448:, it is crucial that breakdowns are really understood. One of the basic analysis techniques is to use high-speed cameras in order to characterize events which happen too fast to see, e.g. during production. Similar to use in science, with a pre- or post-triggering capability the camera can simply record continuously as the mechanic waits for the breakdown to happen, following which a trigger signal (internal or external) will stop the recording and allow the investigator to save a given time interval prior to the trigger (determined by frame rate, image size, and memory capacity during continuous recording). Some software allows viewing the issues in real time, by displaying only a subset of recorded frames, minimizing file size and watch time issues by eliminating useless frames before or after the sequence of interest.
413:
animal to perform the behavior in the short time before the film runs out, resulting in many useless sequences where the animal behaves too late or not at all. In modern digital high-speed cameras, the camera can simply record continuously as the investigator attempts to elicit the behavior, following which a trigger button will stop the recording and allow the investigator to save a given time interval before and after the trigger (determined by frame rate, image size and memory capacity during continuous recording). Most software allows saving a subset of recorded frames, minimizing file size issues by eliminating useless frames before or after the sequence of interest. Such triggering can also be used to synchronize recording across multiple cameras.
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Technologically these cameras are very advanced, yet saving images requires use of slower standard video-computer interfaces. While recording is very fast, saving images is considerably slower. To reduce the storage space required and the time required for people to examine a recording, only the parts of an action which are of interest or relevance can be selected to film. When recording a cyclical process for industrial breakdown analysis, only the relevant part of each cycle is filmed.
240:, thus reducing the need for stopping and starting the film behind a shutter which would tear the film stock at such speeds. Using this technique one second of action can be stretched to more than ten minutes of playback time (super slow motion). High-speed video cameras are widely used for scientific research, military test and evaluation, and industry. Examples of industrial applications are filming a manufacturing line to better tune the machine, or in the car industry filming a
464:, a physicist for the U.S. Army at Aberdeen Proving ground, invented a super high-speed camera that took frames at one-millionth of a second, and was fast enough to record the shock wave of a small explosion. High Speed digital cameras have been used to study how mines dropped from the air will deploy in near-shore regions, including development of various weapon systems. In 2005 high speed digital cameras with 4 megapixel resolution, recording at 1500
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1212:. By using high speed digital cameras to record and playback the images in slow motion, the trajectory of a mine entering into the water can be optimized for accuracy by adjusting the shape of the mine and the entry angle into the water. There are many instances of high speed digital cameras used to study firearm ballistics
288:
often use high-speed cameras to show their tests in slow motion. Saving the recorded high-speed images can be time-consuming because as of 2017, consumer cameras have resolutions up to four megapixels with frame rates of over 1,000 per second which will record at a rate of 11 gigabytes per second.
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The move from film to digital technology has greatly reduced the difficulty in use of these technologies with unpredictable behaviors, specifically via the use of continuous recording and post-triggering. With film high-speed cameras, an investigator must start the film then attempt to entice the
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High-speed video cameras are used to augment other industrial technologies such as x-ray radiography. When used with the proper phosphor screen which converts x-rays into visible light, high-speed cameras can be used to capture high-speed x-ray videos of events inside mechanical devices and
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The explosion of alkali metals on contact with water has been studied using a high-speed camera. Frame-by-frame analysis of a sodium/potassium alloy exploding in water, combined with molecular dynamic simulations, suggested that the initial expansion may be the result of a
452:
biological specimens. The imaging speed is mainly limited by the phosphor screen decay rate and intensity gain which has a direct relationship on the camera's exposure. Pulsed x-ray sources limit frame rate and should be properly synchronized with camera frame captures.
300:, sometimes leading to the subject of examination being destroyed because of the heat of the lighting. Monochromatic (black and white) filming is sometimes used to reduce the light intensity required. Even higher speed imaging is possible using specialized electronic
258:
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Mason, Philip E.; Uhlig, Frank; Vaněk, Václav; Buttersack, Tillmann; Bauerecker, Sigurd; Jungwirth, Pavel (2015-03-01). "Coulomb explosion during the early stages of the reaction of alkali metals with water".
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A high-speed framing camera which records images on multiple image planes or multiple locations on the same image plane (generally film or a network of CCD cameras),
155:. It is used for recording fast-moving objects as photographic images onto a storage medium. After recording, the images stored on the medium can be played back in
856:
Velten, Andreas; Di Wu; Adrian Jarabo; Belen Masia; Christopher Barsi; Chinmaya Joshi; Everett Lawson; Moungi
Bawendi; Diego Gutierrez; Ramesh Raskar (July 2013).
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308:. These cameras, however, still use rotating mirrors, like their older film counterparts. Solid state cameras can achieve speeds of up to 10 million
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312:. All development in high-speed cameras is now focused on digital video cameras which have many operational and cost benefits over film cameras.
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468:, were replacing the 35mm and 70mm high speed film cameras used on tracking mounts on test ranges that capture ballistic intercepts.
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High-speed cameras are frequently used in science in order to characterize events which happen too fast for traditional film speeds.
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was centered around the use of high-speed cameras to slow things down that are usually too fast to see with the naked eye.
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measuring instrumentation and sensors which can map the propagation of lightning leaders through the detection of
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Ros, Ivo G.; Bassman, Lori C.; Badger, Marc A.; Pierson, Alyssa N.; Biewener, Andrew A. (2011-12-13).
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252:. Today, the digital high-speed camera has replaced the film camera used for Vehicle Impact Testing.
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of the resulting sequences from one or more cameras to characterize the motion in either 2-D or 3-D.
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A high-speed streak camera which records a series of line-sized images to film or electronic memory.
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Velten, Andreas; Lawson, Everett; Bardagjy, Andrew; Bawendi, Moungi; Raskar, Ramesh (2011-12-13).
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to record the high-speed events, but have been superseded by entirely electronic devices using an
704:. Seventh International Symposium on Technology and Mine Problem, NPS, Monterey, California, USA.
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Journal of the
Society of Motion Picture Engineers: High-Speed Photography, Preface p.5, Mar 1949
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video of an intermediate ballistic event of a shotshell cartridge. Nathan Boor, Aimed
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Balch, Kris S. (16 September 1990). "Fourth-generation motion analyzer".
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A high-speed video camera which records to electronic memory,
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High-speed photography § High-speed film cameras
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is a device capable of capturing moving images with
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Work supported by research grants in 2009 and 2010.
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938:"Quantifying the Landing Reaction of Cockroaches"
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1250:. Military & Aerospace Electronics magazine
971:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
637:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
292:A problem for high-speed cameras is the needed
195:A high-speed film camera which records to film,
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496:(Vision Research's Phantom High-Speed Cameras)
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191:A high-speed camera can be classified as:
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115:Learn how and when to remove this message
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699:"Non-Cylindrical Mine Drop Experiment"
490:(Photron's FASTCAM High-speed Cameras)
1179:"Super Speed Camera Films Shock Wave"
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945:University of Applied Sciences Bremen
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216:, while television uses 25 frames/s (
1038:. Vol. 1358. pp. 373–398.
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228:by running the film over a rotating
53:adding citations to reliable sources
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244:to investigate the effect on the
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697:Chu, Dr. Peter C. (4 May 2006).
335:which are then deflected onto a
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500:Mikrotron (high-speed cameras)
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580:"High-Speed Camera Tutorials"
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865:ACM Transactions on Graphics
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436:generated by this process.
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212:film is played back at 24
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1276:Film and video technology
810:ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Posters
515:Burst mode (photography)
401:in fish, the strikes of
1184:, October 1950, p. 158.
992:10.1073/pnas.1107519108
877:10.1145/2461912.2461928
818:10.1145/2037715.2037730
658:10.1073/pnas.0910778107
594:Chen, Xianfeng (2012).
494:Vision Research Phantom
505:High-speed photography
446:predictive maintenance
397:by frogs and insects,
367:television productions
270:
780:"Hyper Vision HPV-X2"
302:charge-coupled device
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220:) or 29.97 frames/s (
169:charge-coupled device
592:scientific research
49:improve this article
1227:on 22 December 2013
1102:2015NatCh...7..250M
983:2011PNAS..10819990R
977:(50): 19990–19995.
649:2010PNAS..107.5495A
626:scientific research
428:when combined with
331:) into a stream of
248:passengers and the
236:instead of using a
173:active pixel sensor
64:"High-speed camera"
1291:High-speed cameras
1195:Chu, Dr. Peter C.
1193:weapon development
1110:10.1038/nchem.2161
936:Kesel, Antonia B.
718:. Quality Magazine
343:Uses in television
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1182:Popular Mechanics
643:(12): 5495–5499.
613:10.3390/en5104132
606:(10): 4132–4146.
510:Rapatronic camera
419:Coulomb explosion
325:femto-photography
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1252:. Retrieved
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47:Please help
42:verification
39:
1286:Slow motion
1231:18 February
1150:8 September
1144:ZT Research
1140:"Education"
950:15 December
900:21 November
722:January 23,
483:Slow motion
434:radio waves
371:slow motion
351:MythBusters
317:picoseconds
279:MythBusters
246:crash dummy
157:slow motion
1270:Categories
841:2012-10-04
754:2010-03-07
682:2 February
565:2010-03-07
526:References
337:photoanode
250:automobile
242:crash test
75:newspapers
19:See also:
1118:1755-4330
1072:ignored (
1062:cite book
1001:0027-8424
921:8 October
426:lightning
359:Time Warp
348:The show
333:electrons
285:Time Warp
267:Schlieren
208:A normal
133:exposures
1254:1 August
1126:25698335
1019:22123982
895:14478222
677:20212130
600:Energies
472:See also
460:In 1950
380:matches.
294:exposure
276:such as
187:Overview
167:(e.g. a
1098:Bibcode
1010:3250151
979:Bibcode
836:9641010
668:2851764
645:Bibcode
488:Photron
395:jumping
378:Cricket
329:photons
238:shutter
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871:(4).
861:(PDF)
832:S2CID
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633:(PDF)
559:(PDF)
552:(PDF)
230:prism
179:onto
146:1 000
96:JSTOR
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