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organized attempt to subvert
British influence and the ruling Al-Maktoum family. The uprising of 1938 in Dubai was the culmination of a decade of grievances and minor rebellions against the autocratic rule of Shaykh Sa'id bin Maktum (ruled 1912–58). In the 1930s the Trucial Coast was characterized by great poverty resulting primarily from a decline in the pearl trade. Much of the initiative for reform sprang from an attempt to ameliorate economic conditions—the leaders of the movement having previously been successful pearl merchants. The new government established in October 1938 lasted only a few months before Shaykh Sa'id with Bedouin support was able to overthrow it in March 1939. The reform movement ultimately collapsed due to opposition from the British government and the weakness of the political structures then in place.
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success, which enabled vessels of any size to dock at the port. This caused the gold re-export market to take off, and ensuring Rashid was able to begin the building of vital infrastructure in partnership with the
British. Since the beginning, Dubai was constantly at odds with Abu Dhabi. In 1947, a border dispute between Dubai and Abu Dhabi on their northern border erupted into war between the two states and forced the involvement of the British government and the subsequent creation of a buffer zone which resulted in a temporary ceasefire. However, border disputes between the emirates continued even after the formation of the
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455:, the uniform currency of the UAE. Dubai and Abu Dhabi between them now hold the majority of control in the UAE, which was part of their conditions for joining. To enable this, Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only emirates who have veto power over matters of national importance, whereas the other emirates only have a vote on such matters. In addition to this, Dubai is represented by eight members on the
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Dubai has also been in the news for its attitudes towards adultery, which are seen as harsh in the
Western world, with some cases forcing the intervention of other governments on behalf of their citizens. To keep attract foreign investors, the United Arab Emirates plans to decriminalize "actions that
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Dubai has the main entrepôt in the
Persian Gulf and the busiest trading port since 1900, with commerce being the main source of revenue for the emirate. The merchant class in Dubai played a key role in restructuring the economy and government decision-making in the pre-oil era of Dubai's development.
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was required to define the boundaries. After Julian Walker, a
British official (later the British political agent) had surveyed the area, Mr. Tripp, the British political agent, made declarations between 1956 and 1957 defining the boundaries. Although the rulers of both Dubai and Sharjah had agreed
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Dubai suffered economically after 1920 due to the collapse of the pearl industry, the Great
Depression of the 1930s, and the loss of extensive trade networks during World War II. Until the surge of oil revenues in the late 1960s, political instability and merchant unrest existed and constituted an
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of 1929. The emergence of artificial pearls had begun to hit the economy of Dubai, and coupled with the effects of the depression caused the Sheikh to explore other opportunities for expansion. In 1929, he was briefly deposed and succeeded by Sheikh Mani bin Rashid, a relative; however, three days
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in 1963, as the creek was too small for modern ships to dock there, which caused severe negative economic effects. He borrowed huge amounts of money to pull off the dredging, which was highly risky as the money necessary to complete it was far higher than Dubai's annual income. The dredging was a
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A dispute between Dubai and Abu Dhabi regarding their border escalated into armed conflict between the two states, with Dubai attacking a number of Abu Dhabi towns in the country's interior. Arbitration by the
British government in 1949 resulted in the creation of a buffer frontier running south
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Before oil was discovered in the 1950s the UAE's economy was dependent on fishing and a declining pearl industry. But since oil exports began in 1962, the country's society and economy have been transformed. The UAE has diversified and has become a regional trading and tourism hub, with UAE firms
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During the 21st century, Dubai may have to implement policies that move away from globalization and toward localization to conserve their energy resources, provide local jobs to citizens of the United Arab
Emirates instead of foreign citizens, and maintain their local decision-making authority.
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The last remaining oil deposits in the United
Emirates will run out at the end of 2029.. As of February 2006, Dubai (along with the rest of the United Arab Emirates) only has a reserve supply of 44 billion barrels of crude petroleum. If used properly and in conjunction with alternate fuels, the
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of the late 2000s hit the economy of Dubai extremely hard; this was largely due to its dependence on sectors such as energy, tourism and especially real-estate, with reports of new construction slowing and in some cases stopping altogether. In an effort to combat the recession, Dubai announced
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dynasty (also descendants of the House of Al-Falasi) of the Bani Yas tribe left the settlement of Abu Dhabi and took over Dubai from the Abu Falasa clan without resistance, led by
Maktoum bin Butti, the founder of the present day al-Maktoum dynasty. In 1841 the town was hit by a devastating
313:. In 1894 a fire swept through Deira, burning down most of the homes; however, perfect geographical positioning and thriving business enabled the rebuilding of the city. The success of the area led Sheikh Maktoum to sign an exclusive business deal with the British in 1892, making Dubai a
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In 1853, in an attempt to further halt the endemic piracy in the region, the British signed another truce, agreeing to stay out of administration of the region in return for the sheikhs agreeing to suppress piracy. This also had the side effect of the area becoming known as the
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of 1990, in which Dubai as part of the UAE provided military aid to the coalition, unsettled the economy; however, in the mid-1990s this stabilised and many foreign trading communities moved their businesses to Dubai. Dubai continued to foster political alignment with the
97:, with other cultures and beliefs generally tolerated. Politically it remains authoritarian, however, relations with neighbouring Iran have been tense because of an ongoing territorial dispute over Gulf islands. The UAE was one of only three countries to recognise
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Today merchants play a fundamental role in economic affairs and the political structure. In addition, again they have taken on roles as service suppliers, urban planners, culture mediators, and internationalists representing the region throughout the world.
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and it was only in 1979 that a formal compromise was reached that ended hostilities between the two states, by allowing Abu Dhabi the control of the rest of the UAE, while leaving Dubai to rule many of its own affairs, especially when related to trade.
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compromise under the auspices of the Supreme Council of the Federation. Eventually, the Supreme Council ruled that the decisions were administrative, binding decisions as opposed to arbitral awards, the Tripp boundaries were defined as the border.
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who became Ruler in 1912, was the first Ruler to rule for a substantial period of time and is regarded by many as one of the fathers of Dubai. The times of prosperity thanks to the pearl industry continued solidly through until the
435:, it enabled Dubai to rapidly expand and grow. Once the first shipment of oil was made in 1969, the future of Dubai as an autonomous state was secured, and its ability to dictate policy in later years to the UAE was cemented.
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The current ruler of Dubai is Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Like his predecessor, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, he is also the Vice President and the Prime Minister of the UAE. Having attended school in the
451:. Dubai and Abu-Dhabi ensured in the negotiations that between them they could control the country effectively, enabling even greater expansion as seen today. In 1973, Dubai joined the other emirates, in introducing the
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swamp were uncovered which were dated to approximately 7000 BCE. It is thought that by about 3000 BCE, the coastline had moved seaward sufficiently towards the present-day coastline and the area became covered in sand.
627:
in 1954 to accept the rulings made, Dubai's ruler declined to accept the decision. Even after the formation of the UAE, neither state had agreed on the boundaries and hence, on 30 November 1976 they signed an
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Global increases in oil prices allowed Dubai to focus on rapid development of key infrastructure. The success of the Jebel Ali free zone caused the development of clusters of new free zones, including
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tribe established Dubai, which remained a dependent of Abu Dhabi until 1833. On 8 January 1820, the Sheikh of Dubai and other sheikhs in the region signed the "General Maritime Peace Treaty" with the
578:. Commercial activity in the Dubai region would simply grow instead of wither because Dubai was a major trading center centuries before oil was known to even exist. The emirate's trade access with
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For the next about 2000–2700 years there are no more details, probably because of the desertification, insignificance, and remoteness of the area, until the area came part of the "Maka"
93:, documented the pearling industry of Dubai and other cities currently presiding in UAE territory. Though traditionally conservative, the UAE is one of the most liberal countries in the
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was introduced in 1979, providing companies with unrestricted import of labour and export of capital, which helped to jumpstart the influx of global companies seen today.
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231:, in which he describes many places of the world compiled from other accounts of them. It was not until 1799 that the town had its first record. However, the Venetian
522:, which will have many facilities, including waterfronts and harbours. In the past decades, Dubai has become known for its successful building projects, including the
392:
became Ruler. Rashid al Maktoum is widely regarded as the driving force behind the expansion of Dubai, causing its massive expansion, with the aid of the discovery of
729:. He is widely known for being involved with horse-racing and his charitable donations, along with his credit for advancing Dubai's infrastructure and economy.
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The major turning point in the history and fortunes of Dubai was the discovery of oil in 1966. Coupled with the joining of the newly independent country of
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in the early part of 1971, having announced their intentions in 1968, causing Dubai and Abu-Dhabi, in conjunction with five other emirates to form the
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civilisation, who it is thought controlled the copper trade of this part of the ancient world, and of which there are archaeological sites in Bahrain.
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began to be grown locally in 2500 BCE, and was the first instance of the land being used for agricultural purposes. The herders worshipped the god
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don't harm others," potentially ending punishments for alcohol consumption or cohabitation by unwed couples in the expatriate-dominated country.
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475:
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Vora, Neha. "From golden frontier to global city: Shifting forms of belonging, 'freedom,' and governance among Indian businessmen in Dubai."
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530:, a construction of three artificial islands in the shape of the date palm, on which residential and commercial property will be built and
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235:, a renowned pearl merchant, mentioned "Dibai" in a list of places he noted for the exceptional quality of their pearls in the year 1590.
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are the only two states who retain their own judicial courts, whilst the others are part of the federal justice system of the UAE. The
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Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. "A tale of two cities: Hong Kong and Dubai celebration of disappearance and the pretension of becoming."
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defined between the Trucial States; however, with the discovery of oil needing boundaries to be decided for concession reasons,
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eastwards from the coast at Ras Hasian. A formal compromise was not reached until 1979, eight years after the creation of the
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introduced Islam to the area in the 7th century and sparked the vitalization of the area, opening up trade routes supported by
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542:, which is the world's tallest man-made structure. In 2006, upon the death of Sheikh Maktoum al-Maktoum, his brother, Sheikh
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337:, after the Bastak region in southern Persia. At this time, almost a quarter of the population was of non-Emirati origin.
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area of Dubai have unearthed a 6th-century caravan station suggesting the area was sparsely inhabited during this period.
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Zoning policies would be adjusted by Dubai's municipal government to promote resource conservation and eliminate sprawl.
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later he was restored to the throne and ruled until his death. This resulted in the emergence of Dubai as the premier
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In addition to the long running dispute between Abu-Dhabi and Dubai, Dubai was also involved in a dispute with
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finally making their homes in Dubai. They continued to trade with Lingah, however, as do many of the dhows in
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of the Middle East. When the world's oil supply runs out, Dubai would survive in a new oil-free world unlike
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business port, whereby goods are imported into a duty-free port and immediately exported to another market.
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reserve fuels that will keep economy activity afloat in Dubai will last until the end of the 21st century.
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550:, having been de facto ruler for a decade and credited with helping to force Dubai's rapid expansion.
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to eastern regions such as modern-day Pakistan and India, with reports of ships travelling as far as
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exemption for all foreign traders. By 1903, the Sheikh had succeeded in convincing a major British
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Abbott, Lucy M. "The States of the Persian Gulf: From protectorates to independent countries." in
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line to make Dubai a port of call. Merchants from Lingah looked across to the Arab shore of the
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2530:"Saudi Arabia in the year 2037 - also deals with developed countries having alternative fuels"
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Martin Hvidt, "Public-Private Ties and Their Contribution to Development: The Case of Dubai,"
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Despite the international turmoil over the cost of oil, Dubai is already considered to be the
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The origins of the United Arab Emirates: A political and social history of the Trucial States
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Davidson, Christopher M. "Arab Nationalism and British Opposition in Dubai, 1920–66."
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Christopher M. Davidson, "Arab Nationalism and British Opposition in Dubai, 1920-66,"
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Ziadah, Rafeef. "Transport Infrastructure and Logistics in the Making of Dubai Inc."
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Bagaeen, Samer. "Brand Dubai: The instant city; or the instantly recognizable city."
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with regards to their legal boundaries. Before the British left, there were no exact
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717:, he became part of the everyday running of the country. He has two wives, Sheikha
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and city of Dubai is situated are very rare for any period before the 18th century.
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Biln, John. "On The Fabrication of Cultural Memory: History Theme Malls in Dubai."
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Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development
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7 April 1894 – 16 February 1906 Sheikh Maktoum II bin Hushur (b. 18?? – d. 1906)
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to trade. The earliest written mention of the area of Dubai was in 1095, by
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16 February 1906 – November 1912 Sheikh Bati bin Suhayl (b. 1851 – d. 1912)
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518:, a tax-free zone to increase Dubai's presence in the worldwide media, and
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Pelican, Michaela. "Urban lifeworlds of Cameroonian migrants in Dubai."
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various tax cutting measures to incentivise businesses in the region.
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22 November 1886 – 7 April 1894 Sheikh Rashid I bin Maktoum (d. 1894)
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How to talk about the end of growth: Interview with Richard Heinberg
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18 April 1929 – September 1958 Sheikh Saeed II bin Maktum (2nd time)
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In the early 19th century, the Al Abu Falasa dynasty (part of the
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in the tenth century AD. Circa 1580, the state jeweler of Venice,
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9 June 1833 – 1852 Sheikh Maktoum I bin Bati ibn Suhayl (d. 1852)
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In 1958, upon the death of Saeed bin Maktoum Al Maktoum, Sheikh
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Interpretation and Revision of International Boundary Decisions
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285:
2625:. ASPO-USA's Peak Oil Review. 20 February 2006. Archived from
2509:"UAE Legal Overhaul Could Decriminalize Alcohol, Cohabitation"
2328:"Dubai Bonds Signal Economic "Depression," ING Says (Update1)"
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2655:. US Energy Information Administration. 2007. Archived from
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1859 – 22 November 1886 Sheikh Hushur ibn Maktoum (d. 1886)
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outbreak which forced many to relocate east to the town of
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in the region and was the first formal denunciation of the
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1710:
Islamic Empires: Fifteen Cities That Define a Civilization
1685:
Islamic Empires: Fifteen Cities That Define a Civilization
1533:
1224:
Islamic Empires: Fifteen Cities That Define a Civilization
834:
Islamic Empires: Fifteen Cities That Define a Civilization
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914:. Asia Rooms. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009
486:
The death of Sheikh Rashid al-Maktoum resulted in Sheikh
402:
377:
318:
2974:
2584:"Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy"
949:
503:, they provided refueling bases to allied forces in the
776:"The Coming of Islam and the Islamic Period in the UAE"
648:
The following is a list of rulers of Dubai, Al-Maktoum
2946:
International Journal of Urban & Regional Research
1851:. Emporis. Archived from the original on 17 March 2008
149:
and various evidence suggests links to the mysterious
141:
cattle herders used the area to live and herd in. The
736:
684:
15 April 1929 – 18 April 1929 Sheikh Mani bin Rashid
2761:. Sheikh Mohammed Official Website. Archived from
2735:. Dubai Official Government Portal. Archived from
2679:
2524:
2522:
1470:. Sheikh Mohammed Official Website. Archived from
1304:. Sheikh Mohammed Official Website. Archived from
1250:. Sheikh Mohammed Official Website. Archived from
644:A simplified family tree of the al-Maktoum family
229:Mojam Ma Ostojam men Asmae Al belaad wal Mawadhea
4126:
3592:
2686:. Mcgill-Queen's University Press. p. 448.
950:Terry Carter; Lara Dunston (15 September 2004).
2895:City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism
2519:
459:, of whom there are forty in total. Dubai and
1707:
1682:
1221:
831:
538:of 300 islands in the shape of the world, and
526:, the world's tallest freestanding hotel, The
2990:
2706:
2682:Determining boundaries in a conflicting world
2354:"Dubai not so glamorous in economic downturn"
175:
2960:"How did Dubai get so rich? | CNBC Explains"
2929:Impossible Citizens: Dubai's Indian Diaspora
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
1097:Ibrahim Abed, Peter Hellyer (21 June 2001).
662:1852 – 1859 Sheikh Said I ibn Bati (d. 1859)
2820:Routledge Handbook Of Persian Gulf Politics
1328:"Best of Dubai|Global Village Encyclopedia"
431:which had been issued by the Government of
2997:
2983:
1758:
1678:
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1271:
1269:
3169:Birla Institute of Technology and Science
2910:Schulte-Peevers, Andrea and Kevin Raub.
2615:
2548:
2283:"Burj Dubai all set for 09/09/09 opening"
582:is similar to Hong Kong's trade with the
507:as they did during the Persian Gulf War.
292:in Emirati history. However, in 1833 the
203:is the oldest existing building in Dubai.
113:
61:Learn how and when to remove this message
2781:
2378:
1201:"History of Dubai from the Dubai Museum"
699:Sheikh Maktoum III bin Rashid Al Maktoum
639:
592:
474:
423:and Dubai to create a new currency, the
247:
194:
179:
2707:Homi Kaikobad, Kaiyan (17 April 2007).
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1673:
1614:. Vol. 2 (Archive ed.). 1994.
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1101:United Arab Emirates, A New Perspective
690:September 1958 – 7 October 1990 Sheikh
438:
347:Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum
4127:
2405:
1492:
808:"United Arab Emirates country profile"
656:? – 9 June 1833 Sheikh `Ubayd ibn Said
590:by the majority of the Western world.
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3315:
3255:St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church
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2813:Timeline of Dubai § Bibliography
2061:. Government of Dubai. Archived from
719:Hind bint Maktoum bin Juma Al Maktoum
706:Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
333:today, and they named their district
129:between 1993 and 1998, remnants of a
3721:Dubai International Financial Centre
1708:Justin Marozzi (September 3, 2019).
1683:Justin Marozzi (September 3, 2019).
1624:
1222:Justin Marozzi (September 3, 2019).
1155:. Dubai Rugby Sevens. Archived from
945:
943:
880:"United Arab Emirates Yearbook 2006"
832:Justin Marozzi (September 3, 2019).
17:
4109:
2912:Lonely Planet Dubai & Abu Dhabi
2857:Dubai: The Vulnerability of Success
2790:. Dubaicityinfo.com. Archived from
2087:. Wisconsin Project. Archived from
2059:"History of the judiciary in Dubai"
1909:. Islamic Banknotes. Archived from
1534:Terry Carter, Lara Dunston (2004).
1074:. Dhow Palace Dubai. Archived from
470:
414:
409:
13:
2876:(Columbia University Press, 2009).
2782:Sugiarti, Deby (21 October 2014).
2563:"The Hong Kong of the Middle East"
2434:"Dubai homeowners go on offensive"
635:
160:, the southernmost satrapy of the
33:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
4146:
3991:
3214:International School of Choueifat
2952:
2822:(Routledge, 2020) pp. 48–54.
2678:Lalonde, Suzanne (3 March 2003).
2304:Wheeler, Julia (5 January 2006).
1736:. Dubai Duty Free. Archived from
1348:. Amazing Facts. 30 December 2008
1002:"History of Iran:Sassanid Empire"
940:
4108:
4098:
4089:
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3835:Al Maktoum International Airport
3571:Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing
2970:from the original on 2021-12-15.
2881:Dubai: Behind an urban spectacle
2623:"On Middle Eastern Oil Reserves"
2481:Spencer, Richard (7 June 2009).
2406:Chohan, Heerkani (28 May 2009).
2379:Hewitson, Jessie (31 May 2009).
2113:. City Vacations. Archived from
1935:. Travel Channel. Archived from
1933:"Historical Background of Dubai"
1282:. Library of Congress. July 2007
1203:. altdubai.com. 14 November 2008
978:. Travel Channel. Archived from
773:
739:
697:7 October 1990 – 4 January 2006
191:in the late 1950s, built in 1787
108:
105:having invested heavily abroad.
43:guide to writing better articles
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2837:Journal of Islamic Architecture
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2372:
2346:
2320:
2297:
2275:
2257:"Dubai's World Progress Update"
2249:
2223:
2202:
2176:
2155:
2143:from the original on 2012-07-29
2137:"Dubai does brisk war business"
2129:
2103:
2077:
2051:
2029:
2003:
1991:from the original on 2012-09-08
1977:
1951:
1925:
1899:
1877:
1841:
1819:
1793:
1767:
1752:
1726:
1701:
1654:. Dubai Tourism. Archived from
1641:
1618:
1604:
1591:
1578:
1552:
1538:(3rd ed.). Lonely Planet.
1527:
1501:
1486:
1460:
1430:
1408:
1382:
1360:
1346:"Piracy on the Dubai coastline"
1338:
1320:
1294:
1240:
1215:
1193:
1171:
1145:
1123:
1090:
1064:
1038:
1016:
652:, going back at least to 1833.
427:, after the devaluation of the
396:. He embarked on a dredging of
137:As it became more inhabitable,
73:The earliest written record of
3126:Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
2888:Dubai, the City as Corporation
2827:International Planning Studies
2759:"Biography of Sheikh Mohammed"
2711:. Cambridge University Press.
2306:"Dubai's formidable new ruler"
1803:. Hotels Dubai. Archived from
994:
968:
904:
885:. UAE Interact. Archived from
872:
850:
825:
800:
767:
725:, the daughter of the King of
681:(1st time) (b. 1878 – d. 1958)
677:November 1912 – 15 April 1929
544:Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum
481:Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
225:Abū 'Ubayd 'Abd Allāh al-Bakrī
118:Records of the area where the
85:, who mapped the coast of the
1:
3815:
2356:. Current.com. Archived from
2233:. Lovetripper. Archived from
976:"Dubai Historical Background"
760:
723:Princess Haya bint Al Hussein
692:Rashid II ibn Said Al Maktoum
488:Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum
345:After various rulers, Sheikh
3179:SP Jain Center of Management
3154:American University in Dubai
2013:. Allo Expat. Archived from
383:
370:
340:
267:
258:Saeed bin Maktoum Al Maktoum
243:
125:During the expansion of the
7:
3840:Dubai International Airport
3189:Our Own English High School
2330:. Bloomberg. Archived from
1712:. Allen Lane. p. 350.
1687:. Allen Lane. p. 349.
1612:Records of Dubai, 1761-1960
1226:. Allen Lane. p. 337.
1048:. PropDubai. Archived from
836:. Allen Lane. p. 338.
747:United Arab Emirates portal
732:
609:
390:Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
317:, and in 1894 granted full
10:
4151:
3375:List of buildings in Dubai
3250:St. Mary's Catholic Church
2810:
2649:"United Arab Emirates Oil"
2483:"Jailed British Adulterer"
2259:. AME Info. Archived from
1885:"Quatar and Dubai History"
1761:Records of Dubai 1761-1960
1627:"Hong Kong of the desert?"
1511:. Go Dubai. Archived from
1105:. Trident Press. pp.
1004:. The Iran Chamber Society
679:Sheikh Saeed II bin Maktum
584:People's Republic of China
284:, which aimed to suppress
238:
176:7th century – 19th century
4084:
3997:
3986:
3900:
3827:
3823:
3810:
3759:
3711:
3680:
3614:
3610:
3587:
3534:
3458:
3430:
3365:
3339:
3335:
3311:
3295:List of people from Dubai
3263:
3232:
3184:Mahatma Gandhi University
3144:
3116:
3083:
3055:
3051:
3012:
3004:
2874:Abu Dhabi: oil and beyond
2872:Davidson, Christopher M.
2855:Davidson, Christopher M.
1869:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1829:. Slate.com. 3 March 2006
1777:. Fodor's. Archived from
1562:. UAE Gov. Archived from
1248:"History of the Bani Yas"
932:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
565:
3511:Jumeirah Beach Residence
3405:Dubai World Trade Centre
3219:American School of Dubai
3199:Dubai Modern High School
2937:Zahlan, Rosemarie Said.
2408:"Dubai Property Scandal"
1827:"How united is the UAE?"
1759:A. Burdett, ed. (2000).
457:Federal National Council
3731:Dubai Knowledge Village
2948:(2018) 42#2 pp 182–197.
2922:American Anthropologist
2653:Country Analysis Briefs
1493:Graeme, Wilson (1991).
1392:. Yahoo. Archived from
1368:"Architecture in Dubai"
1046:"Dubai:A short history"
704:4 January 2006–Present
3892:Palm Jumeirah Monorail
3224:Dubai American Academy
3194:The Indian High School
2924:113.2 (2011): 306-318.
2867:Middle Eastern Studies
2829:12.2 (2007): 173-197.
1649:"Dubai Modern History"
1599:Middle Eastern Studies
1586:Middle Eastern Studies
1418:. British Empire.co.uk
1024:"Attractions in Dubai"
645:
598:
483:
264:
204:
199:Al Fahidi Fort today.
192:
164:, and followed by the
114:7000 BCE – 7th century
3741:Dubai Production City
3566:Business Bay Crossing
3209:English College Dubai
3164:Dubai Women's College
2879:Elsheshtawy, Yasser.
2869:43.6 (2007): 879-892.
2609:22 March 2012 at the
2210:"Dubai Maritime City"
2163:"Dubai Internet City"
2085:"Jebel Ali Free Zone"
2039:. Library of Congress
2011:"Government of Dubai"
1959:"Timeline of the UAE"
1775:"The Making of Dubai"
643:
596:
534:, a massive man-made
501:2003 Invasion of Iraq
478:
251:
198:
183:
101:rule in Afghanistan.
3794:Mall of the Emirates
3204:Dubai British School
2966:. 10 February 2018.
912:"History of the UAE"
449:United Arab Emirates
439:Formation of the UAE
315:British protectorate
3746:Dubai Silicon Oasis
3726:Dubai Internet City
3546:Al Shindagha Tunnel
3506:Dubai Festival City
3159:Dubai Men's College
2839:4.1 (2016): 27-32.
2629:on 12 February 2012
2487:The Daily Telegraph
2381:"Property Overseas"
1887:. Islamic Banknotes
1601:2007 43(6): 879-892
1588:2007 43(4): 557-577
1416:"Trucial Oman Area"
1334:on 25 January 2013.
1078:on 21 February 2009
788:on January 16, 2013
701:(b. 1943 – d. 2006)
694:(b. 1912 – d. 1990)
597:Dubai skyline, 2010
520:Dubai Maritime City
512:Dubai Internet City
505:Jebel Ali Free Zone
490:to the throne. The
465:Jebel Ali Free Zone
81:) is accredited to
3380:21st Century Tower
3136:Dubai Municipality
3131:Dubai Police Force
3070:Al Maktoum dynasty
2964:CNBC International
2941:(Routledge, 2016).
2883:(Routledge, 2009).
2849:3.2 (2012): 1-16.
2794:on 20 October 2014
2515:. 7 November 2020.
2456:"Resilience Dubai"
2263:on 11 October 2007
2184:"Dubai Media City"
2037:"Countriy Studies"
1509:"History of Dubai"
1131:"History of Dubai"
1072:"Dubai City Guide"
774:King, Geoffrey R.
646:
599:
586:due to Iran being
484:
479:The current Emir,
429:Persian Gulf rupee
282:British government
274:House of Al-Falasi
265:
256:(left) and Sheikh
205:
193:
83:Muhammad al-Idrisi
4122:
4121:
4080:
4079:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3882:Emirates Airlines
3877:Dubai Water Canal
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3789:Dubai Marina Mall
3779:Deira City Centre
3672:Waterfront Market
3662:Dubai Ports World
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3561:Al Garhoud Bridge
3551:Al Maktoum Bridge
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
2718:978-0-521-86912-6
2190:on 5 January 2010
2017:on 2 January 2007
1965:. 3 November 2009
1740:on 8 January 2012
1719:978-0-241-19904-6
1694:978-0-241-19904-6
1661:on 4 October 2011
1515:on 18 August 2009
1233:978-0-241-19904-6
1159:on 9 October 2008
954:. Lonely Planet.
860:. Solar Navigator
843:978-0-241-19904-6
755:Timeline of Dubai
532:The World Islands
499:, and during the
443:Britain left the
162:Achaemenid Empire
127:Sheikh Zayed Road
71:
70:
63:
37:used on Knowledge
35:encyclopedic tone
4142:
4135:History of Dubai
4112:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4092:
4091:
3988:
3987:
3825:
3824:
3812:
3811:
3774:Ibn Battuta Mall
3736:Dubai Media City
3626:Al-Ghurair Group
3612:
3611:
3589:
3588:
3481:Dubai Waterfront
3415:Etisalat Tower 2
3337:
3336:
3313:
3312:
3174:Zayed University
3053:
3052:
3014:
3013:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2685:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2559:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2532:. Archived from
2526:
2517:
2516:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2237:on 7 August 2016
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2186:. Archived from
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2091:on 12 March 2009
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2065:on 12 April 2009
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1939:on 22 April 2008
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:on 17 April 2009
1771:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1566:on 10 April 2010
1556:
1550:
1549:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1444:. Archived from
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1330:. Archived from
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1308:on 29 April 2009
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1254:on 14 March 2006
1244:
1238:
1237:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1104:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
982:on 22 April 2008
972:
966:
965:
947:
938:
937:
931:
923:
921:
919:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
892:on 26 March 2009
891:
884:
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
854:
848:
847:
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
804:
798:
797:
795:
793:
787:
781:. Archived from
780:
771:
749:
744:
743:
742:
516:Dubai Media City
492:Persian Gulf War
471:1990–present day
415:Discovery of oil
410:1966–present day
352:Great Depression
290:Arab slave trade
166:Sassanian Empire
66:
59:
55:
52:
46:
45:for suggestions.
41:See Knowledge's
26:
25:
18:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4076:
3993:
3974:
3896:
3819:
3798:
3755:
3707:
3698:Al Hamriya Port
3676:
3648:Dubai Gold Souk
3619:
3617:
3606:
3575:
3556:Floating Bridge
3539:
3537:
3530:
3454:
3426:
3410:Emirates Towers
3367:
3361:
3331:
3299:
3259:
3228:
3140:
3112:
3079:
3047:
3008:
3003:
2958:
2955:
2907:(2014): 255-309
2815:
2809:
2797:
2795:
2788:Dubai City Info
2779:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2765:on 16 July 2009
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2611:Wayback Machine
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2536:on 29 June 2011
2528:
2527:
2520:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2412:The Independent
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2360:on 21 July 2015
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2334:on 18 July 2015
2326:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2309:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2285:. Business 24/7
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1913:on 30 June 2003
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1807:on 20 July 2010
1801:"Dubai-History"
1799:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1681:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1625:Gluckman, Ron.
1623:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1495:Father of Dubai
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1468:"Sheikh Sayeed"
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1448:on 18 June 2009
1436:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1390:"Dubai History"
1388:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1181:. Islamic Spain
1177:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
974:
973:
969:
962:
948:
941:
925:
924:
917:
915:
910:
909:
905:
895:
893:
889:
882:
878:
877:
873:
863:
861:
856:
855:
851:
844:
830:
826:
817:
815:
806:
805:
801:
791:
789:
785:
778:
772:
768:
763:
745:
740:
738:
735:
638:
636:Rulers of Dubai
612:
568:
555:Great Recession
473:
441:
417:
412:
386:
373:
343:
270:
260:(right) of the
254:Juma Al Maktoum
246:
241:
178:
116:
111:
67:
56:
50:
47:
40:
31:This article's
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4148:
4138:
4137:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4096:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3808:
3807:
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2953:External links
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2739:on 31 May 2011
2733:"Dubai Rulers"
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2893:Krance, Jim.
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2784:"Dubai Guide"
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2693:0-7735-2424-X
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2659:on 5 May 2008
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2462:. 30 May 2009
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1990:
1987:. CRN India.
1986:
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1928:
1912:
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1907:"Gulf Rupees"
1902:
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1849:"About Dubai"
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1734:"About Dubai"
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1153:"About Dubai"
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1116:1-900724-47-2
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3440:Mushrif Park
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3390:Burj Khalifa
3385:Burj Al Arab
3265:Demographics
3245:Hindu Temple
3240:Grand Mosque
3065:Trucial Oman
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2807:Bibliography
2796:. Retrieved
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2019:. Retrieved
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1993:. Retrieved
1985:"The Dirham"
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217:pearl diving
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4114:WikiProject
3850:Dubai Metro
3688:Port Rashid
3536:Bridges and
3501:Dubai South
3459:Real estate
3450:Zabeel Park
3400:Dubai Frame
3278:Expatriates
3108:Dubai Creek
2847:Transcience
2540:28 February
1179:"Geography"
1133:. Ski Dubai
1026:. Dubai.com
792:December 1,
629:arbitration
536:archipelago
398:Dubai Creek
331:Dubai Creek
4052:Gold Coast
4022:Casablanca
3867:Dubai Tram
3860:Green Line
3784:Dubai Mall
3713:Free zones
3703:Port Saeed
3652:Spice Souk
3526:Palm Deira
3368:structures
3328:Structures
3288:Pakistanis
3118:Government
3038:Government
2811:See also:
2798:21 October
1629:. Gluckman
1442:lowtax.net
1302:"Bani Yas"
818:2024-09-03
761:References
620:boundaries
588:ostracized
453:UAE dirham
294:Al Maktoum
4072:Barcelona
4032:Guangzhou
4027:Frankfurt
3828:Transport
3817:Transport
3751:Jebel Ali
3693:Jebel Ali
3616:Trade and
3491:Dubailand
3471:The World
3445:Safa Park
3322:Buildings
3146:Education
3093:Bur Dubai
3085:Geography
3033:Geography
2633:20 August
708:(b. 1949)
572:Hong Kong
384:1958–1966
371:1945–1958
357:re-export
341:1912–1944
335:Bastakiya
323:steamship
276:) of the
268:1800–1912
244:1800–1966
227:, in his
143:date palm
51:July 2022
4129:Category
4094:Category
4067:Damascus
4062:Istanbul
4017:Shanghai
3887:flydubai
3855:Red Line
3769:BurJuman
3667:Etisalat
3618:commerce
3603:Commerce
3357:Al Aweer
3273:Emiratis
3233:Religion
3075:Bani Yas
3026:Timeline
2968:Archived
2663:27 April
2607:Archived
2489:. London
2414:. London
2387:. London
2385:Guardian
2141:Archived
1989:Archived
1963:BBC News
1865:cite web
928:cite web
812:BBC News
733:See also
610:Disputes
299:smallpox
278:Bani Yas
209:Umayyads
170:Jumeirah
131:mangrove
4104:Outline
4007:Detroit
4002:Chennai
3596:Economy
3538:tunnels
3283:Indians
3057:History
3043:Culture
3021:History
2933:excerpt
2931:(2013)
2916:excerpt
2914:(2018)
2899:excerpt
2897:(2010)
2861:excerpt
2859:(2008)
2769:10 June
2589:12 July
2493:10 June
2338:17 July
2312:10 June
2289:10 June
2267:10 June
2111:"Dubai"
2069:10 June
2043:10 June
2021:10 June
1438:"Dubai"
858:"Dubai"
650:dynasty
624:Britain
616:Sharjah
546:became
252:Sheikh
239:History
213:fishing
158:satrapy
139:nomadic
120:emirate
99:Taliban
4057:Moscow
4047:Dundee
4042:Beirut
4012:Geneva
3902:Routes
3496:Bawadi
3325:Places
2890:(2011)
2851:online
2841:online
2831:online
2743:31 May
2715:
2690:
2466:31 May
2440:31 May
2418:31 May
2391:31 May
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2241:31 May
2215:31 May
2194:31 May
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2095:31 May
1995:31 May
1969:31 May
1943:31 May
1917:31 May
1891:31 May
1855:31 May
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1811:31 May
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1716:
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1665:31 May
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1519:30 May
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1400:30 May
1374:30 May
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1207:30 May
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1082:30 May
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1008:30 May
986:30 May
958:
918:29 May
896:30 May
864:29 May
840:
727:Jordan
576:Riyadh
566:Future
286:piracy
4037:Osaka
3935:E 611
3915:E 311
3681:Ports
3638:Emaar
3600:Trade
3432:Parks
3352:Hatta
3347:Dubai
3340:Towns
3319:Towns
3098:Deira
3006:Dubai
2568:6 May
2308:. BBC
1659:(PDF)
1652:(PDF)
1536:Dubai
1280:(PDF)
952:Dubai
890:(PDF)
883:(PDF)
786:(PDF)
779:(PDF)
433:India
425:Riyal
421:Qatar
221:China
189:Dubai
151:Magan
147:Bajir
79:Dibei
75:Dubai
3970:D 90
3965:D 73
3960:D 75
3955:D 85
3950:D 89
3945:D 92
3940:D 94
3930:E 77
3925:E 66
3920:E 44
3910:E 11
3845:Abra
3421:more
2800:2014
2771:2009
2745:2009
2713:ISBN
2688:ISBN
2665:2008
2635:2008
2591:2016
2570:2011
2542:2011
2495:2009
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2420:2009
2393:2009
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2340:2015
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2291:2009
2269:2009
2243:2009
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2045:2009
2023:2009
1997:2009
1971:2009
1945:2009
1919:2009
1893:2009
1871:link
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988:2009
956:ISBN
934:link
920:2009
898:2009
866:2009
838:ISBN
794:2020
721:and
580:Iran
553:The
548:Emir
215:and
207:The
95:Gulf
3633:Art
1107:320
403:UAE
394:oil
378:UAE
319:tax
187:in
87:UAE
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