48:
24:
338:
148:, as was the case for many synagogues in the West. Likewise, many Jewish activists and community leaders became prominent in municipal and state politics, winning election to public office with little attention paid to their Jewish identity. They set up Reform congregations and generally gave little support to Zionism down to the 1940s.
223:
Jacob
Goldsmith and Lewis May were the earliest Jews settling in Portland, Oregon; in 1849 the two German-born immigrants established a general store in the city. Despite having an early arrive in the state of Oregon, it took almost a decade to establish a synagogue in the state. The first synagogue
170:
at Lewis
Abraham Franklin's tent store on Jackson Street at Kearny Street, with 30 Jews from Poland, Prussia, Bavaria and the Eastern United States, and was initially Orthodox. There have been ethnic and class differences within the Jewish community in San Francisco, which has spawned dispute on the
67:
In the nineteenth-century, Jews began settling throughout the
American West. The majority were immigrants, with German Jews comprising most of the early nineteenth-century wave of Jewish immigration to the United States and therefore to the Western states and territories, while Eastern European Jews
87:
Eisenberg, Kahn, and Toll (2009) emphasize the creative freedom Jews found in western society, unburdening them from past traditions and opening up new opportunities for entrepreneurship, philanthropy, and civic leadership. Regardless of origin, many early Jewish settlers worked as peddlers before
185:
rabbi, Elkan Cohn, arrived to lead the Emanu-El congregation, and in 1877, it was the first congregation in the West to join the Reform movement. From 1866 to 1926, Congregation Emanu-El's synagogue was on Sutter Street, it was grand in scale and had twin octagonal towers topped by bronze-plated
266:, after he died in the middle of his 12th term. In addition to being a congresswoman, she taught English and history to high school students. She was involved in many Jewish organizations, and motivated women across California to participate in politics.
115:
became the governor of the Acoma Pueblo
Indians. Though these are by no means the only two Jewish immigrants to make names for themselves in the West, they help to showcase the wide variety of paths that Jewish settlers pursued. Organizations like the
150:
In the 20th century, Metropolitan Los
Angeles became the second-largest Jewish base in the United States. The most dramatic cast of newcomers there was in Hollywood, where Jewish producers were the dominant force in the film industry after
128:
served as a conduit for connecting Jewish newcomers arriving from Europe with settlements in the Upper
Midwest, Southwest, and Far West. In other cases, family connections served as the primary network drawing more Jews to the West.
104:, an immediate hit for miners, and later, informal urban wear. Everyone was a newcomer, and the Jews were generally accepted with few signs of discrimination, according to Eisenberg, Kahn, and Toll (2009).
96:, which sprung up throughout the resource-rich West. The most popular specialty was clothing merchant, followed by the small-scale manufacturing and general retailing. For example,
88:
establishing themselves as merchants. Numerous entrepreneurs opened shop in large cities like San
Francisco to service the mining industry, as well as in smaller communities like
132:
Jeanette Abrams argues persuasively that Jewish women played a prominent role in the establishment of Jewish communities throughout the West. For example, the first synagogue in
47:
359:
708:
172:
178:
Congregation Emanu-El was mostly
Bavarian German immigrants, and Congregation Sherith Israel was mostly immigrants from Eastern Europe, Poland, and England.
60:
666:
519:
670:
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Though many Jewish immigrants to the West found success as merchants, others worked as bankers, miners, freighters, ranchers, and farmers.
225:
259:
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Lewis
Abraham Franklin moved from San Francisco to San Diego in 1851, and that fall he organized the first High Holiday services in
17:
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920:
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51:
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migrated in greater numbers and comprised most of the migratory westward wave at the close of the century. Following the
215:. During the first services in Southern California, Franklin was joined by Mark Israel Jacobs and Charles A. Fletcher.
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125:
619:
495:
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385:
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100:(1829 – 1902) started as a wholesale dealer in with clothing, bedding, and notions; by 1873 he introduced the first
763:"S.F. Jews' 150 New Years / Oldest synagogues in city stem from celebration of High Holy Days during Gold Rush"
363:
443:
112:
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of San
Francisco were joined as a single synagogue; but soon after they split into two congregations.
481:
479:
407:
263:
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in Portland. In 1869, a second synagogue was built for Congregation Ahavai Sholom also of Portland.
552:
Roads taken : the great Jewish migrations to the new world and the peddlers who forged the way
476:
431:
348:
141:
247:, a Jewish tradesman from Prussia, ran as the "Anti-Octopus" candidate and served one term as the
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of 1849, Jews established themselves prominently on the West Coast, with important settlements in
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411:
248:
89:
875:
841:
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8:
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23:
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324:, serving as the 4th Governor of Utah (1917–1921) after it achieved statehood in 1896.
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populations at about 1 million, and the state's main Jewish communities are found in
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By 1855, Congregation Emanu-El shifted from Orthodox to Liberal Judaism. In 1860, a
321:
320:
was the third Jewish governor of a US State and the first non-Mormon to be elected
73:
426:
immigrants are settling in urban Jewish communities, such as the state capital of
464:
Jews on the Frontier: An Account of Jewish Pioneers and Settlers in Early America
399:
317:
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was the second person elected Jewish governor of a US state, serving as the 11th
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Jewish women pioneering the frontier trail a history in the American West
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278:, an immigrant Jew from Bavaria, became the mayor of Portland, Oregon.
108:
42:
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There were over 30 Jewish mayors in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
337:
685:
Jews of the Pacific Coast: Reinventing Community on America's Edge
133:
77:
767:
167:
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In 1849, the first Jewish service of San Francisco began as a
61:
History of the Jews in the United States § Western settlements
898:
101:
84:, which became the second-largest Jewish city in the nation.
262:
from December 1925 to January 1937, succeeding her husband,
406:(especially western parts of the city such as Westwood and
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32:
794:"Our City, Our Story: The Franklin Brothers of San Diego"
642:
254:
The first Jewish congresswoman in the United States was
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earliest of history. In 1851, Congregation Emanu-El and
709:
An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood
485:
876:"Jews in Oregon, Jewish Pioneers: Becoming Oregonians"
43:
Early history of Jewish congregations and community
490:. Rochlin, Fred, 1923-. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
111:helped to build railroads across Colorado, while
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683:Ellen Eisenberg, Ava F. Kahn, and William Toll,
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549:
598:Jeans: a cultural history of an American icon
665:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
518:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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366:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
54:on Sutter Street (1866–1926), San Francisco
732:"Emanu-El's pedigree: a towering presence"
669:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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522:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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822:Jewish Museum of the American West (JMAW)
398:Today, California has one of the largest
386:Learn how and when to remove this message
818:"Congregation Emanu-El of San Francisco"
488:Pioneer Jews: a new life in the Far West
301:, for two terms in the 1860s and 1870s.
200:
46:
35:, like many other people, moving to the
22:
18:History of the Jews in the United States
16:For broader coverage of this topic, see
798:San Diego History Center, San Diego, CA
687:(University of Washington Press, 2009)
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538:The Jews in the California Gold Rush
364:adding citations to reliable sources
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162:History of the Jews in San Francisco
899:Moses Rischin and John Livingston.
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430:and a smaller Jewish community in
196:History of the Jews in Los Angeles
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643:Abrams, Jeanne E., 1951- (2006).
926:Jewish-American history by place
550:Diner, Hasia R. (January 2015).
486:Rochlin, Harriet, 1924- (1984).
466:Henry Regnery Company, Chicago,
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146:Hebrew Ladies Benevolent Society
59:This section is an excerpt from
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540:(Ktav Publishing House, 1978).
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647:. New York University Press.
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444:History of the Jews in Oregon
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921:History of the American West
846:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
207:History of Jews in San Diego
118:Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society
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614:. Wayne State Univ. Press.
462:Sharfman, I. Harold (1977)
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173:Congregation Sherith Israel
126:Jewish Agricultural Society
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761:Lattin, Don (1999-09-10).
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901:Jews of the American West
612:Jews of the American west
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260:California's 4th district
156:San Francisco, California
610:Rischin, Moses. (1992).
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226:Congregation Beth Israel
27:Map of the American West
842:"Oregon Jewish History"
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309:from 1915 until 1919.
190:Los Angeles, California
122:Baron Maurice de Hirsch
412:San Francisco Bay Area
249:Mayor of San Francisco
90:Deadwood, South Dakota
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201:San Diego, California
52:Congregation Emanu-El
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31:The 19th century saw
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536:Robert E. Levinson,
360:improve this section
70:California Gold Rush
880:Oregon Encyclopedia
213:Southern California
78:Seattle, Washington
874:Eisenberg, Ellen.
258:, who represented
251:in 1895 to 1897.
232:Jewish politicians
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561:978-0-300-21019-4
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307:Governor of Idaho
276:Bernard Goldsmith
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299:Idaho Territory
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738:. 1999-10-08
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432:Palm Springs
414:(especially
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358:Please help
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316:
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245:Adolph Sutro
243:
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113:Solomon Bibo
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98:Levi Strauss
86:
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704:Neal Gabler
404:Los Angeles
264:Julius Kahn
915:Categories
885:2023-02-03
851:2023-02-03
827:2023-02-03
803:2023-02-03
774:2023-02-03
742:2023-02-03
450:References
428:Sacramento
422:). Recent
410:) and the
328:Modern day
289:served as
240:California
109:Otto Mears
102:blue jeans
736:J. weekly
661:cite book
653:938034385
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347:does not
274:In 1869,
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420:Berkeley
506:9685666
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353:sources
186:domes.
134:Arizona
768:SFGATE
712:(1989)
691:
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568:
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270:Oregon
183:Reform
168:minyan
138:Tucson
295:Boise
291:mayor
282:Idaho
151:1920.
689:ISBN
671:link
667:link
649:OCLC
626:OCLC
616:ISBN
584:link
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556:ISBN
524:link
520:link
502:OCLC
492:ISBN
468:ISBN
418:and
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