1065:
1069:
1023:
578:
25:
941:
1013:
1002:
495:
140:
1036:
742:
required an interrupted screw breech. This, combined with the slightly longer barrel, resulted in a slightly improved range but also a lower rate of fire. At the same time, the petrol-fueled auxiliary power unit was exchanged with a diesel-fueled one, allowing it to use the same fuel as the towing
766:
The FH77 is manoeuvred by the gun layer, controlling the torque of the two main wheels through a joystick. Speed is regulated by changing the auxiliary power unit's revolutions per minute. The howitzer is deployed by spreading the trail legs, raising the castor wheels and driving the howitzer in
783:
auxiliary power unit, which gives the gun a top speed of 7 km/h. The engine is connected to three hydraulic pumps, of which two are linked to the wheels and one is used for a traverse, elevation, ramming and ammunition crane. The fuel tank could hold 40 litres, with two extra 20L
763:-crane for ammunition handling. The howitzer's auxiliary power unit can be started and controlled by the driver of the towing vehicle to give an extra boost during off-road driving. The maximum towing speed is 70 km/h (45 mph).
694:
was offered and tested. Though the price was low, the
Swedish Arms Administration found that the high maintenance costs, the low rate of fire and the limited mobility of the M109 made it worth the effort to develop a domestic howitzer.
886:
of less than 10 meters that are compatible with firing from
Haubits FH77 without the need for modification. Utilizing fin stabilization, canard control, and a three-mode fuse operation, the shell will be guided by
1044:
was developed after studying this gun and released in 2019. It is a 45 caliber gun and has a range of 38 km apart from other modernization like ballistic calculations, inbuilt gun-control-computer, sighting
1399:
727:
ammunition) could fire 4 rounds in 9 seconds, or 6 rounds in 25 seconds. In a sustained firing role, it could fire 6 rounds every two minutes for 20 minutes (i.e. 3 rounds per minute).
1346:
928:
This resulted in India not exercising the option for 48 additional FH77B, instead these guns were acquired by the
Swedish army and have now been converted into the
1157:
1395:
1212:
1116:
1260:
1444:
555:, some FH77A were modified into FH 77 AD L/45, while the series production were FH77Bs rebuilt into FH77 BW L/52. The carriage was also used for the
1235:
1193:
1089:
813:
Loader 2 and 3 would be working on the ground, providing shells to loader 1 by means of a hydraulic crane and loading cases in the loading trough.
859:
807:
The layer sits on the left hand side of the gun, operating the fire control computer and driving the howitzer when in self-deployment mode.
1294:
788:
as a reserve in front of the gun layer's position. The FH77B has the same configuration, but is powered by a
Mercedes-Benz diesel engine.
1316:
870:
propulsion that can cover 60 km+ range. The shell will use precision guidance kit for trajectory correction. IIT Madras is ensuring that
1369:
1342:
810:
Loader 1 is located to the right hand side of the gun and is in charge of supplying the shells from the loading table in front of him.
825:
The FH77A uses the m/77 (42 kg) 155mm HE shell combined with a plastic casing, containing six propellant charge increments.
556:
650:
89:
622:
61:
739:
735:
724:
669:
361:
108:
796:
The crew consists of 10–14 men. The minimum crew setup would be 4 men; commander, gun layer, loader 1 and loader 2.
629:
607:
68:
1268:
603:
46:
683:
636:
75:
1138:
731:
599:
375:
42:
1434:
1197:
1093:
618:
57:
723:
The rate of fire was, at the time, exceptionally high for a 155 mm howitzer. The FH77A (which uses
975:
barrel and lower rate of fire as a result of a modified breech block to use NATO-compatible ammunition.
972:
968:
958:
1439:
910:
710:
588:
1449:
985:
929:
917:, and several other members of the Swedish and Indian governments, who were accused of receiving
883:
760:
592:
552:
35:
768:
386:
1290:
863:
394:
1320:
1373:
369:
882:
IIT Madras is working with
Munitions India to develop 155 mm Smart Artillery Shells with a
717:
540:
643:
82:
8:
836:
364:
ammunition, propellant charge is contained in a plastic cartridge case with a steel head
1429:
1041:
989:
988:– self-propelled FH77B-version with a 52 calibre gun mounted on the chassis of a Volvo
918:
780:
476:
333:
800:
The commander directs all the activity of the crew from a platform to the left of the
1040:
India – 410 acquired from 1986–1991. 200 left in service. An improved howitzer named
906:
548:
356:
1017:
Sweden – Approximately 220 FH77 delivered to the
Swedish Army between 1979 and 1984.
1213:"IIT-M working on next-gen Ramjet-powered 155mm artillery shells for Indian Army"
1117:"IIT-M working on next-gen Ramjet-powered 155mm artillery shells for Indian Army"
871:
759:
40). The truck was equipped with a crew compartment behind the driving cab and a
428:
900:
840:
535:
in India. There were several versions, the original (sometimes referred to as
1423:
752:
730:
In order to use standard NATO ammunition, the FH77B was developed. While the
691:
1396:"Army to soon induct indigenous artillery gun 'Dhanush' a.k.a 'desi bofors'"
909:
that occurred between Sweden and India during 1980s and 1990s, initiated by
914:
414:
285:
1236:"IIT-M and Munitions India to develop smart ammo for 155mm artillery guns"
828:
The FH77B uses standard NATO 155mm ammunition with bagged drive charges.
855:
851:
832:
450:
404:
301:
194:
682:
In the 1960s, Sweden started to look for a replacement for the French
801:
577:
24:
940:
785:
524:
281:
153:
957:– original baseline version with the Volvo B20A petrol engine and
455:
60 km+ (using Ramjet
Propelled Artillery Shell, under development)
1142:
1027:
1022:
1001:
494:
346:
139:
925:
for winning a bid to supply India's 155 mm field howitzer.
866:(RCI) are working on redesigning an existing 155 mm shell using
1012:
922:
867:
528:
521:
338:
209:
121:
Not to be confused with
British-German-Italian towed howitzer
1035:
888:
503:
1343:"Murky Competitions for Indian Howitzer Orders May End Soon"
1319:. South Asia Defence & Strategic Review. Archived from
483:
122:
891:. Its range will be 8 km at minimum and 38 km at maximum.
913:
politicians and implicating the Indian prime minister,
1370:"Higher calibre artillery gun to be ready by 2013:MoD"
1158:"Kargil: How Bofors guns made Pakistan eat humble pie"
816:
Loader 3 is normally the driver of the towing vehicle.
1066:"25 years of India's 'Watergate': The Bofors scandal"
709:
The result was a compromise between a more expensive
846:
716:The FH77 was the first field howitzer featuring an
463:
hydraulically powered flick rammer assisted loading
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
751:The dedicated towing vehicle for the FH77 was the
720:to make it self-propelled for tactical movement.
423:sustained 3 revolutions per minute for 20 minutes
1421:
877:
860:Armament Research and Development Establishment
835:ammunition developed for the FH77B, as well as
713:and a less mobile conventional towed howitzer.
1083:
1081:
1079:
433:300 to 770 m/s (980 to 2,530 ft/s)
606:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
315:Combat: 9.73 m (31 ft 11 in)
296:Combat: 11.60 m (38 ft 1 in)
1445:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s
1361:
1283:
1076:
979:
698:The requirements for a new gun would be:
670:Learn how and when to remove this message
562:
559:, used in the Swedish coastal artillery.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1087:
1000:
939:
746:
547:version with a 39 calibre barrel and an
493:
1367:
1335:
894:
774:
531:. It is also colloquially known as the
307:5.89 m (19 ft 4 in) L/38
1422:
1261:"What the Bofors scandal is all about"
1253:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
738:acting as a seal, it was decided that
1402:from the original on 25 February 2016
1155:
1349:from the original on 25 January 2013
1309:
1131:
604:adding citations to reliable sources
571:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1175:
1156:Dutta, Prabhash K. (26 July 2019).
510:
13:
1297:from the original on 14 April 2010
1233:
1210:
1114:
14:
1461:
1211:MP, Sidharth (21 February 2020).
1115:MP, Sidharth (21 February 2020).
944:Haubits FH77/B of the Indian Army
409:30° left or right from centreline
1234:MP, Sidharth (5 February 2024).
1034:
1021:
1011:
948:
847:Ramjet Propelled Artillery Shell
576:
527:, developed and manufactured by
438:Effective firing range
138:
23:
1388:
1090:"Swedish 155mm Field Howitzers"
1005:Map with FH77 operators in blue
905:The Bofors scandal was a major
549:interrupted ogival screw breech
539:) with a 38 calibre barrel and
34:needs additional citations for
1227:
1204:
1149:
1108:
1058:
551:. For the demonstrator of the
449:24 km (15 mi) (with
446:Maximum firing range
248:
184:
1:
1051:
1030:– 48 FH77B purchased in 1980.
820:
262:
16:Swedish 155 mm towed howitzer
996:
878:155 mm Smart Artillery Shell
874:can manufacture the shells.
705:High momentary rate of fire.
692:M109 self-propelled howitzer
7:
1194:"Startsida | Chalmers"
935:
684:Obusier de 155 mm Modèle 50
10:
1466:
898:
779:The FH77A is powered by a
567:
120:
482:
472:
467:
459:
445:
437:
427:
413:
403:
393:
382:
368:
355:
345:
332:
327:
319:
311:
300:
292:
276:
271:
258:
247:
239:
231:
223:
215:
205:
200:
190:
180:
172:
167:
160:Place of origin
159:
149:
137:
130:
969:Mercedes-Benz OM-616.918
967:– export version with a
514: Field Howitzer 77
378:block, hydraulic ramming
1317:"Artillery Booms Again"
1139:"Fälthaubits 77 - FH77"
986:Archer Artillery System
980:Vehicle-mounted variant
930:Archer Artillery System
791:
711:self-propelled howitzer
553:Archer Artillery System
541:sliding block mechanism
441:21 km (13 mi)
421:6 rounds in 25 seconds,
1006:
945:
864:Research Centre Imarat
767:reverse to anchor the
563:Design and development
504:
499:
419:4 rounds in 9 seconds,
415:Rate of fire
1291:"Arms trade register"
1004:
943:
831:Both are able to use
747:Driving and deploying
734:worked well with the
543:, the export version
497:
1398:. 8 September 2015.
1200:on 27 February 2005.
895:Controversy in India
775:Auxiliary power unit
718:auxiliary power unit
600:improve this section
429:Muzzle velocity
125:of the same caliber.
43:improve this article
1435:Artillery of Sweden
1376:on 16 December 2014
1323:on 27 November 2015
1096:on 27 February 2005
1072:on 5 January 2016.
1042:Dhanush (howitzer)
1007:
990:articulated hauler
946:
839:cluster round and
500:
389:with castor wheels
201:Production history
144:The Haubits FH77/A
1271:on 28 August 2012
907:political scandal
690:F). The American
680:
679:
672:
654:
492:
491:
119:
118:
111:
93:
1457:
1440:155 mm artillery
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1372:. Archived from
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1267:. Archived from
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1196:. Archived from
1190:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1145:on 7 April 2018.
1141:. Archived from
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1092:. Archived from
1085:
1074:
1073:
1068:. Archived from
1062:
1039:
1038:
1026:
1025:
1016:
1015:
889:NavIC satellites
837:Bofors 155 Bonus
675:
668:
664:
661:
655:
653:
612:
580:
572:
515:
512:
507:
485:
460:Feed system
250:
235:$ 695,000 (1986)
142:
133:
128:
127:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1154:
1150:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1086:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1033:
1020:
1010:
999:
982:
971:diesel engine,
951:
938:
903:
897:
880:
872:Munitions India
849:
823:
794:
777:
749:
676:
665:
659:
656:
613:
611:
597:
581:
570:
565:
513:
468:
454:
422:
420:
328:
173:In service
168:Service history
145:
132:Haubits FH77/A
131:
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1450:Bofors scandal
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1414:
1413:
1387:
1360:
1334:
1308:
1282:
1252:
1226:
1203:
1174:
1148:
1130:
1107:
1088:Mats Persson.
1075:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1031:
1018:
998:
995:
994:
993:
981:
978:
977:
976:
962:
950:
947:
937:
934:
901:Bofors Scandal
899:Main article:
896:
893:
879:
876:
848:
845:
843:guided round.
841:M982 Excalibur
822:
819:
818:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
793:
790:
776:
773:
748:
745:
740:bagged charges
707:
706:
703:
702:High mobility.
678:
677:
619:"Haubits FH77"
584:
582:
575:
569:
566:
564:
561:
505:Fälthaubits 77
498:Haubits FH77/A
490:
489:
486:
484:Maximum speed
480:
479:
474:
470:
469:
465:
464:
461:
457:
456:
447:
443:
442:
439:
435:
434:
431:
425:
424:
417:
411:
410:
407:
401:
400:
397:
391:
390:
384:
380:
379:
376:sliding breech
372:
366:
365:
359:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
336:
330:
329:
325:
324:
321:
317:
316:
313:
309:
308:
305:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
278:
274:
273:
272:Specifications
269:
268:
260:
256:
255:
252:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
232:Unit cost
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
176:1978 – present
174:
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
143:
135:
134:
117:
116:
58:"Haubits FH77"
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1462:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1418:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1375:
1371:
1368:Ritu Sharma.
1364:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1118:
1111:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1003:
991:
987:
984:
983:
974:
970:
966:
963:
960:
956:
953:
952:
949:Towed variant
942:
933:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
902:
892:
890:
885:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
844:
842:
838:
834:
829:
826:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
799:
798:
797:
789:
787:
782:
772:
770:
769:recoil spades
764:
762:
758:
754:
753:Scania SBA111
744:
741:
737:
736:cased charges
733:
732:sliding-block
728:
726:
721:
719:
714:
712:
704:
701:
700:
699:
696:
693:
689:
685:
674:
671:
663:
652:
649:
645:
642:
638:
635:
631:
628:
624:
621: –
620:
616:
615:Find sources:
609:
605:
601:
595:
594:
590:
585:This section
583:
579:
574:
573:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
520:is a Swedish
519:
508:
506:
496:
487:
481:
478:
477:Volvo B20 APU
475:
471:
466:
462:
458:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
430:
426:
418:
416:
412:
408:
406:
402:
398:
396:
392:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
371:
367:
363:
360:
358:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
337:
335:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:(25,400
283:
279:
275:
270:
267:
266:
261:
257:
253:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
208:
204:
199:
196:
193:
189:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
141:
136:
129:
124:
113:
110:
102:
99:February 2013
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1417:
1404:. Retrieved
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:the original
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1264:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1206:
1198:the original
1165:. Retrieved
1161:
1151:
1143:the original
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:the original
1070:the original
1060:
964:
954:
927:
915:Rajiv Gandhi
904:
881:
850:
830:
827:
824:
795:
778:
765:
756:
750:
729:
722:
715:
708:
697:
687:
681:
666:
657:
647:
640:
633:
626:
614:
598:Please help
586:
544:
537:Haubits 77 A
536:
532:
517:
502:
501:
304: length
280:11,500
264:
224:Manufacturer
181:Used by
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1406:17 February
1353:21 February
1327:21 February
1301:21 February
1162:India Today
862:(ARDE) and
854:along with
660:August 2022
387:split trail
374:Vertically
251: built
1424:Categories
1052:References
973:39-caliber
959:38-caliber
856:IIT Kanpur
852:IIT Madras
833:base bleed
821:Ammunition
786:jerry-cans
725:semi-fixed
630:newspapers
533:Bofors gun
451:base bleed
362:semi-fixed
195:Kargil War
69:newspapers
1430:Howitzers
1293:. SIPRI.
1219:22 August
1123:22 August
997:Operators
923:Bofors AB
919:kickbacks
802:gun layer
781:Volvo B20
743:vehicle.
587:does not
395:Elevation
243:1978–1984
185:Operators
1400:Archived
1347:Archived
1295:Archived
1265:IBN Live
936:Variants
911:Congress
525:howitzer
453:-round)
405:Traverse
399:-5°/+70°
383:Carriage
265:Variants
259:Variants
240:Produced
216:Designed
206:Designer
154:Howitzer
1275:1 March
1245:6 March
1167:9 April
1100:10 July
1028:Nigeria
961:barrel.
688:Haubits
644:scholar
608:removed
593:sources
568:History
511:transl.
347:Caliber
323:9 to 14
83:scholar
1380:16 May
1215:. WION
1119:. WION
965:FH77 B
955:FH77 A
868:ramjet
646:
639:
632:
625:
617:
545:FH77 B
529:Bofors
522:155 mm
488:6 km/h
473:Engine
370:Breech
357:Action
351:155 mm
339:155 mm
302:Barrel
293:Length
227:Bofors
210:Bofors
163:Sweden
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
921:from
651:JSTOR
637:books
557:KARIN
516:) or
334:Shell
312:Width
90:JSTOR
76:books
1408:2016
1382:2012
1355:2013
1329:2013
1303:2013
1277:2015
1247:2024
1240:WION
1221:2022
1169:2022
1125:2022
1102:2009
1045:etc.
792:Crew
761:HIAB
623:news
591:any
589:cite
518:FH77
341:NATO
320:Crew
277:Mass
263:See
219:1978
191:Wars
150:Type
123:FH70
62:news
884:CEP
757:Tgb
602:by
254:720
249:No.
45:by
1426::
1345:.
1263:.
1238:.
1177:^
1160:.
1078:^
932:.
858:,
771:.
286:lb
282:kg
1410:.
1384:.
1357:.
1331:.
1305:.
1279:.
1249:.
1223:.
1171:.
1127:.
1104:.
992:.
804:.
755:(
686:(
673:)
667:(
662:)
658:(
648:·
641:·
634:·
627:·
610:.
596:.
509:(
288:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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