural philosopher, and a women's advocate. Of these, only Bruno was executed, in 1600. The miller
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101:
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The organisational system of the Roman Inquisition did differ essentially from that of the Medieval Inquisition. Typically, the
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from the inquisition. Even with a license, Bargrave was prohibited from carrying any books "printed at any heretical city, as
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1606:
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1435:
1310:
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3329:
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578:
337:
138:
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1660:
Honegger, Claudia. 1979. "Comment on Garrett's 'women and Witches'". Signs 4 (4). University of Chicago Press: 792–798
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of the Spanish Inquisition. There were usually ten other cardinals who were members of the Congregation, as well as a
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3605:
3585:
3296:
3113:
3020:
2211:
2024:
1557:
1458:""Praedicate Evangelium" on the Roman Curia and its service to the Church and to the World (19 March 2022) | Francis"
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He was tried by the Inquisition in 1633. Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy", forced to recant, and the
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535:
309:
78:
3832:
3063:
3000:
2944:
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71:
1412:
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3600:
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2423:
1132:
944:. Both works were known in Rome, and neither attracted adverse theological responses in the sixteenth century.
635:
116:
1912:
Inquisizione romana e Controriforma. Studi sul cardinal Giovanni Morone (1509–1580) e il suo processo d'eresia
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who advised on specific questions. The congregation, in turn, presided over the activity of local tribunals.
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2017:
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of his books to the inquisition and was provided with a license to carry them for the rest of his journey.
708:
548:
224:
96:
3837:
3749:
3630:
3266:
3056:
2995:
2809:
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2527:
2520:
1030:
978:
598:
277:
209:
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Currie, Elliott P.. 1968. "Crimes Without Criminals: Witchcraft and Its Control in Renaissance Europe".
3966:
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3739:
3681:
3625:
3334:
2872:
2549:
2495:
2316:
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Garrett, Clarke. 1979. "Reply to Honegger and Moia". Signs 4 (4). University of Chicago Press: 802–804.
870:
520:
462:
342:
995:
3787:
3339:
3037:
2852:
2847:
2683:
2064:
1890:
Costantino Corvisieri, "Compendio dei processi del Santo Uffizio di Roma (da Paolo III a Paolo IV),"
347:
1087:
in Rome had made accusations against him). Nonetheless, Bargrave was told he was required to hold a
3734:
3500:
3177:
3005:
2794:
2688:
2148:
2116:
1919:
Vittore Soranzo vescovo ed eretico. Riforma della Chiesa e Inquisizione nell'Italia del Cinquecento
822:
to preside over meetings of the Congregation. Though often referred to in historical literature as
515:
155:
3552:
3413:
3261:
2961:
2929:
2804:
2069:
1536:
1271:
is seen more frequently in arguments which hold the Inquisition accountable for the witch-craze.
926:" (Brief Commentary on the Hypotheses of Heavenly Movements), and then more robustly in the book
272:
219:
1747:"Under the Devil's Spell: Witches, Sorcerers, and the Inquisition in Renaissance Italy (review)"
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3015:
2990:
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2892:
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2857:
2814:
2784:
2637:
2401:
2378:
2252:
2138:
2099:
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1636:
The Night Battles: Witchcraft & Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth & Seventeenth Centuries
1322:
1167:
819:
787:
669:
432:
244:
3715:
3488:
3344:
3172:
2985:
2951:
2867:
2862:
2747:
2510:
2303:
2263:
2201:
2196:
2133:
2059:
1034:(Index of Forbidden Books). He spent the rest of his life under house arrest at his villa in
658:
491:
352:
143:
3946:
2722:
2673:
2645:
2368:
2298:
2084:
1907:, edited by V. Lavenia, A. Prosperi, J. Tedeschi, 4 vol., Edizioni della Normale, Pisa 2010
1116:
898:
775:
45:
1316:
1054:, gave an account of his interactions with the Roman Inquisition. Arriving in the city of
8:
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2411:
2143:
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1207:
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915:
865:
783:
470:
249:
1288:
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places an emphasis on torture methods employed to force confessions from the convicted.
1155:, who had preached against the pope, was tried by the Inquisition and executed in 1610.
3910:
3777:
3580:
2732:
2559:
2242:
1805:
1766:
1573:
1326:
1220:
1152:
1124:
698:
553:
1822:
Black, Christopher F. 2009. The Italian Inquisition. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1526:
1178:
The Inquisition in Malta (1561 to 1798) is generally considered to have been gentler.
3782:
2601:
2269:
2054:
1966:
The prosecution of heresy: collected studies on the Inquisition in early modern Italy
1602:
1553:
1194:
1148:
1136:
968:
558:
476:
1809:
1770:
1513:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 291.
1396:
3306:
2569:
2564:
2438:
2111:
1989:
1862:
Watt, Jeffrey (2012). "Review of The Italian Inquisition by Christopher F. Black".
1797:
1758:
1705:
1621:
Connor, E. (January 31, 1990). "Burning times: The inquisition's reign of terror".
1552:(translated by John and Anne Tedeschi), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,
1346:
1304:
1128:
1079:
827:
640:
1834:
Binding Passions: Tales of Magic, Marriage and Power at the End of the Renaissance
1482:"Una errata reproducida durante siglos cambia la censura de la Iglesia a Galileo".
1307:, attracted attention of the Inquisition and finally executed by civil authorities
3654:
2595:
2348:
1598:
1441:
1358:
1352:
1336:
1243:
1104:
1000:
835:
760:
3759:
3665:
2727:
2537:
2505:
2470:
2391:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1255:
1198:
1120:
1075:
991:
748:
540:
3048:
1939:
Ricerche su confessione dei peccati e Inquisizione nell'Italia del Cinquecento
1402:, The History Guide – Lectures on Ancient and Medieval European History, 2006.
3925:
3429:
Activities of Public Juridical Persons of the Church in the Healthcare Sector
2700:
2542:
2475:
2322:
1532:
1247:
1236:
1055:
1051:
1004:
937:
860:
214:
2274:
1968:, Medieval & Renaissance texts & studies, Binghamton, New York 1991.
972:
were ordered to be excised in future publications. Unexpurgated versions of
3709:
2764:
2710:
2574:
2386:
2286:
2237:
2094:
2040:
1731:
Purkiss, Diane. "A Holocaust of one's own: The myth of the Burning Times".
1421:
1325:, a Franciscan friar who had embraced Judaism, and was burned alive on the
956:
486:
1709:
36:
3079:
2627:
2433:
2428:
2396:
1232:
874:
779:
53:
3483:
College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata
61:
3245:
2819:
2705:
2622:
2353:
2292:
1801:
1762:
1159:
1071:
1063:
1014:
808:
799:
254:
3426:
Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion
1223:. This model of repressive system, Kirsch argued, was also applied in
3134:
2742:
2617:
2612:
2500:
1684:
The Grand Inquisitor's Manual: A History of Terror in the Name of God
1340:
1217:
The Grand Inquisitor's Manual: A History of Terror in the Name of God
1182:
1140:
1096:
941:
847:
839:
663:
504:
3432:
Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy
1003:
revised the Copernican theories and was admonished for his views on
451:
Verification and Application of Mitis Iudex in the Churches of Italy
3905:
3227:
3083:
2716:
2632:
2485:
2444:
1998:
1994:
1039:
843:
826:, the role was substantially different from the formally appointed
798:
The main function of the institution was to maintain and implement
771:
764:
756:
693:
1550:
The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth Century Miller
1485:
1413:"Hsu, Jeremy. "Sloppy Records Cast Galileo's Trial in New Light",
1151:
in 1599 for his belief that God was created from chaos. The friar
879:
Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition
753:
Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition
1088:
1084:
1035:
1018:
948:
831:
1929:
Inquisitori, esorcisti e streghe nell'Italia della Controriforma
743:
Suprema Congregatio Sanctae Romanae et Universalis Inquisitionis
2737:
2693:
2515:
2450:
2089:
2009:
1224:
1163:
1100:
1092:
1066:
who inspected his books on suspicion some may have been on the
1059:
1291:
from the Inquisition was made available to the public in 2014.
161:
Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
3803:
Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church
3302:
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff
1319:(1616–1671), a French Protestant painter forced to flee Italy
960:
574:
Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church
315:
Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff
1188:
778:, it was one of three different manifestations of the wider
755:'), was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the
1669:
Moia, Nelly. 1979. "Comment on Garrett's 'women and Witches
1499:
Hannam, James. "The Genesis of Science". 2011. pp. 329–344.
815:
768:
1816:
952:
681:
Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1528:
Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals
3793:
Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters
3386:
Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia
1021:, who had both supported Galileo up until that point.
564:
Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters
403:
Revision of the General Regulations of the Roman Curia
1959:
Amori proibiti. I concubini tra Chiesa e Inquisizione
1673:". Signs 4 (4). University of Chicago Press: 798–802.
1166:
region, but considered them a lesser danger than the
838:. The Holy Office also had an international group of
3272:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
904:
283:
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
3163:
Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
3097:
881:was one. In 1908, the congregation was renamed the
3469:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
1399:Fourth Lateran Council (1215): Canon 3 – On Heresy
107:Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
3591:Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon
1377:
1361:(1667–1740), secretary of the Inquisition 1726-40
1313:(1597–1679), secretary of the Inquisition 1633-79
1173:
3923:
3725:
3516:Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews
3183:Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
2790:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)
1786:"The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (review)"
1638:. London; Melbourne: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
1570:"The Archives of the Roman Inquisition in Malta"
923:De hypothesibus motuum coelestium commentariolus
176:Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews
27:System of tribunals enforcing Catholic orthodoxy
3528:Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims
3357:Supervisory and Financial Information Authority
3078:
2343:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
1899:L'Inquisizione in Italia. Dall'XI al XXI secolo
1158:The Inquisition also concerned itself with the
1070:. Bargrave was brought before the city's chief
1026:Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
1010:Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
889:, and in 2022 it was renamed once again to the
368:Supervisory and Financial Information Authority
188:Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims
134:Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments
3850:Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
3768:Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics
1892:Archivio della Società romana di storia patria
1887:, Yale University Press, New Haven–London 2009
1849:Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe
1617:
1615:
883:Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office
611:Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
531:Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics
3064:
2025:
716:
3823:Pontifical Council for Social Communications
3539:Pontifical Work for Ecclesiastical Vocations
3350:Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology
2800:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
1836:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
1508:
1115:Among the subjects of this Inquisition were
1103:, London, or the like". Bargrave provided a
584:Pontifical Council for Social Communications
358:Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology
1612:
1522:
1520:
1502:
921:
793:
740:
3855:Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers
3673:Prelate Secretary of the Vicariate of Rome
3670:Auxiliary Bishops of the Vicariate of Rome
3071:
3057:
2311:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
2032:
2018:
1447:, The Catholic University of America, 2010
1050:17th century English traveler and author,
974:On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
934:On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
887:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
723:
709:
616:Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers
1189:Historiography and witchcraft accusations
996:Robert Bellarmine § The Galileo case
951:in 1616, judged the proposition that the
3662:Vicar General for the Vatican City State
3118:Secretary for Pontifical Representations
1973:La Guida generale degli Archivi di Stato
1914:, 2nd edition, Morcelliana, Brescia 2005
1846:
1831:
1695:
1517:
1495:
1493:
1281:
3937:1542 establishments in the Papal States
3666:Vicar General for the Vicariate of Rome
3494:Pontifical Commission for Latin America
1744:
1386:. Eternal Word Television Network, Inc.
1349:, Protestant burnt to the stake in 1547
891:Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
834:and two assistants all chosen from the
149:Pontifical Commission for Latin America
14:
3924:
3798:Special Administration of the Holy See
3505:Pontifical Work for Priestly Vocations
1783:
936:), in 1543. The book was dedicated to
885:, in 1965 it was renamed again to the
569:Special Administration of the Holy See
3052:
2013:
1877:
1490:
1170:and only handed out light sentences.
940:, who was known for his interests in
3474:International Theological Commission
3458:International Council for Catechesis
3401:International Eucharistic Congresses
1971:Maria Francesca Tiepolo, "Venezia",
1905:Dizionario storico dell'Inquisizione
1861:
511:Congregation of Bishops and Regulars
420:International Eucharistic Congresses
200:Promoting Integral Human Development
112:International Theological Commission
3745:Congregation for Catholic Education
3312:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
3279:Commission for Confidential Matters
2329:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
1986:Works by or about Roman Inquisition
929:De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
320:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
290:Commission for Confidential Matters
24:
3808:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
3447:Councils, commissions, and offices
3330:Labour Office of the Apostolic See
2810:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
1949:L'Inquisizione nell'Italia moderna
1246:, John Tedeschi, Matteo Duni, and
579:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
338:Labour Office of the Apostolic See
25:
3978:
3828:Pontifical Council for the Family
3755:Congregation of the Vatican Press
3297:Prefecture of the Papal Household
3114:Section for Relations with States
1979:
1941:, La Città del Sole, Naples, 1997
1698:Revue de l'Histoire des Religions
905:Notable subjects of investigation
589:Pontifical Council for the Family
536:Congregation of the Vatican Press
310:Prefecture of the Papal Household
79:Section for Relations with States
3904:
3892:
3833:Pontifical Council for the Laity
3750:Sacred Congregation of the Index
2364:White genocide conspiracy theory
2039:
2002:
1045:
692:
676:Advocates of Roman congregations
626:Promoting the New Evangelization
594:Pontifical Council for the Laity
526:Sacred Congregation of the Index
60:
35:
2608:Institute for Historical Review
2528:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)
2258:International Jewish conspiracy
2155:
1855:
1840:
1825:
1777:
1738:
1725:
1716:
1689:
1676:
1663:
1654:
1641:
1628:
1587:
1562:
1542:
1480:Domínguez, Nuño (28 Feb 2014).
1380:"Fourth Lateran Council (1215)"
1074:who suggested they converse in
1062:), Bargrave was stopped by the
1017:and thus alienated him and the
444:Institute for Works of Religion
3942:History of the Catholic Church
3813:Pontifical Council for Culture
3479:Pontifical Biblical Commission
1509:Finnocchiaro, Maurice (1989).
1474:
1450:
1429:
1405:
1390:
1371:
1174:Inquisition in Italy and Malta
117:Pontifical Biblical Commission
18:Holy Office of the Inquisition
13:
1:
3276:Office of the Auditor General
2805:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
2533:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
2511:Beilis trial (Russian Empire)
2481:Pogroms in the Russian Empire
1864:The English Historical Review
1790:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft
1751:Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft
1365:
1343:imprisoned by the Inquisition
957:at the center of the universe
909:
287:Office of the Auditor General
3558:Press Office of the Holy See
3368:Interdicasterial commissions
2785:Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
2491:1968 Polish political crisis
1745:Bailey., Michael D. (2009).
1704:(2). Armand Colin: 163–188.
1289:original assessment document
1013:(1632), which attacked Pope
982:(Index of Forbidden Books).
549:Sacred Congregation of Rites
382:Interdicasterial commissions
225:Press Office of the Holy See
7:
3760:Sacred Congregation of the
3267:Secretariat for the Economy
3110:Section for General Affairs
2555:Night of the Murdered Poets
2001:(public domain audiobooks)
1784:Bailey, Michael D. (2007).
1735:. Routledge, London: 1996.
1298:
1068:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
1031:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
979:Index Librorum Prohibitorum
541:Sacred Congregation of the
278:Secretariat for the Economy
10:
3983:
3740:Congregation of Ceremonies
3394:Commissions and committees
3383:Candidates to Sacred Order
3335:Vatican Apostolic Archives
3208:Integral Human Development
2550:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
2521:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)
2496:Jewish Anti-Zionist League
2461:Antisemitic laws, policies
2317:On the Jews and Their Lies
1995:Works by Roman Inquisition
1961:, Laterza, Rome-Bari, 2008
1951:, Laterza, Rome-Bari, 2002
1894:3 (1880), 261–290; 449-471
1847:Haliczer, Stephen (1986).
989:
985:
913:
853:
842:; experienced scholars of
782:, the other two being the
774:. In the period after the
521:Congregation of Ceremonies
414:Commissions and committees
400:Candidates to Sacred Order
343:Vatican Apostolic Archives
3887:
3860:Evangelization of Peoples
3788:Office of Papal Charities
3680:
3653:
3568:
3446:
3439:
3393:
3367:
3340:Vatican Apostolic Library
3322:
3289:
3282:Committee for Investments
3254:
3226:
3133:
3106:
3090:
2828:
2773:
2654:
2588:
2459:
2377:
2230:
2177:
2047:
1931:, Sansoni, Florence, 1990
1921:, Laterza, Rome–Bari 2006
1595:L'Inquisizione in Italia.
1235:, and most recently, the
1229:Japanese internment camps
1110:
621:Evangelization of Peoples
348:Vatican Apostolic Library
293:Committee for Investments
171:Promoting Christian Unity
3735:Congregation for Borders
3377:Church in Eastern Europe
2795:Community Security Trust
2669:Black Death persecutions
1832:Ruggiero, Guido (1993).
1682:Kirsch, Jonathan. 2008.
1649:Law & Society Review
1274:
794:Function and functioning
516:Congregation for Borders
391:Church in Eastern Europe
3899:Vatican City portal
3523:Interreligious Dialogue
3262:Council for the Economy
3198:Interreligious Dialogue
3001:Palestinian Territories
2506:Dreyfus Affair (France)
1901:, Mondadori, Milan 2006
1885:The Italian Inquisition
1548:Ginzburg, Carlo (1980)
1537:James Craigie Robertson
1445:Dissertation C. Beaudet
1378:Catholic Encyclopedia.
1058:(having travelled from
273:Council for the Economy
267:Institutions of finance
239:Institutions of justice
183:Interreligious Dialogue
3911:Catholicism portal
3710:Reform by John Paul II
3236:Apostolic Penitentiary
3188:Laity, Family and Life
2815:Stephen Roth Institute
2463:and government actions
2402:Portuguese Inquisition
2379:Religious antisemitism
2253:Double genocide theory
2139:Secondary antisemitism
2075:Religious antisemitism
1686:. New York: HarperOne.
1634:Ginzburg, Carlo. 1983.
1323:Cornelio Da Montalcino
1168:Protestant Reformation
922:
788:Portuguese Inquisition
741:
699:Catholicism portal
670:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
487:Reform by John Paul II
245:Apostolic Penitentiary
166:Laity, Family and Life
3957:Witch trials in Italy
3773:Congregation of Rites
3621:Immaculate Conception
3535:Culture and Education
3464:Doctrine of the Faith
3380:Consecrated Religious
3345:Fabric of Saint Peter
3203:Culture and Education
3148:Doctrine of the Faith
2775:Organizations working
2335:Contemporary imprints
2264:The International Jew
2134:Rootless cosmopolitan
1851:. London: Croom Helm.
1710:10.3406/rhr.1983.4520
1601:, 2010, pp. 779–780.
1484:EsMateria.com.; also
1417:, September 30, 2010"
659:Pontifical commission
396:Consecrated Religious
353:Fabric of Saint Peter
195:Culture and Education
102:Doctrine of the Faith
3616:Saint Thomas Aquinas
3569:Pontifical academies
3553:L'Osservatore Romano
3099:Secretariat of State
2777:against antisemitism
2723:Martyrdom in Judaism
2589:Antisemitic websites
2501:Leo Frank trial (US)
2397:Catholic Inquisition
2369:Zionist antisemitism
2085:Antisemitism studies
1733:The Witch in History
1425:. 30 September 2010.
1117:Franciscus Patricius
780:Catholic Inquisition
776:Medieval Inquisition
362:Pontifical academies
220:L'Osservatore Romano
72:Secretariat of State
3962:Witchcraft in Italy
3952:Italian Renaissance
3697:Immensa Aeterni Dei
3440:Other organizations
3406:Historical Sciences
3374:Particular Churches
3241:Apostolic Signatura
2753:Spanish Inquisition
2664:Rhineland massacres
2419:Rhineland massacres
2412:Spanish Inquisition
2144:Stereotypes of Jews
2129:Racial antisemitism
2080:Persecution of Jews
1883:Christopher Black,
1332:Counter-Reformation
1311:Francesco Barberini
1269:Malleus Maleficarum
1252:Malleus Maleficarum
1208:Malleus Maleficarum
1145:burned at the stake
976:were placed on the
916:Nicolaus Copernicus
866:Immensa Aeterni Dei
784:Spanish Inquisition
471:Immensa Aeterni Dei
425:Historical Sciences
387:Particular Churches
250:Apostolic Signatura
3870:Catholic Education
3865:New Evangelization
3818:New Evangelization
3778:Apostolic Chancery
3423:Financial Security
3153:Service of Charity
2972:Conservative Party
2733:Pale of Settlement
2243:Christian Identity
2217:Soviet mathematics
2122:Working definition
1878:Short bibliography
1802:10.1353/mrw.0.0133
1763:10.1353/mrw.0.0133
1511:The Galileo Affair
1440:2015-01-22 at the
1221:Salem witch trials
1153:Fulgenzio Manfredi
1141:Domenico Scandella
1125:Tommaso Campanella
1028:was placed on the
863:established, with
631:Catholic Education
554:Apostolic Chancery
440:Financial Security
124:Service of Charity
3967:Canon law history
3932:Roman Inquisition
3919:
3918:
3883:
3882:
3845:Justice and Peace
3783:Apostolic Dataria
3716:Reform by Francis
3704:Reform by Paul VI
3690:Roman Inquisition
3655:Papal See of Rome
3649:
3648:
3213:Legislative Texts
3158:Oriental Churches
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3046:
3045:
2689:Ghettos in Europe
2602:The Daily Stormer
2407:Roman Inquisition
2270:Jewish Bolshevism
1607:978-88-04-53433-4
1317:Sébastien Bourdon
1227:, Soviet Russia,
1203:The Night Battles
1195:Henry Charles Lea
1149:Pope Clement VIII
1147:on the orders of
1137:Camilla Erculiani
1038:near the city of
969:De revolutionibus
824:Grand Inquisitors
737:Roman Inquisition
733:
732:
606:Justice and Peace
559:Apostolic Dataria
497:Roman Inquisition
492:Reform by Francis
482:Reform by Paul VI
448:Healthcare Sector
205:Legislative Texts
16:(Redirected from
3974:
3909:
3908:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3723:
3722:
3444:
3443:
3307:Apostolic Camera
3168:Causes of Saints
3104:
3103:
3095:
3094:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3050:
3049:
2570:Holocaust denial
2439:Host desecration
2248:Cultural Marxism
2178:Antisemitism and
2157:
2112:New antisemitism
2034:
2027:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2005:
1990:Internet Archive
1897:Andrea Del Col,
1872:
1871:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1742:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1674:
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1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1632:
1626:
1619:
1610:
1593:Andrea Del Col:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1572:. Archived from
1566:
1560:
1546:
1540:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1488:
1478:
1472:
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1448:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1409:
1403:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1375:
1347:Diego de Enzinas
1305:Pomponio Algerio
1292:
1285:
1133:Cesare Cremonini
1129:Gerolamo Cardano
955:is immobile and
925:
828:Grand Inquisitor
746:
725:
718:
711:
697:
696:
641:Apostolic Camera
477:Reform by Pius X
139:Causes of Saints
129:Eastern Churches
64:
39:
32:
31:
21:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3879:
3727:
3721:
3676:
3645:
3636:Social Sciences
3564:
3511:Christian Unity
3435:
3389:
3363:
3360:Domus Vaticanae
3318:
3285:
3250:
3222:
3193:Christian Unity
3121:
3086:
3077:
3047:
3042:
2824:
2778:
2776:
2769:
2650:
2639:The Right Stuff
2596:Bible Believers
2584:
2464:
2462:
2455:
2373:
2349:Self-hating Jew
2226:
2207:Nation of Islam
2173:
2043:
2038:
2003:
1982:
1964:John Tedeschi,
1917:Massimo Firpo,
1910:Massimo Firpo,
1880:
1875:
1860:
1856:
1845:
1841:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1782:
1778:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1721:
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1694:
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1681:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1613:
1599:Oscar Mondadori
1592:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1539:(reprint; 2009)
1525:
1518:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1486:arXiv:1402.6168
1479:
1475:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1442:Wayback Machine
1434:
1430:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1395:
1391:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1359:Pietro Ottoboni
1353:Madonna Oriente
1337:Tommaso Crudeli
1327:Campo dei Fiori
1301:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1244:Brian P. Levack
1191:
1176:
1113:
1048:
1001:Galileo Galilei
998:
990:Main articles:
988:
918:
912:
907:
856:
836:Dominican Order
796:
761:Catholic Church
729:
691:
686:
685:
654:
646:
645:
502:
465:
455:
454:
415:
407:
406:
383:
375:
374:
371:Domus Vaticanae
333:
325:
324:
305:
297:
296:
268:
260:
259:
240:
232:
231:
92:
84:
83:
74:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3980:
3970:
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3959:
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3692:(16th century)
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3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:Ecclesiastical
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:Communications
3542:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:Evangelization
3450:
3448:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3411:
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3397:
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3304:
3299:
3293:
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3277:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
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3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3218:Communications
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:Evangelization
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3107:
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3044:
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3034:
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3028:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2982:
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2980:
2979:
2974:
2967:United Kingdom
2964:
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2768:
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2762:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2728:Nuremberg Laws
2725:
2720:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2684:Jewish quarter
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2580:ZOG conspiracy
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2538:Final Solution
2530:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2471:Ghetto benches
2467:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2392:Jewish deicide
2389:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
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2346:
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2308:
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2284:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2231:Related topics
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2125:
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2119:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
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2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1992:
1981:
1980:External links
1978:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:Giovanni Romeo
1952:
1945:Giovanni Romeo
1942:
1935:Giovanni Romeo
1932:
1925:Giovanni Romeo
1922:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1854:
1839:
1824:
1815:
1796:(1): 101–103.
1776:
1757:(1): 104–107.
1737:
1724:
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1640:
1627:
1611:
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1561:
1541:
1516:
1501:
1489:
1473:
1462:www.vatican.va
1449:
1428:
1404:
1397:Steven Kreis,
1389:
1369:
1367:
1364:
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1279:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1256:Guido Ruggiero
1199:Carlo Ginzburg
1190:
1187:
1183:death sentence
1175:
1172:
1121:Giordano Bruno
1112:
1109:
1047:
1044:
992:Galileo affair
987:
984:
914:Main article:
911:
908:
906:
903:
855:
852:
818:appointed one
795:
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731:
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3021:United States
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2701:The Holocaust
2699:
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2565:Doctors' plot
2563:
2561:
2560:Slánský trial
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2543:The Holocaust
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:Farhud (Iraq)
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
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2489:
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2479:
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2476:Hep-Hep riots
2474:
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2449:
2447:
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2440:
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2427:
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2424:Martin Luther
2422:
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2359:Weaponization
2357:
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2347:
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2340:
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2333:
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2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:Philosemitism
2321:
2319:
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2314:
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2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2295:
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2282:Khazar theory
2280:
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2212:Olympic Games
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2190:New Testament
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1657:
1651:3 (1). : 7–32
1650:
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1637:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1576:on 2008-07-20
1575:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1558:0-8018-4387-1
1555:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1534:
1533:John Bargrave
1530:
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1261:
1260:Black Sabbath
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:Diane Purkiss
1245:
1240:
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1237:War on Terror
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1052:John Bargrave
1046:John Bargrave
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
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1005:heliocentrism
1002:
997:
993:
983:
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980:
975:
971:
970:
964:
962:
959:and that the
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
938:Pope Paul III
935:
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902:
900:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
877:of which the
876:
872:
871:congregations
868:
867:
862:
861:Pope Sixtus V
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
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829:
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812:
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806:
801:
791:
789:
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751:for 'the
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210:Communication
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47:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
3838:
3761:
3695:
3689:
3419:Disciplinary
3414:Swiss Guards
3031:21st century
3011:South Africa
2977:Labour Party
2898:21st century
2841:Saudi Arabia
2765:Yellow badge
2715:
2711:Jewish quota
2638:
2600:
2575:Yellow badge
2443:
2406:
2387:Anti-Judaism
2341:
2327:
2315:
2291:
2287:Ku Klux Klan
2262:
2238:Anti-Zionism
2222:Universities
2185:Christianity
2095:Adolf Hitler
2041:Antisemitism
1972:
1965:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1867:
1863:
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1754:
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1727:
1718:
1701:
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1691:
1683:
1678:
1665:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1594:
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:the original
1564:
1549:
1544:
1535:, edited by
1527:
1510:
1504:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1444:
1431:
1422:Live Science
1420:
1415:Live Science
1414:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1373:
1355:case in 1390
1283:
1268:
1265:
1251:
1241:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1180:
1177:
1157:
1114:
1078:rather than
1067:
1049:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1008:
999:
977:
973:
967:
965:
946:
933:
927:
919:
895:
864:
857:
823:
813:
805:Ad abolendam
804:
797:
752:
742:
736:
734:
668:
599:
542:
501:
496:
469:
437:Disciplinary
433:Swiss Guards
29:
3947:Inquisition
3728:dicasteries
3606:Archaeology
3135:Dicasteries
3091:Secretariat
3080:Roman Curia
2996:New Zealand
2748:Segregation
2656:Persecution
2628:Radio Islam
2434:Blood libel
2429:Blood curse
2202:Middle Ages
2048:Core topics
1233:McCarthyism
899:unification
875:Roman Curia
840:consultants
803:papal bull
800:papal bulls
739:, formally
505:dicasteries
91:Dicasteries
54:Roman Curia
3926:Categories
3581:Alphonsian
3323:Institutes
3246:Roman Rota
2873:Costa Rica
2836:Arab world
2820:Yad Vashem
2743:Refuseniks
2706:Jewish hat
2679:Expulsions
2646:Stormfront
2354:Xenophobia
2304:in English
2293:Mein Kampf
2275:Żydokomuna
2105:Propaganda
1580:2008-08-27
1467:2023-02-14
1366:References
1160:Benandanti
1072:inquisitor
1064:city guard
1015:Urban VIII
910:Copernicus
809:Lucius III
332:Institutes
255:Roman Rota
3410:Advocates
3255:Economics
3228:Tribunals
3038:Venezuela
2853:Australia
2848:Argentina
2829:By region
2758:Expulsion
2618:Metapedia
2613:Jew Watch
2299:in Arabic
2065:Geography
2060:Economics
1623:WomenWise
1341:freemason
1143:was also
1105:catalogue
1097:Amsterdam
942:astronomy
848:canon law
664:Dicastery
429:Advocates
3839:Cor Unum
3762:Consulta
3601:Theology
3596:Sciences
3084:Holy See
3006:Pakistan
2940:Imperial
2717:Judensau
2674:Boycotts
2633:Redwatch
2623:Podblanc
2486:May Laws
2445:Judensau
2149:Timeline
2117:Three Ds
2100:Americas
1999:LibriVox
1810:54861464
1771:54861464
1438:Archived
1384:ewtn.com
1299:See also
1040:Florence
844:theology
820:cardinal
772:Paul III
765:doctrine
757:Holy See
600:Cor Unum
543:Consulta
46:a series
44:Part of
3875:Culture
3682:History
3611:Martyrs
3576:Arcadia
3489:Bishops
3290:Offices
3173:Bishops
3082:of the
3026:History
2962:Ukraine
2930:Romania
2915:Hungary
2905:Germany
2888:Belgium
2883:Austria
2738:Pogroms
2070:History
2055:Canards
1988:at the
1625:, 12, 5
1597:Milan:
1213:Malleus
1162:in the
1089:license
1085:Jesuits
1080:Italian
1036:Arcetri
1019:Jesuits
986:Galileo
949:Galileo
873:of the
854:History
832:prelate
759:of the
636:Culture
503:Former
463:History
304:Offices
144:Bishops
3726:Former
3718:(2022)
3712:(1988)
3706:(1967)
3700:(1588)
3501:Clergy
3354:AVEPRO
3178:Clergy
3016:Turkey
2991:Mexico
2957:Sweden
2945:Soviet
2935:Russia
2925:Norway
2910:Greece
2893:France
2878:Europe
2858:Canada
2694:Mellah
2641:(blog)
2451:Pogrom
2090:Nazism
1870:: 164.
1808:
1769:
1605:
1556:
1225:Nazism
1164:Friuli
1111:Others
1101:Leyden
1093:Geneva
1060:Modena
1056:Reggio
365:AVEPRO
156:Clergy
48:on the
3641:Latin
2986:Japan
2952:Spain
2920:Italy
2868:Chile
2863:China
2197:Islam
2154:19th
1806:S2CID
1767:S2CID
1275:Notes
1201:, in
1076:Latin
961:Earth
869:, 15
807:, by
749:Latin
3631:Life
3626:Mary
2167:21st
2162:20th
1603:ISBN
1554:ISBN
1287:The
1135:and
994:and
897:pre-
846:and
816:pope
786:and
769:Pope
735:The
1997:at
1868:524
1798:doi
1759:doi
1706:doi
1702:200
1531:by
953:sun
3928::
2156:C.
1957:,
1947:,
1937:,
1927:,
1866:.
1804:.
1792:.
1788:.
1765:.
1753:.
1749:.
1700:.
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1519:^
1492:^
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1419:.
1382:.
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1127:,
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1042:.
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3058:v
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2026:t
2019:v
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1794:2
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