898:
susceptible to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy because they have reduced oxidative phosphorylation capacity, which results in part from lower mtDNA levels. J mtDNA has also been associated with HIV infected individuals displaying accelerated progression to AIDS and death. The T150C mutation, which is exclusive to but not definitive of, the J2 subclade of
Haplogroup J may be part of a likely nuclearly controlled general machinery regarding the remodeling & replication of mtDNA. Controlling a remodeling which could accelerate mtDNA replication thus compensating for oxidative damage in mtDNA as well as functional deterioration occurring with old age related to it. Haplogroup J was found to be a protective factor against
387:
636:
902:. It was also found that Haplogroup J was a protective factor among osteoarthritis patients from Spain but not from UK, and this was hypothesized to be due to a different genetic composition (polymorphisms) of the Haplogroup J in both populations. A study involving patients of European and West Asian origin or descent showed that individuals classified as haplogroup J or K demonstrated a significant decrease in risk of
130:. Further mutations occurred in the J line, which can be identified as the subclades J1a1, J1c1 (27,000 yrs ago), J2a (19,000 yrs ago), J2b2 (16,000 years ago), and J2b3 (5,800 yrs ago). Haplogroup J bearers along with persons carrying the T mtDNA clade settled in Europe from the Near East during the late
401:
The average frequency of haplogroup J as a whole is today highest in the Near East (12%), followed by Europe (11%), the
Caucasus (8%) and Northeast Africa (6%). Of the two main sub-groups, J1 takes up four-fifths of the total and is spread widely on the continent while J2 is more localised around the
2201:
van der Walt, Joelle M.; Nicodemus, Kristin K.; Martin, Eden R.; Scott, William K.; Nance, Martha A.; Watts, Ray L.; Hubble, Jean P.; Haines, Jonathan L.; Koller, William C.; Lyons, Kelly; Pahwa, Rajesh; Stern, Matthew B.; Colcher, Amy; Hiner, Bradley C.; Jankovic, Joseph; Ondo, William G.; Allen
2335:
King, Turi E.; Fortes, Gloria
Gonzalez; Balaresque, Patricia; Thomas, Mark G.; Balding, David; Delser, Pierpaolo Maisano; Neumann, Rita; Parson, Walther; Knapp, Michael; Walsh, Susan; Tonasso, Laure; Holt, John; Kayser, Manfred; Appleby, Jo; Forster, Peter; Ekserdjian, David; Hofreiter, Michael;
897:
which define mt-haplogroup J consequently produces higher body heat in the phenotype of mtDNA J individuals. This has been linked to selective pressure for the presence of the haplogroup in northern Europe, particularly Norway. Individuals from haplogroups UK, J1c and J2 were found to be more
1460:
LluĂs
Quintana-Murci, Raphaëlle Chaix, R. Spencer Wells, Doron M. Behar, Hamid Sayar, Rosaria Scozzari, Chiara Rengo, Nadia Al-Zahery, Ornella Semino, A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti, Alfredo Coppa, Qasim Ayub, Aisha Mohyuddin, Chris Tyler-Smith, S. Qasim Mehdi, Antonio Torroni, and Ken
2540:
but male centenarians emerged in northern Italy as a particular sample: 1) mtDNA haplogroup frequency distribution was different between centenarians and younger individuals ...; and 2) the frequency of the J haplogroup was notably higher in centenarians than in younger
583:, which have been radiocarbon-dated to between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. All of the clade-bearing individuals were inhumed at the Tenerife site, with one specimen found to belong to the J1c3 subclade (1/7; ~14%). The J clade has also been found among
1392:
614:
Evenks (2/46 = 4.3%). Haplogroup J2 also has been observed in a sample of Evenks collected in
Olenyoksky District, Zhigansky District, and Ust-Maysky District of Yakutia (7/125 = 5.6%). One instance of haplogroup J1c10a1 has been observed in the
417:" of some kind). In Pakistan, where West Eurasian lineages occur at frequencies of up to 50% in some ethno-linguistic groups, the incidence of J1 averages around 5%, while J2 is very rare. However, J2 is found amongst 9% of the
2202:
Jr., Fred H.; Goetz, Christopher G.; Small, Gary W.; Mastaglia, Frank; Stajich, Jeffrey M.; McLaurin, Adam C.; Middleton, Lefkos T.; Scott, Burton L.; Schmechel, Donald E.; Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.; Vance, Jeffery M. (2003).
1619:
A. Stevanovitch; A. Gilles; E. Bouzaid; R. Kefi; F. Paris; R. P. Gayraud; J. L. Spadoni; F. El-Chenawi; E. BĂ©raud-Colomb (January 2004). "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence
Diversity in a Sedentary Population from Egypt".
1423:
507:= Ireland â 12%, England-Wales â 11%, Scotland â 9%, Orkney â 8%, Germany â 7%, Russia (European) â 7%, Iceland â 7%, Austria-Switzerland â 5%, Finland-Estonia â 5%, Spain-Portugal â 4%, France-Italy â 3%
2038:
FernĂĄndez-Caggiano, Maria; Javier
Barallobre-Barreiro; Ignacio Rego-PĂ©rez; MarĂa G. Crespo-Leiro; MarĂa Jesus Paniagua; Zulaika GrillĂ©; Francisco J. Blanco; Nieves DomĂ©nech (2012).
1594:
1590:
2547:
Niemi AK, Hervonen A, Hurme M, Karhunen PJ, JylhÀ M, Majamaa K (January 2003). "Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms associated with longevity in a
Finnish population".
1883:(2013), "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers."
1915:
GĂłmez-DurĂĄn, Aurora; Pacheu-Grau, David; MartĂnez-Romero, Ăñigo; LĂłpez-Gallardo, Ester; LĂłpez-PĂ©rez, Manuel J.; Montoya, Julio; Ruiz-Pesini, Eduardo (2012).
595:
prehistoric site. Around 22% of the observed haplotypes belonged to various J subclades, including undifferentiated J (1/9; 11%) and J1c3f (1/9; 11%).
1360:
278:
Typographical error, was 161,600 years from original source material as per time table describing the spread of populations given in the same study.
2583:
2269:
1899:
1662:
Lucia Simoni, Francesc
Calafell, Davide Pettener, Jaume Bertranpetit, and Guido Barbujani, Geographic Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Europe,
1794:"On the origin of Iberomaurusians: new data based on ancient mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of Afalou and Taforalt populations"
1860:, "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia."
1566:
1477:"ANALYSES OF GENETIC DATA WITHIN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORK TO INVESTIGATE RECENT HUMAN EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AND COMPLEX DISEASE"
1917:"Oxidative phosphorylation differences between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups modify the risk of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy"
1447:
B.A. Malyarchuk, T. Grzybowski, M.V. Derenko, J. Czarny, and D. MiĆcicka-Ćliwka, Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the Polish Roma,
1735:"Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans"
947:
111:
2489:
1897:
Different genetic components in the
Norwegian population revealed by the analysis of mtDNA & Y chromosome polymorphisms
1379:
Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., LoogvÀli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R.
1476:
1515:
Asmahan Bekada; Lara R. Arauna; Tahria Deba; Francesc Calafell; Soraya Benhamamouch; David Comas (September 24, 2015).
1017:
91:
2463:
2013:
2403:"The discovery of a ten-generation m.C1494T pedigree in the east of England with probable links to King Richard III"
2631:
2099:"Role of European mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in the prevalence of hip osteoarthritis in Galicia, Northern Spain"
2037:
1591:"Genetic Patterns of Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation, with Implications to the Peopling of the Sudan"
943:
602:(3/111 = 2.7% Vilyuy Yakut, 2/148 = 1.4% Northern Yakut, 1/88 = 1.1% Central Yakut, 1/164 = 0.6% Central Yakut),
2478:
The Subclades of mtDNA Haplogroup J and Proposed Motifs for Assigning Control-Region Sequences into These Clades
2097:
Rego, I; Fernandez-Moreno, M; Fernandez-Lopez, C; Gomez-Reino, J J; Gonzalez, A; Arenas, J; Blanco, F J (2009).
1393:"Out of Arabiaâthe settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity"
2588:
894:
616:
2152:
Soto-Hermida, A.; FernĂĄndez-Moreno, M.; Oreiro, N.; FernĂĄndez-LĂłpez, C.; Rego-PĂ©rez, I.; Blanco, F.J. (2014).
652:
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup J subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser
1461:
McElreavey, Where west meets east: the complex mtDNA landscape of the southwest and Central Asian corridor,
531:= Homogenously spread in Europe; absent in the nations around the Caucasus; not known to be found elsewhere.
2480:
1000:
1678:"Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods"
1357:
1033:
976:
386:
2273:
2444:
2502:"Mitochondrial DNA inherited variants are associated with successful aging and longevity in humans"
2310:
1896:
2494:
899:
122:
Around 45,000 years before present, a mutation took place in the DNA of a woman who lived in the
2614:
939:
903:
564:
299:
287:
1247:
1242:
1209:
1116:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1073:
1065:
1060:
990:
99:
63:
2040:"Mitochondrial Haplogroups H and J: Risk and Protective Factors for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy"
2349:
2051:
1746:
1689:
1528:
1358:
Piia Serk, Human Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup J in Europe and Near East, Thesis, Tartu 2004
1274:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1235:
1227:
1204:
1199:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1106:
1101:
556:
103:
20:
1375:
8:
2098:
1005:
316:
2594:
2353:
2055:
1750:
1693:
1532:
1514:
2572:
2531:
2378:
2337:
2236:
2203:
2134:
2074:
2039:
1990:
1965:
1821:
1710:
1677:
1645:
1551:
1516:
1329:
951:
635:
19:
This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see
2564:
2523:
2420:
2383:
2365:
2241:
2223:
2183:
2175:
2126:
2118:
2079:
1995:
1946:
1938:
1813:
1774:
1715:
1637:
1633:
1556:
1415:
1321:
1300:"Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation"
1218:
1029:
995:
560:
2576:
2138:
1649:
1333:
2605:
2556:
2535:
2513:
2410:
2373:
2357:
2231:
2215:
2165:
2110:
2069:
2059:
1985:
1977:
1928:
1914:
1825:
1805:
1764:
1754:
1705:
1697:
1629:
1546:
1536:
1407:
1311:
962:
921:
654:
Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation
422:
107:
1809:
2484:
2467:
2151:
2064:
1981:
1933:
1916:
1903:
1541:
1364:
933:
927:
643:) indicated are maximum likelihood estimates obtained for the whole-mtDNA genome.
472:
264:
252:
245:
233:
215:
203:
196:
181:
169:
162:
2204:"Mitochondrial Polymorphisms Significantly Reduce the Risk of Parkinson Disease"
1865:
2415:
2402:
2170:
2153:
958:
588:
584:
580:
494:
491:
464:
460:
414:
395:
2560:
2518:
2501:
2096:
1759:
1734:
1483:
610:
in Yakutia (1/105 = 1.0%). Haplogroup J2a2b3 has been observed in a sample of
282:
However, any statements concerning the geographic origin of this or any other
2625:
2369:
2227:
2179:
2122:
2014:"A Comprehensive Analysis of mtDNA Haplogroup J (Jim Logan. September, 2008)"
1942:
1376:
A âCopernicanâ reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root
1047:
966:
620:
592:
548:
418:
405:
There is also limited evidence that the subclade J1 has long been present in
2595:
Geographic Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Europe, Lucia Simoni et al., 2000.
2114:
555:
archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Pre-Ptolemaic/late
447:
In Africa, haplogroup J is concentrated in the northeast. It is found among
409:. For instance, perhaps the highest incidence of haplogroup J is the 19% of
2568:
2527:
2472:
2461:
A Comprehensive Analysis of mtDNA Haplogroup J (Jim Logan. September, 2008)
2424:
2387:
2245:
2187:
2130:
2083:
1999:
1950:
1817:
1778:
1719:
1641:
1560:
1419:
1325:
1194:
915:
572:
479:
456:
441:
406:
142:
Coalescence time estimates for the subclades of mitochondrial haplogroup J
110:, certain polymorphisms specific to haplogroup J have been associated with
45:
2460:
2154:"mtDNA haplogroups and osteoarthritis in different geographic populations"
2017:
1964:
Hendrickson SL, Hutcheson HB, Ruiz-Pesini E, et al. (November 2008).
1618:
487:
410:
131:
1701:
2361:
1411:
1316:
1299:
500:
Within Europe, >2% frequency distribution of mtDNA J is as follows:
295:
283:
135:
95:
1769:
537:= Virtually absent in Europe; found in diverse forms in the Near East.
2609:
890:
640:
468:
123:
49:
2477:
598:
In Eastern Siberia, haplogroup J1c5 has been observed in samples of
2500:
De Benedictis G, Rose G, Carrieri G, et al. (September 1999).
2219:
1381:, American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 90(4), pg. 675-684, 2012
576:
568:
314:
Calculated age via empirical spread and mutational drift rate ratio
127:
53:
611:
475:
448:
436:(0â20% J1b). The J1b subclade also occurs in the Near East among
291:
2200:
2145:
1921:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
1963:
603:
599:
552:
483:
437:
429:
413:, who belong to J1 (although this has also been ascribed to a "
624:
607:
452:
433:
2450:
2296:
Finding Your Roots: The Official Companion to the PBS Series
1010:
428:
In the Arabian peninsula, mtDNA haplogroup J is found among
1793:
906:
versus individuals carrying the most common haplogroup, H.
2546:
2334:
1966:"Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups influence AIDS progression"
1908:
390:
Projected spatial frequency distribution for haplogroup J.
2499:
2194:
343:
21,186.1 ± 4,485.5 (Between 16,700 and 25,700 years old)
335:
24,051.5 ± 4,183.2 (Between 19,900 and 28,200 years old)
327:
28,259.7 ± 4,605.0 (Between 23,700 and 32,900 years old)
2602:
Human Mitochondrial Haplogroup J in Europe and Near East
2090:
351:
12,986.1 ± 4,077.7 (Between 8,900 and 17,100 years old)
367:
7,591.6 ± 2,889.6 (Between 4,700 and 10,500 years old)
359:
8,949.8 ± 3,051.3 (Between 5,900 and 12,000 years old)
1879:
Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A,
1675:
1297:
294:. Furthermore, inferring close associations between a
2490:
Map of mtHaplogroup J. (Captions in Russian/Cyrillic)
2298:. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 54.
1517:"Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations"
375:
3,618.9 ± 2,973.9 (Between 600 and 6,600 years old)
2338:"Identification of the remains of King Richard III"
567:periods. Haplogroup J has been observed in ancient
2495:J (& subclades) mt-Haplogroup project at FTDNA
2031:
1732:
402:Mediterranean, Greece, Italy/Sardinia and Spain.
2623:
2267:
1856:Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu,
1298:van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008).
1226:
1223:
1069:
980:, haplogroup J is referred to as 'Clan Jasmine'.
290:to be 'story telling' and outside the domain of
1887:8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
942:had the mtDNA haplogroup J1c2c3, of his mother
639:Schematic tree of mtDNA haplogroup J. Ages (in
2328:
2308:
286:are highly speculative and considered by most
1875:
1873:
1866:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127
1390:
957:As would Richard's 3rd cousin, twice removed
1839:
1676:Schuenemann, Verena J.; et al. (2017).
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1018:human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups
2473:A Refined Phylogeny for mtDNA Haplogroup J
2394:
2311:"The Moment Magazine Great DNA Experiment"
2287:
1870:
2517:
2414:
2377:
2309:Nadine Epstein (SeptemberâOctober 2012).
2293:
2235:
2169:
2073:
2063:
1989:
1932:
1791:
1768:
1758:
1709:
1571:
1550:
1540:
1501:
1400:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1315:
1293:
1291:
1785:
1593:. University of Khartoum. Archived from
1384:
893:of oxidative phosphorylation related to
634:
385:
2270:"La genética tras la belleza de Ximena"
1733:RodrıÌguez-Varela; et al. (2017).
1482:. University of Florida. Archived from
930:was a member of mtDNA haplogroup J1b1a.
547:Haplogroup J has also been found among
394:Basal haplogroup J* is found among the
2624:
2208:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1288:
1158:
1110:
1077:
1072:
1054:
1051:
1038:
1028:
948:Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland
2400:
2006:
1105:
1100:
543:= Found in Western Europe and Russia.
2599:
2407:European Journal of Medical Genetics
2272:(in Mexican Spanish). Archived from
1251:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1064:
1059:
1046:
1041:
1025:
936:is a member of mtDNA haplogroup J1c.
924:Miss Universe 2010, is haplogroup J.
1588:
1391:ÄernĂœ, Viktor; et al. (2009).
1340:
656:and subsequent published research.
451:(3.23â14.52%), as well as Sudanese
112:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
13:
1664:American Journal of Human Genetics
1468:
1463:American Journal of Human Genetics
909:
306:Age of younger branches of mtHG J
14:
2643:
2434:
884:
311:Subclade Alphanumeric assignation
2103:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
1634:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00057.x
2302:
2294:Gates Jr., Henry Louis (2015).
2261:
2252:
1957:
1890:
1792:Kefi, Rym; et al. (2018).
1726:
1669:
1666:, vol. 66 (2000), pp. 262â278.
1656:
1612:
1589:Mohamed, Hisham Yousif Hassan.
1474:
1465:, vol. 74 (2004), pp. 827â845.
944:Cecily Neville, Duchess of York
889:It has been theorized that the
606:in Yakutia (4/125 = 3.2%), and
381:
81:295 489 10398 12612 13708 16069
2401:Logan, Ian S. (17 June 2024).
1454:
1451:, vol. 70 (2006), pp. 195-206.
1441:
1369:
623:individuals from northernmost
617:Human Genome Diversity Project
1:
1810:10.1080/24701394.2016.1258406
1282:
98:. The clade derives from the
2604:(Thesis). Tartu University.
2065:10.1371/journal.pone.0044128
1982:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831940bb
1934:10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.04.014
1542:10.1371/journal.pone.0138453
1001:Human mitochondrial genetics
630:
302:can be equally problematic.
7:
984:
952:Katherine Swynford neé Roet
153:Near East coalescence time
37:45,000 years before present
10:
2648:
2416:10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104957
2171:10.1016/j.mito.2014.03.001
1013:
977:The Seven Daughters of Eve
587:specimens dating from the
513:= Austria-Switzerland â 3%
102:, which also gave rise to
18:
2561:10.1007/s00439-002-0843-y
2519:10.1096/fasebj.13.12.1532
1760:10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.059
551:mummies excavated at the
150:European coalescence time
117:
77:
69:
59:
41:
33:
28:
1862:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1798:Mitochondrial DNA Part A
1622:Annals of Human Genetics
1449:Annals of Human Genetics
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1234:
42:Possible place of origin
2632:Human mtDNA haplogroups
2336:SchĂŒrer, Kevin (2014).
2115:10.1136/ard.2008.105254
900:ischemic cardiomyopathy
647:
455:(10.3% J1a; 10.3% J2),
92:human mitochondrial DNA
34:Possible time of origin
16:Human mitochondrial DNA
2584:Spread of Haplogroup J
2445:Mitochondrial DNA Site
2268:Delia Angélica Ortiz.
965:(author) and his wife
940:Richard III of England
644:
391:
300:archaeological culture
288:population geneticists
106:. Within the field of
2342:Nature Communications
1745:(1â7): 3396â3402.e5.
1682:Nature Communications
1016:Phylogenetic tree of
991:Genealogical DNA test
974:in Bryan Sykes' book
950:, and Gt-Grandmother
638:
571:fossils excavated in
432:(10.5â18.8% J1b) and
389:
662:mtDNA HG "J" P-tree
21:Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
2600:Serk, Piia (2004).
2589:National Geographic
2354:2014NatCo...5.5631K
2056:2012PLoSO...744128F
1751:2017CBio...27E3396R
1702:10.1038/ncomms15694
1694:2017NatCo...815694S
1600:on 10 November 2020
1533:2015PLoSO..1038453B
1006:Population genetics
904:Parkinson's disease
525:= France-Italy â 2%
423:north-west Pakistan
307:
143:
2612:. Docket b1666485.
2483:2009-02-16 at the
2466:2008-12-02 at the
2449:Mannis van Oven's
2362:10.1038/ncomms6631
1902:2011-09-27 at the
1489:on 13 October 2020
1412:10.1002/ajpa.20960
1363:2008-09-08 at the
1317:10.1002/humu.20921
645:
392:
305:
141:
78:Defining mutations
1429:on 6 October 2016
1280:
1279:
1221:
1030:Mitochondrial Eve
996:Genetic genealogy
882:
881:
619:'s sample of ten
486:Berbers (2.74%),
379:
378:
279:
274:
273:
85:
84:
2639:
2613:
2580:
2543:
2521:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2173:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2016:. Archived from
2010:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1936:
1927:(8): 1216â1222.
1912:
1906:
1894:
1888:
1877:
1868:
1854:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1762:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1586:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1544:
1512:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1422:. Archived from
1397:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1367:
1355:
1338:
1337:
1319:
1295:
1217:
1011:
963:Geoffrey Chaucer
922:Ximena Navarrete
659:
658:
549:ancient Egyptian
490:(2.1% J1b), and
308:
304:
277:
144:
140:
108:medical genetics
26:
25:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2622:
2621:
2485:Wayback Machine
2468:Wayback Machine
2437:
2432:
2399:
2395:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2315:Moment Magazine
2307:
2303:
2292:
2288:
2279:
2277:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2199:
2195:
2150:
2146:
2095:
2091:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1976:(18): 2429â39.
1962:
1958:
1913:
1909:
1904:Wayback Machine
1895:
1891:
1878:
1871:
1855:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1790:
1786:
1739:Current Biology
1731:
1727:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1657:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1572:
1527:(9): e0138453.
1513:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1374:
1370:
1365:Wayback Machine
1356:
1341:
1296:
1289:
1285:
987:
934:Esther Wojcicki
928:Barbara Walters
918:'s mtdna is J1.
912:
910:Popular culture
887:
650:
633:
553:Abusir el-Meleq
519:= Scotland â 4%
457:Sudanese Fulani
384:
315:
298:and a specific
244:16,600* years (
120:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2597:
2592:
2581:
2544:
2512:(12): 1532â6.
2497:
2492:
2487:
2475:
2470:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2436:
2435:External links
2433:
2431:
2430:
2393:
2327:
2301:
2286:
2260:
2251:
2220:10.1086/373937
2214:(4): 804â811.
2193:
2144:
2109:(1): 210â213.
2089:
2030:
2005:
1956:
1907:
1889:
1869:
1864:2013, 13:127.
1838:
1804:(1): 147â157.
1784:
1725:
1668:
1655:
1611:
1570:
1500:
1467:
1453:
1440:
1406:(4): 439â447.
1383:
1368:
1339:
1310:(2): E386â94.
1304:Human Mutation
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
986:
983:
982:
981:
972:
971:
970:
959:Thomas Chaucer
946:, grandmother
937:
931:
925:
919:
911:
908:
886:
885:Genetic traits
883:
880:
879:
878:
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
872:
871:
870:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
858:
846:
845:
844:
843:
842:
836:
835:
834:
833:
832:
831:
830:
827:
809:
808:
807:
806:
805:
799:
798:
797:
796:
795:
789:
788:
787:
781:
778:
777:
776:
770:
767:
766:
765:
762:
761:
760:
754:
753:
752:
743:
742:
741:
740:
739:
738:
737:
728:
722:
721:
720:
717:
708:
707:
706:
703:
700:
699:
698:
697:
696:
690:
689:
688:
685:
664:
663:
649:
646:
632:
629:
589:Epipaleolithic
585:Iberomaurusian
581:Canary Islands
545:
544:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
480:Sudanese Hausa
415:founder effect
383:
380:
377:
376:
373:
369:
368:
365:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
325:
321:
320:
312:
272:
271:
268:
261:
257:
256:
251:16,000 years (
249:
242:
238:
237:
232:15,000 years (
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
212:
208:
207:
202:23,300 years (
200:
193:
189:
188:
185:
178:
174:
173:
168:17,700 years (
166:
161:27,300 years (
159:
155:
154:
151:
148:
119:
116:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2644:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:Haplogroup J
2456:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2290:
2276:on 2013-10-23
2275:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:Mitochondrion
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2050:(8): e44128.
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2020:on 2008-12-02
2019:
2015:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1075:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
979:
978:
973:
968:
967:Philippa Roet
964:
960:
956:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
913:
907:
905:
901:
896:
892:
867:
862:
859:
856:
855:
853:
852:
850:
849:
847:
840:
839:
837:
828:
825:
824:
822:
821:
819:
818:
816:
815:
813:
812:
810:
803:
802:
800:
793:
792:
790:
785:
784:
782:
779:
774:
773:
771:
768:
763:
758:
757:
755:
750:
749:
747:
746:
744:
735:
734:
732:
731:
729:
726:
725:
723:
718:
715:
714:
712:
711:
709:
704:
701:
694:
693:
691:
686:
683:
682:
680:
679:
677:
676:
674:
673:
671:
670:
668:
667:
666:
665:
661:
660:
657:
655:
642:
637:
628:
626:
622:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:(10.7% J1b),
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
399:
397:
388:
374:
371:
370:
366:
363:
362:
358:
355:
354:
350:
347:
346:
342:
339:
338:
334:
331:
330:
326:
323:
322:
318:
313:
310:
309:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
269:
266:
263:5,800 years (
262:
259:
258:
255:5,700 years)
254:
250:
247:
243:
240:
239:
236:5,000 years)
235:
231:
228:
225:
224:
220:
217:
214:19,200 years(
213:
210:
209:
206:4,300 years)
205:
201:
198:
195:5,000 years (
194:
191:
190:
186:
183:
180:7,700 years (
179:
176:
175:
172:2,500 years)
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
156:
152:
149:
146:
145:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:haplogroup JT
97:
93:
89:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
2601:
2587:
2555:(1): 29â33.
2552:
2548:
2539:
2509:
2505:
2443:Ian Logan's
2406:
2396:
2345:
2341:
2330:
2319:. Retrieved
2317:. p. 44
2314:
2304:
2295:
2289:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:the original
2263:
2254:
2211:
2207:
2196:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2022:. Retrieved
2018:the original
2008:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1861:
1857:
1829:. Retrieved
1801:
1797:
1787:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1628:(1): 23â39.
1625:
1621:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1524:
1520:
1491:. Retrieved
1484:the original
1470:
1462:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1424:the original
1403:
1399:
1386:
1378:
1371:
1307:
1303:
1269:
1015:
1014:
975:
916:Mario Batali
888:
653:
651:
597:
573:Gran Canaria
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
516:
510:
504:
499:
482:(2.9% J1b),
467:(5.9% J1b),
463:(6.7% J1b),
446:
442:Palestinians
427:
421:minority of
407:Central Asia
404:
400:
393:
382:Distribution
281:
275:
267:2,900 years)
248:8,100 years)
218:6,900 years)
199:2,200 years)
184:3,500 years)
165:8,000 years)
121:
104:haplogroup T
88:Haplogroup J
87:
86:
46:Western Asia
29:Haplogroup J
2541:individuals
1831:17 November
961:MP, son of
557:New Kingdom
440:(7.1%) and
411:Polish Roma
132:Paleolithic
70:Descendants
2549:Hum. Genet
2409:: 104957.
2321:2024-02-24
2280:2015-02-25
2024:2008-12-10
1770:2164/13526
1475:Non, Amy.
1283:References
891:uncoupling
296:haplogroup
284:haplogroup
136:Mesolithic
96:haplogroup
2610:10062/777
2451:PhyloTree
2370:2041-1723
2228:0002-9297
2180:1567-7249
2164:: 18â23.
2123:0003-4967
1943:0925-4439
1688:: 15694.
631:Subclades
561:Ptolemaic
497:(0.93%).
492:Reguibate
478:(3.53%),
469:Egyptians
449:Algerians
124:Near East
50:Near East
2626:Category
2577:24949306
2569:12483296
2528:10463944
2481:Archived
2464:Archived
2440:General
2425:38897372
2388:25463651
2348:: 5631.
2246:12618962
2188:24632472
2139:27038346
2131:19224903
2084:22937160
2044:PLOS ONE
2000:19005266
1951:22561905
1900:Archived
1885:PLoS ONE
1818:28034339
1779:29107554
1720:28556824
1650:44901197
1642:14748828
1604:22 April
1567:S5 Table
1561:26402429
1521:PLOS ONE
1493:22 April
1420:19012329
1361:Archived
1334:27566749
1326:18853457
985:See also
577:Tenerife
473:Mozabite
471:(5.9%),
398:(9.2%).
372:J2a1a1a2
147:Subclade
128:Caucasus
94:(mtDNA)
60:Ancestor
54:Caucasus
2586:, from
2536:8699708
2506:FASEB J
2379:4268703
2350:Bibcode
2258:23andMe
2237:1180345
2075:3429437
2052:Bibcode
1991:2699618
1826:4490910
1747:Bibcode
1711:5459999
1690:Bibcode
1552:4581715
1529:Bibcode
1433:13 June
1232:
1224:
1214:
1164:
1141:
1111:
1081:
1078:
1070:
1055:
1042:
1039:
1026:
829:J2a1a1b
826:J2a1a1a
823:J2a1a1
736:J1c2b1a
733:J1c2b1
612:Nyukzha
591:at the
579:on the
569:Guanche
495:Sahrawi
476:Berbers
465:Arakien
461:Meseria
434:Yemenis
396:Soqotri
364:J2a1a1a
292:science
2575:
2567:
2534:
2526:
2423:
2386:
2376:
2368:
2244:
2234:
2226:
2186:
2178:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2082:
2072:
1998:
1988:
1949:
1941:
1881:et al.
1858:et al.
1824:
1816:
1777:
1718:
1708:
1648:
1640:
1559:
1549:
1418:
1332:
1324:
1219:pre-JT
863:J2b1a3
860:J2b1a2
857:J2b1a1
854:J2b1a
820:J2a1a
759:J1c3b1
756:J1c3b
751:J1c3a1
748:J1c3a
730:J1c2b
695:J1b1b1
692:J1b1b
687:J1b1a2
684:J1b1a1
681:J1b1a
621:Oroqen
604:Evenks
600:Yakuts
593:Afalou
563:, and
484:Zenata
444:(4%).
438:Iraqis
430:Saudis
419:Kalash
356:J2a1a1
118:Origin
73:J1, J2
52:, the
2573:S2CID
2532:S2CID
2135:S2CID
1822:S2CID
1646:S2CID
1598:(PDF)
1487:(PDF)
1480:(PDF)
1427:(PDF)
1396:(PDF)
1330:S2CID
1052:L1â6
868:J2b1b
851:J2b1
841:J2a2a
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