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493:. At Harvard, Birkhoff also got him a job as Instructor of Mathematics for the years 1930–31, and an Assistant Professorship for the years 1934–35. Later on he held the following working positions: NRC Fellow, Mathematics, 1931–33; Assistant Professor, 1935–40; Associate Professor, 1940–46, Professor, 1946–52; Professor Instructor,
867:
Whitney had, throughout the 1950s, an almost unique interest in the topology of singular spaces and in singularities of smooth maps. An old idea, implicit even in the notion of a simplicial complex, was to study a singular space by decomposing it into smooth pieces (nowadays called "strata"). Whitney
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Throughout his life he pursued two particular hobbies with excitement: music and mountain-climbing. An accomplished player of the violin and the viola, Whitney played with the
Princeton Musical Amateurs. He would run outside, 6 to 12 miles every other day. As an undergraduate, with his cousin Bradley
915:
In 1967, he became involved full-time in educational problems, especially at the elementary school level. He spent many years in classrooms, both teaching mathematics and observing how it is taught. He spent four months teaching pre-algebra mathematics to a classroom of seventh graders and conducted
417:
He married three times: his first wife was
Margaret R. Howell, married on the 30 May 1930. They had three children, James Newcomb, Carol and Marian. After his first divorce, on January 16, 1955 he married Mary Barnett Garfield. He and Mary had two daughters, Sarah Newcomb (later a notable
856:, as these concepts emerged in the late 1930s, and his work on algebraic topology continued into the 40s. He also returned to the study of functions in the 1940s, continuing his work on the extension problems formulated a decade earlier, and answering a question of
446:, New Hampshire in 1929. It was the hardest and most famous rock climb in the East. He was a member of the Swiss Alpine Society and the Yale Mountaineering Society (the precursor to the Yale Outdoors Club) and climbed most of the mountain peaks in Switzerland.
429:
to design a new residence for their family in Weston, Massachusetts. They purchased a rocky hillside site on a historic road, next door to another
International Style house by Goodell from several years earlier, designed for Richard and Caroline Field.
880:
in the 1960s showed that these conditions give a very robust definition of stratified space. The singularities in low dimension of smooth mappings, later to come to prominence in the work of René Thom, were also first studied by
Whitney.
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which he felt leads young pupils to avoid mathematics. Whitney spread the ideas of teaching mathematics to students in ways that relate the content to their own lives as opposed to teaching them rote memorization.
509:, 1957; Memorial Committee, Support of Research in Mathematical Sciences, National Research Council, 1966–67; President, International Commission of Mathematical Instruction, 1979–82; Research Mathematician,
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Whitney's lifelong interest in geometric properties of functions also began around this time. His earliest work in this subject was on the possibility of extending a function defined on a closed subset of
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Much of the vast literature on the integral during the last two centuries concerns extending the class of integrable functions. In contrast, our viewpoint is akin to that taken by
Hassler Whitney.
829:".) This basic result shows that manifolds may be treated intrinsically or extrinsically, as we wish. The intrinsic definition had been published only a few years earlier in the work of
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1489:, p. 18). Kendig also writes that him apparently being in good health, the physicians attributed the cause of the stroke to the treatments for prostate cancer he was undergoing.
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Whitney and his first wife
Margaret made an innovative decision in 1939 that influenced the history of modern architecture in New England, when they commissioned the architect
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Three years after his third marriage, on 10 May 1989, Whitney died in
Princeton, after suffering a stroke. In accordance with his wish, Hassler Whitney's ashes rest atop
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was the first to see any subtlety in this definition, and pointed out that a good "stratification" should satisfy conditions he termed "A" and "B", now referred to as
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These aspects of
Whitney's work have looked more unified, in retrospect and with the general development of singularity theory. Whitney's purely topological work (
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837:. These theorems opened the way for much more refined studies of embedding, immersion and also of smoothing—that is, the possibility of having various
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Hassler
Whitney published 82 works: all his published articles, included the ones listed in this section and the preface of the book
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summer courses for teachers. He traveled widely to lecture on the subject in the United States and abroad. He worked toward removing
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477:, where he received baccalaureate degrees in physics and in music, respectively in 1928 and in 1929. Later, in 1932, he earned a
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422:), and Emily Baldwin. Finally, Whitney divorced his second wife and married Barbara Floyd Osterman on 8 February 1986.
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relied on some of his results. His work in graph theory culminated in a 1933 paper, where he laid the foundations for
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2158:(2013), "Chapter 4. Analysis and Algebra Meet Topology: Marston Morse, Hassler Whitney, and Saunders Mac Lane",
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370:, was an artist and political activist. He was the paternal nephew of Connecticut Governor and Chief Justice
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601:. Many of his contributions were to the graph-coloring, and the ultimate computer-assisted solution to the
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are 2-isomorphic if one can be transformed into the other by applying operations of the following types:
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applied with singularities on the boundary:. Later, his work on such topics inspired the researches of
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572:). In 1976 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. In 1980 he was elected honorary member of the
528:, 1949–54; Chairman of the Committee vis. lectureship, 1946–51; Committee Summer Instructor, 1953–54;,
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2366:: Biography of Hassler Whitney from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
2088:(2004), "Whitney's Geometric Integration and Its Use in Continuum Mechanics", in Capriz, Gianfranco;
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descendant, and Mary
Hassler Newcomb, granddaughter of the first superintendent of the Coast Survey
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with certain smoothness properties. A complete solution to this problem was found only in 2005 by
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Hassler Whitney — The First Century of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction
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1448:, p. 474): Thom cites Josiah Whitney explicitly while Chern simply states that:-"
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Whence the Boundary Conditions in Modern Continuum Physics? (Roma 14–16 ottobre 2002)
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Hassler Whitney was born on March 23, 1907, in New York City, where his father,
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scholar. Whitney was the great-grandson of Connecticut Governor and US Senator
289:
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1950:
Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série générale, La Vie des sciences
1915:
979:
628:: one such theorem, now called Whitney's 2-Isomorphism Theorem, states: Given
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501:, 1952–77; Professor Emeritus, 1977–89; Chairman of the Mathematics Panel,
461:
in Switzerland where Oscar Burlet, another mathematician and member of the
123:
30:
1940:
873:
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1078:, Princeton Mathematical Series, vol. 21, Princeton, NJ and London:
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in the mid 1930s. In this paper Whitney proved several theorems about
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2510:
2490:
2272:
Shields, Allen (1988), "Differentiable manifolds: Weyl and Whitney",
2029:
1729:
1228:
744:
442:
Gilman, Whitney made the first ascent of the Whitney–Gilman ridge on
330:
294:
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1177:
1126:
1034:
971:
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606:
455:
383:
326:
2354:
Interview with Hassler Whitney about his experiences at Princeton
2028:, Mathematics and Its Application (Soviet Series), vol. 46,
1975:
1844:(September 1994), "Hassler Whitney (23 March 1907-10 May 1989)",
1476:, p. 18) clarifies Princeton, NJ as his correct death place.
399:
138:
2214:
2037:
2033:
1894:"Hassler Whitney, Geometrician; He Eased 'Mathematics Anxiety'"
1224:
245:
2399:
394:. His maternal grandparents were astronomer and mathematician
2233:, Oxford Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 3, Oxford:
86:
390:, and the great-great-grandson of American founding father
6641:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
825:> 2, by a technique that has come to be known as the "
478:
99:
1450:... a great uncle was the first to survey Mount Whitney
1274:, Contemporary Mathematicians, Basel–Boston–Stuttgart:
1834:
1608:
See the official list of honorary members redacted by
513:, 1943–45; Construction of the School of Mathematics.
2127:"Review: Geometric integration theory, by H. Whitney"
795:
753:
695:
666:
532:; American National Council Teachers of Mathematics,
6661:
Harvard University Department of Mathematics faculty
1309:, Contemporary Mathematicians, Boston–Basel–Berlin:
6676:
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
1615:
1307:
The collected papers of Hassler Whitney. Volume II.
597:Whitney's earliest work, from 1930 to 1933, was on
1272:The collected papers of Hassler Whitney. Volume I.
813:
777:
710:
681:
536:(Honorary), Swiss Mathematics Society (Honorary),
2884:
2326:
2102:, Atti dei Convegni Lincei, vol. 210, Roma:
1455:
1160:"The Mathematics of Physical Quantities. Part II"
951:"Congruent Graphs and the Connectivity of Graphs"
6597:
5169:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
2096:; Pitteri, Mario; Podio-Guidugli, Paolo (eds.),
1713:(1993), "Stokes' theorem for nonsmooth chains",
1109:"The Mathematics of Physical Quantities. Part I"
1019:Whitney, Hassler (1933), "2-Isomorphic Graphs",
725:In a 1936 paper, Whitney gave a definition of a
317:(March 23, 1907 – May 10, 1989) was an American
1981:
576:. In 1982, he received the Wolf Prize from the
1984:"Moscow 1935: Topology Moving Towards America"
1498:The story of his resting place is reported by
6646:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2854:
2385:
2349:Hassler Whitney Page - Whitney Research Group
2132:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
1716:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
735:, and proved that, for high enough values of
1789:"About Education; Learning Math by Thinking"
1664:, pp. 147–153). Recall that two graphs
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
636:are graphs with no isolated vertices. Then
580:, and finally, in 1985, he was awarded the
437:The Whitney–Gilman ridge on Cannon Mountain
2861:
2847:
2392:
2378:
2144:
2049:
1786:
1728:
798:
756:
698:
669:
4578:
2153:
2015:
1819:
1815:
1709:
1592:
1588:
1515:
1415:
1300:
1265:
1215:, Addison-Wesley Series in Mathematics,
1157:
1106:
941:
937:
927:
584:from the American Mathematical Society.
569:
565:
432:
3148:
2870:United States National Medal of Science
2338:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
2271:
2121:
2084:
1697:
1621:
1208:
1073:
1018:
948:
933:
907:) entered the mainstream more quickly.
6598:
2021:
1945:"La vie et l'œuvre de Hassler Whitney"
1913:
1891:
1866:
1609:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1503:
1486:
1473:
1461:
848:He was one of the major developers of
562:The mathematics of Physical quantities
5698:
5697:
5167:
4577:
4091:
3147:
2883:
2842:
2373:
2228:
2022:Chirka, Evgeniǐ Mikhaǐlovich (1989),
1867:Fisher, Elizabeth (9 November 2012),
1840:
1661:
1576:
1499:
1441:
1428:
1409:
862:On Ideals of Differentiable Functions
552:In 1947 he was elected member of the
6686:Mathematicians from New York (state)
6681:Institute for Advanced Study faculty
6621:20th-century American mathematicians
1939:
1445:
1405:
617:independently introduced by him and
378:, professor of Ancient Languages at
6656:Wolf Prize in Mathematics laureates
6651:National Medal of Science laureates
1835:Biographical and general references
1634:
936:, are collected in the two volumes
778:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2n+1}}
511:National Defense Research Committee
489:, written under the supervision of
236:National Defense Research Committee
13:
2106:, pp. 127–137, archived from
468:
465:, placed them on August 20, 1989.
14:
6697:
2320:
1368:Whitney graph isomorphism theorem
1165:The American Mathematical Monthly
1114:The American Mathematical Monthly
949:Whitney, Hassler (January 1932),
888:he gives a theoretical basis for
814:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2n}}
739:, a smooth manifold of dimension
609:, a fundamental notion in modern
2822:
1787:Hechinger, Fred (10 June 1986).
1597:Academic Appointments and Awards
1516:O'Connor, JJ and E F Robertson.
711:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
682:{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
485:. His doctoral dissertation was
321:. He was one of the founders of
29:
2146:10.1090/s0002-9904-1958-10143-3
1808:
1780:
1747:10.1090/S0273-0979-1993-00429-4
1703:
1690:
1654:
1627:
1602:
1582:
1569:
1556:
1543:
1022:American Journal of Mathematics
959:American Journal of Mathematics
619:Bartel Leendert van der Waerden
505:, 1953–56; Exchange Professor,
374:, his paternal grandfather was
325:, and did foundational work in
2275:The Mathematical Intelligencer
2104:Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
1892:Fowler, Glenn (May 12, 1989),
1530:
1509:
1492:
1479:
1467:
1434:
1399:
554:American Philosophical Society
538:Académie des Sciences de Paris
1:
6616:Scientists from New York City
4092:
2885:Behavioral and social science
2176:10.4159/harvard.9780674726550
1914:Kendig, Keith (August 2013),
1870:Full list of Honorary Members
1828:
1383:Whitney's planarity criterion
556:. In 1969 he was awarded the
530:American Mathematical Society
522:American Mathematical Society
6666:Princeton University faculty
1358:Whitney's conditions A and B
1076:Geometric Integration Theory
886:Geometric Integration Theory
560:for the paper in two parts "
542:New York Academy of Sciences
518:National Academy of Sciences
495:Institute for Advanced Study
348:
343:geometric integration theory
221:Institute for Advanced Study
7:
1878:London Mathematical Society
1336:
910:
592:
574:London Mathematical Society
534:London Mathematical Society
503:National Science Foundation
231:National Science Foundation
10:
6702:
5773:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
2042:Kluwer Academic Publishers
1305:; Toledo, Domingo (eds.),
1301:Whitney, Hassler (1992b),
1270:; Toledo, Domingo (eds.),
1266:Whitney, Hassler (1992a),
1212:Complex analytic varieties
1158:Whitney, Hassler (1968b),
1107:Whitney, Hassler (1968a),
1080:Princeton University Press
6535:
6384:
6233:
6054:
5860:
5708:
5704:
5693:
5627:
5529:
5418:
5329:
5250:
5178:
5174:
5163:
5120:
5029:
4921:
4812:
4748:William Hayward Pickering
4693:
4588:
4584:
4573:
4499:
4391:
4245:
4121:
4102:
4098:
4087:
3998:
3807:
3621:
3439:
3295:
3158:
3154:
3143:
3100:
3041:
2953:
2913:
2894:
2890:
2879:
2818:
2775:
2692:
2617:
2540:
2439:
2408:
2402:Wolf Prize in Mathematics
2051:10.1007/978-94-009-2366-9
1814:Complete bibliography in
1595:, p. xi), section, "
1502:, p. 467): see also
1373:Whitney immersion theorem
1363:Whitney embedding theorem
1348:Whitney extension theorem
1343:Loomis–Whitney inequality
1209:Whitney, Hassler (1972),
547:
404:Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler
362:, was the First District
308:
272:
260:
244:
208:
198:
191:
170:National Medal of Science
162:
152:
106:
78:
59:
40:
28:
21:
6197:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
5643:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
3274:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
2343:University of St Andrews
2168:Harvard University Press
1982:Hassler Whitney (1977).
1818:, pp. xii–xiv) and
1393:
940:, pp. xii–xiv) and
689:to a function on all of
449:
410:was the first to survey
129:Geometric measure theory
5508:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
3426:George Ledyard Stebbins
3347:James Augustine Shannon
2239:Oxford University Press
1084:Oxford University Press
587:
520:; Colloquium Lecturer,
516:He was a member of the
368:Josepha Newcomb Whitney
353:
251:The Coloring of Graphs
5965:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
5952:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
4908:Harry George Drickamer
4854:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
4528:M. Frederick Hawthorne
4402:John D. Baldeschwieler
3642:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
3324:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
2829:Mathematics portal
2552:Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro
2002:Cite journal requires
1921:Celebratio Mathematica
1847:Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.
1698:Federer's review (1958
854:characteristic classes
815:
779:
712:
683:
623:the matroid of a graph
487:The Coloring of Graphs
438:
376:William Dwight Whitney
366:judge. His mother, A.
364:New York Supreme Court
360:Edward Baldwin Whitney
339:characteristic classes
16:American mathematician
6556:Sylvester James Gates
5942:William Alfred Fowler
5924:Robert Rathbun Wilson
5737:Robert Burns Woodward
4549:Geraldine L. Richmond
4297:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
3580:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
3509:Vernon B. Mountcastle
3365:Sterling B. Hendricks
3182:Marshall W. Nirenberg
3177:Theodosius Dobzhansky
3025:William Julius Wilson
2762:Jean-François Le Gall
2229:Oxley, James (1992),
2025:Complex analytic sets
2016:Scientific references
1676:Vertex identification
1353:Stiefel–Whitney class
944:, pp. xii–xiv).
928:Selected publications
901:Stiefel–Whitney class
816:
780:
713:
684:
615:representation theory
540:(Foreign Associate);
491:George David Birkhoff
436:
427:Edwin B. Goodell, Jr.
388:Roger Sherman Baldwin
267:George David Birkhoff
182:Leroy P. Steele Prize
119:Differential topology
71:Princeton, New Jersey
35:Whitney in April 1973
6636:American topologists
6527:Warren M. Washington
6491:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
6400:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
6345:Martin Schwarzschild
6126:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
6118:J. Robert Schrieffer
6088:E. Margaret Burbidge
5932:Nicolaas Bloembergen
5909:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
5788:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5540:John Griggs Thompson
5463:Martin David Kruskal
5303:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
4776:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
4730:Ralph Brazelton Peck
4685:Jack St. Clair Kilby
4612:John Robinson Pierce
4579:Engineering sciences
4510:Jacqueline K. Barton
4365:George M. Whitesides
4284:Dudley R. Herschbach
4222:Richard B. Bernstein
4191:Walter H. Stockmayer
3739:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3670:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
3560:Stanley Norman Cohen
3547:Rita Levi-Montalcini
3383:Keith Roberts Porter
3246:Alfred H. Sturtevant
3241:Michael Heidelberger
3213:Fritz Albert Lipmann
2679:Phillip A. Griffiths
2517:Friedrich Hirzebruch
2329:Robertson, Edmund F.
2241:, pp. xii+532,
1822:, pp. xii–xiv).
1313:, pp. xiv+596,
1278:, pp. xiv+590,
1074:Whitney, H. (1957),
919:mathematical anxiety
843:topological manifold
793:
751:
693:
664:
558:Lester R. Ford Award
526:Mathematical Reviews
499:Princeton University
226:Princeton University
6671:Yale College alumni
6577:Shirley Ann Jackson
6496:Charles P. Slichter
6340:Marshall Rosenbluth
6332:Wallace S. Broecker
6285:Eugene M. Shoemaker
6046:Victor F. Weisskopf
5993:Herbert S. Gutowsky
5975:Edgar Bright Wilson
5816:George Kistiakowsky
5434:Stephen Cole Kleene
4945:George H. Heilmeier
4932:Mildred Dresselhaus
4823:Edward H. Heinemann
4753:Frederick E. Terman
4717:Richard T. Whitcomb
4638:Clarence L. Johnson
4599:Theodore von Kármán
4486:Stephen J. Benkovic
4465:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
4452:Marvin H. Caruthers
4407:Ralph F. Hirschmann
4347:Darleane C. Hoffman
4237:Harden M. McConnell
4178:Frank H. Westheimer
3990:Stanley B. Prusiner
3954:Robert J. Lefkowitz
3713:Howard Martin Temin
3570:Maurice R. Hilleman
3565:Joseph L. Goldstein
3504:Donald A. Henderson
3421:Earl Reece Stadtman
3406:Elizabeth C. Crosby
3370:Orville Alvin Vogel
3200:Donald D. Van Slyke
3149:Biological sciences
2752:Alexander Beilinson
2327:O'Connor, John J.;
2235:The Clarendon Press
2170:, pp. 86–115,
1739:1993math.....10231H
1444:, p. 465) and
1408:, p. 474) and
1086:, pp. XV+387,
903:, basic results on
280:R. Eliot Chamberlin
54:New York City, U.S.
6626:American geometers
6449:G. Brent Dalrymple
6267:Arthur L. Schawlow
6174:James A. Van Allen
6065:Philip W. Anderson
6021:Richard P. Feynman
5947:Linus Carl Pauling
5582:Dennis P. Sullivan
5139:John B. Goodenough
5072:Edwin N. Lightfoot
5040:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
5021:Kenneth N. Stevens
4789:Raymond D. Mindlin
4712:Harold E. Edgerton
4557:A. Paul Alivisatos
4436:Stephen J. Lippard
4415:Ernest R. Davidson
4352:Harold S. Johnston
4186:William S. Johnson
4150:George C. Pimentel
3985:Susan L. Lindquist
3967:Francis S. Collins
3861:Victor A. McKusick
3836:Francisco J. Ayala
3818:Nancy C. Andreasen
3768:Robert A. Weinberg
3542:Har Gobind Khorana
3527:Michael E. DeBakey
3514:George Emil Palade
3486:Wendell L. Roelofs
3476:Howard L. Bachrach
3306:Barbara McClintock
3208:Edward F. Knipling
2783:Simon K. Donaldson
2710:Michael Aschbacher
2669:Hillel Furstenberg
2288:10.1007/bf03028349
1899:The New York Times
1842:Chern, Shiing-Shen
1794:The New York Times
1591:, p. xi) and
1378:Whitney inequality
980:10338.dmlcz/101067
870:Whitney conditions
835:J. H. C. Whitehead
811:
775:
708:
679:
656:are 2-isomorphic.
603:four-color problem
483:Harvard University
481:in mathematics at
439:
406:. His great uncle
323:singularity theory
216:Harvard University
144:Singularity theory
114:Algebraic topology
96:Harvard University
6593:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6522:Esther M. Conwell
6462:Robert N. Clayton
6454:Riccardo Giacconi
6418:Raymond Davis Jr.
6306:Albert Overhauser
6249:Edwin M. McMillan
6210:Arnold O. Beckman
6187:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
6164:Paul C. Lauterbur
6141:Robert Hofstadter
6093:Maurice Goldhaber
6080:Charles H. Townes
6031:Edward M. Purcell
5998:Frederick Rossini
5852:Wolfgang Panofsky
5783:John H. Van Vleck
5699:Physical sciences
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5651:Solomon W. Golomb
5611:Andrew J. Viterbi
5606:Leonard Kleinrock
5553:Calyampudi R. Rao
5521:Ronald R. Coifman
5429:George F. Carrier
5410:Donald C. Spencer
5405:Saunders Mac Lane
5340:Marshall H. Stone
5290:Shiing-Shen Chern
5197:Solomon Lefschetz
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5096:David J. Wineland
5064:John M. Prausnitz
5005:C. Kumar N. Patel
5000:James L. Flanagan
4968:John Roy Whinnery
4955:H. Guyford Stever
4937:Nick Holonyak Jr.
4900:George W. Housner
4895:Willis M. Hawkins
4890:Daniel C. Drucker
4872:Robert Byron Bird
4864:Bernard M. Oliver
4771:Peter C. Goldmark
4758:Wernher von Braun
4704:George E. Mueller
4677:Nathan M. Newmark
4672:J. Presper Eckert
4651:Claude E. Shannon
4620:Charles S. Draper
4569:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4536:Judith P. Klinman
4420:Gábor A. Somorjai
4331:Isabella L. Karle
4318:George S. Hammond
4279:Gertrude B. Elion
4232:Rudolph A. Marcus
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4009:Ralph L. Brinster
3928:Torsten N. Wiesel
3905:Norman E. Borlaug
3892:Solomon H. Snyder
3887:J. Michael Bishop
3846:Mario R. Capecchi
3726:Salome G. Waelsch
3657:E. Donnall Thomas
3532:Theodor O. Diener
3431:Paul Alfred Weiss
3259:Bernard B. Brodie
3195:George G. Simpson
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3084:Michael I. Posner
2985:Eleanor J. Gibson
2937:George J. Stigler
2905:Neal Elgar Miller
2836:
2835:
2799:Ingrid Daubechies
2756:Vladimir Drinfeld
2746:Charles Fefferman
2629:Jean-Pierre Serre
2477:Shiing-Shen Chern
2451:Andrey Kolmogorov
2400:Laureates of the
2333:"Hassler Whitney"
2223:978-0-674-72655-0
2185:978-0-674-72500-3
1974:, available from
1916:"Hassler Whitney"
1566:, pp. 9–10).
1540:, pp. 8–10).
1518:"Hassler Whitney"
1311:Birkhäuser Verlag
1276:Birkhäuser Verlag
850:cohomology theory
839:smooth structures
720:Charles Fefferman
507:Collège de France
473:Whitney attended
463:Swiss Alpine Club
372:Simeon E. Baldwin
312:
311:
273:Doctoral students
193:Scientific career
6693:
6405:Gilbert F. White
6350:George Wetherill
6244:Allan M. Cormack
6202:Jack Steinberger
6182:D. Allan Bromley
6131:H. Richard Crane
6108:Frederick Reines
6098:Helmut Landsberg
6013:George Uhlenbeck
5914:Vladimir Haensel
5876:Allan R. Sandage
5847:Herbert C. Brown
5829:Herbert Friedman
5755:Leon M. Lederman
5727:Julian Schwinger
5706:
5705:
5695:
5694:
5664:Alexandre Chorin
5638:Richard A. Tapia
5619:David B. Mumford
5447:Alberto Calderón
5392:Joseph B. Keller
5379:Michael Freedman
5348:Herman Goldstine
5202:H. Marston Morse
5176:
5175:
5165:
5164:
5104:Rudolf E. Kálmán
5088:Robert S. Langer
5080:Jan D. Achenbach
4913:Herbert E. Grier
4664:Igor I. Sikorsky
4625:Othmar H. Ammann
4586:
4585:
4575:
4574:
4541:Jerrold Meinwald
4310:Norman Hackerman
4289:Glenn T. Seaborg
4204:William O. Baker
4132:F. Albert Cotton
4100:
4099:
4089:
4088:
4066:Mary-Claire King
3959:Bert W. O'Malley
3915:Thomas E. Starzl
3910:Phillip A. Sharp
3897:Charles Yanofsky
3879:Evelyn M. Witkin
3874:James E. Darnell
3700:Paul C. Zamecnik
3665:Mary Ellen Avery
3637:Herbert W. Boyer
3632:Baruj Benacerraf
3603:Joshua Lederberg
3593:Viktor Hamburger
3555:Michael S. Brown
3401:Robert H. Burris
3156:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3092:Mortimer Mishkin
3017:William K. Estes
3001:Roger N. Shepard
2993:Robert K. Merton
2977:George A. Miller
2924:Herbert A. Simon
2892:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2827:
2826:
2787:Yakov Eliashberg
2683:David B. Mumford
2655:Grigory Margulis
2584:Robert Langlands
2562:John G. Thompson
2558:Lennart Carleson
2527:Alberto Calderón
2497:Samuel Eilenberg
2487:Kunihiko Kodaira
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2345:
2314:
2267:
2212:
2160:A History in Sum
2149:
2148:
2123:Federer, Herbert
2117:
2116:
2115:
2090:Grioli, Giuseppe
2086:Epstein, Marcelo
2080:
2053:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1973:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1862:
1823:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1732:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1513:
1507:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1413:
1403:
1388:Whitney umbrella
1331:
1296:
1261:
1204:
1153:
1102:
1069:
1014:
955:
860:in a 1948 paper
858:Laurent Schwartz
820:
818:
817:
812:
810:
809:
801:
784:
782:
781:
776:
774:
773:
759:
733:
717:
715:
714:
709:
707:
706:
701:
688:
686:
685:
680:
678:
677:
672:
655:
651:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
262:Doctoral advisor
256:
66:
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
6701:
6700:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6690:
6631:Graph theorists
6596:
6595:
6594:
6581:
6569:Sean C. Solomon
6531:
6483:Daniel Kleppner
6475:Lonnie Thompson
6470:Ralph A. Alpher
6436:W. Jason Morgan
6423:Charles Keeling
6413:Marvin L. Cohen
6380:
6363:John N. Bahcall
6358:Don L. Anderson
6324:Peter Goldreich
6277:Steven Weinberg
6229:
6159:Walter Elsasser
6136:Herman Feshbach
6050:
5988:Samuel Goudsmit
5980:Chien-Shiung Wu
5919:Frederick Seitz
5886:John A. Wheeler
5871:Robert H. Dicke
5856:
5719:Luis W. Alvarez
5700:
5681:
5669:David Blackwell
5623:
5574:Carl R. de Boor
5545:Karen Uhlenbeck
5525:
5479:Louis Nirenberg
5414:
5387:Ralph E. Gomory
5325:
5321:Donald E. Knuth
5308:Hassler Whitney
5246:
5170:
5151:
5116:
5048:Andreas Acrivos
5025:
5013:Eli Ruckenstein
4992:Hermann A. Haus
4963:Calvin F. Quate
4950:Luna B. Leopold
4917:
4808:
4794:Robert N. Noyce
4784:Emmett N. Leith
4743:Manson Benedict
4725:Rudolf Kompfner
4689:
4643:Warren K. Lewis
4580:
4561:
4495:
4457:Peter B. Dervan
4428:John I. Brauman
4387:
4339:Norman Davidson
4266:John D. Roberts
4241:
4209:Konrad E. Bloch
4155:Richard N. Zare
4117:
4094:
4075:
4032:Sallie Chisholm
4014:Rudolf Jaenisch
3994:
3977:J. Craig Venter
3936:Rita R. Colwell
3803:
3789:David Baltimore
3680:Robert W. Kates
3652:David G. Nathan
3647:Edward B. Lewis
3617:
3613:Harland G. Wood
3608:Roger W. Sperry
3463:Glenn W. Burton
3435:
3411:Arthur Kornberg
3378:Roger Guillemin
3355:Hallowell Davis
3319:Daniel I. Arnon
3311:Albert B. Sabin
3291:
3264:Detlev W. Bronk
3236:Harry F. Harlow
3231:Kenneth S. Cole
3218:William C. Rose
3190:Francis P. Rous
3150:
3131:
3096:
3076:Gordon H. Bower
3037:
3033:Robert M. Solow
2949:
2945:Milton Friedman
2909:
2886:
2875:
2867:
2837:
2832:
2821:
2814:
2771:
2736:James G. Arthur
2714:Luis Caffarelli
2700:Dennis Sullivan
2688:
2635:Vladimir Arnold
2613:
2548:Ennio De Giorgi
2536:
2467:Hassler Whitney
2435:
2404:
2398:
2323:
2318:
2249:
2186:
2156:Yau, Shing-Tung
2113:
2111:
2094:Magenes, Enrico
2062:
2018:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1931:
1929:
1904:
1902:
1882:
1880:
1873:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1785:
1781:
1711:Harrison, Jenny
1708:
1704:
1695:
1691:
1681:Vertex cleaving
1669:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1635:Johnson, Will.
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1587:
1583:
1579:, p. 465).
1574:
1570:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1416:
1412:, p. 465).
1404:
1400:
1396:
1339:
1321:
1286:
1243:
1178:10.2307/2314953
1127:10.2307/2315883
1035:10.2307/2371127
972:10.2307/2371086
953:
930:
913:
890:Stokes' theorem
802:
797:
796:
794:
791:
790:
760:
755:
754:
752:
749:
748:
731:
727:smooth manifold
702:
697:
696:
694:
691:
690:
673:
668:
667:
665:
662:
661:
653:
649:
648:if and only if
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
595:
590:
578:Wolf Foundation
550:
475:Yale University
471:
469:Academic career
452:
444:Cannon Mountain
398:(1835-1909), a
382:, linguist and
380:Yale University
356:
351:
315:Hassler Whitney
304:
300:Herbert Robbins
254:
240:
187:
148:
94:
83:Yale University
79:Alma mater
74:
68:
64:
55:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
23:Hassler Whitney
17:
12:
11:
5:
6699:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6571:
6566:
6564:Burton Richter
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6407:
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6395:Willis E. Lamb
6392:
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6154:Philip Abelson
6151:
6148:
6146:Chen-Ning Yang
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6120:
6115:
6113:Bruno B. Rossi
6110:
6105:
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6095:
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6070:Yoichiro Nambu
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5881:John C. Slater
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5808:
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5768:Jacob Bjerknes
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5566:James G. Glimm
5563:
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5558:Elias M. Stein
5555:
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5500:Shing-Tung Yau
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5353:Isadore Singer
5350:
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5316:Joseph L. Doob
5313:
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5295:George Dantzig
5292:
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5285:John W. Backus
5282:
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5271:
5266:
5263:
5261:Richard Brauer
5258:
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5242:William Feller
5239:
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5231:
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5220:
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5212:
5207:
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5189:Norbert Wiener
5186:
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5180:
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5147:Thomas Kailath
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4828:Donald L. Katz
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4491:Marye Anne Fox
4488:
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4173:Carl S. Marvel
4170:
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4053:Rakesh K. Jain
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3858:
3856:Gene E. Likens
3853:
3848:
3843:
3841:George F. Bass
3838:
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3823:Peter H. Raven
3820:
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3796:
3791:
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3783:
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3760:
3757:
3752:
3749:
3747:Alexander Rich
3744:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3721:Daniel Nathans
3718:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3695:Folke K. Skoog
3692:
3687:
3685:Salvador Luria
3682:
3677:
3675:Elvin A. Kabat
3672:
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3649:
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3623:
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3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Katherine Esau
3585:
3582:
3577:
3575:Eric R. Kandel
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3521:
3519:Joan A. Steitz
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3491:Berta Scharrer
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:Seymour Benzer
3455:
3452:
3450:Philip Handler
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3385:
3380:
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3357:
3352:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3337:Erwin Chargaff
3334:
3332:Britton Chance
3329:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3282:Robert Huebner
3279:
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3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3248:
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3238:
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3215:
3210:
3205:
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3197:
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3169:C. B. van Niel
3166:
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3160:
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3151:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
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3127:Albert Bandura
3124:
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3119:Robert Axelrod
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3098:
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3060:R. Duncan Luce
3057:
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3043:
3039:
3038:
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3027:
3022:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3009:Paul Samuelson
3006:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2969:Patrick Suppes
2966:
2964:Leonid Hurwicz
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2802:
2796:
2793:George Lusztig
2790:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2766:Gregory Lawler
2759:
2749:
2742:Richard Schoen
2739:
2733:
2727:
2717:
2707:
2704:Shing-Tung Yau
2696:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2675:Pierre Deligne
2672:
2662:
2659:Sergei Novikov
2652:
2642:
2639:Saharon Shelah
2632:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2608:Elias M. Stein
2601:
2598:Yakov G. Sinai
2591:
2581:
2575:
2568:Mikhail Gromov
2565:
2555:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2521:Lars Hörmander
2514:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2474:
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2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2420:Carl L. Siegel
2416:Israel Gelfand
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2405:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2368:
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2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2322:
2321:External links
2319:
2317:
2316:
2269:
2247:
2231:Matroid Theory
2226:
2184:
2154:Nadis, Steve;
2151:
2119:
2082:
2060:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2004:|journal=
1979:
1957:(6): 473–476,
1937:
1911:
1889:
1864:
1854:(3): 464–467,
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:Whitney (1992b
1816:Whitney (1992a
1807:
1779:
1723:(2): 235–242,
1719:, New Series,
1702:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1653:
1626:
1622:Whitney (1933)
1614:
1601:
1593:Whitney (1992b
1589:Whitney (1992a
1581:
1568:
1555:
1542:
1529:
1508:
1506:, p. 18).
1491:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1433:
1431:, p. 465)
1414:
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1335:
1334:
1333:
1319:
1298:
1284:
1263:
1241:
1233:Addison-Wesley
1206:
1172:(3): 227–256,
1155:
1121:(2): 115–138,
1104:
1071:
1029:(1): 245–254,
1016:
966:(1): 150–168,
942:Whitney (1992b
938:Whitney (1992a
934:Whitney (1957)
929:
926:
912:
909:
905:vector bundles
894:Jenny Harrison
872:. The work of
808:
805:
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772:
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763:
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594:
591:
589:
586:
549:
546:
470:
467:
459:Dents Blanches
451:
448:
420:Sally Thurston
418:statistician,
408:Josiah Whitney
355:
352:
350:
347:
310:
309:
306:
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290:Wilfred Kaplan
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139:Matroid theory
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
110:
108:
107:Known for
104:
103:
80:
76:
75:
69:
67:(aged 82)
61:
57:
56:
53:
51:March 23, 1907
42:
38:
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6509:James E. Gunn
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6441:Edward Witten
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6259:Roger Revelle
6257:
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6250:
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6245:
6242:
6239:
6238:
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6232:
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6225:Henry Stommel
6223:
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6215:Eugene Parker
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6075:Edward Teller
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6047:
6044:
6042:
6041:Lyman Spitzer
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5960:Hans A. Bethe
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5904:Maurice Ewing
5902:
5900:
5899:Carl Djerassi
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:Saul Winstein
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5839:Eugene Wigner
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5824:Paul Bartlett
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5811:Louis Hammett
5809:
5807:
5806:Gregory Breit
5804:
5802:
5801:Francis Birch
5799:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:William Rubey
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5692:
5678:
5677:Michael Artin
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5590:Bradley Efron
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5516:Felix Browder
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5492:Stephen Smale
5490:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5439:John McCarthy
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5400:Samuel Karlin
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:Oscar Zariski
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5166:
5162:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4984:Ray W. Clough
4982:
4979:
4977:
4976:Alfred Y. Cho
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:John G. Trump
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:Edwin H. Land
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:Vannevar Bush
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4576:
4572:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:Allen J. Bard
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4478:JoAnne Stubbe
4476:
4474:
4473:Joanna Fowler
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4383:Susan Solomon
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Melvin Calvin
4225:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:Yuan Tseh Lee
4166:
4164:
4163:Harry B. Gray
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4137:Gilbert Stork
4135:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4086:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4045:Bruce Alberts
4043:
4041:
4040:May Berenbaum
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Lubert Stryer
3944:
3942:
3941:Nina Fedoroff
3939:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Anthony Fauci
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3866:Harold Varmus
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3799:Lynn Margulis
3797:
3795:
3794:Jared Diamond
3792:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Thomas Eisner
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:Maxine Singer
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Paul A. Marks
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:Stanley Cohen
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3388:Efraim Racker
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:James V. Neel
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:Horace Barker
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3223:Sewall Wright
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3142:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Anne Treisman
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Kenneth Arrow
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Anne Anastasi
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2724:Michael Artin
2721:
2720:George Mostow
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2665:Stephen Smale
2663:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2604:László Lovász
2602:
2599:
2595:
2594:Joseph Keller
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2461:Oscar Zariski
2458:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2248:0-19-853563-5
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2164:Cambridge, MA
2161:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2110:on 2011-02-23
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2061:0-7923-0234-6
2057:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1996:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:(in French),
1952:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1660:According to
1657:
1638:
1633:According to
1630:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1610:Fisher (2012)
1605:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1553:, p. 9).
1552:
1546:
1539:
1533:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1485:According to
1482:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1462:Fowler (1989)
1458:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:According to
1437:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
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1320:0-8176-3559-9
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895:
891:
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882:
879:
875:
871:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:Oswald Veblen
828:
827:Whitney trick
824:
806:
803:
788:
770:
767:
764:
761:
746:
742:
738:
734:
728:
723:
721:
703:
674:
657:
647:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:combinatorics
608:
604:
600:
585:
583:
579:
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447:
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435:
431:
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423:
421:
415:
413:
412:Mount Whitney
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:Simon Newcomb
393:
392:Roger Sherman
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
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319:mathematician
316:
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157:Dwight family
155:
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127:
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115:
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109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
72:
62:
58:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
6551:Sandra Faber
6546:Sidney Drell
6376:Leo Kadanoff
6371:James Cronin
6319:Hans Dehmelt
6254:Robert Pound
6220:Robert Sharp
6036:John Sinfelt
6003:Verner Suomi
5970:Lewis Sarett
5834:Lars Onsager
5778:Henry Eyring
5745:John Bardeen
5487:Richard Karp
5455:Allen Newell
5307:
5234:Jerzy Neyman
4859:Tung-Yen Lin
4836:Bill Hewlett
4766:Morris Cohen
4360:John W. Cahn
4261:Karl Folkers
4022:Lucy Shapiro
3972:Elaine Fuchs
3851:Ann Graybiel
3781:Janet Rowley
3763:James Watson
3755:Ruth Patrick
3598:Philip Leder
3468:Mildred Cohn
3416:Severo Ochoa
3393:E. O. Wilson
2820:
2730:Peter Sarnak
2588:Andrew Wiles
2578:Jürgen Moser
2572:Jacques Tits
2501:Atle Selberg
2466:
2457:Lars Ahlfors
2447:Henri Cartan
2336:
2279:
2273:
2230:
2159:
2139:(1): 38–41,
2136:
2130:
2112:, retrieved
2108:the original
2098:
2024:
1995:cite journal
1954:
1948:
1932:November 27,
1930:, retrieved
1925:
1919:
1903:, retrieved
1897:
1881:, retrieved
1869:
1851:
1845:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1792:
1782:
1774:
1730:math/9310231
1720:
1714:
1705:
1692:
1656:
1643:. Retrieved
1629:
1617:
1604:
1596:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1545:
1538:Kendig (2013
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1511:
1504:Kendig (2013
1494:
1487:Kendig (2013
1481:
1474:Kendig (2013
1469:
1457:
1449:
1436:
1401:
1306:
1303:Eells, James
1271:
1268:Eells, James
1211:
1169:
1163:
1118:
1112:
1075:
1026:
1020:
963:
957:
931:
917:
914:
898:
885:
884:In his book
883:
866:
861:
847:
822:
740:
736:
730:
724:
658:
599:graph theory
596:
582:Steele Prize
561:
551:
515:
486:
472:
453:
440:
424:
416:
357:
314:
313:
250:
209:Institutions
192:
124:Graph theory
65:(1989-05-10)
63:May 10, 1989
6611:1989 deaths
6606:1907 births
6504:Berni Alder
6311:Frank Press
6192:Walter Kohn
6169:George Pake
6103:Walter Munk
6026:Herman Mark
6008:Henry Taube
5796:Jesse Beams
5750:Peter Debye
5732:Harold Urey
5656:Barry Mazur
5218:John Milnor
5112:Amnon Yariv
5056:Leo Beranek
4882:Ernst Weber
4735:Abel Wolman
4326:Thomas Cech
4256:Elkan Blout
4196:Max Tishler
4113:Roger Adams
4071:Simon Levin
3537:Harry Eagle
3360:Paul Gyorgy
3052:Gary Becker
2531:John Milnor
2194:j.ctt6wpqft
1800:12 November
1662:Oxley (1992
1564:Kendig 2013
1551:Kendig 2013
1500:Chern (1994
1442:Chern (1994
1429:Chern (1994
1410:Chern (1994
878:John Mather
841:on a given
285:James Eells
203:Mathematics
6600:Categories
6298:Vera Rubin
5937:Paul Flory
5598:Hyman Bass
5471:John Cocke
5374:Raoul Bott
5277:Kurt Gödel
5269:John Tukey
5226:Paul Cohen
4841:George Low
4804:Simon Ramo
4027:Leroy Hood
3828:Carl Woese
3776:Bruce Ames
3287:Ernst Mayr
2809:Adi Shamir
2645:Mikio Sato
2625:Raoul Bott
2507:Kiyosi Itô
2481:Paul Erdős
2471:Mark Krein
2430:André Weil
2426:Jean Leray
2312:0645.01012
2282:(2): 5–8,
2265:0784.05002
2210:1290.01005
2114:2016-04-30
2078:0683.32002
1971:0722.01025
1941:Thom, René
1829:References
1771:0863.58008
1645:5 February
1637:"Matroids"
1577:Chern 1994
1523:2013-04-16
1446:Thom (1990
1406:Thom (1990
1329:0746.01016
1294:0746.01016
1259:0265.32008
1221:Menlo Park
1202:0186.57901
1151:0186.57901
1100:0083.28204
1067:0006.37005
1043:59.1235.01
1012:0003.32804
988:58.0609.01
646:isomorphic
335:immersions
331:embeddings
176:Wolf Prize
134:Cohomology
47:1907-03-23
6293:Val Fitch
5361:Peter Lax
5131:Shu Chien
4378:John Ross
4093:Chemistry
3481:Paul Berg
2873:laureates
2805:Noga Alon
2671:(2006/07)
2651:(2002/03)
2649:John Tate
2600:(1996/97)
2590:(1995/96)
2580:(1994/95)
2511:Peter Lax
2493:(1984/85)
2491:Hans Lewy
2483:(1983/84)
2304:189885412
2030:Dordrecht
1989:: 97–117.
1905:9 January
1685:Twisting.
1229:Don Mills
874:René Thom
729:of class
349:Biography
327:manifolds
295:Paul Olum
153:Relatives
6272:Ed Stone
3269:Jay Lush
2125:(1958),
1943:(1990),
1763:17436511
1337:See also
911:Teaching
787:immersed
745:embedded
607:matroids
593:Research
456:mountain
384:Sanskrit
2364:INFORMS
2296:0932157
2257:1207587
2202:3100544
2070:1111477
1976:Gallica
1963:1105198
1883:14 July
1755:1215309
1735:Bibcode
1251:0387634
1217:Reading
1194:0228220
1186:2314953
1143:0228219
1135:2315883
1092:0087148
1059:1506961
1051:2371127
1004:1506881
996:2371086
743:may be
400:Steeves
2811:(2024)
2801:(2023)
2795:(2022)
2789:(2020)
2768:(2019)
2758:(2018)
2748:(2017)
2738:(2015)
2732:(2014)
2726:(2013)
2716:(2012)
2706:(2010)
2685:(2008)
2661:(2005)
2641:(2001)
2631:(2000)
2610:(1999)
2574:(1993)
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2554:(1990)
2533:(1989)
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2503:(1986)
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2432:(1979)
2422:(1978)
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2221:
2215:e-book
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2200:
2192:
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2038:London
2034:Boston
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1961:
1860:986754
1858:
1769:
1761:
1753:
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1317:
1292:
1282:
1257:
1249:
1239:
1225:London
1200:
1192:
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1098:
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1057:
1049:
1041:
1010:
1002:
994:
986:
852:, and
785:, and
548:Honors
341:, and
255:(1932)
253:
246:Thesis
199:Fields
184:(1985)
178:(1982)
172:(1976)
163:Awards
73:, U.S.
6536:2010s
6385:2000s
6234:1990s
6055:1980s
5861:1970s
5709:1960s
5628:2010s
5530:2000s
5419:1990s
5330:1980s
5251:1970s
5179:1960s
5121:2010s
5030:2000s
4922:1990s
4813:1980s
4694:1970s
4589:1960s
4500:2010s
4392:2000s
4246:1990s
4122:1980s
4103:1960s
3999:2010s
3808:2000s
3622:1990s
3440:1980s
3296:1970s
3159:1960s
3101:2010s
3042:2000s
2954:1990s
2914:1980s
2895:1960s
2776:2020s
2693:2010s
2618:2000s
2541:1990s
2440:1980s
2409:1970s
2300:S2CID
2190:JSTOR
1987:(PDF)
1874:(PDF)
1856:JSTOR
1759:S2CID
1725:arXiv
1640:(PDF)
1575:See (
1562:See (
1549:See (
1394:Notes
1182:JSTOR
1131:JSTOR
1047:JSTOR
992:JSTOR
954:(PDF)
570:1968b
566:1968a
450:Death
6573:2014
6560:2012
6542:2011
6513:2009
6500:2008
6487:2007
6479:2006
6466:2005
6458:2004
6445:2003
6427:2002
6409:2001
6391:2000
6367:1999
6354:1998
6336:1997
6328:1996
6315:1995
6302:1994
6289:1993
6281:1992
6263:1991
6240:1990
6206:1989
6178:1988
6150:1987
6122:1986
6084:1983
6061:1982
6017:1979
5984:1976
5956:1975
5928:1974
5895:1973
5867:1970
5843:1969
5820:1968
5792:1967
5764:1966
5741:1965
5723:1964
5715:1963
5673:2013
5660:2012
5647:2011
5634:2010
5615:2009
5602:2007
5594:2006
5586:2005
5578:2004
5570:2003
5562:2002
5549:2001
5536:2000
5512:1999
5504:1998
5496:1997
5483:1996
5475:1995
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5425:1990
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5312:1979
5299:1976
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5238:1969
5230:1968
5222:1967
5214:1966
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