Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor

1400: 1891:, as Herman's successor. Henry of France, so long eyeing Lorraine greedily, met for a third time with the emperor at Ivois in May 1056. The French king, not renowned for his tactical or strategic prowess, but admirable for his personal valour on the field, had a heated debate with the German king and challenged him to single combat. Henry fled at night from this meeting. Once in Germany again, Godfrey made his final peace, and Henry went to the northeast to deal with a Slav uprising after the death of William of Meissen. He fell ill on the way and took to bed. He freed Beatrice and Matilda and had those with him 974: 51: 1104: 1796: 1253: 1918:. Henry had been one of the most powerful of the Holy Roman Emperors. His authority as king in Burgundy, Germany and Italy was only rarely questioned, his power over the church was at the root of what the reformers he sponsored later fought against in his son, and his achievement in binding to the empire her tributaries was clear. Nevertheless, his reign is often pronounced a failure in that he apparently left problems far beyond the capacities of his successors to handle. The 395: 4054: 4701: 1261: 896: 1804: 1092: 557:. They took up arms against the King in the second half of 1025, but he forced most of them into submission before the end of the year. Ernest asked his mother Gisela to mediate a reconciliation and she convinced the eight-year-old Henry also to intervene on Ernest's behalf in early 1026. Ernest had to promise to provide military assistance to Conrad to achieve a pardon. 1783:, however, successfully resisted the depredations of Cuno and the raids of the king of Hungary. Henry could thus direct his attention elsewhere than rebellions for once. He returned to Goslar, the city where his son had been born and which he had raised to imperial and ecclesiastic grandeur with his palace and church reforms. He passed Christmas there and appointed 1232:). After he had taken a number of castles, lack of supplies forced him to leave. He garrisoned the ducal castles and cities to prevent any incursions by Godfrey and left for Burgundy. Godfrey had stirred up rebellions in Burgundy by creating conflicts between the imperialist faction and the domestic royal faction, which supported an independent Burgundy. Louis, 795: 1182:, Gothelo I's eldest son who had already been installed as duke of Upper Lorraine. Henry claimed that Gothelo I's deathbed wish was to bequeath both sons with a share of the estate. Godfrey, who had been a faithful servant of Henry, eventually rose in rebellion. Henry attempted to reconcile the brothers at 969:

and fled to Germany, where Henry welcomed him despite their former enmity. Bretislav was now deprived of his former ally, upon which Henry prepared another campaign into Bohemia. On 15 August, almost exactly one year after his last expedition he set out once more, was victorious and signed a peace

661:

troops and invaded Hungary in June 1030. Insufficient supplies forced him to return and the Hungarians attacked and beat his army at Vienna. Conrad left Bavaria, assigning the task to deal with the Hungarians to the twelve-year-old Henry. Egilbert of Freising started negotiations with Stephen I of

1879:

Henry entered a Germany in turmoil. A staunch ally against Cuno in Bavaria, Gebhard of Regensburg, was implicated in a plot against the king along with Cuno and Welf of Carinthia. Sources diverge here: some claim only that the retainers of the princes plotted the undoing of the king. Whatever the

1719:

without success, as the Hungarians sank his supply ships on the Danube river. Henry was unable to continue his campaign and in fact never tried again. Henry did send a Swabian army to assist Leo in Italy, but he recalled it quickly. At Christmas 1052, Cuno of Bavaria was summoned to Merseburg and

1695:

of England, whose enemies Baldwin had harboured, Baldwin of Flanders was harassed by sea and unable to escape the onslaught of the imperial army. At Cologne, the pope excommunicated Godfrey and Baldwin. The former abandoned his allies and was imprisoned by the emperor again. Baldwin also gave in

1053:

Gisela, Henry's mother, died in March 1043. She was solemnly buried in Speyer. The king appeared barefoot, in tears, and penitent robe at the funeral, his arms crossed, threw himself on the ground in front of the crowd and moved everyone to tears. With Henry's emulation of Christian humble

490:, this led to years of conflict from which he emerged victorious. Another sphere of defiance formed in southern Germany from 1052 to 1055. Henry III died, aged only 39. Modern historians, however, identify the final years of his reign as the beginning of a crisis in the Salian monarchy. 1922:

was largely the result of his church politics, though his popemaking gave the Roman diocese to the reform party. He united all the great duchies save Saxony to himself at one point or another but gave them all away. His most enduring and concrete monument may be the impressive palace

572:, with Henry's guardianship. Historian Stefan Weinfurter states that Bruno, who was Emperor Henry II's brother, was "particularly well-suited to impart regal concepts and imperial traditions" to his ward. Bruno accompanied Henry to Rome where they attended Conrad's 1740:, born 11 November 1050, was elected king of Germany. Andrew of Hungary almost made peace, but Cuno convinced him otherwise. Henry appointed his young son duke of Bavaria and went to deal with the ongoing insurrection. Henry sent another army to assist Leo in the 950:. Only after the release of a large number of Bohemian hostages, including Bretislav's son, did Henry procure the release of his prisoners. Upon conclusion of the peace, Henry retreated hastily. On his return to Germany, he appointed Suidger—the future 662:

Hungary on Henry's behalf. Egilbert agreed to cede lands along the frontier to the Hungarians in return for the release of their prisoners. Henry accepted the terms and signed the peace treaty during a meeting with Stephen I in Hungary in early 1031.

1767:

from Bretislav to Casimir. Bretislaus nevertheless remained loyal to the end. Henry turned westwards and crowned his young son at Aachen on 17 July and then marched into Flanders, as the two Baldwins had rebelled again. John of Arras, who had seized

1884:, with Welf soon following him to the grave. Baldwin of Flanders and Godfrey were at it again, besieging Antwerp, and they were defeated again. Henry's reign was clearly changing in character: old foes were dead or dying and old friends as well. 1208:

Upon his return from the Hungarian expedition, Godfrey of Upper Lorraine established new alliances, including with Henry of France, who might support him in a likely future insurrection. The emperor reacted promptly and summoned Godfrey to

1541:, who had been a vassal of Guaimar as Prince of Capua. Thus, Guaimar was deprived of his greatest vassals, his principality split in two, and his greatest enemy reinstated. These decisions made Henry unpopular among the Lombards, and 1083:. He, Henry, granted universal indulgence and pardon while in turn promised himself to forgive all injuries suffered, pains endured and to refrain from all acts of vengeance and he encouraged all his imperial subjects to do likewise. 1356:, and returned to Aachen to celebrate Pentecost and to decide on the fate of Lorraine. Henry restored Godfrey, but transferred the county of Verdun to the bishop of the city, which angered the duke. Henry bestowed the lower duchy to 546:. Conrad was Gisela's third husband and she had given birth to three sons and possibly a daughter during her previous two marriages. Conrad was illiterate, but Gisela was solicitous to their son's education and Henry learnt to read. 1005:

he set out in September 1042 and successfully subdued the western territories of Hungary. Aba fled to his eastern estates, as Henry installed a cousin as steward, who was, however, quickly removed after the emperor had left.

1671:. Henry met Henry of France again, probably at Ivois in October and at Christmas, envoys from Rome came to seek a new pope, Damasus having died. Henry's most enduring papal selection was Bruno of Toul, who took office as 676:'s death Conrad II claimed the title to the Burgundian succession and marched his army to Burgundy during the winter of 1032/1033. In two large-scale military summer campaigns in 1033 and 1034, Conrad defeated his rival 1308:

and pledged an oath of fealty among his nobles. The crown of Hungary was bestowed on Peter in perpetuity and the kingdoms of Germany and Hungary were at peace. In July, Godfrey surrendered and was imprisoned at

553:, died on 13 July 1024. The German aristocrats who assembled at Kamba to elect his successor proclaimed Conrad of Worms king on 4 September. Conrad's opponent formed a coalition that included his stepson, 485:

from dependence on the Roman nobility and laid the foundation for its empire-wide authority. In the duchies, Henry enforced the sovereign royal right of disposition, thereby ensuring tighter control. In

1712:; and Richildis, widow of Herman of Mons and new bride of Baldwin of Antwerp, caused trouble. Godfrey was released and given Lower Lorraine, to safeguard the unstable peace attained two years before. 453:

ten years later in 1038. The emperor's death the following year ended a remarkably smooth and harmonious transition process towards Henry's sovereign rule, that was rather uncharacteristic for the

1458:

on 20 December 1046 where he deposed all three papal candidates. In Rome he held a synod, declared all Roman priests unfit for office and as Adalbert of Bremen refused the honour, Henry appointed

1329:

as Henry III's successor. However, Henry III recovered, but remained without an heir. In early 1046, Henry's old advisor, Eckard of Meissen, died, leaving Meissen to Henry. He bestowed it on

1687:

1049 proved to be a successful year. Dirk of Holland was defeated and killed. Adalbert of Bremen managed a peace with Bernard of Saxony and negotiated a treaty with the missionary monarch

534:

referred to his sons in 1024, but its reliability is dubious. Henry was always mentioned as his father's sole son in charters issued after February 1028. Gisela, who was descended from

1823:, the son of Bretislaus, to the Bohemians as duke. Spitignev did homage and Bohemia remained securely, loyally, and happily within the Imperial fold. By Easter, Henry had arrived in 1064:, also known as the Speyer Gospel. The Dome of Speyer was gradually extended during the following years and a large burial sector was created for future rulers and royal continuity. 759: 2108: 635: 1675:, under whom the Church would be divided between East and West. Henry's final appointment of this long spate was a successor to Adalbert in Lorraine. For this, he appointed 1001:, a relative of the last independent duke. At Cologne, Henry summoned the royal princes, who unanimously declared war on Hungary. After he had sent a wedding delegation to 1708:. His troops fled the battlefield over a range of hills still called "Vértes" ("Armoured") because discarded armour has been found there for centuries. In Lower Lorraine, 1744:

against the Normans. He himself had confirmed their conquests as his vassals. Leo, without assistance from Guaimar (distanced from Henry since 1047), was defeated at the

1058:. Henry promoted Speyer far more than his father Conrad. Shortly before leaving for Italy, he endowed the church with a magnificently illustrated gospel book, called the 596:

on 24 July 1027. Henry's appointment to the duchy was unprecedented—Bavaria had never been ruled by a ten-year-old duke. In autumn 1027, the Emperor sent Bishop

1296:. During the preparations of the jaunt to Hungary where Henry had intended to spend Pentecost with King Peter, a wooden floor collapsed in a residence where 993:, and received emissaries from the Duchy of Burgundy, where he travelled during the new year to settle administrative and judicial matters. On the road near 2394:

Die Erziehung Heinrich III. in ihrer Bedeutung für die Entwicklung der staatlichen und kirchlichen Verhältnisse des 11. Jahrhunderts: Inaugural-Dissertation

1620:, accused of plotting to kill the king. Bernard, an enemy of Adalbert, was now clearly on Henry's bad side. Henry made peace with the new king of Hungary, 1186:

but failed. However, Henry considered the ducal fief to be a royal office and insisted on his prerogative when he appointed dignitaries at his discretion.

1411:

Henry summoned the senior princes of the empire and departed to Italy. His ally, Aribert of Milan, had recently died and the Milanese citizens had chosen

1041:(for friendship's sake). These territories had been ceded to Hungary after Conrad II's defeat of 1030. This border remained in place between Hungary and 1197:

Samuel Aba's sizeable army. Discord among the Magyar forces prevented cohesive manoeuvres and their troops quickly dispersed upon Henry's onslaught. At

879:, whom he had supported against his father. Henry's consensus with Aribert was an attempt to solve the old interior imperial conflict with Conrad. When 631:, proposed the hand of one of his sisters to Henry, but Conrad's envoy, Count Manegold of Donauwörth, refused the offer since she was already married. 1845:

to establish order. Godfrey, ostensibly the reason for the visit, was not well received by the people and returned to Flanders. Henry met the pope at

1142:) stirred up some consternation among many clerics, who opposed their union. The marriage, however, took place anyway and Agnes was crowned queen at 4663: 17: 3404:(2013). "Heinrich IV., seine Halbschwester Azela und die Wahl zum Mitkönig am 26. Juni 1053 in Tribur: Zwei übersehene Quellenbelege aus Goslar". 934:

intended to establish a separate archbishopric. After having attended the reform sessions of a number of monasteries, Henry summoned his army at

627:

on his father's seals in accordance with Byzantine customs. Conrad sent another embassy to Constantinople. Constantine VIII's successor, Emperor

4090: 3799: 762:. However the conflict would not be resolved by Henry until 1040 through military and diplomatic pressure coupled with growing civil unrest. 1776:, to give John the castle, John would lead Henry through Flanders. The Flemish campaign was a success, but Liutpert could not be convinced. 2086: 1553:

Upon his return to Germany, Henry assigned the offices that had been left vacant. He transferred his last personal duchy, Carinthia, to

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On Christmas Day 1046, Clement was consecrated, and Henry and Agnes crowned emperor and empress. The Roman citizenry awarded Henry the

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as King of Hungary. Aba was eventually captured by Peter and beheaded. Henry implemented regular Imperial administration in Hungary.

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to win a bride from the Byzantine imperial family for Henry, but Werner's sudden death put an end to the negotiations with Emperor

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In Bohemia only a delegation that offered hostages appeased Henry and he disbanded his army and continued his tour. He visited

1545:, although a papal vassal, would not approve of him. The Italian circuit was completed when he arrived at Verona in May 1047. 3251: 1993: 1399: 887:, by which he became triple-duke (Bavaria, Swabia and Carinthia) on top of being triple-king of Germany, Burgundy and Italy. 474: 328: 653:, as Henry's new tutor. Bavaria made raids into Hungary and provoked a Hungarian counter-attack. Conrad assembled Bavarian, 6267: 5982: 5225: 4656: 1009:

After Christmas at his chosen imperial residence, Goslar, he received foreign guests. Duke Bretislav appeared in person, a

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self-denial, he intended to prove his ability to hold pious kingship. Historians have referred since to the period of the

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Annales Altahenses: eine Quellenschrift zur Geschichte des eilften Jahrhunderts aus Fragmenten und Excerpten hergestellt

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The right of a German court to try an Italian bishop was considered very controversial. The problem culminated in the

5401: 4453: 4433: 4413: 4083: 3999: 3979: 3959: 3792: 3379: 2181:"Kaiser Heinrich III. seine widersprüchliche Beurteilung und deren Gründe, in Historische Zeitschrift No. 246 (1988)" 1948: 1357: 861: 318: 3769: 6203: 5990: 5361: 4458: 4448: 4418: 4305: 3994: 3964: 3934: 1570: 818: 56: 1820: 1533:

title. Henry made Drogo, William's successor in Apulia, a direct vassal of the imperial crown. He did likewise to

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and left. The pope had died in the meantime and Henry chose Poppo of Brixen to succeed him, who adopted the name

612: 597: 1384: 473:(courage and honesty), which led to an unprecedented sacral exaltation of the kingship. In 1046 Henry ended the 5932: 5438: 5385: 4892: 4536: 4498: 4493: 4473: 4374: 4039: 4034: 4014: 3949: 3752: 3518: 3480: 2988: 2065: 1594: 1375:

that overshadowed the reigns of Henry's son and grandson. Henry moved on to Saxony and held imperial courts at

834: 1787:

as the next holder of the Petrine see, with the name Victor II. He was the last of Henry's four German popes.

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In early 1045, Henry entered Lorraine at the head of an army, and besieged and conquered Godfrey's castle of

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Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919–1519)

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The Medieval Empire in Central Europe: Dynastic Continuity in the Post-Carolingian Frankish Realm, 900–1300

2011: 1865: 1737: 1709: 1601: 1529:

In return, Guaimar had recognized the conquests of the Normans and invested William as his vassal with the

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before, had been forced out by Baldwin of Flanders and so turned to the Emperor. In return for inducing

1325:

in October, so Henry of Bavaria and Otto of Swabia chose Otto's nephew and successor as count palatine,

6195: 6162: 6138: 6114: 6098: 6074: 6026: 6008: 5940: 5892: 5884: 5756: 5732: 5700: 4592: 4508: 4391: 3688: 2017: 1652: 1617: 1590: 998: 868: 712: 394: 338: 4380: 2111:. Regesta Imperii - Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz. 18 July 2016. Archived from 1600:

Henry was at Metz in July 1047 when Godfrey once again rose in rebellion. Godfrey was now allied with

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in late June or early July in 1033. Egilbert received generous grants for his services on 19 July.

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Emperor Conrad II was determined to strengthen royal authority in Germany. Ignoring the claim of

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in February 1027. A year later, before departing for his first Italian campaign, Conrad charged

5580: 5524: 5160: 4541: 4310: 3392:(1999). "The cult of King Alfred". In Lapidge, Michael; Godden, Malcolm; Keynes, Simon (eds.). 1892: 1749: 1388: 1293: 1119: 1072: 962: 677: 3417:

North, William (2006). "Henry III". In Emmerson, Richard K.; Clayton-Emmerson, Sandra (eds.).

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Henry returned and at Christmas 1055 he arranged the subsequent marriage of his successor. In

1198: 592:, to Bavaria, Conrad persuaded the Bavarian aristocrats to acknowledge Henry as their duke in 5556: 5508: 5329: 4327: 4275: 4247: 3490: 3437: 3109: 2884: 2240: 2001: 1660: 1499: 1225: 616: 3292: 3143: 1301: 6237: 6232: 5540: 5516: 5337: 5204: 4573: 4527: 4408: 4338: 4315: 4285: 3919: 2837: 2180: 1854: 1832: 1779:

Bretislav, who had regained Silesia in a short war, died in 1054. The margrave of Austria,

1763:

In 1054, Henry traveled north to deal with the bellicose Casimir of Poland. He transferred

1725: 1692: 1365: 1348:. Henry personally led a campaign against Count Dirk and recovered Flushing. He gave it to 1194: 1034: 1017:

were rejected as the duke did not show up in person. Henry left for the French border near

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In October 1043, Henry, displaying deep personal piety, announced from the pulpit of the

1014: 876: 770: 692: 681: 638: 628: 543: 450: 264: 1705: 1640:. Godfrey then performed a public penance and assisted in the reconstruction of Verdun. 1075:

be respected all over his realms on that very day. This day was to be remembered as the

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In 1051, Henry undertook a third Hungarian campaign but suffered a major defeat at the

1609: 1484: 1341: 884: 650: 569: 523: 507: 423: 123: 65: 41: 4641: 3475:. The Middle Ages. Translated by Bowlus, Barbara M. University of Pennsylvania Press. 3189:

The Bishop Reformed: Studies of Episcopal Power and Culture in the Central Middle Ages

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under Henry's pressure. Finally, the war had ended in the Low Countries and Lorraine.

1213:. He was convicted and lost the duchy of Upper Lorraine and his fief of the county of 5620: 5532: 5495: 5231: 5212: 5057: 4810: 4202: 4131: 3834: 3732: 3514: 3476: 3457: 3375: 3247: 3193: 3166: 3139: 3115: 3043: 2984: 2957: 2953: 2920: 2890: 2159: 1980: 1956: 1952: 1836: 1562: 1353: 1285: 1163: 1022: 955: 912: 765:

In 1038, Henry was called to aid his father in Italy. On their return trip along the

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The Envy of Angels: Cathedral Schools and Social Ideals in Medieval Europe, 950–1200

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and seized all castles of the Crescentii family. Joined by the pope, he ventured to

5764: 5604: 5485: 5465: 5146: 5065: 5041: 4397: 4295: 4175: 4121: 3854: 3839: 3624: 3083: 2858: 2779: 2027: 1915: 1819:, had married Godfrey of Lorraine (1054). First, however, he gave his old hostage, 1519: 1455: 1139: 1068: 973: 724: 700: 696: 658: 611:

At Conrad's initiative, the "clergy and the people" elected Henry his co-ruler and

605: 515: 503: 454: 442: 435: 378: 343: 245: 171: 144: 3286: 2833:

Das Königthum und Kaiserthum Heinrich III.: Eine verfaszungsgeschichtl. Monografie

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coast Gunhilda died from an epidemic that apparently had also caused the death of

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Itinerant Kingship and Royal Monasteries in Early Medieval Germany, c. 936-1075

3135: 2880: 2043: 1881: 1873: 1841: 1784: 1534: 1488: 1310: 1277: 1167: 1131: 1010: 938:. In July he joined with contingents at Goslar and deployed his entire army at 930:

Henry led his first military campaign as sovereign in 1040 into Bohemia, where

715:, were engaged on 18 May 1035. On the same occasion Conrad declared war on the 601: 458: 427: 358: 50: 3087: 997:

he learnt of Hungarian raids into Bavaria and bestowed the duchy to a certain

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of the dukes. In order to diminish their power he appointed the younger son

1134:. The association with this boisterous vassal of the king of France and her 1103: 777:. In 1039, Emperor Conrad II also died, and Henry succeeded him as king and 4156: 4107: 3513:. Translated by Kaiser, Denise A. The Pennsylvania State University Press. 3389: 1795: 1252: 386: 1334: 1244:, paid homage and Burgundy was subsequently incorporated into the empire. 530:. Conrad may have fathered a son before his marriage to Gisela, because a 5119: 5025: 4321: 3819: 2980:

Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy, 980–1198

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In 1052, Henry undertook a fourth campaign against Hungary, and besieged

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Ryley, Caroline M. (1964). "The Emperor Henry III". In Gwatkin, H. M.;

3072:"Ordnungskonfigurationen im Konflikt Das Beispiel Kaiser Heinrichs III" 2207:"Spes imperii – Heinrichs III. Herrschaftspraxis und Reichsintegration" 2021: 1716: 1656: 1558: 1463: 1435: 1345: 1340:

Henry then moved to Lower Lorraine, where Gothelo II had just died and

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and continued to pursue his father's political course on the basis of

55:

Henry with the symbols of rulership attending the consecration of the

5199: 5049: 4948: 4908: 4884: 4868: 4733: 4725: 4700: 3829: 3617: 3582: 3566: 2005: 1857:, son of Beatrice, refused to come to Florence and died within days. 1542: 1380: 1229: 1026: 942:. He set out on 13 August and was soon ambushed in the passes of the 895: 830: 751: 732: 431: 101: 3214: 3035: 1997: 1861: 1149: 805:

Henry inaugurated his reign with a tour through his domains. In the

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Popes and Antipopes: The Politics of Eleventh Century Church Reform

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Bishop Bruno of Augsburg died on 6 April 1029 and Conrad appointed

561: 482: 3148:. Dalcassian Publishing Company. pp. 285–. GGKEY:TY4HYGTG9WL. 1644: 1462:, who was acclaimed by the people and clergy. He adopted the name 445:

in 1026, appointed him co-ruler in 1028 and bestowed him with the

4996: 4988: 4860: 4852: 4844: 4828: 4820: 4749: 4741: 4687: 1987: 1899: 1888: 1769: 1764: 1530: 1349: 1193:, entered Hungary at the head of a moderately sized force, which 1155: 1042: 1029:. Henry next returned to Hungary and forced Aba to recognize the 849: 814: 743: 716: 353: 230: 1849:

and arrested Beatrice, for marrying a traitor, and her daughter

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Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 4 January 2016

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and received acknowledgement from the present Italian princes.

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The Cambridge Medieval History:Germany and the Western Empire

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Henry III was married twice and had at least eight children:

1586: 1506:. However, Henry returned Capua to the twice-deprived Prince 1495: 1451: 1447: 1217:. Godfrey fled and took up arms in revolt. Henry wintered at 1143: 1018: 994: 747: 739: 511: 1790: 1720:

deposed by a small council of princes for his conflict with

1450:, where he held court and dispensed justice. He moved on to 1268:

Henry settled political issues with the Lombard magnates at

4773: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3024: 2976: 2589: 2565: 2505: 1903: 1648: 1582: 1510:, a highly unpopular choice. Guaimar had been acclaimed as 1202: 829:

as a future imperial residence. Heading an army he entered

755: 634: 91: 59:

monastery church on 5 June 1040, mid-11th-century miniature

2677: 2630: 2618: 1914:, to rest next to his father's in the family vault of the 1612:

Godfrey's former lands and oversaw the trial by combat of

1604:, his son (the margrave of Antwerp), Dirk of Holland, and 680:. On 1 August 1034, Conrad II officially incorporated the 3473:

The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition

2661: 2659: 2657: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2230: 1895:

to the young Henry, whom he commended the pope, present.

1158:, where he again announced an indulgence. In April 1044, 857: 3346: 3323: 3311: 3265: 3263: 3014: 3012: 2577: 2553: 2529: 2517: 2493: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2437: 2413: 2362: 2360: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2290: 4671: 2326: 2302: 1887:

Herman of Cologne died. Henry appointed his confessor,

1608:. Henry gathered an army and went north, where he gave 1565:, appointed to several other sees, installing Guido in 1304:

was killed. In Hungary, Peter presented Henry with the

871:

where he was recognized by a Burgundian embassy and by

719:, a pagan Slavic tribe and deposed his brother-in-law, 498:

Born on 28 October 1016, or 1017, Henry was the son of

3493:(1968). "The Reform of the Church". In Tanner, J. R.; 2798: 2733:

Kampers, Franz. "Henry III." The Catholic Encyclopedia

2697: 2654: 2642: 2601: 2476: 2390: 2155:

Christianisierung und Reichsbildungen: Europa 700–1200

2132: 2130: 1853:, later to be such an enemy of Henry's son. The young 1013:

marriage embassy was dismissed and the ambassadors of

758:

where he then acquired a big stick, famously known as

579: 514:

when his son was born. He was related to the imperial

3299: 3260: 3128: 3009: 2709: 2683:"The early history of the house of Savoy (1000-1233)" 2541: 2449: 2425: 2401: 2372: 2357: 2338: 2314: 2212:. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften 2034:– 14 March 1092 or 1096), married, firstly, in 1063, 1434:

who had previously renounced the throne, Sylvester a

684:

into the Holy Roman Empire at a ceremony held in the

441:

Henry was raised by his father, who made him Duke of

2997: 2278: 977:

Conrad II and his wife Gisela kneel in front of the

890: 727:

upon their children's marriage, which took place in

6174:(Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550) 6022:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404) 6013:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388) 3239: 3165:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 202–. 2829: 2127: 1799:

Imperial orb from the burial inventory of Henry III

426:from 1046 until his death in 1056. A member of the 5969:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379) 1815:, ever an imperial ally, had died, and his widow, 3212: 3158: 3134: 3069: 1811:In 1055, Henry turned south, to Italy again, for 1150:Conflicts in Lorraine and pacification in Hungary 6219: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2151: 1221:and prepared for the Lorraine campaign of 1045. 883:was deposed by Conrad, Henry also inherited the 856:of Hungary sent raiding parties into Swabia. At 3419:Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia 3406:Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 3281: 3275: 3036:Bernd Schneidmüller; Stefan Weinfurter (2003). 2147: 2145: 946:and forced to retreat with heavy losses at the 623:on Easter 1028. Henry was thereafter named the 3511:Conrad II, 990–1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms 2912: 2752: 1880:case, it all came to naught, and Cuno died of 1126:. She resided at the court of her stepfather, 1086: 5439: 4657: 4084: 3793: 2938: 2936: 2908: 2906: 2810: 2024:– 10 April 1055), duke of Bavaria (from 1054) 6118:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450) 3444:. Vol. III. Cambridge University Press. 3179: 2970: 2916:The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Christianity 2889:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 98–. 2142: 1679:, a relative of Adalbert and Henry himself. 1491:and reverted most of his father's policies. 510:aristocrat who held domains along the river 414:, 28 October 1016 – 5 October 1056), called 3107: 2178: 1898:On 5 October, not yet forty, Henry died at 1240:. When Henry arrived, Reginald and Gerold, 811:Gothelo I, Duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine 784: 665:Egilbert's mentorship lasted until Henry's 5446: 5432: 4664: 4650: 4091: 4077: 3800: 3786: 3501:. Vol. V. Cambridge University Press. 3470: 3340: 3192:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 135–. 3152: 3101: 2933: 2903: 2873: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2583: 2571: 2559: 2535: 2523: 2499: 2470: 2419: 2384: 2332: 2308: 2296: 2055:Azela, mother of bishop Johannes of Speyer 911:, that includes the emperor's palace, the 49: 6070:(Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438) 6062:(Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435) 3369: 3317: 3243:Married Life in the Middle Ages, 900-1300 3233: 3186:John S. Ott; Anna Trumbore Jones (2007). 2685:. Cambridge, The University press Archive 2084: 1791:Preparing Italy and Germany for his death 1581:. The important Lorrainian bishoprics of 1415:to succeed him. In Rome, the three popes 3215:"Das Jahrhundert der Salier (1024–1125)" 2886:Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities 1906:mountains. His heart was transferred to 1802: 1794: 1731: 1398: 1259: 1251: 1102: 1090: 972: 894: 821:, who accompanied him and his mother to 793: 633: 4098: 3807: 3505: 3489: 3269: 3240:Elisabeth van Houts (31 January 2019). 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 2804: 2765: 2721: 2715: 2703: 2665: 2648: 2636: 2624: 2612: 2595: 2511: 2487: 2458: 2443: 2431: 2407: 2378: 2366: 2351: 2320: 2284: 2204: 1663:and, at Ulm in January 1048, Swabia to 1647:, which was stoutly defended by Bishop 1577:and his German chancellor Theodoric in 1548: 754:) decree, Henry travelled south of the 560:Conrad designated Henry as his heir in 461:monarchs. Henry succeeded Conrad II as 279: 1036; died 1038) 14: 6220: 6142:(Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501) 3448: 3388: 3305: 3018: 2942: 2879: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2547: 2233:"Das Geburtsjahr Heinrichs III.: 1016" 2152:Rudolf Schieffer (30 September 2013). 1930: 1736:On 26 June 1053, at Tribur, the young 1394: 1178:as duke of the Lower duchy instead of 1095:Henry III and Agnes at Mary's throne, 1048: 5427: 4645: 4072: 3781: 3435: 3416: 3400: 3352: 3003: 2766:Cowdrey, H. E. J. (22 January 1966). 2136: 2109:"Heinrich III. mit neuem Geburtsjahr" 1189:On 6 July 1044 Henry, accompanied by 1138:with Henry (both were descendants of 970:treaty with Bretislav at Regensburg. 738:In Spring 1037, a revolt in Northern 5453: 3206: 3145:The History of Medieval Europe p.285 3056: 2977:Constance Brittain Bouchard (1987). 2231:Gerhard Lubich; Dirk Jäckel (2016). 1902:, the imperial hunting lodge in the 1682: 27:Holy Roman Emperor from 1046 to 1056 2844: 1983:from 1061 and Quedlinburg from 1063 1760:. The Swabians were cut to pieces. 1691:. With the assistance of Sweyn and 1651:. Henry gave Upper Lorraine to one 825:, where he established the town of 580:Dynastic consolidation and co-ruler 24: 6094:(1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413) 3430:The Normans in the South 1016–1130 3246:. OUP inrichOxford. pp. 47–. 3213:Stefan Weinfurter (January 2006). 2784:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1966.tb01165.x 2101: 2078: 1807:Sarcophagus of Henry III in Goslar 1756:, his younger brother; and Prince 1573:, the provost Herman of Speyer in 1427:contested the pontifical honours. 1316: 1247: 1033:territories, a former donation of 324:Adelaide II, Abbess of Quedlinburg 25: 6284: 3456:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 1951:(1037 – 13 July 1061), abbess of 1827:. He held several courts, one at 1358:Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine 899:Henry III established the Salian 891:Conflict with Bohemia and Hungary 852:, when, upon his departure, King 789: 319:Beatrice I, Abbess of Quedlinburg 75:25 December 1046 – 5 October 1056 6243:11th-century Holy Roman Emperors 6078:(1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393) 4699: 4053: 4052: 3291:. Duncker und Humblot. pp. 2768:"Archbishop Aribert Ii of Milan" 2087:"The curious story of Henry III" 1831:—where, a century later (1158), 819:Herman II, Archbishop of Cologne 393: 18:Heinrich III, Holy Roman Emperor 2759: 2745: 2671: 2391:Johann Heinrich Albers (1872). 2268:"Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor" 1498:, Henry was received by Prince 723:. Conrad entrusted Canute with 518:through his great-grandmother, 298: 276: 6166:(Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508) 6086:(1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397) 3533:Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor 3499:The Cambridge Medieval History 3374:. Cambridge University Press. 2679:Previté-Orton, Charles William 2260: 2224: 2198: 2172: 2089:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 2066:Family tree of German monarchs 1979:– 11 January 1096), abbess of 1699: 1471:Golden Chain of the Patriciate 1438:, and Gregory was a reformer ( 1276:with the duchy of Swabia, the 1256:Statue of Henry III in Hamburg 989:Henry spent Christmas 1041 at 835:Eckard II, Margrave of Meissen 134:14 April 1028 – 5 October 1056 13: 1: 6248:11th-century dukes of Bavaria 6228:Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor 5978:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361) 5960:(Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347) 5872:(1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294) 3396:. Cambridge University Press. 2919:. OUP Oxford. pp. 486–. 2397:. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei. 2071: 1996:(October 1048 – 12 May 1060, 1238:Reginald I, Count of Burgundy 538:, had a strong claim both to 493: 369:Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor 3042:. C.H. Beck. pp. 136–. 2983:. Cornell University Press. 2830:Friedrich Steinhoff (1865). 2050:With an anonymous concubine: 1659:. Henry gave Bavaria to one 1569:, his chaplain Theodoric in 1407:in a 15th-century manuscript 1385:Siemomysł, Duke of Pomerania 334:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 181:4 June 1039 – 5 October 1056 7: 6268:Burials at Speyer Cathedral 6091:Stephen III the Magnificent 3471:Weinfurter, Stefan (1999). 3370:Bernhardt, John W. (2002). 2158:. C.H.Beck. pp. 150–. 2059: 1774:Liutpert, Bishop of Cambrai 1512:Duke of Apulia and Calabria 1087:Marriage to Agnes of Poitou 721:Adalbero, Duke of Carinthia 549:The last Ottonian monarch, 430:, he was the eldest son of 10: 6289: 5925:Henry XV the Natternberger 5912:(Upper: Regent: 1294–1302) 4593:North German Confederation 4509:Confederation of the Rhine 3362: 3159:C. Stephen Jaeger (2013). 3082:. Uni Heidelberg: 79–100. 3070:Stefan Weinfurter (2015). 2038:, and, secondly, in 1089, 1864:, the heir to the throne, 1618:Bernard II, Duke of Saxony 1236:, challenged and defeated 1154:Henry spent the winter at 1061:Codex Aureus Escorialensis 983:Codex Aureus Escorialensis 907:) and spiritual center at 339:Conrad II, Duke of Bavaria 329:Matilda, Duchess of Swabia 5974:Louis V the Brandenburger 5504: 5461: 5224: 5109: 5016: 4785: 4708: 4697: 4680: 4610: 4591: 4572: 4550: 4526: 4507: 4196: 4155: 4106: 4048: 3815: 3766: 3757: 3749: 3739: 3730: 3722: 3712: 3703: 3695: 3685: 3676: 3668: 3657: 3646: 3631: 3622: 3609: 3599: 3571: 3563: 3558: 3531: 3432:. Longmans: London, 1967. 3088:10.11588/vuf.2001.0.17742 1710:Lambert, Count of Louvain 742:is started by Archbishop 731:during the 1036 feast of 555:Ernest II, Duke of Swabia 477:, was crowned Emperor by 384: 374: 364: 352: 309: 253: 242:Imperial Palace of Goslar 236: 220: 205: 201: 193: 185: 177: 166: 158: 150: 138: 130: 117: 107: 97: 79: 71: 64: 48: 39: 34: 6188:Albert V the Magnanimous 6171:William IV the Steadfast 6107:Louis VIII the Hunchback 5685:Henry II the Quarrelsome 5112:(title disputed 887–933) 4561:Archduke John of Austria 3497:; Brooke, Z. N. (eds.). 3283:von Giesebrecht, Wilhelm 3076:Vorträge und Forschungen 1606:Herman, Count of Hainaut 1589:received, respectively, 1272:. In Goslar he invested 1170:died. Henry opposed the 1056:"Christomimetic royalty" 1021:, in order to meet King 881:Adalbero I of Eppenstein 785:Royal and imperial reign 619:, crowned Henry king in 344:Judith, Queen of Hungary 6110:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445) 6102:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443) 3140:Shotwell, James Thomson 3114:. Brill. pp. 10–. 2913:John H. Arnold (2014). 1920:Investiture Controversy 1837:far more important diet 1813:Boniface III of Tuscany 1373:Investiture Controversy 1172:political particularism 1118:, the daughter of Duke 919:, the palace chapel of 760:"The Big Stick of 1037" 674:Rudolph III of Burgundy 6054:(Straubing: 1417-1425) 6046:(Straubing: 1417-1429) 6038:(Straubing: 1404–1417) 6030:(Straubing: 1389–1397) 5776:(1070–1077, 1096–1101) 5752:(1053–1054, 1055–1061) 5720:(1004–1009, 1017–1026) 2836:. Deuerlich. pp. 2738:6 October 2021 at the 2248:Cite journal requires 1963:With his second wife, 1808: 1800: 1408: 1294:Margraviate of Antwerp 1265: 1257: 1120:William V of Aquitaine 1114:In 1043 Henry married 1111: 1100: 1073:Peace and Truce of God 986: 927: 917:St. Simon and St. Jude 809:he received homage of 802: 678:Odo II, Count of Blois 642: 411: 6158:(Landshut: 1479–1503) 6150:(Landshut: 1450–1479) 6099:Louis VII the Bearded 6051:John III the Pitiless 5712:(995–1004, 1009–1017) 5701:Henry III the Younger 5621:Louis III the Younger 2861:. Deutsche Biographie 2004:, duke of Swabia and 2002:Rudolf of Rheinfelden 1939:With his first wife, 1806: 1798: 1732:Final wars in Germany 1624:, and moved into the 1500:Guaimar IV of Salerno 1483:, the capital of the 1402: 1263: 1255: 1106: 1094: 976: 898: 797: 637: 617:Archbishop of Cologne 42:Emperor of the Romans 6075:Frederick I the Wise 5861:Otto the Illustrious 5821:Henry XI Jasomirgott 5322:Lothair III (or II) 4675:between 476 and 1556 4574:German Confederation 4528:German Confederation 3495:Previté-Orton, C. W. 3426:Norwich, John Julius 3108:Mary Stroll (2011). 2598:, pp. 141, 231. 2514:, pp. 141, 187. 1855:Frederick of Tuscany 1833:Frederick Barbarossa 1785:Gebhard of Eichstedt 1726:Bishop of Regensburg 1693:Edward the Confessor 1643:The rebels besieged 1549:Henry's appointments 1473:and elevated him to 1442:). Henry marched to 1366:archbishop of Bremen 1234:Count of Montbéliard 1110:divided, around 1000 1035:Stephen I of Hungary 641:, Henry's first wife 625:"hope of the empire" 598:Werner of Strasbourg 590:Stephen I of Hungary 88:St. Peter's Basilica 6196:William V the Pious 6134:(Munich: 1460–1463) 6126:(Munich: 1438–1460) 5869:Louis II the Strict 5848:(Regent: 1183–1191) 5648:(Margrave: 895–907) 5640:(Margrave: 890–895) 5605:Louis II the German 4113:Carolingian dynasty 4100:Monarchs of Germany 3809:Holy Roman emperors 3760:Margrave of Meissen 3394:Anglo-Saxon England 3355:, pp. 217–227. 2639:, pp. 233–234. 2627:, pp. 232–233. 1941:Gunhilda of Denmark 1931:Family and children 1916:cathedral of Speyer 1752:, Count of Apulia; 1748:on 18 June 1053 by 1689:Sweyn II of Denmark 1665:Otto of Schweinfurt 1602:Baldwin of Flanders 1557:, made his Italian 1524:Drogo of Hauteville 1395:Imperial coronation 1327:Henry I of Lorraine 1264:Royal seal of Henry 1201:Peter regained his 1077:"Day of Indulgence" 1049:Promotion of Speyer 1039:pro causa amicitiae 1015:Casimir I of Poland 877:Archbishop of Milan 860:, Henry convened a 817:, he was joined by 771:Herman IV of Swabia 693:Gunhilda of Denmark 686:Cathedral of Geneva 682:Kingdom of Burgundy 639:Gunhilda of Denmark 629:Romanos III Argyros 574:imperial coronation 522:—a daughter of the 451:Kingdom of Burgundy 265:Gunhilda of Denmark 6263:Dukes of Carinthia 6163:Albert IV the Wise 6115:Henry XVI the Rich 5986:(Upper: 1361–1363) 5952:(Lower: 1339–1340) 5944:(Lower: 1310–1339) 5936:(Lower: 1310–1334) 5928:(Lower: 1312–1333) 5920:(Upper: 1294–1317) 5904:(Lower: 1290–1312) 5896:(Lower: 1290–1310) 5888:(Lower: 1290–1296) 5880:(Lower: 1253–1290) 5829:Henry XII the Lion 5797:Henry IX the Black 5688:(955–976, 985–995) 5481:Bavaria-Ingolstadt 4198:Kingdom of Germany 4162:Kingdom of Germany 3660:Holy Roman Emperor 3636:Title next held by 3614:Title last held by 2040:Ladislaus I Herman 2036:Solomon of Hungary 1839:—and sent out his 1809: 1801: 1758:Richard I of Capua 1746:Battle of Civitate 1677:Gerard of Chatenoy 1610:Adalbert of Bremen 1518:mercenaries under 1485:counts of Tusculum 1460:Suidger of Bamberg 1409: 1342:Dirk IV of Holland 1321:Henry fell ill at 1302:Bishop of Würzburg 1266: 1258: 1112: 1101: 1097:Speyer Evangeliary 987: 965:was overthrown by 928: 925:Church of Our Lady 905:imperial residence 885:Duchy of Carinthia 867:Henry returned to 803: 695:, the daughter of 651:Bishop of Freising 643: 588:, the son of King 570:Bishop of Augsburg 524:Holy Roman Emperor 471:virtus et probitas 424:Holy Roman Emperor 124:King of the Romans 66:Holy Roman Emperor 6215: 6214: 6155:George I the Rich 6147:Louis IX the Rich 5496:Bavaria-Straubing 5421: 5420: 5232:Holy Roman Empire 4639: 4638: 4565: 4564:(Imperial Regent) 4203:Holy Roman Empire 4132:Louis the Younger 4066: 4065: 3776: 3775: 3767:Succeeded by 3740:Succeeded by 3733:Duke of Carinthia 3713:Succeeded by 3686:Succeeded by 3600:Succeeded by 3253:978-0-19-251974-0 2954:Kohlhammer Verlag 2574:, pp. 29–30. 2446:, pp. 78–79. 2179:Friedrich Prinz. 2115:on 20 August 2022 1868:, was engaged to 1728:. Cuno revolted. 1683:Peace in Lorraine 1616:, the brother of 1563:Bishop of Ravenna 1389:Casimir of Poland 1354:Bishop of Utrecht 1286:Duchy of Lorraine 1124:Agnes of Burgundy 1023:Henry I of France 956:bishop of Bamberg 913:collegiate church 463:Duke of Carinthia 401: 400: 16:(Redirected from 6280: 6273:Sons of emperors 5949:John I the Child 5837:Otto the Redhead 5765:Otto of Nordheim 5486:Bavaria-Landshut 5466:Duchy of Bavaria 5455:Dukes of Bavaria 5448: 5441: 5434: 5425: 5424: 5413: 5405: 5397: 5389: 5381: 5373: 5365: 5357: 5349: 5341: 5333: 5325: 5317: 5309: 5301: 5293: 5285: 5277: 5269: 5261: 5253: 5245: 5226:Kingdom of Italy 5216: 5208: 5194: 5186: 5178: 5164: 5150: 5142: 5128: 5101: 5093: 5085: 5077: 5069: 5061: 5053: 5045: 5037: 5029: 5008: 5000: 4992: 4984: 4976: 4968: 4960: 4952: 4944: 4936: 4928: 4920: 4912: 4904: 4896: 4888: 4880: 4872: 4864: 4856: 4848: 4840: 4832: 4824: 4816: 4806: 4798: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4721: 4703: 4691: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4643: 4642: 4563: 4122:Louis the German 4093: 4086: 4079: 4070: 4069: 4056: 4055: 3802: 3795: 3788: 3779: 3778: 3750:Preceded by 3723:Preceded by 3696:Preceded by 3669:Preceded by 3625:King of Burgundy 3564:Preceded by 3554: 3547: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3502: 3486: 3467: 3445: 3422: 3413: 3397: 3385: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3258: 3257: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3067: 3054: 3053: 3033: 3022: 3016: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2940: 2931: 2930: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2855: 2842: 2841: 2827: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2730: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2355: 2349: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2274:. 12 March 2024. 2264: 2258: 2257: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2236: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2211: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2186:. MGH Bibliothek 2185: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2149: 2140: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2082: 2000:), married 1059 1910:and his body to 1893:swear allegiance 1706:Battle of Vértes 1522:and his brother 1520:William Iron Arm 1479:. Henry visited 1140:Henry the Fowler 1069:Konstanz Minster 963:Peter of Hungary 948:Battle at Brůdek 779:imperator in spe 750:. By Emperor's ( 725:Southern Jutland 701:Canute the Great 697:Emma of Normandy 606:Constantine VIII 576:on Easter 1027. 516:Ottonian dynasty 504:Gisela of Swabia 436:Gisela of Swabia 397: 379:Gisela of Swabia 302: 300: 280: 278: 246:Speyer Cathedral 227: 215: 213: 145:Aachen Cathedral 85:25 December 1046 53: 32: 31: 21: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6258:Dukes of Swabia 6218: 6217: 6216: 6211: 5632:(King: 882–887) 5629:Charles the Fat 5624:(King: 880–882) 5616:(King: 876–880) 5608:(King: 817–843) 5500: 5457: 5452: 5422: 5417: 5411: 5403: 5395: 5387: 5379: 5371: 5363: 5355: 5347: 5339: 5331: 5323: 5315: 5307: 5299: 5291: 5283: 5275: 5267: 5259: 5251: 5243: 5234: 5229: 5220: 5214: 5206: 5192: 5184: 5176: 5162: 5148: 5140: 5126: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5091: 5083: 5075: 5067: 5059: 5051: 5043: 5035: 5027: 5012: 5006: 4998: 4990: 4982: 4974: 4966: 4958: 4950: 4942: 4934: 4926: 4918: 4910: 4902: 4894: 4886: 4878: 4870: 4862: 4854: 4846: 4838: 4830: 4822: 4814: 4804: 4796: 4781: 4775: 4767: 4759: 4751: 4743: 4735: 4727: 4719: 4704: 4695: 4689: 4676: 4670: 4640: 4635: 4606: 4587: 4568: 4546: 4522: 4503: 4370:Frederick (III) 4201: 4192: 4160: 4151: 4147:Louis the Child 4137:Charles the Fat 4111: 4102: 4097: 4067: 4062: 4044: 3811: 3806: 3772: 3763: 3755: 3745: 3736: 3728: 3718: 3709: 3701: 3691: 3682: 3679:Duke of Bavaria 3674: 3663: 3652: 3637: 3628: 3615: 3605: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3574:King of Germany 3569: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3534: 3527: 3521: 3507:Wolfram, Herwig 3483: 3464: 3450:Schutz, Herbert 3402:Lohse, Tillmann 3382: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3341:Weinfurter 1999 3339: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3211: 3207: 3200: 3184: 3180: 3173: 3157: 3153: 3136:Thorndike, Lynn 3133: 3129: 3122: 3106: 3102: 3092: 3090: 3068: 3057: 3050: 3034: 3025: 3017: 3010: 3002: 2998: 2991: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2956:. p. 112. 2941: 2934: 2927: 2911: 2904: 2897: 2881:Reuter, Timothy 2878: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2857: 2856: 2845: 2828: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2764: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2740:Wayback Machine 2731: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2635: 2631: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2584:Weinfurter 1999 2582: 2578: 2572:Weinfurter 1999 2570: 2566: 2560:Weinfurter 1999 2558: 2554: 2546: 2542: 2536:Weinfurter 1999 2534: 2530: 2524:Weinfurter 1999 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2500:Weinfurter 1999 2498: 2494: 2486: 2477: 2471:Weinfurter 1999 2469: 2465: 2457: 2450: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2420:Weinfurter 1999 2418: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2389: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2358: 2350: 2339: 2333:Weinfurter 1999 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2309:Weinfurter 1999 2307: 2303: 2297:Weinfurter 1999 2295: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2249: 2247: 2238: 2237: 2229: 2225: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2173: 2166: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2085:Jan Habermann. 2083: 2079: 2074: 2062: 2014:, his successor 1933: 1870:Bertha of Turin 1817:Beatrice of Bar 1793: 1754:Robert Guiscard 1734: 1702: 1685: 1551: 1537:, the count of 1430:Benedict was a 1397: 1319: 1317:War in Lorraine 1250: 1248:Height of power 1242:Count of Geneva 1152: 1128:Geoffrey Martel 1116:Agnes of Poitou 1089: 1081:"Day of Pardon" 1051: 1003:Agnes of Poitou 979:Majestas Domini 952:Pope Clement II 944:Bohemian Forest 893: 792: 787: 705:King of Denmark 582: 506:. Conrad was a 500:Conrad of Worms 496: 479:Pope Clement II 447:duchy of Swabia 348: 305: 304: 301: 1043) 296: 292: 290:Agnes of Poitou 282: 274: 270: 267: 249: 229: 225: 216:28 October 1016 211: 209: 143: 121: 119:King of Germany 86: 60: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6286: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6253:Salian dynasty 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6201: 6193: 6185: 6176: 6168: 6160: 6152: 6144: 6136: 6128: 6120: 6112: 6104: 6096: 6088: 6080: 6072: 6064: 6056: 6048: 6040: 6032: 6024: 6015: 6006: 5997: 5988: 5980: 5971: 5962: 5954: 5946: 5938: 5930: 5922: 5914: 5906: 5898: 5890: 5882: 5874: 5866: 5858: 5850: 5842: 5834: 5826: 5818: 5810: 5802: 5794: 5786: 5778: 5770: 5762: 5754: 5746: 5738: 5730: 5722: 5714: 5706: 5698: 5690: 5682: 5674: 5666: 5658: 5650: 5642: 5634: 5626: 5618: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5578: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5546: 5538: 5530: 5522: 5514: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5491:Bavaria-Munich 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5451: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5428: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5415: 5407: 5402:Frederick III 5399: 5391: 5383: 5375: 5367: 5359: 5351: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5311: 5303: 5295: 5287: 5279: 5271: 5263: 5255: 5247: 5238: 5236: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5210: 5196: 5188: 5180: 5166: 5152: 5144: 5130: 5115: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5071: 5063: 5055: 5047: 5039: 5031: 5022: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5002: 4994: 4986: 4978: 4970: 4962: 4954: 4946: 4938: 4930: 4922: 4914: 4906: 4898: 4890: 4882: 4874: 4866: 4858: 4850: 4842: 4834: 4826: 4818: 4808: 4800: 4791: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4771: 4763: 4755: 4747: 4739: 4731: 4723: 4714: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4673:Kings of Italy 4669: 4668: 4661: 4654: 4646: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4585: 4583:Franz Joseph I 4579: 4577: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4557: 4555: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4533: 4531: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4271:Lothair II/III 4268: 4263: 4258: 4251: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4118: 4116: 4104: 4103: 4096: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4060: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3805: 3804: 3797: 3790: 3782: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3765: 3756: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3738: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3711: 3706:Duke of Swabia 3702: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3655: 3654: 3644: 3643: 3635: 3630: 3621: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3598: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3559:Regnal titles 3556: 3555: 3538:Salian dynasty 3535: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3519: 3503: 3491:Whitney, J. P. 3487: 3481: 3468: 3463:978-1443819664 3462: 3446: 3438:Whitney, J. P. 3433: 3423: 3414: 3398: 3386: 3380: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3345: 3322: 3320:, p. 311. 3318:Bernhardt 2002 3310: 3308:, p. 297. 3298: 3274: 3259: 3252: 3232: 3205: 3199:978-0754657651 3198: 3178: 3172:978-0812200300 3171: 3151: 3127: 3121:978-9004217010 3120: 3100: 3055: 3049:978-3406509582 3048: 3023: 3021:, p. 126. 3008: 3006:, p. 285. 2996: 2989: 2969: 2963:978-3170201835 2962: 2932: 2926:978-0191015007 2925: 2902: 2896:978-1139459549 2895: 2872: 2859:"Heinrich III" 2843: 2809: 2807:, p. 345. 2797: 2758: 2744: 2720: 2708: 2706:, p. 222. 2696: 2670: 2668:, p. 142. 2653: 2651:, p. 233. 2641: 2629: 2617: 2615:, p. 231. 2600: 2588: 2576: 2564: 2552: 2550:, p. 141. 2540: 2528: 2516: 2504: 2492: 2490:, p. 141. 2475: 2463: 2448: 2436: 2424: 2412: 2400: 2383: 2371: 2356: 2337: 2325: 2313: 2301: 2289: 2277: 2259: 2250:|journal= 2223: 2197: 2171: 2165:978-3406653766 2164: 2141: 2139:, p. 274. 2126: 2100: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2044:Duke of Poland 2025: 2015: 2009: 1991: 1986:Gisela (1047, 1984: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1945: 1944: 1932: 1929: 1874:House of Savoy 1842:missi dominici 1792: 1789: 1733: 1730: 1701: 1698: 1684: 1681: 1597:, a chaplain. 1550: 1547: 1535:Ranulf Drengot 1489:southern Italy 1396: 1393: 1360:and appointed 1318: 1315: 1311:Giebichenstein 1278:count palatine 1249: 1246: 1199:Székesfehérvár 1168:Upper Lorraine 1151: 1148: 1132:Count of Anjou 1088: 1085: 1050: 1047: 892: 889: 841:of Bohemia in 791: 790:Inaugural tour 788: 786: 783: 602:Constantinople 581: 578: 495: 492: 428:Salian dynasty 399: 398: 391: 382: 381: 376: 372: 371: 366: 362: 361: 359:Salian Dynasty 356: 350: 349: 347: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 321: 315: 313: 307: 306: 294: 288: 287: 286: 285: 272: 268: 263: 262: 261: 260: 257: 255: 251: 250: 240: 238: 234: 233: 228:(aged 39) 224:5 October 1056 222: 218: 217: 207: 203: 202: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 83: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 62: 61: 54: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6285: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845:Agnes of Loon 5843: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5560:(c.716–c.719) 5558: 5555: 5553: 5552:(c.716–c.719) 5550: 5547: 5545: 5544:(c.716–c.719) 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5503: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5476:Lower Bavaria 5474: 5472: 5471:Upper Bavaria 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5456: 5449: 5444: 5442: 5437: 5435: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5414: 5408: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5384: 5382: 5376: 5374: 5368: 5366: 5362:Frederick II 5360: 5358: 5352: 5350: 5344: 5342: 5336: 5334: 5328: 5326: 5320: 5318: 5312: 5310: 5304: 5302: 5296: 5294: 5288: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5256: 5254: 5248: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5227: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5209: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5187: 5181: 5179: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5151: 5145: 5143: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5094: 5088: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5056: 5054: 5048: 5046: 5040: 5038: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4995: 4993: 4987: 4985: 4979: 4977: 4971: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4955: 4953: 4947: 4945: 4939: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4923: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4907: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4883: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4851: 4849: 4843: 4841: 4835: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4819: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4807: 4801: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4756: 4754: 4748: 4746: 4740: 4738: 4732: 4730: 4724: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4626:Frederick III 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612:German Empire 4609: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4571: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4552:German Empire 4549: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4454:Ferdinand III 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4434:Maximilian II 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4414:Frederick III 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4089: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4059: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 4000:Ferdinand III 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3980:Maximilian II 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3960:Frederick III 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3754: 3748: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3727: 3721: 3717: 3708: 3707: 3700: 3694: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3673: 3667: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3650: 3649:King of Italy 3645: 3642: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3576: 3575: 3568: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3530: 3522: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3478: 3474: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3408:(in German). 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3390:Keynes, Simon 3387: 3383: 3381:0-521-39489-9 3377: 3373: 3368: 3367: 3354: 3349: 3343:, p. 46. 3342: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3278: 3272:, p. 31. 3271: 3266: 3264: 3255: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3236: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3182: 3174: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3155: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3123: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3104: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3040: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3005: 3000: 2992: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2973: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2939: 2937: 2928: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2909: 2907: 2898: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2876: 2860: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2806: 2801: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2778:(171): 1–15. 2777: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2754: 2748: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2718:, p. 84. 2717: 2712: 2705: 2700: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2650: 2645: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2621: 2614: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2597: 2592: 2586:, p. 30. 2585: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2562:, p. 29. 2561: 2556: 2549: 2544: 2538:, p. 28. 2537: 2532: 2526:, p. 53. 2525: 2520: 2513: 2508: 2502:, p. 54. 2501: 2496: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2473:, p. 85. 2472: 2467: 2461:, p. 79. 2460: 2455: 2453: 2445: 2440: 2434:, p. 78. 2433: 2428: 2422:, p. 19. 2421: 2416: 2410:, p. 42. 2409: 2404: 2396: 2395: 2387: 2381:, p. 22. 2380: 2375: 2369:, p. 34. 2368: 2363: 2361: 2354:, p. 28. 2353: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2334: 2329: 2323:, p. 27. 2322: 2317: 2310: 2305: 2299:, p. 87. 2298: 2293: 2287:, p. 37. 2286: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2255: 2242: 2234: 2227: 2208: 2205:Thomas Zotz. 2201: 2182: 2175: 2167: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2148: 2146: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2088: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1990:– 6 May 1053) 1989: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1928: 1927:) at Goslar. 1926: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1805: 1797: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1632:'s palace at 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1421:Sylvester III 1418: 1414: 1406: 1403:Henry before 1401: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1262: 1254: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191:Peter Orseolo 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136:consanguinity 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1093: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 984: 980: 975: 971: 968: 964: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 897: 888: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 865: 863: 859: 855: 854:Peter Orseolo 851: 846: 844: 840: 836: 833:where he met 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 807:Low Countries 800: 796: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 668: 663: 660: 656: 652: 648: 640: 636: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 558: 556: 552: 547: 545: 541: 537: 533: 532:royal charter 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 491: 489: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 467:King of Italy 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 396: 392: 389: 388: 383: 380: 377: 373: 370: 367: 363: 360: 357: 355: 351: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 314: 312: 308: 291: 284: 283: 266: 259: 258: 256: 252: 247: 243: 239: 235: 232: 223: 219: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 173: 169: 168:King of Italy 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 146: 142:14 April 1028 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 103: 100: 96: 93: 89: 84: 82: 78: 74: 70: 67: 63: 58: 52: 47: 44: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6206: 6204:Maximilian I 6198: 6190: 6182: 6173: 6165: 6157: 6149: 6141: 6133: 6125: 6117: 6109: 6101: 6093: 6085: 6077: 6069: 6061: 6053: 6045: 6037: 6029: 6021: 6012: 6003: 5994: 5985: 5977: 5968: 5959: 5951: 5943: 5935: 5927: 5919: 5911: 5903: 5895: 5887: 5879: 5871: 5863: 5855: 5847: 5839: 5831: 5823: 5815: 5807: 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Routledge. 3418: 3409: 3405: 3393: 3371: 3348: 3313: 3301: 3287: 3277: 3270:Whitney 1968 3242: 3235: 3223:. Retrieved 3218: 3208: 3188: 3181: 3161: 3154: 3144: 3130: 3110: 3103: 3091:. Retrieved 3079: 3075: 3038: 2999: 2979: 2972: 2948: 2944:Boshof, Egon 2915: 2885: 2875: 2863:. Retrieved 2832: 2805:Wolfram 2006 2800: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2747: 2716:Wolfram 2006 2711: 2704:Wolfram 2006 2699: 2687:. Retrieved 2673: 2666:Wolfram 2006 2649:Wolfram 2006 2644: 2637:Wolfram 2006 2632: 2625:Wolfram 2006 2620: 2613:Wolfram 2006 2596:Wolfram 2006 2591: 2579: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2531: 2519: 2512:Wolfram 2006 2507: 2495: 2488:Wolfram 2006 2466: 2459:Wolfram 2006 2444:Wolfram 2006 2439: 2432:Wolfram 2006 2427: 2415: 2408:Wolfram 2006 2403: 2393: 2386: 2379:Wolfram 2006 2374: 2367:Wolfram 2006 2352:Wolfram 2006 2335:, p. 6. 2328: 2321:Wolfram 2006 2316: 2311:, p. 5. 2304: 2292: 2285:Wolfram 2006 2280: 2271: 2262: 2241:cite journal 2226: 2214:. Retrieved 2200: 2188:. Retrieved 2174: 2154: 2117:. 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Retrieved 2080: 1934: 1924: 1897: 1886: 1878: 1859: 1840: 1810: 1778: 1762: 1735: 1714: 1703: 1686: 1668: 1642: 1599: 1552: 1528: 1493: 1474: 1470: 1468: 1456:second court 1429: 1410: 1370: 1339: 1320: 1306:Golden Lance 1305: 1267: 1223: 1207: 1188: 1153: 1113: 1080: 1076: 1066: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1045:until 1920. 1038: 1008: 988: 978: 960: 929: 924: 920: 916: 900: 866: 847: 804: 801:of Henry III 778: 764: 737: 690: 671: 664: 644: 624: 610: 583: 559: 548: 497: 481:, freed the 475:papal schism 470: 440: 419: 415: 412:Heinrich III 403: 402: 387:Signum manus 385: 226:(1056-10-05) 40: 29: 6238:1056 deaths 6233:1016 births 6207:(1597–1623) 6199:(1579–1597) 6191:(1550–1579) 6183:(1516–1545) 6059:William III 5995:(1347–1365) 5864:(1231–1253) 5856:(1183–1231) 5840:(1180–1183) 5832:(1156–1180) 5824:(1143–1156) 5816:(1139–1141) 5808:(1126–1138) 5800:(1120–1126) 5792:(1101–1120) 5784:(1077–1096) 5768:(1061–1070) 5760:(1054–1055) 5744:(1049–1053) 5736:(1042–1047) 5728:(1026–1042) 5597:Tassilo III 5536:(c.680–716) 5525:Garibald II 5412:(1530–1556) 5404:(1452–1493) 5396:(1431–1437) 5388:(1355–1378) 5386:Charles IV 5380:(1327–1347) 5372:(1311–1313) 5364:(1212–1250) 5356:(1209–1212) 5348:(1186–1197) 5340:(1154–1186) 5332:(1138–1152) 5330:Conrad III 5324:(1125–1137) 5316:(1106–1125) 5308:(1093–1101) 5300:(1056–1105) 5292:(1039–1056) 5284:(1026–1039) 5276:(1004–1024) 5268:(1002–1014) 5191:Lothair II 5125:Berengar I 5120:Unruochings 5066:Charles II 5005:Desiderius 4981:Hildeprand 4957:Aripert II 4812:Interregnum 4614:(1871–1918) 4595:(1867–1871) 4576:(1850–1866) 4554:(1848/1849) 4542:Ferdinand I 4530:(1815–1848) 4511:(1806–1813) 4479:Charles VII 4429:Ferdinand I 4311:Henry (VII) 4286:Frederick I 4020:Charles VII 3975:Ferdinand I 3920:Frederick I 3915:Lothair III 3845:Charles III 3820:Charlemagne 3596:(1053–1056) 3587:(1028–1039) 3306:Keynes 1999 3225:16 February 3093:16 February 3019:Schutz 2010 2865:15 February 2689:15 February 2548:Schutz 2010 2216:15 February 2190:15 February 1981:Gandersheim 1973:Adelaide II 1957:Gandersheim 1953:Quedlinburg 1925:kaiserpfalz 1742:Mezzogiorno 1722:Gebhard III 1700:Final years 1630:Charlemagne 1626:Netherlands 1454:and held a 1436:Crescentian 1417:Benedict IX 1377:Quedlinburg 1344:had seized 1333:, count of 1108:Lotharingia 932:Bretislav I 901:Kaiserpfalz 839:Bretislav I 536:Charlemagne 186:Predecessor 151:Predecessor 98:Predecessor 6222:Categories 6123:Albert III 6043:Jacqueline 6035:William II 6000:Stephen II 5983:Meinhard I 5877:Henry XIII 5781:Henry VIII 5749:Henry VIII 5557:Tassilo II 5509:Garibald I 5410:Charles V 5394:Sigismund 5370:Henry VII 5306:Conrad II 5290:Henry III 5282:Conrad II 5260:(996–1002) 5235:(962–1556) 5050:Lothair I 4973:Liutprand 4949:Raginpert 4909:Perctarit 4885:Perctarit 4869:Aripert I 4734:Theodahad 4726:Athalaric 4718:Theodoric 4710:Ostrogoths 4631:William II 4518:Napoleon I 4499:Francis II 4494:Leopold II 4474:Charles VI 4387:Wenceslaus 4375:Charles IV 4281:Henry (VI) 4276:Conrad III 4205:(962–1806) 4200:within the 4110:during the 4040:Francis II 4035:Leopold II 4015:Charles VI 3985:Rudolph II 3950:Charles IV 3840:Charles II 3737:1039–1047 3710:1038–1045 3683:1026–1041 3664:1046–1056 3653:1039–1056 3629:1038–1056 3520:027102738X 3482:0812235088 3412:: 217–227. 3353:Lohse 2013 3221:. Academia 3004:Ryley 1964 2990:0801419743 2949:Die Salier 2272:Britannica 2137:Ryley 1964 2119:1 February 2093:1 February 2072:References 2022:Regensburg 1657:Damasus II 1636:and burnt 1575:Strasbourg 1559:chancellor 1508:Pandulf IV 1464:Clement II 1425:Gregory VI 1226:Böckelheim 1176:Gothelo II 1162:, Duke of 991:Strasbourg 967:Samuel Aba 940:Regensburg 921:St. Ulrich 691:Henry and 655:Lorrainian 594:Regensburg 508:Franconian 494:Early life 212:1016-10-28 139:Coronation 122:(formally 81:Coronation 6139:Sigismund 6027:Albert II 6009:William I 5941:Henry XIV 5917:Rudolph I 5893:Stephen I 5885:Louis III 5813:Leopold I 5757:Conrad II 5733:Henry VII 5704:(983–985) 5696:(976–982) 5680:(947–955) 5672:(938–947) 5664:(937–938) 5656:(907–937) 5600:(748–788) 5584:(736–748) 5576:(725–736) 5568:(715–725) 5541:Theodbert 5528:(610–625) 5520:(591–610) 5517:Tassilo I 5512:(555–591) 5378:Louis IV 5346:Henry VI 5298:Henry IV 5274:Henry II 5266:Arduin I 5258:Otto III 5252:(980–983) 5244:(962–973) 5215:(950–963) 5213:Adalbert 5207:(950–963) 5200:Anscarids 5193:(945–950) 5185:(926–947) 5177:(900–905) 5175:Louis II 5163:(922–933) 5149:(891–897) 5141:(889–894) 5134:Guideschi 5127:(887–924) 5092:(896–899) 5084:(879–887) 5076:(877–879) 5074:Carloman 5068:(875–877) 5060:(855–875) 5052:(818–855) 5044:(810–818) 5036:(781–810) 5028:(774–814) 5007:(756–774) 4999:(749–756) 4991:(744–749) 4975:(712–744) 4965:Ansprand 4959:(702–712) 4943:(700–702) 4941:Liutpert 4935:(689–700) 4933:Cunipert 4919:(688–689) 4917:Cunipert 4911:(671–688) 4901:Garibald 4895:(662–671) 4893:Grimoald 4887:(661–662) 4879:(661–662) 4877:Godepert 4871:(653–661) 4863:(652–653) 4855:(636-652) 4847:(626–636) 4839:(616–626) 4837:Adaloald 4831:(590–616) 4823:(584–590) 4815:(574–584) 4805:(572–574) 4797:(568–572) 4776:(552–553) 4768:(541–552) 4752:(540–541) 4744:(536–540) 4736:(534–536) 4728:(526–534) 4720:(493–526) 4690:(476–493) 4621:William I 4602:William I 4537:Francis I 4489:Joseph II 4484:Francis I 4464:Leopold I 4439:Rudolf II 4424:Charles V 4409:Albert II 4404:Sigismund 4360:Henry VII 4316:Conrad IV 4237:Henry III 4232:Conrad II 4164:(919–962) 4159:(911–919) 4115:(843–911) 4030:Joseph II 4025:Francis I 4005:Leopold I 3970:Charles V 3955:Sigismund 3940:Henry VII 3900:Henry III 3895:Conrad II 3865:Louis III 3830:Lothair I 3753:Eckard II 3726:Conrad II 3699:Herman IV 3689:Henry VII 3618:Conrad II 3583:Conrad II 3578:1028–1056 3567:Conrad II 2006:anti-king 1829:Roncaglia 1821:Spitignev 1717:Pressburg 1669:the White 1667:, called 1579:Constance 1561:Hunfried 1543:Benevento 1476:patricius 1381:Merseburg 1335:Orlamünde 1292:with the 1284:with the 1230:Kreuznach 1071:that the 1027:Aquitaine 999:Henry VII 961:In 1040, 869:Ingelheim 831:Thuringia 813:, and in 752:Conrad II 733:Pentecost 432:Conrad II 420:the Pious 416:the Black 404:Henry III 244:(heart); 194:Successor 189:Conrad II 159:Successor 154:Conrad II 108:Successor 102:Conrad II 35:Henry III 6018:Albert I 5991:Louis VI 5957:Louis IV 5901:Otto III 5741:Conrad I 5725:Henry VI 5709:Henry IV 5669:Berthold 5661:Eberhard 5645:Luitpold 5637:Engeldeo 5613:Carloman 5565:Grimoald 5549:Theobald 5354:Otto IV 5314:Henry V 5250:Otto II 5170:Bosonids 5161:Rudolph 5147:Lambert 5058:Louis I 5042:Bernard 4997:Aistulf 4989:Ratchis 4861:Rodoald 4853:Rothari 4845:Arioald 4829:Agilulf 4821:Authari 4787:Lombards 4750:Ildibad 4742:Vitiges 4688:Odoacer 4469:Joseph I 4444:Matthias 4365:Louis IV 4355:Albert I 4345:Rudolf I 4291:Henry VI 4242:Henry IV 4227:Henry II 4222:Otto III 4171:Conrad I 4127:Carloman 4058:Category 4010:Joseph I 3990:Matthias 3945:Louis IV 3925:Henry VI 3905:Henry IV 3890:Henry II 3885:Otto III 3870:Berengar 3835:Louis II 3640:Henry IV 3603:Henry IV 3592:Henry IV 3509:(2006). 3452:(2010). 3440:(eds.). 3285:(1841). 3142:(1928). 2946:(2008). 2883:(2006). 2792:24405426 2736:Archived 2060:See also 1949:Beatrice 1866:Henry IV 1847:Florence 1781:Adalbert 1750:Humphrey 1653:Adalbert 1634:Nijmegen 1622:Andrew I 1614:Thietmar 1595:Eberhard 1591:Adalbero 1567:Piacenza 1481:Frascati 1440:simoniac 1432:Tusculan 1362:Adalbert 1346:Flushing 1270:Augsburg 1184:Nijmegen 1031:Danubian 923:and the 799:Monogram 767:Adriatic 729:Nijmegen 667:accolade 659:Bohemian 647:Egilbert 562:Augsburg 551:Henry II 544:Burgundy 520:Liutgard 488:Lorraine 455:Ottonian 449:and the 197:Henry IV 172:Burgundy 162:Henry IV 112:Henry IV 57:Stavelot 6181:, Duke 6179:Louis X 6131:John IV 6083:John II 5933:Otto VI 5909:Matilda 5853:Louis I 5805:Henry X 5789:Welf II 5717:Henry V 5677:Henry I 5573:Hugbert 5242:Otto I 5228:within 5098:Ratold 5090:Arnulf 4925:Alahis 4795:Alboin 4766:Totila 4758:Eraric 4381:Günther 4339:Alfonso 4333:Richard 4328:William 4301:Otto IV 4266:Henry V 4255:Hermann 4217:Otto II 4176:Henry I 3930:Otto IV 3910:Henry V 3880:Otto II 3855:Lambert 3825:Louis I 3770:William 3716:Otto II 3672:Henry V 3363:Sources 3219:Francia 2772:History 2030:(1054, 2020:(1052, 1994:Matilda 1988:Ravenna 1975:(1045, 1900:Bodfeld 1872:of the 1851:Matilda 1835:held a 1770:Cambrai 1765:Silesia 1531:comital 1514:by the 1350:Bernold 1331:William 1290:Baldwin 1282:Henry I 1195:engaged 1180:Godfrey 1160:Gothelo 1156:Utrecht 1043:Austria 873:Aribert 850:Bavaria 815:Cologne 744:Aribert 717:Liutizi 709:England 613:Pilgrim 542:and to 483:Vatican 443:Bavaria 303: 295: 281: 273: 269: 254:Spouses 231:Bodfeld 6067:Ernest 5965:Otto V 5773:Welf I 5693:Otto I 5653:Arnulf 5533:Theodo 5034:Pepin 4803:Cleph 4392:Rupert 4296:Philip 4248:Rudolf 4212:Otto I 4188:Otto I 4182:Arnulf 4142:Arnulf 3875:Otto I 3860:Arnulf 3633:Vacant 3611:Vacant 3549: 3517: 3479: 3460: 3378: 3250: 3196: 3169: 3118: 3046: 2987: 2960: 2923: 2893: 2790: 2753:"1037" 2162: 2032:Goslar 2028:Judith 2018:Conrad 2008:(1077) 1998:Pöhlde 1977:Goslar 1912:Speyer 1908:Goslar 1882:plague 1862:Zürich 1825:Mantua 1673:Leo IX 1638:Verdun 1571:Verdun 1539:Aversa 1516:Norman 1444:Verona 1405:Tivoli 1323:Tribur 1228:(near 1219:Speyer 1215:Verdun 1211:Aachen 1099:, 1046 1011:Kievan 936:Stablo 909:Goslar 843:Poland 827:Goslar 823:Saxony 775:Naples 713:Norway 621:Aachen 586:Emeric 540:Swabia 528:Otto I 459:Salian 422:, was 408:German 390:(1049) 375:Mother 365:Father 248:(body) 237:Burial 5592:(748) 5589:Grifo 5581:Odilo 5183:Hugh 5156:Welfs 5100:(896) 4983:(744) 4967:(712) 4951:(701) 4927:(689) 4903:(671) 4774:Teia 4760:(541) 4398:Jobst 4350:Adolf 3764:1046 3581:with 3551:Died: 3544:Born: 2788:JSTOR 2210:(PDF) 2184:(PDF) 2012:Henry 1965:Agnes 1738:Henry 1645:Liège 1587:Trier 1504:Capua 1496:Capua 1452:Sutri 1448:Pavia 1413:Guido 1298:Bruno 1164:Lower 1144:Mainz 1019:Ivois 995:Basel 773:near 748:Milan 740:Italy 672:Upon 566:Bruno 512:Rhine 354:House 311:Issue 297:( 293: 275:( 271: 178:Reign 131:Reign 72:Reign 5230:the 5139:Guy 3743:Welf 3553:1056 3546:1017 3515:ISBN 3477:ISBN 3458:ISBN 3376:ISBN 3248:ISBN 3227:2020 3194:ISBN 3167:ISBN 3116:ISBN 3095:2020 3044:ISBN 2985:ISBN 2958:ISBN 2921:ISBN 2891:ISBN 2867:2020 2691:2020 2254:help 2218:2020 2192:2020 2160:ISBN 2121:2020 2095:2020 1955:and 1904:Harz 1889:Anno 1661:Cuno 1649:Wazo 1593:and 1585:and 1583:Metz 1555:Welf 1502:and 1446:and 1423:and 1387:and 1288:and 1274:Otto 1203:fief 1166:and 1122:and 954:—as 862:diet 756:Alps 711:and 699:and 657:and 502:and 465:and 457:and 434:and 221:Died 206:Born 170:and 92:Rome 6020:, 6011:, 6002:, 5993:, 5976:, 5967:, 3850:Guy 3293:125 3084:doi 2780:doi 1494:At 1079:or 915:of 858:Ulm 746:of 600:to 418:or 6224:: 5203:: 5173:: 5159:: 5137:: 5123:: 3428:. 3410:85 3325:^ 3295:–. 3262:^ 3217:. 3138:; 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Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor

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