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could devise and brutality execute. It is the sort of thing which makes it hard for us who are trying to protect the governmental sovereignty of the states. It will be effectively seized upon as a demonstration of the ability of states to govern. As one
Southern man to another, I hope I will not be considered impertinent by stating candidly my own reaction and that is that the State of Mississippi cannot escape this reflection upon its governmental capacity, in fact cannot escape in effect becoming an accessory after the fact unless it is able to and does bring these lynchers and officers to speedy and adequate punishment.” Sumners called for justice against anyone involved in the now-infamous lynchings including the sheriffs, writing, “The turning over of a prisoner, regardless of the crime charged against him, for execution by some agency other than that provided by the laws of the country is a confession of unfitness to govern.”
276:. He believed part of the solution to end lynching would start with local sentiment. In his zeal to protect states’ rights he stated the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill “would mark the greatest advance toward the obliteration of the states as independent governmental agencies which has yet been registered by any expression of legislative or public attitude." He also marked the bill as a direct threat to local and state responsibility stating, “This bill strikes at the very heart of state sovereignty and the sense of local responsibility. When you destroy these, what sort of protection have the people who live in a community,” and “it permits the Federal Government to lay coercive hands on states, and establishes a precedent of sweeping encroachment on states’ rights."
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228:, he brought charges against gamblers in an attempt to clean up Dallas. As a result of his investigations and his campaign against drinking and vice, Sumners was not re-elected in 1902. He continued his campaign against gambling and voting irregularities in Dallas, ultimately influencing state legislation enacted to reform the system. After that, Sumners was elected Dallas County prosecutor again. Instead of continuing in that position for additional terms, he accepted the presidency of the district and county attorneys' association of Texas in 1906 and 1907, where he campaigned against betting interests.
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343:, led the fight against the court plan because they saw the president’s request as a symbolic desire for unlimited power. Sumners, as chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, decided that the reorganization bill would not come up in his committee, because he wanted to avoid it being sent to and passing in the full House. He traveled around the country making speeches about constitutional government. The bill never left his committee.
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Speaking on the House floor while some
African Americans watched from the balcony, Sumners attacked the bill using racial stereotypes: "Only a short time ago... their ancestors roamed the jungles of Africa in absolute savagery…ou do not know where the beast is among them. Somewhere in that black mass
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on May 27th. The meeting would be construed as being opposed to anti-lynching legislation; whereas, to be effective it should be a meeting opposed to lynching. This suggestion is very important…everything should indicate that you are trying to stop mob violence and that this is the whole purpose of
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In the wake of the lynchings of
Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels in 1937, Sumners was asked to speak about anti-lynching legislation to the Mississippi Council of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, but declined, writing, “It has occurred to me that it would not be good strategy for
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While
Sumners started his time in Congress as a man viewed by some as unconcerned by racial violence, he was outspoken against states and figures he viewed as ineffective in stopping lynching. Less than a decade after he challenged the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, Sumners wrote in response to lynchings
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in 1936. As
Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Sumners discreetly worked in opposition. When the plan's bill was in trouble, Sumners reportedly said, "Boys, here's where I cash in my chips," referring to his waning support for the President. Ultimately, Chairman Sumners came out formally against
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Sumners was a lifetime defender of states' rights. He was quoted as saying, "There are but two sorts of government – a government by the people and a government the voice of which comes from the top downward. With us more and more, the voice of the government is spoken in
Washington downward to the
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In reference to the 1937 lynchings, an outraged
Sumners sent the Governor of Mississippi a telegram that stated “If the press reports are even approximately correct, and they seem to be, these lynchings, both with regard to lynchers and the officers involved, were as dastardly a crime as cowardice
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and worked with him to pass a bill amending the judicial code, also known as the "Judges Bill." Sumners appeared before the
Supreme Court several times on behalf of Congress, including for the Pocket Veto Case of 1928, the McCracken Contempt Case of 1934, and the Municipal Bankruptcy Act Case of
272:. Sumners said that the bill's sponsors did not have adequate statistics to prove their case (that lynching should be a federal crime), that the bill would increase racial mob violence. Sumners also questioned the constitutionality of the bill and posited the bill ultimately impinged on
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to the Sixty-third
Congress, taking office on March 4, 1913. He was the first of the 132 freshmen congressmen in that Congress to get a bill through the House; the bill made Dallas a port of entry for US Customs. In 1914, he ran for the seat from
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in
Mississippi in 1931, “What we want to do is to have a meeting to oppose lynchings in Mississippi and to see if we can get Mississippi to do something about it, and if we can get other states to become more effective in suppressing lynchings.”
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213:, at a time when the city was beginning to industrialize and was a booming business center. In 1895, as a 20-year-old newcomer to Dallas County, Sumners persuaded the Dallas City Attorney, Alfred P. Wozencraft, to let him "
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357:, “If these facts are true, or approximately true, this sheriff is not only guilty of a violation of official duty, of a cowardly act, but he is guilty of a direct assault upon the sovereignty of the state.”
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passed on June 11, 1946. The act governs the way administrative agencies of the federal government may propose and establish regulations and grants the judiciary oversight over all agency actions.
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Personal letter to Mrs. L. W. Alford, Chairman of the Mississippi Council of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, May 4, 1937, Dallas Historical Society, HWS Collection, D-75.8.
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He drew the line at Roosevelt's plan to expand the US Supreme Court, after the Court began to rule that key parts of the New Deal were unconstitutional. Roosevelt announced his so-called
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people. What we need in America is a people conscious of their responsibility, conscious of their power, conscious they are the government and then get on the job."
424:. Sumners formed the Hatton W. Sumners Foundation in 1949, which still awards loans and scholarships to worthy students. The foundation is also a sponsor of the
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353:. Sheriff Davis was investigated for any wrongdoing associated with the lynching of Payne. Upon hearing the news, Sumners warned Florida Governor
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Western Union Telegram to Honorable Hugh White, Governor of Mississippi, April 14, 1937, Dallas Historical Society, HWS Collection, D-97.6.
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217:" in his office, a common alternative to law school. Sumners was admitted to the bar in 1897 and commenced practice in Dallas.
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Personal letter to then Florida Governor Millard Caldwell, October 17, 1945, Dallas Historical Society, HWS Collection, D-116.
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In 1945, Sumners responded strongly to the lynching of Jesse James Payne, a prisoner in custody of Sheriff Lonnie T. Davis in
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Ross, Charlie (January 7, 1922). "Dyer's Arguments in Favor of Antilynching bill; Answer Summers of Texas, Chief Opponent".
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443:. He died on April 19, 1962. After services in the Highland Park Methodist Church in Dallas, he was interred in the
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of people is the man who would outrage your wife or your child, and every man who lives in the country knows it."
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He faced two serious opponents in the 1938 election, but was re-elected and was not seriously challenged again.
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Davis, Jack. E. (January 1990). ""Whitewash" in Florida: The Lynching of Jesse James Payne and Its Aftermath".
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1936. Sumners became Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in 1932. In 1934, he drafted a constitution for the
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Personal letter to Attorney General of Alabama, A. A. Carmichael, May 25, 1937, DHS, HWS Collection, D-75.8.
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Hatton Sumners, the second of three children of William A. and Anna Elizabeth Walker Sumners, was born near
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Personal letter to Mrs. Jessie Danie Ames, May 12, 1931, Dallas Historical Society, HWS Collection, D-75.8
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in a more efficient manner. This legislation was passed by both houses and signed into law in three days.
315:, developing a reputation as an authority on constitutional law. Sumners was responsible for bringing the
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489:#91, Baylor Collections of Political Materials, W. R. Poage Legislative Library, Baylor University.
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me to make an address on the subject suggested at the Public Meeting to be held by your Council at
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In 1946, Sumners announced he would not seek re-election; he served seventeen consecutive terms.
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202:, on May 30, 1875. He grew up on a farm in Lincoln County and attended local schools.
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618:"Uphill All the Way: The Fortunes of Progressivism, 1919-1929 (Copyright KcM 2013)"
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Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas
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432:, the Red Cross, and his local church also benefitted from Sumner's generosity.
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and was appointed regularly to investigate allegations of corruption among
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After leaving Congress, Sumners was the Director of Research for the
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291:. He served on the impeachment committees for three federal judges:
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386:. This act gave President Roosevelt increased powers to execute
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the Court-packing plan. He and two other Texans, Vice President
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American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law
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to Dallas. As a loyal Democrat, he supported much of President
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638:
At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America
53:
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January 4, 1922 United States Congressional Record, page 793
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In 1924, Sumners became acquainted with U.S. Chief Justice
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Sumners chaired the House Judiciary Committee when the
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Sumners, Hatton (February 19, 1942). "We the People".
913:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
285:
Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives
926:Handbook of Texas Online - SUMNERS, HATTON WILLIAM
435:Sumners received an honorary doctor of laws from
257:, Hill, and Bosque counties, and he was elected.
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921:Old Red Museum, Dallas County Historical Society
556:National Association of Retail Druggists Journal
499:Old Red Museum, Dallas County Historical Society
224:in 1900, serving two non-consecutive terms. As
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220:Sumners was elected as prosecuting attorney of
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598:January 4, 1922 Congressional Record, page 803
268:, introduced by a Republican congressman from
236:Sumners ran for and was elected in 1912 to an
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428:project 'Vote Smart.' Organizations like the
992:U.S. House of Representatives
957:U.S. House of Representatives
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264:In the 1920s, Sumners spoke out against the
178:(May 30, 1875 – April 19, 1962) was a
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1026:Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee
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48:U.S. House of Representatives
569:"Filibuster Delays Anti-Lynching Bill,"
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66:March 4, 1913 – January 3, 1947
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674:MONROE, MARY CATHERINE (2010-06-15).
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461:The Private Citizen and His Democracy
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394:Response to lynchings in Mississippi
1407:People from Fayetteville, Tennessee
963:Texas's at-large congressional seat
699:PATENAUDE, LIONEL V. (2010-06-12).
35:Bain News Service photo, circa 1915
13:
1427:County district attorneys in Texas
998:Texas's 5th congressional district
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247:Texas's 5th congressional district
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1442:20th-century American legislators
931:Hatton W. Sumners Foundation Home
908:"Hatton W. Sumners (id: S001072)"
641:. Random House Publishing Group.
635:Dray, Philip (18 December 2007).
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726:The Florida Historical Quarterly
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441:American Bar Association Medal
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1417:20th-century American lawyers
990:Member of the
955:Member of the
940:U.S. House of Representatives
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437:Southern Methodist University
422:Southwestern Legal Foundation
833:– via Wayback Machine.
701:"COURT-PACKING PLAN OF 1937"
362:Administrative Procedure Act
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778:The Years of Lyndon Johnson
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676:"SUMNERS, HATTON WILLIAM"
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906:United States Congress.
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586:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
382:Sumners introduced the
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266:Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
200:Fayetteville, Tennessee
128:Fayetteville, Tennessee
1009:Joseph Franklin Wilson
504:June 29, 2007, at the
384:War Powers Act of 1941
378:War Powers Act of 1941
176:Hatton William Sumners
87:Joseph Franklin Wilson
1397:Methodists from Texas
786:Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
487:Hatton Sumners Papers
270:Saint Louis, Missouri
205:In 1893, he moved to
194:Early life and career
182:Congressman from the
881:"Project Vote Smart"
622:www.kevincmurphy.com
317:Federal Reserve Bank
826:on October 17, 2015
308:William Howard Taft
232:Service in Congress
16:American politician
984:James Andrew Beall
445:Knights of Pythias
341:Thomas T. Connally
332:court-packing plan
321:Franklin Roosevelt
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76:new district
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1387:1962 deaths
1382:1875 births
416:Final years
351:Madison, FL
313:Philippines
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1376:Categories
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1003:1915-1947
968:1913-1915
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540:2008-11-02
467:References
226:prosecutor
180:Democratic
160:Profession
154:Democratic
1342:Goodlatte
1247:Henderson
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1232:Culberson
1177:McLanahan
1132:Beardsley
463:in 1959.
451:, Texas.
253:, Ellis,
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1277:Volstead
1172:Thompson
1157:Saunders
1142:Sergeant
1117:Buchanan
1097:Sergeant
887:July 18,
782:New York
772:(1982).
759:USC §706
738:30146708
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439:and the
426:Internet
325:New Deal
255:Rockwall
242:Democrat
215:read law
164:Attorney
98:At-large
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1287:Sumners
1267:Clayton
1257:Jenkins
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1207:Bingham
1197:Hickman
1192:Houston
1187:Simmons
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