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187:, also known as "rubico", which is actually crushed metabasalt. Although slightly less expensive to construct than other types of tennis courts, the maintenance costs of clay are high as the surface must be watered and rolled regularly to preserve texture and flatness, and brushed carefully before each game.
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Clay courts are unique in that the ball bounce leaves an impression in the ground, which can help determine whether a shot was in or out. Furthermore, clay courts are still playable in light rain because the courts are meant to be slightly wet when played on and the surface absorbs water better than
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Almost all red clay courts are made not of natural clay but of crushed brick that is packed to make the court, with the top most layers consisting of finely crushed loose particles. Such courts are most common in Europe and Latin
America. The exact color of the surface varies with the composition of
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Due in part to advances in racquet technology, current clay-court specialists are known for employing long, winding groundstrokes that generate heavy topspin; such strokes are less effective on faster surfaces on which the balls do not bounce as high. Clay-court specialists tend to slide more
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are played on clay that has a maroon color. Not only is this a darker color than other clay courts used in the professional game, but it is also a type of Har-Tru court, meaning it is actually composed of the same substance (basalt) as green clay courts, and not a type of red clay.
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Chris Evert holds the record for longest winning streak on clay for either gender in the open era: from August 1973 to May 1979, she won 125 consecutive clay court matches. During this time, Evert skipped three editions of the French Open (1976–78), to participate in
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has four tournaments in this swing, although other ATP tournaments played on hardcourt occur the same weeks. The WTA discontinued its participation in Rio de
Janeiro after 2016, so there are no clay court women's tournaments during this period.
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rather than brick, making the surface slightly harder and faster than red clay. These courts are located primarily in the mid-Atlantic and southern United States. They are also found in
Central and Eastern Canada. There is one
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The second is the long spring clay season that starts in the
Americas and Morocco before moving to mainland Europe and finishing with the French Open. It is usually played over two months between April and June, after the
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is played on yellow clay courts due to the kind of crushed brick used in its composition. While composed in the same way as red clay, it is a noticeably bright yellow and visually distinct from other red clay type courts.
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The professional clay court season comprises many more tournaments than the brief grass court season, but is still shorter than the hard court seasons. There are three distinct clay court seasons during the year.
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Clay courts are considered "slow" because the balls bounce relatively high and lose much of their initial speed when contacting the surface, making it more difficult for a player to deliver an unreturnable shot.
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won major titles only on clay, but won lower tournaments, including
Masters Series events, on other surfaces. Among female players, there have been few whose best results were confined exclusively to clay.
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Natural clay courts are rare because this type of surface does not absorb water easily and takes two to three days to dry. A good example of natural red clay can be seen at the Frick Park Clay Courts in
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The third is the brief summer clay season that takes place after
Wimbledon. It is entirely in Europe, and usually takes place in July. Near the end of the swing, it overlaps with the beginning of the
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168:, with a thin layer of fine clay particles on top. Clay courts are more common in Continental Europe and Latin America than in North America, Asia-Pacific or Britain. The only
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Movement on the loose surface is very different from movement on any other surface, often involving sliding toward the incoming ball while preparing for the return stroke.
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is also considered a successful clay court player; although he also only won the French Open once, 40 out of his 44 career singles titles were won on clay.
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hard courts and grass courts. This is opposed to hard courts and grass courts where play is usually suspended almost immediately during even light rain.
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won 49 of his 62 singles titles on clay. He only won a single French Open title, although he also won the US Open in 1977 while it was held on clay.
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began in 1968: 81 clay court wins between April 2005 and May 2007. He also holds the record for most clay court titles in the Open Era, with 63.
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Increasingly, clay courters have attempted to play better on other surfaces, with some success. Ferrero reached the final of the US Open in
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328:. Clay-court players generally play in a semicircle about 1.5 to 3 metres (5 to 10 feet) behind the baseline. Clay courts favor the "full
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finding success at the French Open. Players who excel on clay courts but struggle to replicate the same form on fast courts are known as
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won at three (1990–1992 for Seles, 2005–2007 for Henin and 2022–2024 for
Swiatek). In the pre-open era this feat was first achieved by
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630:. Unlike the other two clay seasons, this swing does not share the majority of its time with simultaneous hard court tournaments.
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Sports surface providers such as
British firm En-Tout-Cas offer red clay surfaces with a coarser top layer to improve drainage.
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are the only female players to have won major titles at only the French Open since the beginning of the open era.
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the bricks used, and can appear from a light yellow to a deep red, with a medium orange being most common.
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A clay-court specialist is a tennis player who excels on clay courts, more than on any other surface.
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2016:
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The first is the men's South
American clay season. Played primarily in February between the
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1655:"US Open: Rafael Nadal beats Novak Djokovic in four-set final to win his second Open title"
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is played. Clay courts are built on a foundation of crushed stone, brick, shale, and other
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is particularly notable for his achievements on clay courts. Starting in May 1910 at the
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effectively on clay than other players. Many of them are also very adept at hitting the
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were French Open champions who won all or nearly all of their career titles on clay.
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1500:"A look inside the insane statistics that characterized Iga Swiatek's 2022 season"
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who are consistent and have a strong defensive game, leading to players such as
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2006:
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1070:
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510:
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459:. In 2022 and 2024, Świątek won three titles and lost only one match on clay.
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1381:"May 9, 1915 - Tennis ace Anthony Wilding loses his life in the World War I"
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The definition of "clay-court specialist" has varied. Anthony
Wilding,
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Rafael Nadal, winner of a record 14 French Open men's singles titles
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1438:"Thomas Muster: 'There is only one king of Clay, and that is...'"
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336:. Clay court players use topspins to throw off their opponents.
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The most successful currently active female player on clay is
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he registered 120 consecutive clay court match victories.
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hold the open era record for the number of consecutive
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tournament played on green Har-Tru clay courts, the
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1531:"Nadal the lead warrior in Spanish surge on grass"
1350:"Playing Tennis In The Rain – The Ultimate Guide"
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389:by any male player on a single surface since the
228:"Green clay" redirects here. For the person, see
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1562:"Clay-court specialists not so special anymore"
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250:Green clay, also known by brand names such as
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905:Bavarian International Tennis Championships
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1688:"Magical Muguruza into first major final"
385:. Nadal holds the record for the longest
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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581:—led to a broadening of his reputation.
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172:tournament that uses clay courts is the
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601:Professional tournaments played on clay
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300:are usually longer as there are fewer
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1411:"Rafa Romps To 11th Barcelona Title"
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1224:"Clay Courts: What Are They Anyway?"
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179:Clay courts come in the more common
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
2435:Association of Tennis Professionals
2305:International Premier Tennis League
1510:from the original on 29 August 2023
1391:from the original on 17 August 2022
1336:"It's US Open Time!! Did You Know?"
1254:"Frick Park Clay Court Tennis Club"
1114:Internazionali Femminili di Palermo
799:U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships
279:was played on Har-Tru clay courts.
24:
1634:from the original on 27 March 2012
1417:from the original on 30 April 2018
1360:from the original on 28 March 2023
1316:from the original on 25 April 2017
1260:from the original on 8 August 2014
25:
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1286:from the original on 15 July 2022
284:US Men's Clay Court Championships
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1604:from the original on 31 May 2011
1436:Gatto, Luigi (4 December 2016).
1170:
1095:German Open Tennis Championships
31:
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2445:International Tennis Federation
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1646:
1616:
1594:"Ferrero shatters Agassi hopes"
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1553:
1529:Ford, Bonnie D (27 June 2008).
1522:
1498:Oddo, Chris (8 November 2022).
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1282:. En-Tout-Cas Sports Surfaces.
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866:
856:
822:
813:Charleston, South Carolina
807:
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474:is known as "The King of Clay".
359:and ending in June 1914 at the
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42:needs additional citations for
1686:Trollope, Matt (9 July 2015).
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361:World Hard Court Championships
13:
1:
2511:Clay court tennis tournaments
1624:"Ferrero claims Madrid title"
1467:Tignor, Steve (25 May 2017).
1387:. Coppini Trading (Pty) LTD.
1206:
1035:
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443:, who won the French Open in
223:
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1379:Ilic, Jovica (10 May 2017).
1306:"Har-Tru Classic Green Clay"
997:Internationaux de Strasbourg
424:(1928–1930) and followed by
357:Championship of South Africa
275:. From 1975 until 1977, the
7:
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569:, the same year he won the
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933:J&T Banka Prague Open
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426:Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling
575:Double Career Grand Slam
2300:Champions Tennis League
1141:Austrian Open Kitzbühel
939:, Czech Republic)
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156:is one of the types of
139:Court Philippe Chatrier
868:Women's Stuttgart Open
815:, United States)
805:, United States)
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326:clay-court specialists
247:
244:2008 Family Circle Cup
160:on which the sport of
149:
2506:Tennis court surfaces
1874:electronic line judge
828:Roquebrune-Cap-Martin
659:ATP Tour Masters 1000
470:
463:Clay-court specialist
404:On the women's side,
258:, is made of crushed
238:
137:
2259:Billie Jean King Cup
1228:Global Tennis Design
1222:Lavallee, Andrew R.
1132:, Switzerland)
849:, Switzerland)
790:Grand Prix Hassan II
615:Indian Wells Masters
351:In the pre-open era
304:. Clay courts favor
246:played on green clay
145:in Paris during the
129:Type of tennis court
51:improve this article
2223:ITF Women's Circuit
2165:ATP Challenger Tour
1630:. 19 October 2002.
1356:. 19 October 2020.
824:Monte-Carlo Masters
556:Francesca Schiavone
531:Juan Carlos Ferrero
143:Stade Roland Garros
1413:. ATP World Tour.
1354:Tenniscreative.com
1030:Summer clay season
843:Ladies Open Lugano
768:Spring clay season
731:, Argentina)
714:Córdoba, Argentina
593:final and won the
579:Career Golden Slam
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418:French Open titles
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540:Anastasia Myskina
521:, Thomas Muster,
434:World Team Tennis
422:Helen Wills Moody
217:Copa Sevilla Open
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16:(Redirected from
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1600:. 27 June 2008.
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1234:on 24 April 2016
1230:. Archived from
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1174:
1147:, Austria)
1067:, Croatia)
1034:
1033:
874:, Germany)
840:, Colombia)
772:
771:
725:ATP Buenos Aires
695:
694:
640:
639:
587:Garbiñe Muguruza
583:2016 French Open
560:Jeļena Ostapenko
147:2006 French Open
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1312:. Har-Tru LLC.
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1086:, Switzerland)
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1059:
1032:
1018:, France)
993:, France)
985:
931:
912:
911:, Germany)
896:, Turkey)
886:, Serbia)
841:
834:Copa Colsanitas
830:, France)
809:Charleston Open
797:
796:, Morocco)
770:
746:, Brazil)
693:
687:
611:Australian Open
603:
536:Virginia Ruzici
523:Gustavo Kuerten
507:Adriano Panatta
465:
395:Guillermo Vilas
353:Anthony Wilding
349:
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269:Charleston Open
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1111:, Latvia)
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1071:Bucharest Open
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858:Barcelona Open
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591:2015 Wimbledon
511:Manuel Orantes
491:Sergi Bruguera
464:
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387:winning streak
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519:Michael Chang
516:
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503:Andrés Gimeno
500:
499:Gastón Gaudio
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428:(1935–1937).
427:
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410:Justine Henin
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68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2410:Pan American
2364:Commonwealth
2290:Wightman Cup
2186:WTA rankings
2133:ATP rankings
2117:Professional
2017:double fault
2002:Passing shot
1987:Groundstroke
1928:
1899:Match fixing
1700:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1658:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1565:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1534:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1503:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1472:
1462:
1452:11 September
1450:. Retrieved
1441:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1384:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1353:
1344:
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1309:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
1227:
1196:Carpet court
1061:Croatia Open
1052:Swedish Open
963:Italian Open
924:Morocco Open
920:, Portugal)
914:Estoril Open
890:İstanbul Cup
729:Buenos Aires
710:Córdoba Open
691:Golden Swing
675:ATP Tour 250
667:ATP Tour 500
654:tournaments
632:
624:
608:
604:
589:reached the
564:
552:Ana Ivanovic
515:Yannick Noah
495:Albert Costa
488:
480:
477:
472:Rafael Nadal
438:
430:
406:Monica Seles
403:
365:
350:
341:
338:
330:western grip
310:Rafael Nadal
294:
281:
255:
251:
249:
214:
211:
203:
199:
178:
158:tennis court
153:
151:
131:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
66:"Clay court"
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2485:WikiCommons
2383:Continental
2359:Universiade
2349:Paralympics
2328:Multi-sport
2240:tournaments
2237:Team tennis
2068:French Open
2048:Grand Slams
1992:Half volley
1765:Match types
1514:9 September
1483:9 September
1395:6 September
1191:Grass court
1105:Baltic Open
1101:, Germany)
1012:French Open
978:Geneva Open
948:Madrid Open
880:Serbia Open
571:French Open
527:Carlos Moyá
441:Iga Świątek
414:Iga Swiatek
332:" for more
318:Chris Evert
242:during the
174:French Open
107:August 2023
2500:Categories
2274:Hopman Cup
2264:United Cup
2087:Statistics
1869:Technology
1843:Equipment
1780:Statistics
1702:19 January
1578:29 January
1473:Tennis.com
1264:18 January
1207:References
1201:Wood court
1157:, Poland)
1126:Swiss Open
1080:Swiss Open
1077:, Romania)
1003:, France)
1001:Strasbourg
930:, Morocco)
755:Chile Open
689:See also:
652:Grand Slam
628:Miami Open
548:Sue Barker
544:Iva Majoli
314:Björn Borg
306:baseliners
260:metabasalt
230:Green Clay
224:Green clay
207:Pittsburgh
185:green clay
170:Grand Slam
154:clay court
77:newspapers
2269:Laver Cup
2254:Davis Cup
2094:Champions
2073:Wimbledon
1972:Drop shot
1628:BBC Sport
1598:BBC Sport
1567:USA Today
1186:Hardcourt
1145:Kitzbühel
1120:, Italy)
1075:Bucharest
1058:, Sweden)
987:Lyon Open
872:Stuttgart
862:Barcelona
794:Marrakesh
662:WTA 1000
484:drop shot
166:aggregate
2344:Olympics
2191:WTA Tour
2138:ATP Tour
1982:Forehand
1967:Backspin
1962:Backhand
1904:Grunting
1879:Hawk-Eye
1864:Official
1827:Strategy
1790:Stadiums
1775:Rankings
1760:Glossary
1696:Archived
1665:Archived
1660:ABC News
1632:Archived
1602:Archived
1572:Archived
1539:Archived
1508:Archived
1477:Archived
1446:Archived
1421:29 April
1415:Archived
1389:Archived
1364:28 March
1358:Archived
1320:25 April
1314:Archived
1284:Archived
1258:Archived
1238:14 April
1164:See also
1084:Lausanne
894:Istanbul
884:Belgrade
759:Santiago
740:Rio Open
678:WTA 250
670:WTA 500
613:and the
391:Open Era
196:Red clay
191:Variants
181:red clay
2475:Outline
2405:Pacific
2390:African
2315:ATP Cup
2283:Defunct
2104:Records
2078:US Open
2029:Topspin
1857:strings
1808:General
1785:Umpires
1770:Players
1755:History
1638:10 July
1608:10 July
1545:10 July
1310:Har-Tru
1290:19 July
1137:Week 3
1118:Palermo
1109:Jūrmala
1099:Hamburg
1091:Week 2
1048:Week 1
1023:Week 9
1008:Week 8
974:Week 7
959:Week 6
944:Week 5
918:Cascais
901:Week 4
854:Week 3
820:Week 2
803:Houston
786:Week 1
751:Week 4
736:Week 3
721:Week 2
706:Week 1
597:title.
585:winner
347:Players
334:topspin
302:winners
277:US Open
252:Har-Tru
91:scholar
18:Har-Tru
2369:Island
2330:events
2247:Active
2211:Finals
2158:Finals
2056:Events
2034:Volley
1939:Carpet
1916:Courts
1894:Doping
1852:racket
1800:Basics
1744:Tennis
1671:29 May
1280:"Home"
1155:Warsaw
1130:Gstaad
1056:Båstad
982:Geneva
952:Madrid
937:Prague
909:Munich
847:Lugano
838:Bogotá
617:, the
577:and a
455:, and
320:, and
298:Points
256:Rubico
162:tennis
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2395:Asian
2179:Women
2119:tours
2024:Smash
2007:Serve
1954:Shots
1934:Grass
1832:grips
1820:point
1037:Week
1016:Paris
928:Rabat
775:Week
698:Week
98:JSTOR
84:books
2516:Clay
2196:1000
2143:1000
1977:Flat
1944:Wood
1929:Clay
1924:Hard
1847:ball
1704:2017
1673:2019
1640:2008
1610:2008
1580:2016
1547:2008
1535:ESPN
1516:2023
1485:2023
1454:2023
1423:2018
1397:2022
1366:2023
1322:2017
1292:2022
1266:2011
1240:2016
1065:Umag
1043:WTA
1040:ATP
991:Lyon
967:Rome
781:WTA
778:ATP
701:ATP
646:WTA
643:ATP
567:2003
558:and
529:and
497:and
457:2024
453:2023
449:2022
445:2020
412:and
383:2024
381:and
379:2021
375:2015
371:2009
291:Play
282:The
254:and
215:The
70:news
2206:250
2201:500
2153:250
2148:500
2126:Men
2012:ace
1997:Lob
619:ATP
271:in
265:WTA
141:at
53:by
2502::
1694:.
1690:.
1663:.
1657:.
1626:.
1596:.
1570:.
1564:.
1537:.
1533:.
1506:.
1502:.
1475:.
1471:.
1444:.
1440:.
1383:.
1352:.
1308:.
1256:.
1226:.
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716:)
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