368:"conspiring against Adani" for sharing details on the mining with British and Australian researchers. A senior coal ministry official in an interview stated the government's intent to get Hasdeo operational as soon as possible and calling the derailment of the process as "unacceptable". In one instance following government raids, lawyers belonging to the NGO LIFE, who were fighting a lawsuit on behalf of the locals in the forest, withdrew from the case.
231:, while Chhattisgarh government had previously attempted to annul those rights, under the current act there is no provision to do so. This led to large protests and the local police intervening to pause the felling of trees. Coal mining was halted in the PEKB coalfields by mid-August 2022 following widespread protests against the phase 2 extension of it led by local villages that would've been displaced or affected by it.
55:
203:
with lower emissions, for wildlife concerns he suggested drawing up a wildlife management plan from the
Wildlife Institute of India. He also said that the plan had been subsequently revised and the mine would be built in two phases, with phase 1 covering 762 hectares and phase 2 covering 1,136 hectares of the forest. These arguments were rejected by the NGT as
277:, the report calculated that a blend with a decently high calorific value and lower ash content required by a coal power plant of its type to operate normally would've either required the plant to acquire higher quality coal than was available from domestic sources or operate at an ideal maximum efficiency rarely achieved in real world conditions.
299:, NGT, and the Supreme Court. They have formed protest outfits such as the "Hasdeo Arand Bachao Sankarsh Samiti" (Save Hasdeo Arand Struggle Committee), they have been supported by civil society groups such as the Chhattisgarh Bacho Andolan, the protests have also received support from social media and many urban folk of the state.
294:
The local communities and villages have opposed mining activities for a long time in the forest as they depend on it for their livelihood, and as the mining activities would disrupt the ecology and affect their water supply, challenging the laws and orders allowing mining to take place in the forest
272:
owned Raipur
Energen power plant, 0.08 million tonnes were sent through a rail siding which supplied coal to two power plants of which one was owned by Adani power. In November 2022, another Adani power plant (Mahan Energen Limited) was found to have received reject coal from PEKB. These reject coal
367:
against activists involved in the protests against coal mining in Hasdeo, with internal documents reportedly expressing anger over activists filing lawsuits, mobilising protestors and expressing public dissent, with one environmentalist being accused of "divulging internal information of India" and
285:
The PEKB phase I coalfield is nearing complete exhaustion. Although it was initially estimated that the coalfield had reserves of 137 million tonnes of coal and would hence last 15 years, it was found that 55 million tonnes of this was inaccessible. The rate of mining has also increased rising from
226:
The
Chhattisgarh government approved the phase 2 extension of PEKB coalfields on 22 March 2022, and approved mining in the adjoining Parsa Coal block on April 6, 2022. Activists alleged that this would've required the felling of 2,42,670 (242,670) trees in the forest, while local villages contended
202:
Jairam Ramesh had justified his approval of the project by saying that the PEKB coalfields were located at fringe of the biodiversity rich area of the forest with a separate watershed, and that the coal power plant which would use the coal from PEKB coalfield was a supercritical thermal power plant
342:
and the
Congress MLAs, the two parties disagreed over whether the Central government or the State government should stop the mining, with the Congress believing that it is up to the Central Government to stop the mining, while the BJP contended that the State government must cancel the clearances
247:
known as Parsa Kente
Collieries Limited with a 74% stake for Adani Enterprises. This venture was controversial since it gave Adani the ability to sell coal "rejects" from the mine. Adani considers these coal rejects to be waste products of an inferior quality produced after
351:
announced that no mining activity will take place in the two new blocks that were to be opened as part of Parsa and Kete extension, however the state government had allowed district officials to continue on with the phase II of PEKB after taking the local villagers along.
273:
were purchased far below market rates at ₹450/tonne for those purchased in 2021. The Raipur
Energen plant received 5.5 million tonnes of coal from its railway siding in total in 2021, of which 2.6 million tonnes were reject coal with 65% or higher ash content and low
264:
had changed its rules to allow reject coal to be used by thermal power plants in 2020, it has been contended that even these reject coal should've been sent to RRVUNL run power plants to meet the increasing coal demands of the state instead of opening new mines.
218:
announced that its subsidiary Adani Mines would become the mine developer and operator for the PEKB coalfields under a contract with RRVUNL, giving it access to the 450 million tonnes of coal reserves of the mine. The ongoing mining has been considered to be a
141:
The forest is home to 82 species of birds, 167 varieties of vegetation out of which 18 are considered threatened, and endangered butterfly species. The forest is a habitat and a major migratory corridor for elephants, and has had confirmed sightings of tigers.
162:
The Hasdeo Arand coalfield is spread over an area of 1,879.6 km, and comprises 23 coal blocks. Hasdeo Arand is a large coalfield with 1.369 billion tonnes of proven coal reserves and 5.179 billion of estimated coal reserves.
318:, was faked by the Chhattisgarh Forest Department as no official information about it was given to the villagers and some of the signatures in the attendance sheet of such meetings were of dead villagers.
310:
Widespread protests forced the state government to halt the second phase of mining at PEKB, due to opposition by local villagers to the felling of trees, they also claimed that the consent of
268:
The report also found using railway records that of the 15 million tonnes of both washed and reject coal transported out of the coalfield, 2.6 million tonnes of reject coal ended up in
687:
187:
recommended against allowing this on the basis of the ecological value of the forest and the amount of trees to be felled, however they were overruled by the then environment minister
715:
522:
832:
956:
746:
494:
386:
611:
878:
435:
261:
184:
661:
143:
286:
10 million tonnes a year to 15 million tonnes a year, in
September 2020 the RRVUNL stated that only 20 million tonnes of coal was left in the mine.
1017:
923:
898:
772:
256:
found them selling these coal rejects to three Adani owned power plants at rates far lower than the market rates and those of the state owned
338:
to cancel allocation of all the coal mining blocks in the Hasdeo region, however despite bipartisan support for the resolution from both the
636:
805:
577:
464:
551:
307:
said that he had issues with the approval granted to mining activity in the forest, despite his party being in power in the state.
175:
in 2010 by diverting 1,898.393 hectares of forest to the Parsa East and Kanta Bavan (PEKB) coalfields which would be allotted to
1069:
240:
176:
133:
report also estimated that around 60–70% of the annual income of the local communities came from forest based resources.
359:
investigation found the BJP controlled
Central Government to be using central agencies like the income tax authorities,
1030:
327:
990:
364:
192:
130:
172:
833:"Threatened by coal mining, Hasdeo Arand forest is receiving a groundswell of support on the internet"
1074:
586:
300:
227:
that the felling of trees violated their
Community Forest Resource (CFR) rights granted under the
360:
296:
339:
331:
196:
863:
146:
has described it as "the largest un-fragmented forest in
Central India consisting of pristine
315:
747:"Investigation: Adani power stations get coal from Hasdeo Arand mine allocated to Rajasthan"
151:
899:"Hasdeo Arand: Second Phase of Tree-Cutting Begins for Coal Project, Stops After Protests"
879:"The long battle of Hasdeo Arand residents against the Parsa coal project in Chhattisgarh"
8:
995:
594:
590:
356:
335:
90:
1011:
211:
reasons which would be necessary for judging whether the development was sustainable.
964:
931:
851:
780:
692:
228:
215:
106:
204:
110:
662:"The Hasdeo Arand story: Is coal mining a fait accompli for the pristine forests?"
406:
344:
274:
688:"Production halts at Parsa East, Kanta Basan coal block operated by Adani Group"
523:"PEKB project tree-cutting starts in Chhattisgarh forest, paused after protests"
348:
195:(NGT) which suspended the mining work in 2014, but the order was stayed by the
147:
102:
77:. The forest is 170,000 hectares in area and is home to a diverse ecology and
1063:
1045:
1032:
968:
935:
784:
612:"Jairam Ramesh reacts strongly to NGT censure over approving Adani coal mine"
343:
given to allow mining activity. In September 2022, the state Health Minister
244:
220:
188:
126:
74:
495:"Govt Ignores WII's Report, Gives Clearance for Coal Block in Chhattisgarh"
391:
304:
249:
122:
98:
82:
70:
59:
35:
716:"Coal washing not mandatory for supply to thermal plants: Environment min"
121:
The Hasdeo Arand forest is estimated to be home to 10,000 people from the
883:
269:
208:
957:"No coal mining in Parsa and Kete Extension, says Chhattisgarh Minister"
311:
257:
387:"India's ancient tribes battle to save their forest home from mining"
314:
required for such an exercise according to the Fifth Schedule of the
253:
243:, the mining operations were outsourced to Adani Enterprises under a
180:
54:
436:"Explained: The battle over mining in Chhattisgarh's Hasdeo forest"
924:"Explained | The coal mining protests in the Hasdeo Aranya region"
773:"Explained | The coal mining protests in the Hasdeo Aranya region"
223:
as the case challenging it is still pending in the supreme court.
78:
831:
Anuradha Nagaraj, Thomson Reuters Foundation (25 August 2022).
806:"The Indian Coal Mine That Razed a Village and Shrank a Forest"
552:"Yes, No or Maybe: Fate of Hasdeo Arand forest back in limbo"
579:
Indian Minerals Year Book 2011 (Part-II) Coal & Lignite
154:
for the Hasdeo river, thus maintaining its perennial flow.
94:
407:"Alok Shukla wins prize for Hasdeo Aranya forest campaign"
262:
Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
185:
Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
465:"Explained: What Is The Hasdeo Arand Protest All About"
191:, who cleared the proposal. This was challenged in the
637:"Adani begins integrated coal MDO operations in India"
988:
171:
The coalfield was recommended to be mined in by the
101:
runs through the forest. The forest comes under the
144:Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
1061:
830:
280:
150:and teak forests." The forest also acts as the
239:Although the PEKB coalfields were allotted to
330:adopted a private member resolution moved by
97:, which would have destroyed the forest. The
1016:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
234:
183:. In June 2011, the forest panel under the
289:
207:reasoning which did not take into account
157:
53:
493:tiwari, vishnukant (22 November 2021).
1062:
991:"India cracks down on critics of coal"
770:
744:
492:
384:
321:
989:Shih, Mehrotra, Gupta (5 June 2023).
740:
738:
736:
62:runs through the Hasdeo Arand forest.
745:Saikia, Arunabh (14 December 2022).
546:
544:
517:
515:
488:
486:
459:
457:
430:
428:
199:, where the matter remains pending.
771:Sikdar, Shubhomoy (4 August 2022).
713:
347:with the consent of Chief Minister
13:
876:
733:
385:Cassey, Brian (10 February 2020).
89:in the north of Chhattisgarh. The
14:
1086:
541:
512:
483:
454:
425:
328:Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly
179:, a state-owned power utility of
982:
949:
916:
891:
870:
824:
798:
764:
707:
680:
654:
629:
365:Central Bureau of Investigation
604:
570:
399:
378:
1:
371:
16:Forest in Chhattisgarh, India
877:MS, Nileena (24 June 2020).
326:Following the protests, the
281:Exhaustion of PEKB coalfield
69:is a forest in the state of
7:
1070:Environment of Chhattisgarh
714:Jai, Shreya (23 May 2020).
131:Wildlife Institute of India
10:
1091:
136:
587:Ministry of Mines (India)
235:Role of Adani Enterprises
166:
116:
42:
31:
26:
21:
113:districts of the state.
81:communities such as the
720:Business Standard India
361:Enforcement Directorate
290:Protests and opposition
193:National Green Tribunal
173:Chhattisgarh government
616:www.downtoearth.org.in
158:Hasdeo Arand coalfield
87:Hasdeo Arand coalfield
85:. It is on top of the
63:
1046:22.60000°N 82.80000°E
963:. 23 September 2022.
93:proposed to mine the
57:
152:water catchment area
129:and other tribes. A
1042: /
996:The Washington Post
591:Government of India
558:. 23 September 2021
322:Government Response
316:Indian Constitution
250:washing of raw coal
91:Government of India
1051:22.60000; 82.80000
862:has generic name (
812:. 18 November 2022
641:www.adanipower.com
600:on 11 August 2013.
440:The Indian Express
336:Central government
258:Coal India Limited
214:On April 13, 2013
64:
930:. 4 August 2022.
693:Business Standard
585:(50th ed.).
229:Forest Rights Act
216:Adani Enterprises
50:
49:
1082:
1075:Forests of India
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1007:
1005:
1003:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
895:
889:
888:
874:
868:
867:
861:
857:
855:
847:
845:
843:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
742:
731:
730:
728:
726:
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
684:
678:
677:
675:
673:
658:
652:
651:
649:
647:
633:
627:
626:
624:
622:
608:
602:
601:
599:
593:. Archived from
584:
574:
568:
567:
565:
563:
548:
539:
538:
536:
534:
519:
510:
509:
507:
505:
490:
481:
480:
478:
476:
461:
452:
451:
449:
447:
432:
423:
422:
420:
418:
403:
397:
396:
382:
332:Dharamjeet Singh
252:, a report from
46:170,000 hectares
19:
18:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1009:
1008:
1001:
999:
987:
983:
973:
971:
955:
954:
950:
940:
938:
922:
921:
917:
907:
905:
897:
896:
892:
875:
871:
859:
858:
849:
848:
841:
839:
829:
825:
815:
813:
804:
803:
799:
789:
787:
769:
765:
755:
753:
743:
734:
724:
722:
712:
708:
698:
696:
686:
685:
681:
671:
669:
660:
659:
655:
645:
643:
635:
634:
630:
620:
618:
610:
609:
605:
597:
582:
576:
575:
571:
561:
559:
550:
549:
542:
532:
530:
527:Hindustan Times
521:
520:
513:
503:
501:
491:
484:
474:
472:
463:
462:
455:
445:
443:
434:
433:
426:
416:
414:
405:
404:
400:
383:
379:
374:
357:Washington Post
345:T. S. Singh Deo
324:
295:legally in the
292:
283:
275:calorific value
237:
169:
160:
139:
119:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1024:
1023:
981:
948:
915:
890:
869:
823:
810:The New Yorker
797:
763:
732:
706:
679:
668:. 7 March 2019
666:Mongabay-India
653:
628:
603:
569:
556:Mongabay-India
540:
511:
482:
453:
424:
398:
376:
375:
373:
370:
323:
320:
291:
288:
282:
279:
236:
233:
205:anthrpocentric
168:
165:
159:
156:
138:
135:
118:
115:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1087:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1019:
1013:
998:
997:
992:
985:
970:
966:
962:
958:
952:
937:
933:
929:
925:
919:
904:
900:
894:
886:
885:
880:
873:
865:
853:
838:
834:
827:
811:
807:
801:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
752:
748:
741:
739:
737:
721:
717:
710:
695:
694:
689:
683:
667:
663:
657:
642:
638:
632:
617:
613:
607:
596:
592:
588:
581:
580:
573:
557:
553:
547:
545:
529:. 31 May 2022
528:
524:
518:
516:
500:
496:
489:
487:
471:. 6 June 2022
470:
466:
460:
458:
442:. 29 May 2022
441:
437:
431:
429:
413:. 11 May 2024
412:
408:
402:
394:
393:
388:
381:
377:
369:
366:
362:
358:
353:
350:
346:
341:
337:
333:
329:
319:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
287:
278:
276:
271:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
245:joint venture
242:
232:
230:
224:
222:
221:fait accompli
217:
212:
210:
206:
200:
198:
197:Supreme Court
194:
190:
189:Jairam Ramesh
186:
182:
178:
174:
164:
155:
153:
149:
145:
134:
132:
128:
124:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:central India
72:
68:
61:
56:
52:
45:
41:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1027:
1000:. Retrieved
994:
984:
972:. Retrieved
960:
951:
939:. Retrieved
927:
918:
906:. Retrieved
902:
893:
882:
872:
860:|first=
840:. Retrieved
836:
826:
814:. Retrieved
809:
800:
788:. Retrieved
776:
766:
754:. Retrieved
750:
723:. Retrieved
719:
709:
697:. Retrieved
691:
682:
670:. Retrieved
665:
656:
644:. Retrieved
640:
631:
619:. Retrieved
615:
606:
595:the original
578:
572:
560:. Retrieved
555:
531:. Retrieved
526:
502:. Retrieved
498:
473:. Retrieved
468:
444:. Retrieved
439:
415:. Retrieved
410:
401:
392:The Guardian
390:
380:
354:
325:
309:
305:Rahul Gandhi
293:
284:
267:
260:. Since the
238:
225:
213:
201:
170:
161:
140:
120:
99:Hasdeo river
86:
71:Chhattisgarh
67:Hasdeo Arand
66:
65:
60:Hasdeo River
51:
36:Chhattisgarh
22:Hasdeo Arand
1049: /
908:20 November
884:The Caravan
842:20 November
816:20 November
790:25 December
756:25 December
725:25 December
699:28 November
672:20 November
646:20 November
621:25 December
562:20 November
533:25 December
504:20 November
475:20 November
446:28 November
334:urging the
312:gram sabhas
270:Adani power
209:eco-centric
1064:Categories
1037:82°48′00″E
1034:22°36′00″N
469:IndiaTimes
372:References
363:, and the
297:High Court
1012:cite news
969:0971-751X
961:The Hindu
936:0971-751X
928:The Hindu
837:Scroll.in
785:0971-751X
777:The Hindu
751:Scroll.in
254:Scroll.in
181:Rajasthan
27:Geography
903:The Wire
852:cite web
499:TheQuint
411:BBC News
301:Congress
107:Surajpur
32:Location
1002:10 June
974:10 June
941:10 June
303:leader
137:Ecology
111:Surguja
79:adivasi
38:, India
967:
934:
783:
417:12 May
349:Baghel
241:RRVUNL
177:RRVUNL
167:Mining
117:People
598:(PDF)
583:(PDF)
127:Oraon
103:Korba
83:Gonds
1018:link
1004:2023
976:2023
965:ISSN
943:2023
932:ISSN
910:2022
864:help
844:2022
818:2022
792:2022
781:ISSN
758:2022
727:2022
701:2022
674:2022
648:2022
623:2022
564:2022
535:2022
506:2022
477:2022
448:2022
419:2024
123:Gond
95:coal
58:The
43:Area
340:BJP
148:Sal
73:in
1066::
1014:}}
1010:{{
993:.
959:.
926:.
901:.
881:.
856::
854:}}
850:{{
835:.
808:.
779:.
775:.
749:.
735:^
718:.
690:.
664:.
639:.
614:.
589:,
554:.
543:^
525:.
514:^
497:.
485:^
467:.
456:^
438:.
427:^
409:.
389:.
355:A
125:,
109:,
105:,
1020:)
1006:.
978:.
945:.
912:.
887:.
866:)
846:.
820:.
794:.
760:.
729:.
703:.
676:.
650:.
625:.
566:.
537:.
508:.
479:.
450:.
421:.
395:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
