Hindi cinema - Knowledge

5256: 1947: 1785: 850:(200,000) rupees. The film tackled contemporary issues, especially those arising from the Indian Independence movement, and went on to become "the longest running hit of Indian cinema", a title it held till the 1970s. Film personalities like Bimal Roy, Sahir Ludhianvi and Prithviraj Kapoor participated in the creation of a national movement against colonial rule in India, while simultaneously leveraging the popular political movement to increase their own visibility and popularity. Themes from the Independence Movement deeply influenced Bombay film directors, screen-play writers, and lyricists, who saw their films in the context of social reform and the problems of the common people. 4982:, and posters of Indian films hang on the walls of tailoring shops and mechanics' garages. Unlike Europe and North America, where Indian films cater to the expatriate market, Bollywood films became popular in West Africa despite the lack of a significant Indian audience. One possible explanation is cultural similarity: the wearing of turbans, animals in markets; porters carrying large bundles, and traditional wedding celebrations. Within Muslim culture, Indian movies were said to show "respect" toward women; Hollywood movies were seen as having "no shame". In Indian movies, women are modestly dressed; men and women rarely kiss and there is no 4770:

recovering from the onslaught of the Second World War. The films from India, which were also recovering from the disaster of partition and the struggle for freedom from colonial rule, were found to be a good source of providing hope with entertainment to the struggling masses. The aspirations and needs of the people of both countries matched to a great extent. These films were dubbed in Russian and shown in theatres throughout the Soviet Union. The films from Bollywood also strengthened family values, which was a big factor for their popularity with the government authorities in the Soviet Union.

17416: 55: 15565: 14742: 3874:. Bootleg copies are the only way people in Pakistan can watch Bollywood movies, since the Pakistani government has banned their sale, distribution and telecast. Films are frequently broadcast without compensation by small cable-TV companies in India and other parts of South Asia. Small convenience stores, run by members of the Indian diaspora in the US and the UK, regularly stock tapes and DVDs of dubious provenance; consumer copying adds to the problem. The availability of illegal copies of movies on the Internet also contributes to industry losses. 122: 5343:(except in the Soviet states), who would be unaware that their material had been copied. Audiences may not have been aware of plagiarism, since many in India were unfamiliar with foreign films and music. Although copyright enforcement in India is still somewhat lenient, Bollywood and other film industries are more aware of each other and Indian audiences are more familiar with foreign films and music. Organisations such as the India EU Film Initiative seek to foster a community between filmmakers and industry professionals in India and the 828: 3663:. In modern films, Indian dance blends with Western dance styles as seen on MTV or in Broadway musicals; Western pop and classical-dance numbers are commonly seen side-by-side in the same film. The hero (or heroine) often performs with a troupe of supporting dancers. Many song-and-dance routines in Indian films contain unrealistically-quick shifts of location or changes of costume between verses of a song. If the hero and heroine dance and sing a duet, it is often staged in natural surroundings or architecturally-grand settings. 17006: 3514: 3878:

the sale of ancillary rights). There are increasing returns from theatres in Western countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, where Bollywood is slowly being noticed. As more Indians migrate to these countries, they form a growing market for upscale Indian films. In 2002, Bollywood sold 3.6 billion tickets and had a total revenue (including theatre tickets, DVDs and television) of $ 1.3 billion; Hollywood films sold 2.6 billion tickets, and had a total revenue of $ 51 billion.

5078: 17490: 4628:. Australia also has a large South Asian diaspora, and Bollywood is popular amongst non-Asians in the country as well. Since 1997, the country has been a backdrop for an increasing number of Bollywood films. Indian filmmakers, attracted to Australia's diverse locations and landscapes, initially used the country as a setting for song-and-dance scenes; however, Australian locations now figure in Bollywood film plots. Hindi films shot in Australia usually incorporate Australian culture. 5286:, one of India's largest production houses and distributors, reported in September 2005 that Bollywood films in the United States earned about $ 100 million per year in theatre screenings, video sales and the sale of movie soundtracks; Indian films earn more money in the United States than films from any other non-English speaking country. Since the mid-1990s, a number of Indian films have been largely (or entirely) shot in New York, Los Angeles, Vancouver or Toronto. Films such as 6225:...the extent of Urdu used in commercial Hindi cinema has not been stable... Although the shift was gradual and two generations communicated with each other through a blend of Urdu and Hindi, known as Hindustani, the ultimate victory of Hindi in the official sphere has been more or less complete... The decline of Urdu is mirrored in Hindi films... It is true that many Urdu words have survived and have become part of Hindi cinema's popular vocabulary. But that is as far as it goes. 1368: 3411: 17473: 17507: 3522: 17428: 16992: 726: 1359: 1564: 7017:, directed by Gyan Mukherjee, became the first film to reach the coveted box office milestone of Rs 1 crore. Who would have thought that the journey of the crore in Indian films would begin with a movie made for under Rs 2 lakh? It was a time when India was in the throes of patriotic fervour. The Quit India movement had just been launched. Kismet, a crime thriller with patriotic sentiments, tapped into this feeling. 3222:. A number of foreign actresses became successful in spite of their ignorance of the Hindi language. Hindi cinema can be insular, and relatives of film-industry figures have an edge in obtaining coveted roles in films or being part of a film crew. However, industry connections are no guarantee of a long career: competition is fierce, and film-industry scions will falter if they do not succeed at the box office. 15361: 17456: 1804: 5477:), has spoken about the influence of American culture and Bollywood's desire to produce box-office hits based along the same lines: "Financially, I would be more secure knowing that a particular piece of work has already done well at the box office. Copying is endemic everywhere in India. Our TV shows are adaptations of American programmes. We want their films, their cars, their planes, their 3505:

inconsistent" with the constitutional rights guaranteed to India's citizens. The court also found illegal the rule which mandated that for any artist to work in the industry, they must have lived for five years in the state where they intend to work. In 2015, it was announced that Charu Khurana was the first woman registered by the Cine Costume Make-Up Artist & Hair Dressers' Association.

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projected' (Prasad, 2003) 'Tolly', rhyming with 'Holly', got hinged to 'wood' in the Anglophone Indian imagination, and came to denote the Calcutta studios and, by extension, the local film industry. Prasad surmises: 'Once Tollywood was made possible by the fortuitous availability of a half-rhyme, it was easy to clone new Hollywood babies by simply replacing the first letter' (Prasad, 2003).

4986:, so the films are said to "have culture" which Hollywood lacks. The latter "don't base themselves on the problems of the people"; Indian films are based on socialist values and the reality of developing countries emerging from years of colonialism. Indian movies permitted a new youth culture without "becoming Western." The first Indian film shot in Mauritius was 10228: 3338:

survived and have become part of Hindi cinema's popular vocabulary. But that is as far as it goes. The fact is, for the most part, popular Hindi cinema has forsaken the florid Urdu that was part of its extravagance and retained a 'residual' Urdu", affected by an aggressive state policy that promoted a Sanskritized version of Hindi as the national language."

4016:(DFF), since 1973. The DFF screens Bollywood films, films from the other regional movie industries, and independent/art films. The awards are made at an annual ceremony presided over by the president of India. Unlike the Filmfare Awards, which are chosen by the public and a committee of experts, the National Film Awards are decided by a government panel. 3836:. Although Indian banks and financial institutions had been forbidden from lending to film studios, the ban has been lifted. Finances are not regulated; some funding comes from illegitimate sources such as the Mumbai underworld, which is known to influence several prominent film personalities. Mumbai organised-crime hitmen shot 1616:(1973), directed by Hussain and written by Salim-Javed, has been identified as the first masala film and the first quintessentially "Bollywood" film. Salim-Javed wrote more successful masala films during the 1970s and 1980s. Masala films made Amitabh Bachchan the biggest star of the period. A landmark of the genre was 1286: 3504:

ruled in 2014 that the ban violated Indian constitutional guarantees under Article 14 (right to equality), 19(1)(g) (freedom to work) and Article 21 (right to liberty). According to the court, the ban had no "rationale nexus" to the cause sought to be achieved and was "unacceptable, impermissible and

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India, its use has declined in modern Hindi cinema: "The extent of Urdu used in commercial Hindi cinema has not been stable ... the ultimate victory of Hindi in the official sphere has been more or less complete. This decline of Urdu is mirrored in Hindi films ... It is true that many Urdu words have

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in 2006. Early in 2008, the Pakistani government permitted the import of 16 films. More easing followed in 2009 and 2010. Although it is opposed by nationalists and representatives of Pakistan's small film industry, it is embraced by cinema owners who are making a profit after years of low receipts.

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For years before the turn of the millennium and even after, cinematic language (in dialogues or lyrics) would often be melodramatic, invoking God, family, mother, duty, and self-sacrifice. Song lyrics are often about love and, especially in older films, frequently used the poetic vocabulary of court

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A few Hindi filmmakers regularly got criticised for allegedly practising nepotism. Critics and fans accused them of hindering the careers of outsiders (potential artists who do not have any connections in the industry) and readily giving roles to promote the kids of established actors, directors and

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From 2015 onwards, the position of Bollywood as the top film industry of India waned. Some directors, exhibitors, actors and producers claimed that audiences became smarter, and they wanted movies with good stories, and they do not accept mediocre films. Instead of understanding it, Bollywood's film

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said, "Calling ourselves Bollywood is a feudal mindset, we have our own identity. We are Indian cinema, where films are made in more than 15 languages...We should not degrade by calling ourselves Bollywood. When I go to International film festivals, I feel ashamed when we are called Bollywood. There

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has also existed, presenting realistic content and avoidance of musical numbers. In more recent years, the distinction between commercial masala and parallel cinema has been gradually blurring, with an increasing number of mainstream films adopting the conventions which were once strictly associated

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have said that "more than seventy-five per cent of films are made in Urdu." It is a pity that although Urdu is freely used in films, the producers in general mention the language of the film as "Hindi" in the application forms supplied by the Censor Board. It is a gross misrepresentation and unjust

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The next canonical text was Luck (Kismet, 1943), which, in 1970 at any rate, held the "record as the longest running hit of Indian cinema" (Star and Style, February 6, 1970,19). owes its amazing, unexpected success to the time in which it was made." Achut Kanya and Kismet heralded a move away from

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Scholars of Hindi-Urdu film noted a gradual replacement of Urdu with English in these films... the "ideological work" of Urdu— its evocation of a pre- Partition composite culture and business practices— "has now been challenged by English, which provides the ideological coordinates of the new world

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Bollywood's increasing use of international settings such as Switzerland, London, Paris, New York, Mexico, Brazil and Singapore does not necessarily represent the people and cultures of those locales. Contrary to these spaces and geographies being filmed as they are, they are actually Indianised by

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According to film critic Lata Khubchandani, "Our earliest films ... had liberal doses of sex and kissing scenes in them. Strangely, it was after Independence the censor board came into being and so did all the strictures." Although Bollywood plots feature Westernised urbanites dating and dancing in

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Hindi films are primarily musicals, and are expected to have catchy song-and-dance numbers woven into the script. A film's success often depends on the quality of such musical numbers. A film's music and song and dance portions are usually produced first and these are often released before the film

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Indian People's Theatre Association, popularly known by its acronym IPTA, was formed in 1942 when India was struggling to free herself from the shackles of colonial rule. The established artists of the tmmes Prithviraj Kapoor, Bijon Bhattacharya, Ritwik Ghatak, Utpal Dutt, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, Mulk

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by Wilford E. Deming, an American engineer who apparently helped produce the first Indian sound picture. At this point, the Calcutta suburb of Tollygunge was the main center of film production in India. Deming refers to the area as Tollywood, since it already boasted two studios with 'several more

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A commonly-reported justification for plagiarism in Bollywood is that cautious producers want to remake popular Hollywood films in an Indian context. Although screenwriters generally produce original scripts, many are rejected due to uncertainty about whether a film will be successful. Poorly-paid

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Bollywood, however, seems to be diminishing in popularity in Africa. New Bollywood films are more sexually explicit and violent. Nigerian viewers observed that older films (from the 1950s and 1960s) had more culture and were less Westernised. The old days of India avidly "advocating decolonization

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According to Shakuntala Rao, "Media representation can depict India's shifting relation with the world economy, but must retain its 'Indianness' in moments of dynamic hybridity"; "Indianness" (cultural identity) poses a problem with Bollywood's popularity among varied diaspora audiences, but gives

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Satellite TV, television and imported foreign films are making inroads into the domestic Indian entertainment market. In the past, most Bollywood films could make money; now, fewer do. Most Bollywood producers make money, however, recouping their investments from many sources of revenue (including

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Songs can make and break a film, determining whether it will be a flop or a hit: "Few films without successful musical tracks, and even fewer without any songs and dances, succeed". Globalization has changed Bollywood music, with lyrics an increasing mix of Hindi and English. Global trends such as

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is the leading tickets selling mobile android application in India, it has tie-up with many such multiplexes. Although PVR and INOX also sell tickets through their application- websites. Due to the convince in tickets booking online most of the viewers pre-book tickets through mobile application.

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Songs typically comment on the action taking place in the film. A song may be worked into the plot, so a character has a reason to sing. It may externalise a character's thoughts, or presage an event in the film (such as two characters falling in love). The songs are often referred to as a "dream

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Bollywood employs people from throughout India. It attracts thousands of aspiring actors hoping for a break in the industry. Models and beauty contestants, television actors, stage actors and ordinary people come to Mumbai with the hope of becoming a star. As in Hollywood, very few succeed. Since

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communities overseas. The growth of the Indian economy and a demand for quality entertainment in this era led the country's film industry to new heights in production values, cinematography and screenwriting as well as technical advances in areas such as special effects and animation. Some of the

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and other Western cinema centers were banned in the Soviet Union. As there was no means of other cheap entertainment, the films from Bollywood provided the Soviets a cheap source of entertainment as they were supposed to be non-controversial and non-political. In addition, the Soviet Union was

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were less than world-class, with some notable exceptions, until the mid-to-late 1990s. As Western films and television are more widely distributed in India, there is increased pressure for Bollywood films to reach the same production levels (particularly in action and special effects). Recent

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Releasing film music, or music videos, before a film's release may be considered a form of advertising. A popular tune is believed to help attract audiences. Bollywood publicists use the Internet as a venue for advertising. Most bigger-budget films have a websites on which audiences can view

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and socio-political realities of contemporary India. They channeled growing popular discontent and disillusionment and state failure to ensure welfare and well-being at a time of inflation, shortages, loss of confidence in public institutions, increasing crime and the unprecedented growth of

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The term has been criticised by some film journalists and critics, who believe it implies that the industry is a poor cousin of Hollywood. Many noted Hindi film actors, directors prefer to call it Hindi cinema rather than Bollywood and advice others to mention it as 'Hindi cinema'. In 2020,

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painted film posters early in his career; human labour was found to be cheaper than printing and distributing publicity material. Most of the large, ubiquitous billboards in India's major cities are now created with computer-printed vinyl. Old hand-painted posters, once considered

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Perhaps Hindi cinema's greatest influence has been on India's national identity, where (with the rest of Indian cinema) it has become part of the "Indian story". In India, Bollywood is often associated with India's national identity. According to economist and Bollywood biographer

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transformed global perceptions of India. According to author Roopa Swaminathan, "Bollywood cinema is one of the strongest global cultural ambassadors of a new India." Its role in expanding India's global influence is comparable to Hollywood's similar role with American influence.

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Film producers have been releasing soundtracks (as tapes or CDs) before a film's release, hoping that the music will attract audiences; a soundtrack is often more popular than its film. Some producers also release music videos, usually (but not always) with a song from the film.

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Indian cinema grew up in the days of the National Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. The Gandhian philosophy of social reform deeply influenced Bollywood directors, screen-play writers, and lyricists. Their films became vehicles of social reform, taking up the cause of the common

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Since advancement of internet service in the country online ticket selling business having robust growth here.2010 decade onward online platform gained popularity in the nation thus Many film-makers many time prefer to release their films online on one of the paid app :

11199: 4726:, in 1949. Three hundred Indian films were released in the Soviet Union after that; most were Bollywood films with higher average audience figures than domestic Soviet productions. Fifty Indian films had over 20 million viewers, compared to 41 Hollywood films. Some, such as 681:. Many Bollywood producers and directors acknowledge the might of regional film industries. Some trade experts and critics believe that audiences eventually will return to Bollywood. In 2022, Hindi industry released 44 movies; out of those, 4 emerged as hits and 40 flopped. 7063:

Raj Anand, Salil Chowdhury, Pandit Ravi Shankar, Jyotirindra Moitra, Niranjan Singh Maan, S. Tera Singh Chan, Jagdish Faryadi, Khalili Faryadi, Rajendra Raghuvanshi, Safdar Mir and many others came forward and formed Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA) in 1942.

3870:. The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) estimates that the Bollywood industry loses $ 100 million annually from unlicensed home videos and DVDs. In addition to the homegrown market, demand for these copies is large amongst portions of the 2586:

to urban and rural citizens alike. Bollywood has long influenced Indian society and culture as the biggest entertainment industry; many of the country's musical, dancing, wedding and fashion trends are Bollywood-inspired. Bollywood fashion trendsetters have included

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111.33 billion) when adjusted for inflation. By 1986, India's annual film output had increased from 741 films produced annually to 833 films annually, making India the world's largest film producer. The most internationally acclaimed Hindi film of the 1980s was

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Hindi cinema experienced another period of box-office decline during the late 1980s with due to concerns by audiences over increasing violence and a decline in musical quality, and a rise in video piracy. One of the turning points came with such films as

3942:, only after receiving CBFC certificate a film trailer or a film can be released in India, members of CBFC view the film, give rating–age restriction, suggest cuts on objectionable scenes or can ban the film from exhibition in anywhere in the country. 7092:

In 1946, Prithviraj Kapoor founded Prithvi Theatres, a theatre group that became a legend over decades. The house would stage influential patriotic plays and inspire the generation to join the Indian freedom movement and Mahatma Gandhi's Quit India

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The specific use of Hindi/Urdu has shifted through time with the films produced in the pre-independence era having a leaning towards Urdu and those of the post independence era leaning towards Hindi... The use of Urdu has gradually declined since

11211: 4110:. Although Pakistan banned the import of Bollywood films in 1965, trade in unlicensed DVDs and illegal cable broadcasts ensured their continued popularity. Exceptions to the ban were made for a few films, such as the colourised re-release of 400:

representing representing 20% and 16% respectively. Hindi cinema is one of the largest centres for film production in the world. Hindi films sold an estimated 341 million tickets in India in 2019. Earlier Hindi films tended to use vernacular

3346:. Characters may shift from one language to the other to evoke a particular atmosphere (for example, English in a business setting and Hindi in an informal one). The blend of Hindi and English sometimes heard in modern Hindi films, known as 5449:

screenwriters have also been criticised for a lack of creativity. Some filmmakers see plagiarism in Bollywood as an integral part of globalisation, with which Western (particularly American) culture is embedding itself into Indian culture.

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Music directors often prefer working with certain lyricists, and the lyricist and composer may be seen as a team. This phenomenon has been compared to the pairs of American composers and songwriters who created classic Broadway musicals.

13727: 3093: 10209: 3492:, due to which most of the time the audience doesn't experience all the sounds from objects on the screen. Sometimes loud background music makes dialogues inaudible. Usually, Hindi filmmakers do not credit the Foley artist's name. 5581:(1997). Despite the significant number of hit Bollywood songs plagiarised from his music, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was reportedly tolerant towards the plagiarism. One of the Bollywood music directors who frequently plagiarised him, 529:"Bollywood" was probably invented in Bombay-based film trade journals in the 1960s or 1970s, though the exact inventor varies by account. Film journalist Bevinda Collaco claims she coined the term for the title of her column in 5550:

had a big impact on Hindi film music, inspiring numerous Indian musicians working in Bollywood, especially during the 1990s. However, there were many instances of Indian music directors plagiarising Khan's music to produce hit

6719: 5809: 5585:, claimed that he loved Khan's music and was actually showing admiration by using his tunes. However, Khan was reportedly aggrieved when Malik turned his spiritual "Allah Hoo, Allah Hoo" into "I Love You, I Love You" in 5226:. Germany is the second-largest European market for Indian films, after the United Kingdom. The most recognised Indian actor in Germany is Shah Rukh Khan, who has had box-office success in the country with films such as 2557:, "Cinema actually has been the most vibrant medium for telling India its own story, the story of its struggle for independence, its constant struggle to achieve national integration and to emerge as a global presence". 15584: 1901:

and have had successful careers since the late 1980s and early 1990s, and have dominated the Indian box office for three decades. Shah Rukh Khan was the most successful Indian actor for most of the 1990s and 2000s, and

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The decade of the 1940s saw an expansion of Bombay cinema's commercial market and its presence in the national consciousness. The year 1943 saw the arrival of Indian cinema's first 'blockbuster' offering, the movie

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clubs rather than pre-arranged marriages, traditional Indian culture continues to exist outside the industry and is an element of resistance by some to Western influences. Bollywood plays a major role, however, in

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Contemporary mainstream films also use English; according to the article "Bollywood Audiences Editorial", "English has begun to challenge the ideological work done by Urdu." Some film scripts are first written in

13792: 12364: 11072: 9466: 14207: 5528:. B. R. Films eventually settled out of court for about $ 200,000, paving the way for its film's release. Some studios comply with copyright law; in 2008, Orion Pictures secured the rights to remake Hollywood's 779:

language, was commercially successful. With a great demand for talkies and musicals, Hindustani cinema (as Hindi cinema was then known as) and the other language film industries quickly switched to sound films.

3333:, Jyotika Virdi wrote about the presence and decline of Urdu in Hindi films. Virdi notes that although Urdu was widely used in classic Hindi cinema decades after partition because it was widely taught in pre- 10293:

I feel that the Government should eradicate the age-old evil of certifying Urdu films as Hindi ones. It is a known fact that Urdu has been willingly accepted and used by the film industry. Two Urdu writers

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copies of movies are available before they are released in cinemas. Manufacturing of bootleg DVD, VCD, and VHS copies of the latest movie titles is an established small-scale industry in parts of south and

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were successful in China during the 1940s and 1950s, and remain popular with their original audience. Few Indian films were commercially successful in the country during the 1970s and 1980s, among them

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Most stars from the 2000s continued successful careers into the next decade, and the 2010s saw a new generation of popular actors in different films. Among new conventions, female-centred films such as

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genre, of which Indian cinema has been the largest producer since the 1960s when it exceeded the American film industry's total musical output after musical films declined in the West. The first Indian

12230: 6837: 3157:. Studies have indicated that some people, unaware that changing fashion in Bollywood films is often influenced by globalisation, consider the clothes worn by Bollywood actors as authentically Indian. 12935: 10169: 8417: 9971: 1516:

was "absolutely key to Indian cinema". In addition to Bachchan, several other actors followed by riding the crest of the trend (which lasted into the early 1990s). Actresses from the era include

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were popular during the 1970s and 1980s before Bollywood's popularity began gradually declining in the 1980s and 1990s. It experienced an Indonesian revival with the release of Shah Rukh Khan's

9727: 555: : "Bollywood is a term copied from Hollywood. The Indian film industry is the largest in the world. Why should we take a terminology that belongs to the industry of some other country?", 10832: 4584:

despite political tensions. With Bollywood competing with Hollywood in the Chinese market, the success of Khan's films has driven up the price for Chinese distributors of Indian film imports.

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adding Bollywood actors and Hindi speaking extras to them. While immersing in Bollywood films, viewers get to see their local experiences duplicated in different locations around the world.

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etc film industries, and their web series. According to some film critics, the test and understanding of the audience evolved, they became more content driven, they began exploring various

2708:, increasing from 256 (0.9%) as of the 2000 Census to an estimated 5,943 (13.6%) as of 2017, representing a 2,221.5% (a multiple of 23) numerical increase over that period, including many 11439: 10975: 9272: 8325: 8197: 6589: 385:. The term 'Bollywood', often mistakenly used to refer to Indian cinema as a whole, only refers to Hindi-language films, with Indian cinema being an umbrella term that includes all the 4787:

in 2022 some American film makers refused to have their films released in Russia and the Russian government banned certain actors - allowing more space in the market for Indian films;

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and strong melodies, all of which lured audiences back to the big screen. It brought back the template for Bollywood musical romance films which went on to define 1990s Hindi cinema.

919:. Around the same time, filmmakers and actors from the Calcutta film industry began migrating to Bombay; as a result, Bombay became the center of Hindustani-language film production. 14457:(Duke University Press; 2012) 424 pages; looks at how major changes in film production since the 1990s have been influenced by the liberal restructuring of India's state and economy. 11381: 7434: 2308:), which has had an increasing influence since the 1990s. Its pace, camera angles, dance sequences and music may be seen in 2000s Indian films. An early example of this approach was 12768: 12002: 6563: 2291:, which "blended realism and fantasy, music and dance, narrative and spectacle, earthy dialogue and ingenuity of stage presentation, integrating them into a dramatic discourse of 970:, is regarded by film historians as the Golden Age of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this time. Examples include 392:

In 2017, Indian cinema produced 1,986 feature films, of which the largest number, 364 have been in Hindi. In 2022, Hindi cinema represented 33% of box office revenue, followed by

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clothing, songs have been covered by Hausa singers, and stories have influenced Nigerian novelists. Stickers of Indian films and stars decorate taxis and buses in Nigeria's

8826: 5027:... and India's policy was wholly influenced by his missionary zeal to end racial domination and discrimination in the African territories" were replaced. The emergence of 11180: 8644: 8223: 4515:) also developed cult followings. China became the world's second-largest film market (after the United States) by 2013, paving the way for Khan's box-office success with 12966: 11647: 10533: 7900: 12374: 11082: 10645: 6622: 3131:, frequently using formulaic ingredients such as star-crossed lovers, angry parents, love triangles, family ties, sacrifice, political corruption, kidnapping, villains, 2131:(2014) with much-younger actresses. Although the films were often not praised by critics, they were commercially successful. Some of the films starring Aamir Khan, from 668:, started giving tough competition to the Bollywood movies at the box-office. Many regional actors became known outside their state, where previously they were unknown. 604:, the Hindi industry halted, many movies got delayed and released after pandemic ended, in the meanwhile due to years lockdowns audience got confined and got exposed to 14197: 12483: 10468: 5786: 3806:. The increasing accessibility of professional action and special effects, coupled with rising film budgets, have seen an increase in action and science-fiction films. 13016: 6065:

Footfalls for Hindi cinema fell to 189 million in 2022 from 341 million in 2019, 316 million in 2018 and 301 million in 2017, according to media consulting firm Ormax.

3117:, (literally "money's worth"). Songs, dances, love triangles, comedy and dare-devil thrills are combined in a three-hour show (with an intermission). These are called 11553: 4638:(2005), the first Indian film shot entirely in Australia, was the most successful Bollywood film of 2005 in that country. It was followed by the box-office successes 15589: 12829: 4044: 13551: 11755: 12855: 4962:. By the 1960s, East Africa was one of the largest overseas export markets for Indian films, accounting for about 20-50% of global earnings for many Indian films. 4914:

Bollywood films are not influential in most of South America, although its culture and dance is recognised. Due to significant South Asian diaspora communities in

6077: 2844:, was inspired by mainstream Hindi films and is considered an "homage to Hindi commercial cinema". It was also inspired by Mumbai-underworld crime films, such as 12425: 10724: 8782: 1702:

investigation which accused the corporation of not doing enough to encourage commercial cinema, the decade saw the rise of commercial cinema with films such as

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began the awards in 1954 (recognising the best films of 1953), and they were originally known as the Clare Awards after the magazine's editor. Modeled on the

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In 1955, the Bollywood Cine Costume Make-Up Artist & Hair Dressers' Association (CCMAA) ruled that female makeup artists were barred from membership. The

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Playback singers are featured in the opening credits, and have fans who will see an otherwise-lackluster film to hear their favourites. Notable singers are

2701: 14071: 12061: 11567: 9585: 2472:(1987). In recent times, accusations have been made against Bollywood of being anti-Hindu and promoting Urdu too much, to the extent of transforming into " 11545: 9559: 2689: 3652:

of film songs with modern rhythms is common, and producers may release remixed versions of some of their films' songs with the films' soundtrack albums.

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magazine. Her column entitled "On the Bollywood Beat" covered studio news and celebrity gossip. Other sources state that lyricist, filmmaker and scholar

13920: 11842: 6700: 5445:. (2003). Some Bollywood directors and writers used plots from regional language films in other languages but did not acknowledge the original source. 824:. However, colour did not become a popular feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were cinematic staples. 646:

producers continued making films on cliched, bad stories, and did not evolve with their audience. Consequently, big-budget Bollywood films ended up as

13854: 12210: 9735: 9239: 5389:(1991), respectively. Only after mid of 2000s Bollywood makers initiated legally purchasing copyrights of Hollywood and other foreign movies, such as 808:, a number of filmmakers tackled tough social issues or used the struggle for Indian independence as a backdrop for their films. Irani made the first 13887: 10842: 4774:

After the collapse of the Soviet film-distribution system, Hollywood filled the void in the Russian film market and Bollywood's market share shrank.

4576:

was China's highest-grossing foreign film of 2018 to date. Khan has become a household name in China, with his success described as a form of Indian

12087: 11930: 11909: 11230: 10502: 9018:

because most people read Hindi. But I write in Urdu. Not only me, I think most of the writers working in this so-called Hindi cinema write in Urdu:

7595: 2379:

as a major influence on Hindi cinema. Most of the screenwriters and scriptwriters of classic Hindi cinema came from Urdu literary backgrounds, from

10953: 10754: 8704: 8657: 7415: 7309: 5874: 5035:'s film industry) has also contributed to the declining popularity of Bollywood films, as sexualised Indian films became more like American films. 4705: 3127:, they are a mixture of action, comedy and romance; most have heroes who can fight off villains single-handedly. Bollywood plots have tended to be 11678: 7792: 7457: 7075: 6870: 5161:

Many Bollywood films have been commercially successful in the United Kingdom. The most successful Indian actor at the British box office has been

13497: 9896: 3871: 3561:(1931) song, "De De Khuda Ke Naam pay pyaare". Bollywood songs are generally pre-recorded by professional playback singers, with the actors then 3071: 1985: 13767: 13576: 11447: 15917: 14609: 14043: 13621: 10979: 10402: 9210: 8676: 4170:

due to its proximity to the Indian subcontinent and their cultural similarities, particularly in music. Popular actors include Shah Rukh Khan,

3959: 3259:

In Hindi films, scripts, dialogues and song lyrics might be written by different people. Earlier, scripts were usually written in an unadorned

1314:, Hindi films were frequently in competition for Cannes' top prize during the 1950s and early 1960s and some won major prizes at the festival. 13978: 10055: 8730: 7743: 6467: 5908: 2704:, has been profoundly impacted by Bollywood; this U.S. township has displayed one of the fastest growth rates of its Indian population in the 13297: 11342: 7865: 13661: 10805: 10021: 9586:"ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Monroe township, Middlesex County, New Jersey" 6295: 3565:

the words to the song on-screen (often while dancing). Although most actors are good dancers, few are also singers; a notable exception was

3202:

Very few non-Indian actors are able to make a mark in Hindi cinema, although many have tried. Since the early decades of the industry, many

2354:

were the most widely understood across northern India, and Hindustani became the standard language of early Indian talkies. Films based on "

1024:. The films explored social themes, primarily dealing with working-class life in India (particularly urban life) in the first two examples. 13265: 12786: 12452: 11385: 10660: 9487: 8700: 7430: 6926: 2805: 1768: 1318:, overlooked during his lifetime, received belated international recognition during the 1980s. Film critics polled by the British magazine 1051: 951: 11407: 11284: 8625: 15651: 11443: 9663: 6429: 4002: 891:

films. Many actors, filmmakers and musicians from the Lahore industry migrated to the Bombay industry during the 1940s, including actors

12809: 11970: 11780: 5339:

enforcement was lax in India, and few actors or directors saw an official contract. The Hindi film industry was not widely known in the

1258:

and the Indian New Wave (synonymous with parallel cinema). Internationally acclaimed Hindi filmmakers involved in the movement included

14011: 13829: 13204: 12909: 12664: 12309: 9691: 9512: 8869: 8844: 4881:

In Egypt, Bollywood films were popular during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1987, however, they were restricted to a handful of films by the

2244:

and gesture combine "to create a vibrant artistic unit with dance and mime being central to the dramatic experience." Matthew Jones of

1076:

about two brothers on opposite sides of the law (a theme which became common in Indian films during the 1970s). Some of the best-known

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s record for the highest-grossing opening weekend by an Indian film and cemented Khan's status as "a king of the Chinese box office";

15349: 14674: 13952: 11308: 9633: 4898:

was the first Hindi film to have a wide theatrical release in that country. Bollywood also has viewers in Central Asia (particularly

4432:. Hindi films declined significantly in popularity in China during the 1980s. Films by Aamir Khan have recently been successful, and 12732: 11620: 11525: 5350:

Many hit films of 1980s to 2000s was unofficial remakes (some argue, was adaptation or inspired movies) of Hollywood movies such as

3655:

Dancing in Bollywood films, especially older films, is modeled on Indian dance: classical dance, dances of north-Indian courtesans (

11819: 9014:

JA: I write dialogue in Urdu, but the action and descriptions are in English. Then an assistant transcribes the Urdu dialogue into

4069:, generations of non-Indians have grown up with Bollywood. Indian cinema's early contacts with other regions made inroads into the 4028: 2841: 1894: 1699: 1574:

The name "Bollywood" was coined during the 1970s, when the conventions of commercial Hindi films were defined. Key to this was the

14639: 14091: 13142: 12996: 11881: 15302: 10918: 8823: 8470:

And then I had forgotten that lndia leads the world in film production, with 833 motion pictures (up from 741 the previous year).

8233: 5708: 5307: 4534: 3546: 2647:. Salim-Javed and Bachchan's films dealt with urban poverty, corruption and organised crime; they were perceived by audiences as 15927: 12974: 9392:

Schulze, Brigitte (September 2002). "The Cinematic 'Discovery of India': Mehboob's Re-Invention of the Nation in Mother India".

6996: 6047: 958:). These events further consolidated the Bombay film industry's position as the preeminent center for film production in India. 539:

was its creator. It is unknown if it was derived from "Hollywood" through "Tollywood", or was inspired directly by "Hollywood".

17044: 15907: 15684: 14694: 12397: 11655: 5664: 3667:

sequence", with things happening which would not normally happen in the real world. Song and dance scenes were often filmed in

3475:

added later; this created synchronisation problems. Commercial Indian films are known for their lack of ambient sound, and the

2157:(2018), have been credited with redefining and modernising the masala film with a distinct brand of socially conscious cinema. 12714: 12491: 12149: 11469: 10641: 9817: 5312:

Pressured by rushed production schedules and small budgets, some writers and musicians in Hindi cinema have been notorious to

17532: 15646: 14625: 14476: 14433: 14308: 14283: 13703: 13475: 13392: 13365: 13338: 13248: 13181: 11055: 11015: 10569: 10447: 10372: 10122: 10105: 9852: 9800: 9757: 9450: 9346: 9127: 9007: 8964: 8898: 8720: 8583: 8552: 8376: 8269: 8142: 8043: 7827: 7725: 7599: 7561: 7399: 7293: 7242: 7211: 6979: 6880: 6544: 6253: 6218: 6197: 6173: 6146: 6121: 6030: 5999: 5972: 5488:

Although very few cases of film-copyright violations have been taken to court because of a slow legal process, the makers of

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said that "more than seventy-five per cent of films are made in Urdu" but were categorised as Hindi films by the government.

14035: 13024: 8437: 5255: 17283: 16617: 15579: 15297: 5703: 609: 12429: 12108: 11765: 2744:(2001), was inspired by Bollywood musicals; the film incorporated a Bollywood-style dance scene with a song from the film 17444: 17278: 15609: 14719: 14714: 14335:

region of the country, where Hindi cinema has less audience and their native language film industries are strong such as

13543: 7501: 3935: 3178: 2261:, which became popular around the 10th century with the decline of Sanskrit theater. Its regional traditions include the 17: 15327: 8517: 7624: 6775: 3934:

To release their film theatrically or online in the country, every film maker first apply for film certification to the

3671:

but, due to political unrest in Kashmir since the end of the 1980s, they have been shot in western Europe (particularly

765:. By the 1930s, the Indian film industry as a whole was producing over 200 films per year. The first Indian sound film, 17273: 16394: 13408: 12695: 12533: 7685: 4758: 4186:, and Madhuri Dixit. A number of Bollywood films were filmed in Afghanistan and some dealt with the country, including 4144: 3145:

films tended to be less popular at the box office. A large Indian diaspora in English-speaking countries and increased

29:

This article is about the Hindi film industry based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. For the entire film industry of India, see

12231:"Secret Superstar: Aamir Khan's film becomes second Indian movie to cross Rs 500 cr in China, next only to his Dangal" 11508:"Aamir Khan in China, Shah Rukh Khan in Germany – 7 Bollywood stars who have massive fan following in other countries" 10732: 10673: 9593: 8790: 14596: 14574: 14553: 14538: 14523: 14491: 14415: 14397: 14144: 12484:"Influence of Bollywood in Former Soviet Union; Why India and Russia Need to Target Bollywood Diplomacy and Business" 12248: 11719: 10265: 10031: 10008: 9563: 9543: 9315: 9194: 9088: 8497: 8352: 8309: 8176: 8104: 8074: 8012: 7970: 7175: 7144: 6813: 3450: 3031: 1325: 135: 4793:

was released in Russia that year and grossed over 10 million rubles in its first 25 days at the Russian box office.

4005:' poll-based merit format, individuals may vote in separate categories. A dual voting system was developed in 1956. 16795: 12643: 12625: 12289: 3947: 3903:

trailers, stills and information on the story, cast, and crew. Bollywood is also used to advertise other products.

3577:

were known as singers and actors, and some actors in the last thirty years have sung one or more songs themselves.

3048: 1834: 7928: 4889:

has remained popular in the country and Indian tourists visiting Egypt are asked, "Do you know Amitabh Bachchan?"

1946: 17557: 17321: 17298: 14709: 14704: 12028: 10699: 7516: 5932: 5384: 5294: 3845: 3186: 2684: 11571: 8348: 4866:, and imported Indian films are usually subtitled in Arabic when they are released. Bollywood has progressed in 4475:

distribution at the time). The pirate market introduced the film to Chinese audiences, however, and it became a

2254:, or "the emotions felt by the audience as a result of the actor's presentation", as crucial to Bollywood films. 1906:

has been the most successful Indian actor since the mid 2000s. Action and comedy films, starring such actors as

17388: 15639: 15619: 15424: 4541:

film worldwide, and the highest-grossing non-English foreign film in any market. Several Khan films, including

4277:(1997). Bollywood has had a strong presence in Indonesia since then, particularly Shah Rukh Khan films such as 4106:, where Hindustani is widely understood. Many Pakistanis understand Hindi, due to its linguistic similarity to 3432: 1837:

during the early 1990s. Early in the decade, the pendulum swung back toward family-centered romantic musicals.

1784: 7323:

Sharpe, Jenny (2005). "Gender, Nation, and Globalization in Monsoon Wedding and Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge".

5842: 2523:

until the 1990s. Bollywood action scenes emulated Hong Kong rather than Hollywood, emphasising acrobatics and

15342: 15292: 14699: 14667: 14300: 14269: 14115: 13930: 11956: 8914:

Matthew Jones (January 2010). "Bollywood, Rasa and Indian Cinema: Misconceptions, Meanings and Millionaire".

8134: 7364: 5009: 4013: 3916: 3428: 3286:. A number of the dominant early scriptwriters of Hindi cinema primarily wrote in Urdu; Salim-Javed wrote in 3263:, which would be understood by the largest possible audience. Post-Independence, Hindi films tended to use a 3174: 3170: 2496: 2295:. The Parsi plays contained crude humour, melodious songs and music, sensationalism and dazzling stagecraft." 1329: 630:

etc who became popular, Indian audience not only watched Hollywood movies on them but also lots of movies of

205: 3809:

Since overseas scenes are attractive at the box office, Mumbai film crews are filming in Australia, Canada,

3569:, who starred in several major films during the 1950s while having a rewarding career as a playback singer. 17552: 17393: 16579: 16496: 16466: 16420: 14729: 14250: 12936:"Living the spectacle: Why Egyptians worship Bollywood – Entertainment – Arts & Culture – Ahram Online" 10260: 5177: 4489: 4456: 3485:(2001) was filmed with sync sound, and several Bollywood films have recorded on-location sound since then. 3397:

because, in the industry, there is a perception that manual writing is the quickest way to create scripts.

2983: 2693: 2575: 967: 797: 10510: 5485:, "If you hide the source, you're a genius. There's no such thing as originality in the creative sphere". 16815: 16539: 15624: 15279: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 13622:"Is Bollywood Unlawfully Copying Hollywood? Why? What has Been Done About It? And How Can It Be Stopped?" 13422: 12269: 9838: 9589: 7603: 5989: 5882: 5738: 5732: 5409: 4806: 4784: 4766: 4285: 3190: 3132: 2676: 2298: 2009: 1855: 1607: 551:

echoed same sentiment, he said "Bollywood" is "very derogatory " term for Hindi cinema, veteran director

498: 370: 185: 14198:"How Guinean Singer Mory Kanté's Music Was Lifted To Create 'Tamma Tamma Loge' and 'Jumma Chumma De De'" 8696: 3773:

Bollywood films are multi-million dollar productions, with the most expensive productions costing up to

1469:

themes and those involving urban poverty, corruption and crime. Their "angry young man", personified by

17547: 17406: 17383: 17293: 17037: 16975: 16584: 16501: 16425: 15677: 15634: 15614: 14100: 11687: 11238: 11161: 9931: 9467:"Baahubali 2, Dangal's overseas box office success is a testimony to Indian film industry's soft power" 9338: 9307: 4892:

Bollywood movies are regularly screened in Dubai cinemas, and Bollywood is becoming popular in Turkey;

3958:

etc. are some top multiplexes chains in India, which have cinemas across the nation and exhibit films.

3817:

and elsewhere. Indian producers have also obtained funding for big-budget films shot in India, such as

3166: 2724: 2554: 2127: 1461:

climate of 1970s India and channeling mass discontent, disillusionment and the unprecedented growth of

601: 564:

is Korean cinema, French cinema, Italian cinema... why not Indian cinema?" Noted South Indian director

37: 9904: 7796: 1943:

by the end of the decade. The films featured actors whose performances were often praised by critics.

938:, which bore the brunt of the partition violence. This included actors, filmmakers and musicians from 656:(2015) released, many South Indian films emerged as hits throughout India and film industries such as 526:

article by Wilford E. Deming, an American engineer who helped produce the first Indian sound picture.

16960: 16739: 16652: 16226: 13573: 12457: 12329:"Irrfan Khan's Hindi Medium BEATS the first day collections of Dangal and Bajrangi Bhaijaan in China" 9434: 8575: 8544: 4581: 4385: 4297: 3850: 3230:) for their tendency to work with actors who are from their social circles. Moreover, the problem of 3182: 1764: 1311: 10412: 9560:"Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data" 8606: 7040:

what Shyam Benegal called alienating and orientalist cinema to movies that could "deal with reality"

6720:"5 blockbusters, 2 hits, 39 flops! Was 2022 the worst year in the history of Bollywood? - #BigStory" 6500: 5810:"5 blockbusters, 2 hits, 39 flops! Was 2022 the worst year in the history of Bollywood? - #BigStory" 3234:

has been mentioned in reference to the Hindi film industry, and received stronger notice during the

1921:

and independent films, some of which were commercially successful. The most influential example was

386: 382: 17101: 15335: 14660: 14275: 13988: 13598: 12702: 12571: 12558: 12540: 12518: 12195: 11847: 11104: 10146: 10065: 10000: 6505: 6477: 6361: 5918: 5847: 5199: 4979: 3825: 3360: 2874: 2864: 2837: 2810: 2457: 583: 522: 13305: 9442: 7875: 5316:. Ideas, plot lines, tunes or riffs have been copied from other Indian film industries (including 17462: 17337: 16832: 12791: 12769:"Return of 'Raj Kapoor Age' of Indian Cinema in Russia? Explained As Film Pushpa Rises in Nation" 9517: 9215: 8999: 8756: 7717: 5007:

audiences. Several Bollywood figures have travelled to Africa for films and off-camera projects.

4779: 4664:

that he wanted to encourage Indian filmmaking in Australia to increase tourism, and he appointed

4353: 4223: 3739: 3421: 2889: 2720: 1418: 1245: 858: 13593: 13275: 13170:

Viewing African Cinema in the Twenty-First Century: Art Films and the Nollywood Video Revolution

10141: 6934: 3995:

are some of the most prominent awards given to Hindi films in India. The Indian screen magazine

1492:). Salim-Javed's writing and Amitabh Bachchan's acting popularised the trend with films such as 17342: 17209: 17186: 17138: 16909: 16379: 16279: 16251: 16193: 15953: 15846: 12215: 11417: 11281: 11185: 11047: 10364: 8228: 6646: 6022: 6016: 5720: 5629: 5352: 5151: 4824: 4378: 3858: 3691: 3501: 2932: 2746: 2603: 2407:. Most of Hindi cinema's classic scriptwriters wrote primarily in Urdu, including Salim-Javed, 2245: 2241: 2237: 1827: 1822: 1174: 502: 13695: 13165: 12697:

Moscow Prime Time: How the Soviet Union Built the Media Empire that Lost the Cultural Cold War

12590: 12535:

Moscow Prime Time: How the Soviet Union Built the Media Empire that Lost the Cultural Cold War

11705: 10095: 9431:

The Politics of Hindi Cinema in the New Millennium: Bollywood and the Anglophone Indian Nation

9332: 9301: 9113: 8569: 8538: 8029: 7580: 7547: 7228: 7197: 7161: 7130: 6439: 6111: 5638:(1991). The latter also featured "Ek Doosre Se", which copied Kanté's "Inch Allah". His song " 5481:

and also their attitude. The American way of life is creeping into our culture." According to

1220:, it also began gaining prominence in Hindi cinema. Early examples of parallel cinema include 17542: 17496: 17368: 17305: 17030: 16970: 16927: 16820: 16765: 16744: 16727: 16642: 16259: 16074: 16059: 16009: 16004: 15800: 15670: 15414: 15389: 14403: 14348: 14130: 13467: 13461: 13240: 13234: 13173: 11980: 11792: 11593: 9790: 9180: 8950: 8295: 8162: 8128: 8060: 7998: 7711: 6536: 6208: 6187: 6161: 6136: 5964: 5958: 5743: 5644: 5639: 5547: 5518: 5426: 5004: 4723: 3802:(2006), have employed international technicians such as Hong Kong-based action choreographer 2468: 2003: 1233: 1217: 872: 871:

of northern and central India. Another centre of Hindustani-language film production was the

631: 517: 378: 195: 170: 17363: 13208: 12674: 12612:"A Taste for Indian Films: Negotiating Cultural Boundaries in Post-Stalinist Soviet Society" 11735: 11039: 9944: 9701: 5193:(1998) was the first Indian film to enter the UK top ten. A number of Indian films, such as 4932:. In January 2012, it was announced that UTV Motion Pictures would begin releasing films in 3787:

1.35 billion (about $ 27 million), making it the most expensive Bollywood film of all time.

1417:) was a paradigm shift, revitalising the industry. They began the genre of gritty, violent, 1254:(1953). Their critical acclaim and the latter's commercial success paved the way for Indian 17236: 17204: 17116: 17086: 16785: 16734: 16667: 16647: 16307: 16284: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16069: 16039: 15851: 15785: 15409: 14497: 14336: 14136: 13076: 11934: 11877: 11740: 9641: 7844:"2002 Sight & Sound Top Films Survey of 253 International Critics & Film Directors" 7647: 5698: 5288: 5278:

and the United States, particularly in the South Asian communities of large cities such as

4012:

were also introduced in 1954. The Indian government has sponsored the awards, given by its

4009: 3601: 3468: 2951: 2323: 2051: 2015: 1989: 190: 13047: 11624: 11312: 9728:"Amitabh Bachchan starrer 'Deewar' was remade in Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam – and Cantonese" 9056:. So most dialogue-writers and most song-writers are from the Urdu discipline, even today. 8418:"Amitabh Bachchan Hindi film industry's most expensive star, Hema Malini tops among women" 5425:(1994), respectively. Not only Hollywood but allegedly Bollywood makers copied films from 3206:

actresses debuted in the Bombay industry and became mainstream Bollywood stars, including

930:, which precipitated the migration of filmmaking talent from film production centres like 831:

Number of Hindi movies released since 1930. A rapid expansion was seen from the mid-1940s.

8: 17537: 17161: 17121: 17096: 17069: 16917: 16895: 16840: 16564: 16369: 16294: 16231: 16211: 16183: 16139: 15989: 15790: 15519: 15444: 15357: 14340: 12750: 12736: 11865: 9874: 9869: 9762: 9023: 7767: 7553: 5758: 5753: 5688: 5571: 5490: 5391: 5015: 4882: 4765:

The popularity of Bollywood in the CIS dates back to the Soviet days when the films from

4511: 4408: 4273: 4206: 3803: 3260: 3035:, which was nominated for Best Contemporary World Music Album at the 2006 Grammy Awards. 2975: 2858: 2832: 2791: 2780: 2756: 2628: 2532: 2412: 2193: 1849: 1504:

which pitted "a policeman against his brother, a gang leader based on real-life smuggler

1423: 1162: 862: 820: 776: 460: 402: 300: 225: 13517: 12167: 10780: 6680: 3517:

Group of Bollywood singers at the 2015 Indian Singers' Rights Association (ISRA) meeting

1984:

The 2000s saw increased Bollywood recognition worldwide due to growing (and prospering)

1480:

By the mid-1970s, romantic confections had given way to gritty, violent crime films and

17064: 16885: 16870: 16860: 16674: 16657: 16589: 16508: 16461: 16236: 16221: 16206: 16171: 16031: 16016: 15943: 15902: 15825: 15810: 15775: 15765: 15629: 14565: 13001: 12883: 12860: 12814: 12369: 12172: 12062:"'Dangal' Tops $ 300 Million, Becoming The 5th Highest-Grossing Non-English Movie Ever" 11950: 11412: 11355: 11143: 11077: 10923: 10837: 10357: 9492: 9411: 9366: 8931: 8645:

After Aamir, SRK, Salman, why Bollywood's next male superstar may need a decade to rise

7905: 7521: 7409: 7340: 7303: 6842: 6407: 6350: 6300: 5649: 5577: 5508: 5473: 5441: 5403: 5183: 4751: 4719: 4529: 4443: 4429: 4267: 4124: 3703: 3699: 3489: 3472: 3334: 3322:). According to Javed Akhtar in 1996, despite the loss of Urdu in Indian society, Urdu 2944: 2902: 2705: 2683:, beggars, sacred cows, corrupt politicians, and catastrophes before Bollywood and the 2648: 2583: 2432: 2400: 2380: 2214: 2147: 1998: 1898: 1878: 1873: 1794: 1618: 1466: 1391:, revolutionized Indian cinema in the 1970s and are considered Hindi cinema's greatest 1229: 1194: 1007: 955: 838: 801: 741: 620: 441: 12910:"Bollywood craze grows ever stronger with audiences in the Middle East | The National" 11126:

O'Neill, Patricia (2013). "Imagining global India: Bollywood's transnational appeal".

10864: 4804:

has a large following. He was introduced to Polish audiences with the 2005 release of

2734:

in the Western world and was instrumental role in reviving the American musical film.

17265: 17166: 17156: 16890: 16879: 16865: 16845: 16805: 16722: 16712: 16707: 16689: 16622: 16612: 16554: 16549: 16544: 16534: 16529: 16513: 16486: 16476: 16471: 16456: 16359: 16322: 16312: 16302: 16241: 15976: 15948: 15876: 15871: 15861: 15795: 15770: 15749: 15744: 15729: 15524: 15489: 14621: 14613: 14592: 14570: 14549: 14534: 14519: 14487: 14472: 14429: 14411: 14393: 14304: 14279: 14265: 14140: 14109: 14065: 14048: 14039: 13862: 13800: 13699: 13688: 13471: 13388: 13361: 13334: 13244: 13177: 12134: 11760: 11715: 11147: 11051: 11040: 11011: 10629: 10565: 10443: 10368: 10101: 10027: 10004: 9848: 9796: 9539: 9446: 9342: 9311: 9247: 9190: 9123: 9084: 9003: 8960: 8935: 8894: 8725: 8579: 8548: 8493: 8372: 8305: 8265: 8172: 8138: 8100: 8070: 8039: 8008: 7966: 7823: 7721: 7557: 7395: 7344: 7289: 7238: 7207: 7171: 7140: 7029:

Mishra, Vijay (January 1992). "Decentering History: Some Versions of Bombay Cinema".

6975: 6876: 6809: 6727: 6597: 6540: 6529: 6411: 6399: 6380:"The 'Bollywoodization' of the Indian Cinema: Cultural Nationalism in a Global Arena" 6354: 6342: 6249: 6214: 6193: 6169: 6142: 6117: 6026: 5995: 5968: 5791: 5693: 5566: 5461: 5375: 5263: 4838: 4590: 4391: 3943: 3904: 3731: 3570: 3542: 3110:

Indian audiences expect value for money, and a good film is generally referred to as

3067: 2884: 2852: 2768: 2571: 2516: 2492: 2456:

of detective novels; they inspired, for example, famous Bollywood characters such as

2396: 2250: 2206: 2175: 2163: 1939:

noir: urban films reflecting the city's social problems. This led to a resurgence of

1923: 1652: 1557: 1485: 1046: 923: 896: 880: 711: 531: 305: 270: 66: 17415: 15564: 13768:"Players to Bang Bang, Bollywood Films That Are Official Remakes of Hollywood Films" 5169:

communities played a key role in introducing Bollywood to the UK with films such as

4870:

since the early 2000s, with channels dedicated to Indian films on cable television;

2727:

in official coordination with Monroe Township, as well as actors with second homes.

54: 17420: 17358: 17288: 17199: 17151: 17111: 17079: 16850: 16810: 16778: 16773: 16717: 16662: 16637: 16627: 16574: 16569: 16559: 16491: 16481: 16441: 16415: 16389: 16354: 16349: 16337: 16317: 16129: 16114: 16044: 16021: 15897: 15820: 15815: 15714: 15509: 15484: 14741: 14724: 13521: 13111: 11479: 11135: 10610: 10329:"From nonsensical to sublime, Majrooh Sultanpuri still defines Bollywood frontiers" 9767: 9438: 9403: 9394: 9031: 8923: 8035: 7332: 6391: 6334: 6052: 5530: 5513: 5455: 5325: 5244: 5042: 4938: 4886: 4789: 4701: 4557: 4538: 4504: 4361:). The latter sparked a two-year boom in Indian films after its 1997 release, with 4258: 3980: 3557:(from the Hindi "of films"). Bollywood songs were introduced with Ardeshir Irani's 3530: 3355: 3311: 3283: 3154: 3054:) has frequently been sampled by other musicians, including the Singaporean artist 3003: 2955: 2936: 2928: 2893: 2671:

for India, increasing its influence and changing overseas perceptions of India. In

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Dadasaheb Phalke is considered the father of Indian cinema, including Hindi cinema.

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Behind The Scenes Of Hindi Cinema: A Visual Journey Through The Heart Of Bollywood

12211:"China Box Office: Bollywood's 'Secret Superstar' Beats 'Ferdinand' and 'Jumanji'" 10887: 10126: 9615: 8540:

Haunting Bollywood: Gender, Genre, and the Supernatural in Hindi Commercial Cinema

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Funding for Bollywood films often comes from private distributors and a few large

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speakers, but the use of the latter has declined over years. Some films have used

2906:(1977) also resemble the heroic-bloodshed genre of 1980s Hong Kong action cinema. 2483:

Todd Stadtman identifies several foreign influences on 1970s commercial Bollywood

1208:

While commercial Hindi cinema was thriving, the 1950s also saw the emergence of a

17228: 17194: 17171: 16932: 16855: 16800: 16679: 16632: 16594: 16399: 16384: 16374: 16201: 16166: 16144: 16104: 16089: 16084: 16064: 16054: 16049: 15999: 15994: 15984: 15922: 15866: 15856: 15841: 15805: 15780: 15739: 15734: 15704: 15529: 15469: 15454: 15434: 15429: 15399: 15394: 15379: 15365: 15314: 14294: 14261: 14165: 13580: 13444: 13382: 13355: 13328: 12611: 12552: 12512: 12310:"Headlines from China: Tencent Acquires Stake in Hollywood Studio Skydance Media" 12294: 11711: 11530: 11288: 11139: 11005: 10649: 10559: 10295: 10280: 10213: 9997:

Suburban Sahibs: Three Immigrant Families And Their Passage from India to America

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with Indonesia, and Bollywood films were introduced to the country at the end of

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of popular cultural performance across northern India and established in popular

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Agarwal, Bhumika (August 2013). "IPTA's Contribution in Awakening Nationalism".

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and several other Bollywood films, was eager to expand her career in Bollywood.

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nomination. The film was also a critical and commercial success in South Korea.

3648:(male). Composers of film music, known as music directors, are also well-known. 1721:

By 1983, the Bombay film industry was generating an estimated annual revenue of

1633:

Both genres (masala and violent-crime films) are represented by the blockbuster

1141:, inspired future generations of Indian actors. Much like Brando's influence on 1090:(1960). Other acclaimed mainstream Hindi filmmakers during this period included 17373: 17074: 16965: 16955: 16922: 16875: 16790: 16684: 16364: 16332: 16327: 16216: 16134: 16124: 16109: 16099: 15967: 15912: 15881: 15534: 15514: 15504: 15494: 15474: 15464: 15449: 15309: 14559: 14352: 14344: 14233: 14202: 12629: 12113: 12092: 10299: 10174: 9164: 8198:"Deewaar was the perfect script: Amitabh Bachchan on 42 years of the cult film" 7259: 6684: 6210:

The Cinematic ImagiNation [sic]: Indian Popular Films as Social History

5415: 5344: 5283: 5259: 5162: 5133: 5111: 5110:. It was subtitled in 17 languages and released in 28 countries, including the 4955: 4929: 4801: 4693: 4652: 4646: 4634: 4629: 4487:

is China's 12th-most-popular film of all time; only one domestic Chinese film (

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During the 2010s, the industry saw established stars such as making big-budget

1994: 1973: 1957: 1935:. Its critical and commercial success led to the emergence of a genre known as 1932: 1886: 1790: 1760: 1755: 1656: 1623: 1545: 1454: 1250: 1213: 1202: 1186: 1158: 1142: 916: 827: 766: 665: 416:

The most popular commercial genre in Hindi cinema since the 1970s has been the

315: 295: 285: 275: 255: 245: 230: 13793:"Before 'Laal Singh Chaddha', 5 Aamir Khan movies that were Hollywood remakes" 10615: 10598: 9925: 8927: 7487: 6379: 4367:(1998) a beneficiary of the boom. The highest-grossing Hindi film in Japan is 2001:

were the producers of new modern films. Some popular films of the decade were

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Known since the 1990s as "New Bollywood", contemporary Bollywood is linked to

1639:(1975), written by Salim-Javed and starring Amitabh Bachchan. It combined the 17526: 17246: 17106: 16342: 16154: 16119: 15549: 15539: 15499: 15479: 15384: 14385: 13866: 13804: 12647: 12576: 11686:. Senri Ethnological Studies, Reitaku University. p. 246. Archived from 11680:

Asia to Watch, Asia to Present: The Promotion of Asian/Indian Cinema in Japan

11474: 10194: 9972:"Indian music by contemporary Asian rappers and rockers is storming the West" 9844: 9251: 9186: 9080: 9040: 9035: 8874: 8489: 8301: 8168: 8066: 7962: 6731: 6665: 6601: 6403: 6346: 6338: 5787:"South Indian films outshine others in 2022, may maintain trend in 2023: CII" 5370: 5364: 5317: 5166: 5155: 5115: 5089: 5038: 4993: 4871: 4714: 4403: 4291: 4194: 4179: 4140: 4112: 4020: 3837: 3758: 3707: 3683: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3566: 3538: 3513: 3306:

noted a number of top Urdu writers for preserving the language through film.

3251: 3231: 3098: 3083: 2916: 2785: 2740: 2618:. In classic 1970s Bollywood films, Bombay underworld crime films written by 2598: 2593: 2515:(1975) and other Bollywood films incorporated fight scenes inspired by 1970s 2488: 2445: 2420: 2335: 2314: 2288: 2274: 2109: 2033: 1675: 1667: 1660: 1603: 1525: 1521: 1341:

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the industry was dominated by musical

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In 1897, a film presentation by Professor Stevenson featured a stage show at

678: 657: 579: 552: 544: 393: 374: 330: 320: 280: 260: 165: 14443:(Reaktion Books, distributed by University of Chicago Press; 2014) 295 pages 10387:

Desai, Jigna, Dudrah, Rajinder, Rai, Amit, "Bollywood Audiences Editorial",

7675: 5956: 5607: 4333:. Several Hindi films have been commercially successful in Japan, including 17432: 17241: 17010: 16149: 16079: 15693: 15544: 15459: 15419: 14390:

Fantasies of a Bollywood Love-Thief: Inside the World of Indian Moviemaking

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have said that "more than seventy-five per cent of films are made in Urdu."

9109: 9052: 8989: 6907: 6780: 6753: 6704: 5619: 5502: 5500:(2005) were targeted by the owners and distributors of the original films: 5496: 5482: 5450: 5435: 5421: 5340: 5329: 5321: 5234: 5147: 5138: 5099: 5066: 5000: 4975: 4966: 4818: 4747: 4734: 4709: 4697: 4685: 4669: 4600: 4451: 4420: 4334: 4254: 4183: 4160: 4070: 3968: 3955: 3887: 3854:

after the film was found to be funded by members of the Mumbai underworld.

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salsa, pop and hip hop have influenced the music heard in Bollywood films.

3534: 3343: 3319: 3247: 3128: 3040: 3022: 2979: 2776: 2735: 2731: 2712: 2680: 2566: 2561: 2450: 2372: 2368: 2097: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1907: 1687: 1599: 1587: 1537: 1529: 1439: 1434: 1414: 1402: 1392: 1388: 1342: 1279: 1239: 1182: 1138: 1122: 1091: 1040: 1035: 1017: 892: 793: 746: 661: 605: 548: 445: 429: 397: 325: 240: 200: 17479: 12130:"How Aamir Khan's Secret Superstar beat 'Star Wars' at China's Box Office" 10238: 9182: