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7625: 3597: 2450: 370: 1494: 1028: 1205: 3359: 4436: 2276: 2658: 217: 6612: 6261: 3092: 2944:(see below), are also used in the simpler framework of the circle. It is a common practice to allow for complex functions (or distributions) in these "real" spaces. The definition that follows does not distinguish between real or complex case. 2100: 711: 1334: 5417: 904: 5187: 1055: 6048: 540: 4536: 4006: 1784: 5643: 3193: 4912: 4757: 3592:{\displaystyle u(e^{i\theta })={\frac {a_{0}}{2}}+\sum _{k\geqslant 1}a_{k}\cos(k\theta )+b_{k}\sin(k\theta )\longrightarrow v(e^{i\theta })=\sum _{k\geqslant 1}a_{k}\sin(k\theta )-b_{k}\cos(k\theta ).} 4094: 4289: 1965: 828: 2445:{\displaystyle G(z)=c\,\exp \left({\frac {1}{2\pi }}\int _{-\pi }^{\pi }{\frac {e^{i\theta }+z}{e^{i\theta }-z}}\log \!\left(\varphi \!\left(e^{i\theta }\right)\right)\,\mathrm {d} \theta \right)} 1304: 4257:
It is possible to define Hardy spaces on other domains than the disc, and in many applications Hardy spaces on a complex half-plane (usually the right half-plane or upper half-plane) are used.
2744: 5851: 4646: 6368: 365:{\displaystyle \sup _{0\leqslant r<1}\left({\frac {1}{2\pi }}\int _{0}^{2\pi }\left|f\left(re^{i\theta }\right)\right|^{p}\;\mathrm {d} \theta \right)^{\frac {1}{p}}<\infty .} 2557: 6475: 2513: 428: 6498: 6112: 2968: 1677: 1612: 1571: 1534: 880: 743: 2533: 2481: 1489:{\displaystyle f\left(re^{i\theta }\right)={\frac {1}{2\pi }}\int _{0}^{2\pi }P_{r}(\theta -\phi ){\tilde {f}}\left(e^{i\phi }\right)\,\mathrm {d} \phi ,\quad r<1,} 1988: 1023:{\displaystyle g\in H^{p}\left(\mathbf {T} \right){\text{ if and only if }}g\in L^{p}\left(\mathbf {T} \right){\text{ and }}{\hat {g}}(n)=0{\text{ for all }}n<0,} 618: 5315: 1876:< ∞, the real Hardy space contains the Hardy space, but is much bigger, since no relationship is imposed between the real and imaginary part of the function. 2141:) (defined below) in the simple way given above, but must use the actual definition using maximal functions, which is given further along somewhere below. 4556:, they are not interchangeable as domains for Hardy spaces. Contributing to this difference is the fact that the unit circle has finite (one-dimensional) 1200:{\displaystyle \forall n\in \mathbf {Z} ,\ \ \ {\hat {g}}(n)={\frac {1}{2\pi }}\int _{0}^{2\pi }g\left(e^{i\phi }\right)e^{-in\phi }\,\mathrm {d} \phi .} 7514: 5051: 6736: 4793: 6698: 7350: 6929: 7177: 5985: 451: 4455: 3912: 1883:< 1, such tools as Fourier coefficients, Poisson integral, conjugate function, are no longer valid. For example, consider the function 1685: 5554: 7340: 6289:
Martingales with continuous time parameter can also be considered. A direct link with the classical theory is obtained via the complex
3137: 4812: 3899: 7027: 5924: 7467: 7322: 4677: 7298: 4431:{\displaystyle \|f\|_{H^{p}}=\sup _{y>0}\left(\int _{-\infty }^{+\infty }|f(x+iy)|^{p}\,\mathrm {d} x\right)^{\frac {1}{p}}.} 4032: 7129: 7063: 6995: 6970: 6816: 6794: 1889: 755: 6730:
Burkholder, Donald L.; Gundy, Richard F.; Silverstein, Martin L. (1971), "A maximal function characterization of the class
1256: 2684: 7190: 589:
The Hardy spaces defined in the preceding section can also be viewed as certain closed vector subspaces of the complex
7279: 7170: 7037: 5786: 4584: 7549: 7664: 7194: 6060: 5743: 2807:
be an outer function represented as above from a function φ on the circle. Replacing φ by φ, α > 0, a family (
2255:
factorization" allows the Hardy space to be completely characterized by the spaces of inner and outer functions.
6318: 85:
on the real line, which are (in the sense of distributions) boundary values of the holomorphic functions of the
1789:
In applications, those functions with vanishing negative Fourier coefficients are commonly interpreted as the
7345: 7149: 6895: 6786: 5943: 4994:(this depends on the choice of Ί, but different choices of Schwartz functions Ί give equivalent norms). The 2653:{\displaystyle \lim _{r\to 1^{-}}\left|G\left(re^{i\theta }\right)\right|=\varphi \left(e^{i\theta }\right)} 7628: 7401: 7335: 7163: 6808: 7365: 7144: 6890: 7054:, Mathematics Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematical Monographs (New Series), Basel: 6431: 7610: 7564: 7488: 7370: 7016: 2178: 82: 6607:{\displaystyle \int _{0}^{1}{\Bigl (}\sum |c_{k}h_{k}(x)|^{2}{\Bigr )}^{\frac {1}{2}}\,\mathrm {d} x.} 6256:{\displaystyle S(f)=\left(|M_{0}|^{2}+\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }|M_{n+1}-M_{n}|^{2}\right)^{\frac {1}{2}}.} 3087:{\displaystyle (Mf)(e^{i\theta })=\sup _{0<r<1}\left|(f*P_{r})\left(e^{i\theta }\right)\right|,} 7654: 7605: 7421: 7085: 2486: 1840:
discussed further down in this article are easy to describe in the present context. A real function
566: 390: 7659: 7457: 7355: 7258: 7139: 6406:
is the finite field generated by the dyadic partition of into 2 intervals of length 2, for every
5221: 6885: 4553: 1653: 1588: 1547: 1510: 856: 719: 127:
There are also higher-dimensional generalizations, consisting of certain holomorphic functions on
7554: 7330: 7585: 7529: 7493: 2095:{\displaystyle f(e^{i\theta }):=\lim _{r\to 1}F(re^{i\theta })=i\,\cot({\tfrac {\theta }{2}}).} 706:{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}\left(e^{i\theta }\right)=\lim _{r\to 1}f\left(re^{i\theta }\right)} 5247:
has elements that are not functions, and its dual is the homogeneous Lipschitz space of order
2518: 2466: 7649: 7292: 5412:{\displaystyle \int _{\mathbf {R} ^{n}}f(x)x_{1}^{i_{1}}\ldots x_{n}^{i_{n}}\,\mathrm {d} x,} 578: 139: 20: 7288: 5693: < 1 (on the circle, the corresponding representation is valid for 0 < 4156: < 1. Distributions that are not functions do occur, as is seen with functions 7568: 7073: 6914: 6876: 6765: 1814: 1042: 445:
is defined as the vector space of bounded holomorphic functions on the disk, with the norm
166: 47: 7155: 6950: 379:
is a vector space. The number on the left side of the above inequality is the Hardy space
8: 7534: 7472: 7186: 97: 43: 3795:= ∞ was excluded from the definition of real Hardy spaces, because the maximal function 7559: 7426: 7102: 6987: 6979: 6962: 6769: 6753: 2184: 124:
spaces have some undesirable properties, and the Hardy spaces are much better behaved.
6712: 6693: 6308:= 0. Let τ denote the hitting time of the unit circle. For every holomorphic function 7539: 7125: 7106: 7059: 7033: 6991: 6966: 6840: 6812: 6790: 4800: 3627: 1802: 1311: 574: 154: 6773: 7544: 7462: 7431: 7411: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7094: 6946: 6938: 6862: 6853: 6745: 6707: 6689: 6668: 6659: 5763:. Assume for simplicity that ÎŁ is equal to the σ-field generated by the sequence (ÎŁ 4804: 4557: 4269: 2766: 185: 55: 27: 7223: 3811:. However, the two following properties are equivalent for a real valued function 7406: 7360: 7308: 7303: 7274: 7069: 7023: 6911: 6872: 6761: 1872:) belong to the space (see the section on real Hardy spaces below). Thus for 1 ≀ 7233: 5182:{\displaystyle f_{k}(x)=\mathbf {1} _{}(x-k)-\mathbf {1} _{}(x+k),\ \ \ k>0.} 2796:), where φ is the positive function in the representation of the outer function 7595: 7447: 7248: 6942: 6907: 6833: 6630: 6290: 2754: 2544: 1319: 143: 86: 4152:
Distributions on the circle are general enough for handling Hardy spaces when
7643: 7600: 7524: 7253: 7238: 7228: 7080: 2252: 75: 59: 7055: 7590: 7243: 7213: 7113: 6415: 5682: 3643: 1235: 2206: 2191:= 1. The Dirac distribution at a point of the unit circle belongs to real- 596:
on the unit circle. This connection is provided by the following theorem (
7519: 7416: 7218: 7121: 6844: 6825: 4766: 128: 67: 7452: 7284: 7098: 6920: 6867: 6757: 6673: 6654: 6043:{\displaystyle M_{n}=\operatorname {E} {\bigl (}f|\Sigma _{n}{\bigr )}} 2750: 147: 3803:
function is always bounded, and because it is not desirable that real-
535:{\displaystyle \|f\|_{H^{\infty }}=\sup _{|z|<1}\left|f(z)\right|.} 4959: 4542: 2765:. The inner function can be further factored into a form involving a 170: 51: 6924: 6749: 6655:"On two problems concerning linear transformations in Hilbert space" 4531:{\displaystyle \|f\|_{H^{\infty }}=\sup _{z\in \mathbf {H} }|f(z)|.} 4001:{\displaystyle F(z)=\sum _{n=0}^{+\infty }c_{n}z^{n},\quad |z|<1} 1779:{\displaystyle f(z)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}z^{n},\ \ \ |z|<1.} 5638:{\displaystyle f=\sum c_{j}a_{j},\ \ \ \sum |c_{j}|^{p}<\infty } 4763: 4561: 590: 174: 90: 6687: 5705:≀ 1/2 because their maximal function is equivalent at infinity to 4449:) is defined as functions of bounded norm, with the norm given by 3878:
cannot be reconstructed from the real part of its boundary limit
3188:{\displaystyle e^{i\varphi }\rightarrow P_{r}(\theta -\varphi ).} 2920:< 1, can be expressed as product of several functions in some 2121:) is 0 almost everywhere, so it is no longer possible to recover 4907:{\displaystyle (M_{\Phi }f)(x)=\sup _{t>0}|(f*\Phi _{t})(x)|} 1824: 5697: < 1, but on the line, Haar functions do not belong to 5669:
On the line for example, the difference of Dirac distributions
1790: 550: 109: 2931: 2129:). As a consequence of this example, one sees that for 0 < 5281: < 1 and so defines a metric on the Hardy space 4752:{\displaystyle (Mf)(z):={\frac {\sqrt {\pi }}{1-z}}f(m(z)).} 2936:
Real-variable techniques, mainly associated to the study of
131:
in the complex case, or certain spaces of distributions on
7185: 7083:(1923), "Über die Randwerte einer analytischen Funktion", 6925:"On the mean value of the modulus of an analytic function" 6729: 6386: 6094: > 1) and the Burgess Davis inequality (when 4099:
converges in the sense of distributions to a distribution
6904:
Martingale Inequalities: Seminar notes on recent progress
5263:-quasinorm is not a norm, as it is not subadditive. The 5750:), with respect to an increasing sequence of σ-fields (ÎŁ 4252: 4199:) iff it is the boundary value of the real part of some 4089:{\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{+\infty }c_{n}e^{in\theta }} 3857: 2814:) of outer functions is obtained, with the properties: 2207:
Factorization into inner and outer functions (Beurling)
1960:{\displaystyle F(z)={\frac {1+z}{1-z}},\quad |z|<1.} 823:{\displaystyle \|{\tilde {f}}\|_{L^{p}}=\|f\|_{H^{p}}.} 5444: âˆ’ 1), vanish. For example, the integral of 2075: 6501: 6434: 6321: 6115: 5988: 5789: 5557: 5318: 5054: 4815: 4680: 4587: 4458: 4292: 4035: 3915: 3362: 3140: 2971: 2687: 2560: 2521: 2489: 2469: 2279: 1991: 1892: 1688: 1656: 1591: 1550: 1513: 1337: 1259: 1058: 907: 859: 758: 722: 621: 454: 393: 220: 5919:; hence it converges almost surely to some function 4275:
is defined to be the space of holomorphic functions
4145:
can be computed from the Fourier coefficients of Re(
3353:
extends to a holomorphic function in the unit disk,
19:"Hardy class" redirects here. For the warships, see 4130:
can be reconstructed from the real distribution Re(
3882:on the circle, because of the lack of convexity of 1844:on the unit circle belongs to the real Hardy space 1299:{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}\in L^{p}(\mathbf {T} )} 7515:Spectral theory of ordinary differential equations 6606: 6469: 6362: 6255: 6042: 5845: 5637: 5411: 5181: 4906: 4751: 4640: 4530: 4430: 4191:A real distribution on the circle belongs to real- 4088: 4000: 3591: 3187: 3086: 2739:{\displaystyle \lim _{r\to 1^{-}}h(re^{i\theta })} 2738: 2652: 2527: 2515:is integrable on the circle. In particular, when 2507: 2475: 2444: 2094: 1959: 1778: 1671: 1606: 1565: 1528: 1488: 1298: 1253:The above can be turned around. Given a function 1199: 1022: 874: 822: 737: 705: 584: 534: 422: 364: 6737:Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 6576: 6519: 5521:-atom is bounded by a constant depending only on 5228:contains unbounded functions (proving again that 4134:) on the circle, because the Taylor coefficients 3658: < ∞, the following are equivalent for a 3626: < ∞ (up to a scalar multiple, it is the 2896:can be expressed as the product of a function in 2401: 2392: 160: 7641: 6699:Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 6392: 6300:) in the complex plane, starting from the point 5804: 4848: 4486: 4320: 3007: 2689: 2562: 2018: 659: 482: 222: 6694:"Inner and outer functions on Riemann surfaces" 5953:can be expressed as conditional expectation of 5846:{\displaystyle M^{*}=\sup _{n\geq 0}\,|M_{n}|.} 4641:{\displaystyle m(z)=i\cdot {\frac {1+z}{1-z}}.} 3101:indicates convolution between the distribution 2678:| â‰€ 1 on the unit disk and the limit 545:For 0 < p â‰€ q â‰€ ∞, the class 6930:Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 6839: 6805:Blaschke Products - Bounded Analytic Functions 6652: 3886:in this case. Convexity fails but a kind of " 138:Hardy spaces have a number of applications in 7171: 6102:-norm of the maximal function to that of the 6079:< ∞. The interesting space is martingale- 6035: 6010: 5963:. It is thus possible to identify martingale- 2954:denote the Poisson kernel on the unit circle 2463:| = 1, and some positive measurable function 2183:on the circle, is a non-zero multiple of the 1825:Connection to real Hardy spaces on the circle 207:< ∞ is the class of holomorphic functions 6373:is a martingale, that belongs to martingale- 4560:while the real line does not. However, for 4466: 4459: 4300: 4293: 3338:on the unit circle, one associates the real 801: 794: 775: 759: 749:space for the unit circle, and one has that 462: 455: 401: 394: 6414:on is represented by its expansion on the 5746:on some probability space (Ω, ÎŁ,  4772: 4283:with bounded norm, the norm being given by 2932:Real-variable techniques on the unit circle 7178: 7164: 6978: 6781:Cima, Joseph A.; Ross, William T. (2000), 6363:{\displaystyle M_{t}=F(B_{t\wedge \tau })} 3822:  is the real part of some function 1852:) if it is the real part of a function in 895: 597: 328: 104: < âˆž these real Hardy spaces 7137: 7022: 6866: 6711: 6672: 6621:(ÎŽ), is isomorphic to the classical real 6592: 5819: 5397: 5305:of compact support is in the Hardy space 4552:can be mapped to one another by means of 4400: 2428: 2298: 2133:< 1, one cannot characterize the real- 2064: 1461: 1185: 7468:Group algebra of a locally compact group 6780: 6387:Burkholder, Gundy & Silverstein 1971 6090:The Burkholder–Gundy inequalities (when 5544:as a convergent infinite combination of 3131:-function defined on the unit circle by 2543:because the above takes the form of the 2215: â‰€ âˆž, every non-zero function 716:exists for almost every Ξ. The function 7029:Representation Theorems in Hardy Spaces 6956: 6883: 6802: 5292: 5285:, which defines the topology and makes 5243: < 1 then the Hardy space 3334:To every real trigonometric polynomial 3283: ≥ 1, the distribution 1864:belongs to the real Hardy space iff Re( 7642: 7045: 7003: 6901: 6626: 6283: 6084: 4026:). It follows that the Fourier series 7159: 7112: 7079: 6919: 6824: 6783:The Backward Shift on the Hardy Space 4780:In analysis on the real vector space 4253:Hardy spaces for the upper half plane 3610:extends to a bounded linear operator 3329: 2548: 2248: 89:Hardy spaces, and are related to the 71: 63: 6984:An Introduction to Harmonic Analysis 6906:, Mathematics Lecture Notes Series, 4566:, one has the following theorem: if 4217:of the unit circle, belongs to real- 3123:)(e) is the result of the action of 853:) consisting of all limit functions 6959:Banach Spaces of Analytic Functions 5301:≀ 1, a bounded measurable function 2908:is the product of two functions in 2757:is equal to 1 a.e. In particular, 13: 6594: 6470:{\displaystyle f=\sum c_{k}h_{k},} 6183: 6024: 6002: 5681:can be represented as a series of 5632: 5505:| denotes the Euclidean volume of 5399: 4878: 4824: 4578:denotes the Möbius transformation 4475: 4402: 4357: 4349: 4055: 3950: 3674:is the real part of some function 2860:| almost everywhere on the circle. 2430: 1720: 1463: 1187: 1059: 471: 356: 330: 14: 7676: 6713:10.1090/S0002-9939-1965-0183883-1 6617:This space, sometimes denoted by 2904:. For example: every function in 2551:, Thm 17.16). This implies that 1318:on the unit disk by means of the 211:on the open unit disk satisfying 7624: 7623: 7550:Topological quantum field theory 6083:, whose dual is martingale-BMO ( 5780:of the martingale is defined by 5720: 5525:and on the Schwartz function Ί. 5326: 5121: 5079: 4497: 4239:< 1/2, second derivatives ÎŽâ€Čâ€Č 3890:" remains, namely the fact that 3299:), namely the boundary value of 2864:It follows that whenever 0 < 1797:is seen to sit naturally inside 1289: 1069: 963: 929: 199:More generally, the Hardy space 5309:if and only if all its moments 3978: 2203: < 1 (see below). 1937: 1473: 1049:integrable on the unit circle, 585:Hardy spaces on the unit circle 161:Hardy spaces for the unit disk 16:Concept within complex analysis 7032:, Cambridge University Press, 6851:spaces of several variables", 6681: 6646: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6528: 6357: 6338: 6270:can be defined by saying that 6224: 6189: 6154: 6138: 6125: 6119: 6019: 5925:martingale convergence theorem 5836: 5821: 5689:-quasinorm when 1/2 < 5619: 5603: 5347: 5341: 5289:into a complete metric space. 5155: 5143: 5138: 5126: 5113: 5101: 5096: 5084: 5071: 5065: 5013: < ∞, the Hardy space 4925:), where ∗ is convolution and 4900: 4896: 4890: 4887: 4868: 4864: 4841: 4835: 4832: 4816: 4743: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4699: 4693: 4690: 4681: 4597: 4591: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4504: 4390: 4385: 4370: 4363: 3988: 3980: 3925: 3919: 3752:), hence the real Hardy space 3583: 3574: 3552: 3543: 3505: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3471: 3449: 3440: 3382: 3366: 3179: 3167: 3154: 3052: 3033: 3000: 2984: 2981: 2972: 2733: 2714: 2696: 2569: 2508:{\displaystyle \log(\varphi )} 2502: 2496: 2289: 2283: 2223:can be written as the product 2086: 2071: 2055: 2036: 2025: 2011: 1995: 1947: 1939: 1902: 1896: 1766: 1758: 1698: 1692: 1663: 1598: 1557: 1520: 1434: 1425: 1413: 1293: 1285: 1266: 1103: 1097: 1091: 994: 988: 982: 866: 768: 729: 666: 628: 521: 515: 495: 487: 434:≄ 1, but not when 0 < 423:{\displaystyle \|f\|_{H^{p}}.} 1: 7346:Uniform boundedness principle 6787:American Mathematical Society 6723: 5944:dominated convergence theorem 5033:. One can find sequences in 5021:, with equivalent norm. When 4803:Ί with ∫Ί = 1, the 3906:> 0. As a consequence, if 3858:Real Hardy spaces for 0 < 3112:(Ξ) on the circle. Namely, ( 2535:is integrable on the circle, 2483:on the unit circle such that 1982:< 1, and the radial limit 1801:space, and is represented by 6809:University of Michigan Press 6492:norm of the square function 5200:norms are not equivalent on 5017:is the same vector space as 4792: â‰€ âˆž) consists of 3708:the radial maximal function 3236:defined on the unit disk by 3213:) consists of distributions 2788:if and only if φ belongs to 1793:solutions. Thus, the space 1679:is the holomorphic function 1672:{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}} 1607:{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}} 1566:{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}} 1529:{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}} 875:{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}} 833:Denoting the unit circle by 738:{\displaystyle {\tilde {f}}} 7: 7145:Encyclopedia of Mathematics 7046:MĂŒller, Paul F. X. (2005), 6902:Garsia, Adriano M. (1973), 6891:Encyclopedia of Mathematics 6400:In this example, Ω = and ÎŁ 6393:Example: dyadic martingale- 5517:-quasinorm of an arbitrary 5025: = 1, the Hardy space 3772:= 1, the real Hardy space 10: 7681: 7489:Invariant subspace problem 7017:Cambridge University Press 6629:). The Haar system is an 5448:must vanish in order that 5045:, for example on the line 4998:-quasinorm is a norm when 4172:| < 1), that belong to 3841:  and its conjugate 3780:) is a proper subspace of 1860:), and a complex function 1614:has Fourier coefficients ( 1218:) is a closed subspace of 939: if and only if  180:consists of the functions 58:. They were introduced by 18: 7619: 7578: 7502: 7481: 7440: 7379: 7321: 7267: 7209: 7202: 7138:Shvedenko, S.V. (2001) , 7118:Real and Complex Analysis 7086:Mathematische Zeitschrift 6957:Hoffman, Kenneth (1988), 6061:Doob's maximal inequality 5979:such that the martingale 5482:has support in some ball 5475:this is also sufficient. 4651:Then the linear operator 4548:and the upper half-plane 3630:on the unit circle), and 2672:inner (interior) function 2268:outer (exterior) function 1642:< 0, then the element 845:) the vector subspace of 561:-norm is increasing with 7458:Spectrum of a C*-algebra 6943:10.1112/plms/s2_14.1.269 6640: 6063:implies that martingale- 5860:< ∞. The martingale ( 5222:bounded mean oscillation 5029:is a proper subspace of 4207:. A Dirac distribution ÎŽ 4103:on the unit circle, and 2962:on the unit circle, set 2528:{\displaystyle \varphi } 2476:{\displaystyle \varphi } 2455:for some complex number 890:, one then has that for 573:-norm is increasing for 565:(it is a consequence of 188:on the circle of radius 70:, because of the paper ( 66:), who named them after 7555:Noncommutative geometry 6884:Folland, G.B. (2001) , 6803:Colwell, Peter (1985), 6653:Beurling, Arne (1948). 4015:, it can be shown that 3261:radial maximal function 1310:≄ 1, one can regain a ( 7665:Schwartz distributions 7611:Tomita–Takesaki theory 7586:Approximation property 7530:Calculus of variations 6608: 6488:can be defined by the 6471: 6364: 6257: 6187: 6053:belongs to martingale- 6044: 5975:) consisting of those 5847: 5639: 5413: 5255: âˆ’ 1). When 5183: 4908: 4794:tempered distributions 4788:(for 0 <  4773:Real Hardy spaces for 4753: 4642: 4554:Möbius transformations 4532: 4432: 4229:< 1; derivatives ÎŽâ€Č 4188:an integer ≄ 1). 4090: 4059: 4002: 3954: 3654:. When 1 ≤ 3593: 3255:)(e) is harmonic, and 3189: 3088: 2740: 2654: 2529: 2509: 2477: 2446: 2144:For the same function 2096: 1961: 1780: 1724: 1673: 1608: 1567: 1530: 1490: 1300: 1201: 1024: 876: 824: 739: 707: 612:≄ 1, the radial limit 536: 424: 366: 142:itself, as well as in 81:are certain spaces of 7606:Banach–Mazur distance 7569:Generalized functions 7048:Isomorphisms Between 6625:space on the circle ( 6609: 6472: 6365: 6258: 6167: 6045: 5967:with the subspace of 5848: 5640: 5414: 5184: 4980:is defined to be the 4909: 4754: 4643: 4533: 4433: 4249:< 1/3, and so on. 4091: 4036: 4003: 3931: 3594: 3307: ≥ 1, the 3190: 3105:and the function e → 3089: 2958:. For a distribution 2741: 2655: 2530: 2510: 2478: 2447: 2270:if it takes the form 2211:For 0 <  2097: 1962: 1815:bi-infinite sequences 1781: 1704: 1674: 1609: 1568: 1531: 1491: 1301: 1202: 1025: 877: 825: 740: 708: 537: 425: 367: 167:holomorphic functions 140:mathematical analysis 48:holomorphic functions 21:Hardy class destroyer 7351:Kakutani fixed-point 7336:Riesz representation 6499: 6480:then the martingale- 6432: 6319: 6113: 5986: 5787: 5555: 5542:atomic decomposition 5460:≀ 1, and as long as 5316: 5293:Atomic decomposition 5052: 5037:that are bounded in 4813: 4678: 4585: 4456: 4290: 4122:)(Ξ). The function 4033: 3913: 3768:) in this case. For 3712:  belongs to 3666:on the unit circle: 3662:integrable function 3622:), when 1 < 3360: 3340:conjugate polynomial 3138: 2969: 2912:; every function in 2685: 2663:for almost every Ξ. 2558: 2519: 2487: 2467: 2277: 2251:, Thm 17.17). This " 2247:, as defined below ( 1989: 1890: 1686: 1654: 1589: 1548: 1511: 1335: 1257: 1056: 1043:Fourier coefficients 905: 857: 756: 720: 619: 581:with total mass 1). 575:probability measures 452: 391: 218: 100:. For 1 â‰€  7535:Functional calculus 7494:Mahler's conjecture 7473:Von Neumann algebra 7187:Functional analysis 7015:(Second ed.), 7004:Koosis, P. (1998), 6980:Katznelson, Yitzhak 6688:Voichick, Michael; 6631:unconditional basis 6516: 6410:≄ 0. If a function 5486:and is bounded by | 5396: 5371: 5277:is subadditive for 5006: < 1. 4799:such that for some 4769:of Hilbert spaces. 4361: 3870:< 1, a function 3271:  belongs to 2928: > 1. 2342: 1646:of the Hardy space 1402: 1141: 1005: for all  600:, Thm 3.8): Given 567:Hölder's inequality 438: < 1. 281: 192:remains bounded as 98:functional analysis 7560:Riemann hypothesis 7259:Topological vector 7099:10.1007/BF01192397 6988:Dover Publications 6963:Dover Publications 6868:10.1007/BF02392215 6841:Fefferman, Charles 6830:Theory of H-Spaces 6674:10.1007/BF02395019 6604: 6502: 6467: 6360: 6312:in the unit disk, 6253: 6106:of the martingale 6040: 5901:, the martingale ( 5843: 5818: 5635: 5409: 5375: 5350: 5179: 5002:≄ 1, but not when 4972:of a distribution 4904: 4862: 4784:, the Hardy space 4749: 4638: 4528: 4502: 4441:The corresponding 4428: 4341: 4334: 4184: < 1 (and 4086: 3998: 3693:and its conjugate 3589: 3526: 3423: 3330:Conjugate function 3202: < ∞, the 3185: 3084: 3027: 2900:and a function in 2736: 2710: 2650: 2583: 2525: 2505: 2473: 2442: 2325: 2185:Dirac distribution 2163:). The limit when 2092: 2084: 2032: 1957: 1803:infinite sequences 1776: 1669: 1604: 1563: 1544:). Supposing that 1526: 1486: 1385: 1296: 1197: 1124: 1020: 872: 820: 735: 703: 673: 532: 506: 430:It is a norm when 420: 362: 264: 242: 135:in the real case. 7637: 7636: 7540:Integral operator 7317: 7316: 7131:978-0-07-100276-9 7065:978-3-7643-2431-5 6997:978-0-486-63331-2 6972:978-0-486-65785-1 6818:978-0-472-10065-1 6796:978-0-8218-2083-4 6690:Zalcman, Lawrence 6589: 6247: 6071:(Ω, ÎŁ,  5971:(Ω, ÎŁ,  5803: 5717: â‰  0). 5598: 5595: 5592: 5532:≀ 1, any element 5232:is not closed in 5208:is not closed in 5169: 5166: 5163: 5041:but unbounded in 4847: 4801:Schwartz function 4723: 4711: 4633: 4485: 4422: 4319: 4176:when 0 < 3888:complex convexity 3760:) coincides with 3628:Hilbert transform 3511: 3408: 3403: 3318:) is a subset of 3006: 2938:real Hardy spaces 2888:, every function 2688: 2561: 2387: 2323: 2083: 2017: 1978:for every 0 < 1932: 1835:real Hardy spaces 1756: 1753: 1750: 1666: 1601: 1560: 1523: 1437: 1383: 1269: 1122: 1094: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1006: 985: 974: 940: 869: 771: 732: 658: 631: 481: 350: 262: 221: 186:mean square value 155:scattering theory 7672: 7655:Complex analysis 7627: 7626: 7545:Jones polynomial 7463:Operator algebra 7207: 7206: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7157: 7156: 7152: 7134: 7109: 7076: 7042: 7019: 7006:Introduction to 7000: 6975: 6953: 6910: 6898: 6880: 6870: 6861:(3–4): 137–193, 6854:Acta Mathematica 6836: 6821: 6799: 6777: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6706:(6): 1200–1204. 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6660:Acta Mathematica 6650: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6551: 6550: 6541: 6540: 6531: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6510: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6462: 6453: 6452: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6355: 6331: 6330: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6240: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6208: 6207: 6192: 6186: 6181: 6163: 6162: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6141: 6098:= 1) relate the 6049: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6022: 6014: 6013: 5998: 5997: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5833: 5824: 5817: 5799: 5798: 5778:maximal function 5685:, convergent in 5644: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5606: 5596: 5593: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5474: 5469: / ( 5418: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5402: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5383: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5358: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5220:of functions of 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5142: 5141: 5124: 5100: 5099: 5082: 5064: 5063: 4953: 4939: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4886: 4885: 4867: 4861: 4828: 4827: 4805:maximal function 4758: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4724: 4722: 4707: 4706: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4632: 4621: 4610: 4558:Lebesgue measure 4537: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4423: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4366: 4360: 4352: 4333: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4270:upper half-plane 4260:The Hardy space 4095: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4069: 4068: 4058: 4050: 4007: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3991: 3983: 3974: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3953: 3945: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3567: 3566: 3536: 3535: 3525: 3504: 3503: 3464: 3463: 3433: 3432: 3422: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3389: 3381: 3380: 3309:real Hardy space 3291:" a function in 3204:real Hardy space 3198:For 0 < 3194: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3166: 3165: 3153: 3152: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3051: 3050: 3026: 2999: 2998: 2776:, decomposed as 2767:Blaschke product 2745: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2731: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2674:if and only if | 2659: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2644: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2611: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2534: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2451: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2388: 2386: 2379: 2378: 2365: 2358: 2357: 2344: 2341: 2336: 2324: 2322: 2311: 2105:exists for a.e. 2101: 2099: 2098: 2093: 2085: 2076: 2054: 2053: 2031: 2010: 2009: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1950: 1942: 1933: 1931: 1920: 1909: 1785: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1769: 1761: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1734: 1733: 1723: 1718: 1678: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1659: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1594: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1553: 1535: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1524: 1516: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1466: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1439: 1438: 1430: 1412: 1411: 1401: 1393: 1384: 1382: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1305: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1284: 1283: 1271: 1270: 1262: 1206: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1165: 1161: 1160: 1140: 1132: 1123: 1121: 1110: 1096: 1095: 1087: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1007: 1004: 987: 986: 978: 975: 972: 970: 966: 957: 956: 941: 938: 936: 932: 923: 922: 894: â‰„ 1,( 881: 879: 878: 873: 871: 870: 862: 829: 827: 826: 821: 816: 815: 814: 813: 790: 789: 788: 787: 773: 772: 764: 744: 742: 741: 736: 734: 733: 725: 712: 710: 709: 704: 702: 698: 697: 696: 672: 654: 650: 649: 633: 632: 624: 541: 539: 538: 533: 528: 524: 505: 498: 490: 477: 476: 475: 474: 429: 427: 426: 421: 416: 415: 414: 413: 371: 369: 368: 363: 352: 351: 343: 341: 337: 333: 327: 326: 321: 317: 316: 312: 311: 310: 280: 272: 263: 261: 250: 241: 196:→ 1 from below. 56:upper half plane 28:complex analysis 7680: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7660:Operator theory 7640: 7639: 7638: 7633: 7615: 7579:Advanced topics 7574: 7498: 7477: 7436: 7402:Hilbert–Schmidt 7375: 7366:Gelfand–Naimark 7313: 7263: 7198: 7184: 7140:"Hardy classes" 7132: 7066: 7040: 7011: 6998: 6973: 6845:Stein, Elias M. 6819: 6797: 6750:10.2307/1995838 6726: 6721: 6686: 6682: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6593: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6567: 6562: 6561: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6532: 6527: 6518: 6517: 6511: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6458: 6454: 6448: 6444: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6423: 6405: 6398: 6345: 6341: 6326: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6298: 6291:Brownian motion 6239: 6228: 6223: 6222: 6216: 6212: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6182: 6171: 6158: 6153: 6152: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6104:square function 6067:coincides with 6034: 6033: 6027: 6023: 6018: 6009: 6008: 5993: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5962: 5951: 5932: 5914: 5906: 5873: 5865: 5835: 5829: 5825: 5820: 5807: 5794: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5775: 5768: 5762: 5755: 5741: 5733: 5726: 5680: 5676: 5664: 5659:-atoms and the 5653: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5611: 5607: 5602: 5581: 5577: 5571: 5567: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5478:If in addition 5465: 5434: 5428: 5398: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5364: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5330: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5295: 5276: 5212:. The dual of 5125: 5120: 5119: 5083: 5078: 5077: 5059: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5009:If 1 < 4990: 4971: 4948: /  4940: 4933: 4926: 4899: 4881: 4877: 4863: 4851: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4778: 4712: 4705: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4622: 4611: 4609: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4520: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4474: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4414: 4401: 4394: 4389: 4388: 4362: 4353: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4323: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4255: 4244: 4234: 4213:, at any point 4212: 4139: 4120: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4060: 4051: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4020: 3987: 3979: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3946: 3935: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3864: 3562: 3558: 3531: 3527: 3515: 3496: 3492: 3459: 3455: 3428: 3424: 3412: 3394: 3390: 3388: 3373: 3369: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3332: 3259:  is the 3253: 3161: 3157: 3145: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3121: 3110: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3028: 3010: 2991: 2987: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2952: 2934: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2834: 2823: 2813: 2724: 2720: 2703: 2699: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2429: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2337: 2329: 2315: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2209: 2176:in the sense of 2172: 2153: 2074: 2046: 2042: 2021: 2002: 1998: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1946: 1938: 1921: 1910: 1908: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1827: 1765: 1757: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1708: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1636: 1630: 1619: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1552: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1462: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1429: 1428: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1389: 1375: 1370: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1326: 1288: 1279: 1275: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1186: 1170: 1166: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1133: 1128: 1114: 1109: 1086: 1085: 1068: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1003: 977: 976: 973: and  971: 962: 958: 952: 948: 937: 928: 924: 918: 914: 906: 903: 902: 896:Katznelson 1976 861: 860: 858: 855: 854: 809: 805: 804: 800: 783: 779: 778: 774: 763: 762: 757: 754: 753: 745:belongs to the 724: 723: 721: 718: 717: 689: 685: 681: 677: 662: 642: 638: 634: 623: 622: 620: 617: 616: 598:Katznelson 1976 587: 511: 507: 494: 486: 485: 470: 466: 465: 461: 453: 450: 449: 409: 405: 404: 400: 392: 389: 388: 342: 329: 322: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 282: 273: 268: 254: 249: 248: 244: 243: 225: 219: 216: 215: 165:For spaces of 163: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7678: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7596:Choquet theory 7593: 7588: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7448:Banach algebra 7444: 7442: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7373: 7371:Banach–Alaoglu 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7327: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7299:Locally convex 7296: 7282: 7277: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7200: 7199: 7183: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7135: 7130: 7110: 7077: 7064: 7043: 7038: 7020: 7009: 7001: 6996: 6976: 6971: 6954: 6917: 6908:W. A. Benjamin 6899: 6886:"Hardy spaces" 6881: 6837: 6834:Academic Press 6822: 6817: 6800: 6795: 6778: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6719: 6680: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6615: 6614: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6588: 6585: 6578: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6557: 6554: 6549: 6545: 6539: 6535: 6530: 6526: 6521: 6514: 6509: 6505: 6478: 6477: 6466: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6437: 6421: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6371: 6370: 6359: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6296: 6264: 6263: 6252: 6246: 6243: 6237: 6231: 6226: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6206: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6191: 6185: 6180: 6177: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6075:) when 1 < 6051: 6050: 6037: 6030: 6026: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5996: 5992: 5958: 5949: 5930: 5915:is bounded in 5909: 5904: 5868: 5863: 5854: 5853: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5797: 5793: 5770: 5764: 5757: 5751: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5683:Haar functions 5678: 5674: 5662: 5651: 5646: 5645: 5634: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5614: 5610: 5605: 5601: 5589: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5456:, 0 < 5432: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5363: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5294: 5291: 5272: 5190: 5189: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5062: 5058: 4988: 4967: 4928: 4915: 4914: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4777: 4771: 4760: 4759: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4649: 4648: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4539: 4538: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4439: 4438: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4356: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4295: 4254: 4251: 4240: 4230: 4208: 4137: 4118: 4097: 4096: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4018: 4009: 4008: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3958: 3952: 3949: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3863: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3835: 3799:  of an 3722: 3721: 3706: 3687: 3600: 3599: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3331: 3328: 3251: 3221:  is in 3196: 3195: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3119: 3108: 3095: 3094: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3002: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2950: 2933: 2930: 2862: 2861: 2853: 2846: 2839: 2832: 2821: 2811: 2747: 2746: 2735: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2666:One says that 2661: 2660: 2648: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2545:Poisson kernel 2524: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2472: 2453: 2452: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2382: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2340: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2258:One says that 2245:inner function 2237:outer function 2208: 2205: 2170: 2151: 2103: 2102: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2052: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1968: 1967: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1826: 1823: 1787: 1786: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1665: 1662: 1650:associated to 1638:= 0 for every 1634: 1622: 1617: 1600: 1597: 1559: 1556: 1522: 1519: 1497: 1496: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1400: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1324: 1320:Poisson kernel 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1208: 1207: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1136: 1131: 1127: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1093: 1090: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1045:of a function 1031: 1030: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 984: 981: 969: 965: 961: 955: 951: 947: 944: 935: 931: 927: 921: 917: 913: 910: 868: 865: 831: 830: 819: 812: 808: 803: 799: 796: 793: 786: 782: 777: 770: 767: 761: 731: 728: 714: 713: 701: 695: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 671: 668: 665: 661: 657: 653: 648: 645: 641: 637: 630: 627: 586: 583: 543: 542: 531: 527: 523: 520: 517: 514: 510: 504: 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 480: 473: 469: 464: 460: 457: 419: 412: 408: 403: 399: 396: 373: 372: 361: 358: 355: 349: 346: 340: 336: 332: 325: 320: 315: 309: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 279: 276: 271: 267: 260: 257: 253: 247: 240: 237: 234: 231: 228: 224: 162: 159: 144:control theory 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7677: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7630: 7622: 7621: 7618: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7601:Weak topology 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7577: 7570: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7525:Index theorem 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7482:Open problems 7480: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7378: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7320: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7266: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7205: 7201: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7176: 7174: 7169: 7167: 7162: 7161: 7158: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7133: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7114:Rudin, Walter 7111: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7087: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7044: 7041: 7039:9780521517683 7035: 7031: 7030: 7025: 7024:Mashreghi, J. 7021: 7018: 7014: 7007: 7002: 6999: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6974: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6900: 6897: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6855: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6814: 6810: 6807:, Ann Arbor: 6806: 6801: 6798: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6727: 6714: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6691: 6684: 6675: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6649: 6645: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6601: 6598: 6586: 6583: 6568: 6555: 6547: 6543: 6537: 6533: 6524: 6512: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6464: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6404: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6381: âˆˆ  6380: 6376: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6342: 6335: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6250: 6244: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6194: 6178: 6175: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6159: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6128: 6122: 6116: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6056: 6028: 6015: 6005: 5999: 5994: 5990: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5942:-norm by the 5941: 5937: 5934:converges to 5933: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5912: 5907: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5866: 5859: 5840: 5830: 5826: 5814: 5811: 5808: 5800: 5795: 5791: 5783: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5773: 5767: 5760: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5739: 5734: 5724: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5672: 5667: 5666:are scalars. 5665: 5658: 5654: 5629: 5624: 5612: 5608: 5599: 5587: 5582: 5578: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5498: 5494:is called an 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5425: 5406: 5403: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5351: 5344: 5338: 5331: 5320: 5312: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5224:. The space 5223: 5219: 5216:is the space 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5116: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5074: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4924: 4920: 4893: 4882: 4874: 4871: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4844: 4838: 4829: 4820: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4746: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4696: 4687: 4684: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4671:) defined by 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4581: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4544: 4541:Although the 4525: 4514: 4508: 4493: 4490: 4482: 4471: 4462: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4410: 4406: 4395: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4367: 4354: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4316: 4309: 4305: 4296: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4258: 4250: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4115: âˆ—  4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4061: 4052: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4014: 3995: 3992: 3984: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3956: 3947: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3909: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3861: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3837:the function 3836: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3818:the function 3817: 3816: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3689:the function 3688: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3670:the function 3669: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3602:This mapping 3586: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3232:The function 3230: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3205: 3201: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3115: 3111: 3104: 3100: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3036: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3003: 2995: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2975: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2876:< ∞ and 1/ 2875: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2852: 2845: 2838: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2772:The function 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2646: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2522: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2438: 2434: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2319: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2180:distributions 2177: 2173: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2089: 2080: 2077: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2033: 2028: 2022: 2014: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1954: 1951: 1943: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1773: 1770: 1762: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1730: 1726: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1660: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1595: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1554: 1543: 1539: 1517: 1507:exactly when 1506: 1502: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1457: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1431: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1408: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1263: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1194: 1191: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1088: 1073: 1065: 1062: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1000: 997: 991: 979: 967: 959: 953: 949: 945: 942: 933: 925: 919: 915: 911: 908: 901: 900: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 863: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 817: 810: 806: 797: 791: 784: 780: 765: 752: 751: 750: 748: 726: 699: 693: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 663: 655: 651: 646: 643: 639: 635: 625: 615: 614: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 593: 582: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 529: 525: 518: 512: 508: 502: 499: 491: 478: 467: 458: 448: 447: 446: 444: 439: 437: 433: 417: 410: 406: 397: 387:, denoted by 386: 382: 378: 359: 353: 347: 344: 338: 334: 323: 318: 313: 307: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 277: 274: 269: 265: 258: 255: 251: 245: 238: 235: 232: 229: 226: 214: 213: 212: 210: 206: 202: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 178: 172: 168: 158: 156: 152: 150: 145: 141: 136: 134: 130: 125: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 93: 88: 84: 83:distributions 80: 77: 76:real analysis 73: 69: 65: 61: 60:Frigyes Riesz 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 36:Hardy classes 33: 29: 22: 7650:Hardy spaces 7591:Balanced set 7565:Distribution 7509: 7503:Applications 7356:Krein–Milman 7341:Closed graph 7143: 7117: 7090: 7084: 7051: 7047: 7028: 7012: 7005: 6983: 6958: 6934: 6928: 6921:Hardy, G. H. 6903: 6889: 6858: 6852: 6848: 6829: 6804: 6782: 6741: 6735: 6731: 6703: 6697: 6683: 6664: 6658: 6648: 6634: 6622: 6618: 6616: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6479: 6419: 6411: 6407: 6402: 6399: 6394: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6372: 6309: 6305: 6304:= 0 at time 6301: 6294: 6288: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6265: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6089: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6052: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5928: 5927:. Moreover, 5920: 5916: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5892: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5758: 5752: 5747: 5737: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5670: 5668: 5660: 5656: 5649: 5647: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5528:When 0 < 5527: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5477: 5470: 5466: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5422:whose order 5421: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5297:When 0 < 5296: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5259:< 1, the 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5238: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5191: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4922: 4918: 4916: 4796: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4779: 4774: 4761: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4650: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4446: 4442: 4440: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4235:belong when 4231: 4226: 4225:) for every 4222: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4098: 4023: 4016: 4012: 4010: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3866:When 0 < 3865: 3859: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3808: 3807:be equal to 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3791:The case of 3790: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3724:When 1 < 3723: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3601: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3096: 2959: 2955: 2948: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2935: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2863: 2857: 2850: 2849:  and | 2843: 2836: 2829: 2825: 2818: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2771: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2540: 2536: 2460: 2456: 2454: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2257: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2200: 2199:) for every 2196: 2192: 2188: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2104: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1969: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1833:< ∞, the 1830: 1828: 1818: 1813:consists of 1810: 1806: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1615: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1541: 1537: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1322: 1315: 1307: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1242:≀ ∞), so is 1239: 1236:Banach space 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1046: 1038: 1034: 1032: 891: 887: 883: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 832: 746: 715: 609: 605: 601: 591: 588: 570: 562: 558: 554: 546: 544: 442: 440: 435: 431: 384: 380: 376: 374: 208: 204: 200: 198: 193: 189: 181: 176: 175:Hardy space 169:on the open 164: 148: 137: 132: 129:tube domains 126: 121: 117: 116:, while for 113: 108:are certain 105: 101: 91: 79:Hardy spaces 78: 42:are certain 39: 35: 32:Hardy spaces 31: 25: 7520:Heat kernel 7510:Hardy space 7417:Trace class 7331:Hahn–Banach 7293:Topological 7122:McGraw-Hill 6937:: 269–277, 6744:: 137–153, 6667:: 239–255. 6627:MĂŒller 2005 6416:Haar system 6284:Garsia 1973 6266:Martingale- 6085:Garsia 1973 5874:belongs to 5721:Martingale 5464: > 5436:is at most 5267:th power || 4767:isomorphism 3900:subharmonic 3732:belongs to 3660:real valued 2940:defined on 2749:exists for 1879:For 0 < 1817:indexed by 1805:indexed by 1503:belongs to 1314:) function 375:This class 203:for 0 < 120:< 1 the 68:G. H. Hardy 7644:Categories 7453:C*-algebra 7268:Properties 7056:BirkhĂ€user 6951:45.1331.03 6724:References 5876:martingale 5744:martingale 5648:where the 3902:for every 3845:belong to 3697:belong to 3634:also maps 3345:such that 3217:such that 3097:where the 2753:Ξ and its 2751:almost all 2549:Rudin 1987 2249:Rudin 1987 2167:→ 1 of Re( 2117:), but Re( 2109:and is in 1809:; whereas 1210:The space 1041:) are the 1033:where the 886:varies in 557:, and the 441:The space 383:-norm for 72:Hardy 1915 64:Riesz 1923 7427:Unbounded 7422:Transpose 7380:Operators 7309:Separable 7304:Reflexive 7289:Algebraic 7275:Barrelled 7150:EMS Press 7107:121306447 7093:: 87–95, 7081:Riesz, F. 6896:EMS Press 6847:(1972), " 6826:Duren, P. 6525:∑ 6504:∫ 6442:∑ 6353:τ 6350:∧ 6210:− 6184:∞ 6169:∑ 6025:Σ 6006:⁡ 5812:≥ 5796:∗ 5713:for some 5673: = ÎŽ 5633:∞ 5600:∑ 5565:∑ 5373:… 5321:∫ 5271: || 5117:− 5108:− 4966: || 4960:quasinorm 4879:Φ 4875:∗ 4825:Φ 4764:isometric 4717:− 4709:π 4627:− 4607:⋅ 4543:unit disk 4494:∈ 4476:∞ 4467:‖ 4460:‖ 4358:∞ 4350:∞ 4347:− 4343:∫ 4301:‖ 4294:‖ 4268:) on the 4111:) =( 4082:θ 4056:∞ 4038:∑ 3951:∞ 3933:∑ 3581:θ 3572:⁡ 3556:− 3550:θ 3541:⁡ 3520:⩾ 3513:∑ 3501:θ 3484:⟶ 3478:θ 3469:⁡ 3447:θ 3438:⁡ 3417:⩾ 3410:∑ 3378:θ 3287:  " 3177:φ 3174:− 3171:θ 3155:→ 3150:φ 3068:θ 3040:∗ 2996:θ 2729:θ 2705:− 2697:→ 2642:θ 2627:φ 2609:θ 2578:− 2570:→ 2523:φ 2500:φ 2494:⁡ 2471:φ 2435:θ 2415:θ 2399:φ 2381:− 2376:θ 2355:θ 2339:π 2334:π 2331:− 2327:∫ 2320:π 2303:⁡ 2078:θ 2069:⁡ 2051:θ 2026:→ 2007:θ 1926:− 1868:) and Im( 1829:When 1 ≀ 1721:∞ 1706:∑ 1664:~ 1599:~ 1558:~ 1521:~ 1468:ϕ 1453:ϕ 1435:~ 1423:ϕ 1420:− 1417:θ 1399:π 1387:∫ 1380:π 1358:θ 1273:∈ 1267:~ 1238:(for 1 ≀ 1226:). Since 1192:ϕ 1181:ϕ 1172:− 1158:ϕ 1138:π 1126:∫ 1119:π 1092:^ 1066:∈ 1060:∀ 983:^ 946:∈ 912:∈ 867:~ 837:, and by 802:‖ 795:‖ 776:‖ 769:~ 760:‖ 730:~ 694:θ 667:→ 647:θ 629:~ 569:that the 472:∞ 463:‖ 456:‖ 402:‖ 395:‖ 357:∞ 335:θ 308:θ 278:π 266:∫ 259:π 230:⩽ 171:unit disk 153:) and in 146:(such as 52:unit disk 7629:Category 7441:Algebras 7323:Theorems 7280:Complete 7249:Schwartz 7195:glossary 7116:(1987), 7026:(2009), 6982:(1976), 6923:(1915), 6828:(1970), 6774:53996980 6692:(1965). 6484:norm of 5946:; hence 5856:Let 1 ≀ 5548:-atoms, 5513:). The 4984:norm of 4655: : 4570: : 4168:) (for | 3880:function 3797:M f 3728:< ∞, 3269:M f 3257:M f 3219:M f 2824: = 2784:, is in 2266:) is an 2253:Beurling 2125:from Re( 1312:harmonic 579:measures 7432:Unitary 7412:Nuclear 7397:Compact 7392:Bounded 7387:Adjoint 7361:Min–max 7254:Sobolev 7239:Nuclear 7229:Hilbert 7224:FrĂ©chet 7189: ( 7074:2157745 6915:0448538 6877:0447953 6766:0274767 6758:1995838 5923:by the 5540:has an 5501:(here | 5490:| then 5429:+ ... + 4932:  4164:) = (1− 3740:) when 3267:. When 3127:on the 2755:modulus 1306:, with 1234:) is a 882:, when 608:, with 577:, i.e. 151:methods 110:subsets 87:complex 50:on the 7407:Normal 7244:Orlicz 7234:Hölder 7214:Banach 7203:Spaces 7191:topics 7128:  7105:  7072:  7062:  7052:spaces 7036:  7013:Spaces 6994:  6969:  6949:  6875:  6815:  6793:  6772:  6764:  6756:  5776:. The 5709:  5597:  5594:  5591:  5204:, and 5168:  5165:  5162:  4954:. The 4917:is in 4762:is an 4180:  4011:is in 3862:< 1 3303:. For 3279:) and 2842:  2761:is in 2670:is an 2539:is in 2459:with | 2243:is an 2235:is an 2231:where 2155:(e) = 2148:, let 1974:is in 1791:causal 1755:  1752:  1749:  1573:is in 1536:is in 1083:  1080:  1077:  594:spaces 551:subset 549:is a 184:whose 173:, the 94:spaces 74:). In 44:spaces 30:, the 7219:Besov 7103:S2CID 6770:S2CID 6754:JSTOR 6641:Notes 6637:(ÎŽ). 5882:when 5742:be a 5728:Let ( 5701:when 5499:-atom 4245:when 3898:| is 3644:weak- 3642:) to 3244:) = ( 2856:| = | 1970:Then 1631:with 1585:that 7567:(or 7285:Dual 7126:ISBN 7060:ISBN 7034:ISBN 6992:ISBN 6967:ISBN 6813:ISBN 6791:ISBN 6633:for 6377:iff 5957:on ÎŁ 5655:are 5630:< 5196:and 5192:The 5174:> 4856:> 4663:) → 4328:> 4022:= O( 3993:< 3843:H(f) 3730:H(f) 3695:H(f) 3099:star 3021:< 3015:< 2947:Let 2884:+ 1/ 2880:= 1/ 2803:Let 2239:and 1952:< 1771:< 1583:i.e. 1499:and 1478:< 1012:< 500:< 354:< 236:< 34:(or 7095:doi 6947:JFM 6939:doi 6863:doi 6859:129 6746:doi 6742:157 6734:", 6708:doi 6669:doi 6389:). 6286:). 6278:)∈ 6087:). 5938:in 5893:If 5805:sup 5536:of 5509:in 5473:+1) 5440:(1/ 5251:(1/ 5239:If 5236:). 5226:BMO 5218:BMO 4976:of 4938:) = 4849:sup 4487:sup 4321:sup 4279:on 4149:). 4141:of 3894:→ | 3874:in 3788:). 3710:M f 3614:on 3569:cos 3538:sin 3466:sin 3435:cos 3349:+ i 3326:). 3263:of 3229:). 3008:sup 2892:in 2833:α+ÎČ 2690:lim 2563:lim 2491:log 2390:log 2300:exp 2219:in 2187:at 2174:), 2066:cot 2019:lim 1581:), 1250:). 660:lim 553:of 483:sup 223:sup 112:of 96:of 54:or 46:of 26:In 7646:: 7193:– 7148:, 7142:, 7124:, 7120:, 7101:, 7091:18 7089:, 7070:MR 7068:, 7058:, 6990:, 6986:, 6965:, 6961:, 6945:, 6935:14 6933:, 6927:, 6912:MR 6894:, 6888:, 6873:MR 6871:, 6857:, 6843:; 6832:, 6811:, 6789:, 6785:, 6768:, 6762:MR 6760:, 6752:, 6740:, 6704:16 6702:. 6696:. 6665:81 6663:. 6657:. 6425:) 6057:. 5913:≄0 5897:∈ 5895:M* 5890:. 5886:∈ 5884:M* 5872:≄0 5774:≄0 5761:≄0 5740:≄0 5677:−ή 5452:∈ 5274:Hp 5177:0. 4969:Hp 4962:|| 4944:Ί( 4703::= 4574:→ 4203:∈ 4126:∈ 4109:re 3853:). 3826:∈ 3744:∈ 3720:). 3678:∈ 3606:→ 3289:is 3248:∗ 3242:re 3116:∗ 2924:, 2916:, 2872:, 2868:, 2835:= 2828:, 2800:. 2782:Gh 2780:= 2769:. 2229:Gh 2227:= 2161:re 2015::= 1955:1. 1821:. 1774:1. 1328:: 898:) 604:∈ 157:. 38:) 7571:) 7295:) 7291:/ 7287:( 7197:) 7179:e 7172:t 7165:v 7097:: 7050:H 7010:p 7008:H 6941:: 6879:. 6865:: 6849:H 6776:. 6748:: 6732:H 6716:. 6710:: 6677:. 6671:: 6635:H 6623:H 6619:H 6602:. 6599:x 6595:d 6587:2 6584:1 6577:) 6569:2 6564:| 6559:) 6556:x 6553:( 6548:k 6544:h 6538:k 6534:c 6529:| 6520:( 6513:1 6508:0 6490:L 6486:f 6482:H 6465:, 6460:k 6456:h 6450:k 6446:c 6439:= 6436:f 6422:k 6420:h 6418:( 6412:f 6408:n 6403:n 6395:H 6385:( 6383:H 6379:F 6375:H 6358:) 6347:t 6343:B 6339:( 6336:F 6333:= 6328:t 6324:M 6310:F 6306:t 6302:z 6297:t 6295:B 6293:( 6282:( 6280:L 6276:f 6274:( 6272:S 6268:H 6251:. 6245:2 6242:1 6236:) 6230:2 6225:| 6218:n 6214:M 6205:1 6202:+ 6199:n 6195:M 6190:| 6179:0 6176:= 6173:n 6165:+ 6160:2 6155:| 6148:0 6144:M 6139:| 6134:( 6129:= 6126:) 6123:f 6120:( 6117:S 6100:L 6096:p 6092:p 6081:H 6077:p 6073:P 6069:L 6065:H 6055:H 6036:) 6029:n 6020:| 6016:f 6011:( 6003:E 6000:= 5995:n 5991:M 5977:f 5973:P 5969:L 5965:H 5960:n 5955:f 5950:n 5948:M 5940:L 5936:f 5931:n 5929:M 5921:f 5917:L 5911:n 5908:) 5905:n 5903:M 5899:L 5888:L 5880:H 5878:- 5870:n 5867:) 5864:n 5862:M 5858:p 5841:. 5837:| 5831:n 5827:M 5822:| 5815:0 5809:n 5801:= 5792:M 5772:n 5769:) 5766:n 5759:n 5756:) 5753:n 5748:P 5738:n 5735:) 5732:n 5730:M 5723:H 5715:a 5711:x 5707:a 5703:p 5699:H 5695:p 5691:p 5687:H 5679:0 5675:1 5671:f 5663:j 5661:c 5657:H 5652:j 5650:a 5625:p 5620:| 5613:j 5609:c 5604:| 5588:, 5583:j 5579:a 5573:j 5569:c 5562:= 5559:f 5546:H 5538:H 5534:f 5530:p 5523:p 5519:H 5515:H 5511:R 5507:B 5503:B 5497:H 5492:f 5488:B 5484:B 5480:f 5471:n 5467:n 5462:p 5458:p 5454:H 5450:f 5446:f 5442:p 5438:n 5433:n 5431:i 5427:1 5424:i 5407:, 5404:x 5400:d 5391:n 5387:i 5381:n 5377:x 5366:1 5362:i 5356:1 5352:x 5348:) 5345:x 5342:( 5339:f 5332:n 5327:R 5307:H 5303:f 5299:p 5287:H 5283:H 5279:p 5269:f 5265:p 5261:H 5257:p 5253:p 5249:n 5245:H 5241:p 5234:L 5230:H 5214:H 5210:L 5206:H 5202:H 5198:H 5194:L 5171:k 5159:, 5156:) 5153:k 5150:+ 5147:x 5144:( 5139:] 5136:1 5133:, 5130:0 5127:[ 5122:1 5114:) 5111:k 5105:x 5102:( 5097:] 5094:1 5091:, 5088:0 5085:[ 5080:1 5075:= 5072:) 5069:x 5066:( 5061:k 5057:f 5043:H 5039:L 5035:H 5031:L 5027:H 5023:p 5019:L 5015:H 5011:p 5004:p 5000:p 4996:H 4992:f 4989:Ί 4986:M 4982:L 4978:H 4974:f 4964:f 4958:- 4956:H 4952:) 4950:t 4946:x 4942:t 4936:x 4934:( 4930:t 4927:Ί 4923:R 4921:( 4919:L 4901:| 4897:) 4894:x 4891:( 4888:) 4883:t 4872:f 4869:( 4865:| 4859:0 4853:t 4845:= 4842:) 4839:x 4836:( 4833:) 4830:f 4821:M 4817:( 4797:f 4790:p 4786:H 4782:R 4775:R 4747:. 4744:) 4741:) 4738:z 4735:( 4732:m 4729:( 4726:f 4720:z 4714:1 4700:) 4697:z 4694:( 4691:) 4688:f 4685:M 4682:( 4669:D 4667:( 4665:H 4661:H 4659:( 4657:H 4653:M 4636:. 4630:z 4624:1 4619:z 4616:+ 4613:1 4604:i 4601:= 4598:) 4595:z 4592:( 4589:m 4576:H 4572:D 4568:m 4563:H 4550:H 4546:D 4526:. 4522:| 4518:) 4515:z 4512:( 4509:f 4505:| 4498:H 4491:z 4483:= 4472:H 4463:f 4447:H 4445:( 4443:H 4426:. 4420:p 4417:1 4411:) 4407:x 4403:d 4396:p 4391:| 4386:) 4383:y 4380:i 4377:+ 4374:x 4371:( 4368:f 4364:| 4355:+ 4338:( 4331:0 4325:y 4317:= 4310:p 4306:H 4297:f 4281:H 4277:f 4273:H 4266:H 4264:( 4262:H 4247:p 4242:x 4237:p 4232:x 4227:p 4223:T 4221:( 4219:H 4215:x 4210:x 4205:H 4201:F 4197:T 4195:( 4193:H 4186:N 4182:p 4178:N 4174:H 4170:z 4166:z 4162:z 4160:( 4158:F 4154:p 4147:f 4143:F 4138:n 4136:c 4132:f 4128:H 4124:F 4119:r 4117:P 4113:f 4107:( 4105:F 4101:f 4079:n 4076:i 4072:e 4066:n 4062:c 4053:+ 4048:0 4045:= 4042:n 4024:n 4019:n 4017:c 4013:H 3996:1 3989:| 3985:z 3981:| 3976:, 3971:n 3967:z 3961:n 3957:c 3948:+ 3943:0 3940:= 3937:n 3929:= 3926:) 3923:z 3920:( 3917:F 3904:q 3896:z 3892:z 3884:L 3876:H 3872:F 3868:p 3860:p 3851:T 3849:( 3847:L 3839:f 3834:) 3832:T 3830:( 3828:H 3824:g 3820:f 3813:f 3809:L 3805:H 3801:L 3793:p 3786:T 3784:( 3782:L 3778:T 3776:( 3774:H 3770:p 3766:T 3764:( 3762:L 3758:T 3756:( 3754:H 3750:T 3748:( 3746:L 3742:f 3738:T 3736:( 3734:L 3726:p 3718:T 3716:( 3714:L 3705:) 3703:T 3701:( 3699:L 3691:f 3686:) 3684:T 3682:( 3680:H 3676:g 3672:f 3664:f 3656:p 3652:) 3650:T 3648:( 3646:L 3640:T 3638:( 3636:L 3632:H 3624:p 3620:T 3618:( 3616:L 3612:H 3608:v 3604:u 3587:. 3584:) 3578:k 3575:( 3564:k 3560:b 3553:) 3547:k 3544:( 3533:k 3529:a 3523:1 3517:k 3509:= 3506:) 3498:i 3494:e 3490:( 3487:v 3481:) 3475:k 3472:( 3461:k 3457:b 3453:+ 3450:) 3444:k 3441:( 3430:k 3426:a 3420:1 3414:k 3406:+ 3401:2 3396:0 3392:a 3386:= 3383:) 3375:i 3371:e 3367:( 3364:u 3351:v 3347:u 3343:v 3336:u 3324:T 3322:( 3320:L 3316:T 3314:( 3312:H 3305:p 3301:F 3297:T 3295:( 3293:L 3285:f 3281:p 3277:T 3275:( 3273:L 3265:F 3252:r 3250:P 3246:f 3240:( 3238:F 3234:F 3227:T 3225:( 3223:L 3215:f 3211:T 3209:( 3207:H 3200:p 3183:. 3180:) 3168:( 3163:r 3159:P 3147:i 3143:e 3129:C 3125:f 3120:r 3118:P 3114:f 3109:r 3107:P 3103:f 3082:, 3078:| 3073:) 3065:i 3061:e 3057:( 3053:) 3048:r 3044:P 3037:f 3034:( 3030:| 3024:1 3018:r 3012:0 3004:= 3001:) 2993:i 2989:e 2985:( 2982:) 2979:f 2976:M 2973:( 2960:f 2956:T 2951:r 2949:P 2942:R 2926:q 2922:H 2918:p 2914:H 2910:H 2906:H 2902:H 2898:H 2894:H 2890:f 2886:q 2882:p 2878:r 2874:r 2870:q 2866:p 2858:G 2854:α 2851:G 2847:ÎČ 2844:G 2840:α 2837:G 2830:G 2826:G 2822:1 2819:G 2812:α 2809:G 2805:G 2798:G 2794:T 2792:( 2790:L 2786:H 2778:f 2774:f 2763:H 2759:h 2734:) 2726:i 2722:e 2718:r 2715:( 2712:h 2701:1 2694:r 2676:h 2668:h 2647:) 2639:i 2635:e 2631:( 2624:= 2620:| 2615:) 2606:i 2602:e 2598:r 2594:( 2590:G 2586:| 2574:1 2567:r 2547:( 2541:H 2537:G 2503:) 2497:( 2461:c 2457:c 2439:) 2431:d 2425:) 2420:) 2412:i 2408:e 2404:( 2395:( 2384:z 2373:i 2369:e 2363:z 2360:+ 2352:i 2348:e 2317:2 2313:1 2307:( 2296:c 2293:= 2290:) 2287:z 2284:( 2281:G 2264:z 2262:( 2260:G 2241:h 2233:G 2225:f 2221:H 2217:f 2213:p 2201:p 2197:T 2195:( 2193:H 2189:z 2171:r 2169:f 2165:r 2159:( 2157:F 2152:r 2150:f 2146:F 2139:T 2137:( 2135:H 2131:p 2127:f 2123:F 2119:f 2115:T 2113:( 2111:H 2107:Ξ 2090:. 2087:) 2081:2 2072:( 2062:i 2059:= 2056:) 2048:i 2044:e 2040:r 2037:( 2034:F 2029:1 2023:r 2012:) 2004:i 2000:e 1996:( 1993:f 1980:p 1976:H 1972:F 1948:| 1944:z 1940:| 1935:, 1929:z 1923:1 1918:z 1915:+ 1912:1 1906:= 1903:) 1900:z 1897:( 1894:F 1881:p 1874:p 1870:f 1866:f 1862:f 1858:T 1856:( 1854:H 1850:T 1848:( 1846:H 1842:f 1838:H 1831:p 1819:Z 1811:L 1807:N 1799:L 1795:H 1767:| 1763:z 1759:| 1746:, 1741:n 1737:z 1731:n 1727:a 1716:0 1713:= 1710:n 1702:= 1699:) 1696:z 1693:( 1690:f 1661:f 1648:H 1644:f 1640:n 1635:n 1633:a 1628:Z 1626:∈ 1624:n 1621:) 1618:n 1616:a 1596:f 1579:T 1577:( 1575:H 1555:f 1542:T 1540:( 1538:H 1518:f 1505:H 1501:f 1484:, 1481:1 1475:r 1471:, 1464:d 1458:) 1450:i 1446:e 1442:( 1432:f 1426:) 1414:( 1409:r 1405:P 1396:2 1391:0 1377:2 1373:1 1368:= 1364:) 1355:i 1351:e 1347:r 1343:( 1339:f 1325:r 1323:P 1316:f 1308:p 1294:) 1290:T 1286:( 1281:p 1277:L 1264:f 1248:T 1246:( 1244:H 1240:p 1232:T 1230:( 1228:L 1224:T 1222:( 1220:L 1216:T 1214:( 1212:H 1195:. 1188:d 1178:n 1175:i 1168:e 1163:) 1155:i 1151:e 1147:( 1143:g 1135:2 1130:0 1116:2 1112:1 1107:= 1104:) 1101:n 1098:( 1089:g 1074:, 1070:Z 1063:n 1047:g 1039:n 1037:( 1035:ĝ 1018:, 1015:0 1009:n 1001:0 998:= 995:) 992:n 989:( 980:g 968:) 964:T 960:( 954:p 950:L 943:g 934:) 930:T 926:( 920:p 916:H 909:g 892:p 888:H 884:f 864:f 851:T 849:( 847:L 843:T 841:( 839:H 835:T 818:. 811:p 807:H 798:f 792:= 785:p 781:L 766:f 747:L 727:f 700:) 691:i 687:e 683:r 679:( 675:f 670:1 664:r 656:= 652:) 644:i 640:e 636:( 626:f 610:p 606:H 602:f 592:L 571:L 563:p 559:H 555:H 547:H 530:. 526:| 522:) 519:z 516:( 513:f 509:| 503:1 496:| 492:z 488:| 479:= 468:H 459:f 443:H 436:p 432:p 418:. 411:p 407:H 398:f 385:f 381:p 377:H 360:. 348:p 345:1 339:) 331:d 324:p 319:| 314:) 305:i 301:e 297:r 293:( 289:f 285:| 275:2 270:0 256:2 252:1 246:( 239:1 233:r 227:0 209:f 205:p 201:H 194:r 190:r 182:f 177:H 149:H 133:R 122:L 118:p 114:L 106:H 102:p 92:L 62:( 40:H 23:.

Index

Hardy class destroyer
complex analysis
spaces
holomorphic functions
unit disk
upper half plane
Frigyes Riesz
Riesz 1923
G. H. Hardy
Hardy 1915
real analysis
distributions
complex
L spaces
functional analysis
subsets
tube domains
mathematical analysis
control theory
H methods
scattering theory
holomorphic functions
unit disk
Hardy space H
mean square value
subset
Hölder's inequality
probability measures
measures
L spaces

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