Hạ Long Bay - Knowledge

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slow overall tectonic up lift. The process of karst formation is divided into five stages, the second of which is the formation of the distinctive do line karst. This is followed by the development of fengcong karst, which can be seen in the groups of hills on Bo Hon and Dau Be Inland. These cones with sloping sides average 100m in height with the tallest exceeding 200m. Fenglin karst is characterized by steep separate towers. The hundreds of rocky islands that form the beautiful and famous landscape of the Bay are the individual towers of a classic Fenglin landscape where the intervening plains have been submerged by the sea. Most towers reach a height of between 50 and 100m with a height to width ratio of about 6. The karst dolines were flooded by the sea, becoming the abundance of lakes that lie within the limestone islands. For example, Dau Be island at the mouth of the Bay has six enclosed lakes including those of the Ba Ham lakes lying within its fengcong karst. The Bay contains examples of the landscape elements of fengcong, fenglin and karst plain. These are not separate evolutionary stages but the result of natural non – uniform processes in the denudation of a large mass of limestone. Marine erosion created the notches which in some places have been enlarged into caves. The marine notch is a feature of limestone coastline but, in Hạ Long Bay, it has created the mature landscape.

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south. Tam Cung is a large phreatic fissure cave that developed in the bedding planes of the limestone dividing the fissure cave into three chambers. Lau Dai is a cave with a complex of passages extending over 300 meters on the south side of Con Ngua Island. Thien Cung and Dau Go are remnants of the same old cave system. They both survive in the northern part of Dau Go Island at between 20 and 50m above sea level. Thien Cung has one large chamber more than 100m long, blocked at its ends and almost subdivided into smaller chambers by a massive wall of stalactites and stalagmites. Dau Go is a single large tunnel descending along a major set of fractures to a massive choke.

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relocated fishing households living on floating villages to the mainland to protect the water environment of Ha Long Bay. Furthermore, the extraction of coal and stone within the heritage area has been banned to prevent coal and mud pollution in the bay as advised by UNESCO. In the bay area, some local residents have voluntarily taken action to preserve the landscape by organizing volunteer groups to collect and handle waste. Starting from September 1, 2019, the People's Committee of Ha Long City strictly banned the use of single-use plastic products in the bay area. This is a resolute and significant step towards conserving the bay's environment.

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Some of them preserved the development of old karstic foot caves in mainland environments or preserved the remnants of older phreatic caves. One of the most unusual features of Hạ Long Bay is the Bo Ham lake group of hidden lakes and their connecting tunnel – notch caves in Dau Be Island. From the island's perimeter cliff a cave, 10m wide at water level and curving so that it is almost completely dark, extends about 150m to Lake 1. Luon Cave is on Bo Hon Island and extends 50m meters to an enclosed tidal lake. It has a massive stalactite hanging 2m down and truncated at the modern tidal level. It has passed through many stages in its formation.

542:, is bordered on the south and southeast by Lan Ha Bay, on the north by Hạ Long city, and on the west by Bai Tu Long Bay. The bay has a 120-kilometre-long (75 mi) coastline and is approximately 1,553 km (600 sq mi) in size with about 2,000 islets. The area designated by UNESCO as the World Natural Heritage Site incorporates 434 km (168 sq mi) with 775 islets, of which the core zone is delimited by 69 points: Dau Go island on the west, Ba Ham lake on the south and Cong Tay island on the east. The protected area is from the Cái Dăm petrol store to Quang Hanh ward, Cẩm Phả city and the surrounding zone. 500: 361: 912: 1351: 1673:, and the implementation of eco-tourism standards and heritage conservation regulations for the surrounding waters of the heritage site are significant challenges for the local government. The stalactites in the cave system of Ha Long Bay have been vandalized, cut, and taken away for use in decorating artificial landscapes (2016). Some caves have even been covered with concrete to serve as banquet venues. Moreover, the activities of fishing boats and tourists also generate significant amounts of waste pollution that the authorities have yet to effectively manage. 747: 576:

Fish require feeding every other day for up to three years, when they are eventually sold to local seafood restaurants for up to 300,000 Vietnamese dong per kilogram. Today, the lives of Hạ Long Bay inhabitants have much improved due to new travel businesses. Residents of the floating villages around Hạ Long Bay now offer bedrooms for rent, boat tours, and fresh seafood meals to tourists. While this is an isolating, back-breaking lifestyle, floating village residents are considered wealthy compared to residents of other Hạ Long Bay islands.

376:. These jewels turned into the islands and islets dotting the bay, linking together to form a great wall against the invaders. Under magics, numerous rock mountains abruptly appeared on the sea, ahead of invaders' ships; the forward ships struck the rocks and each other. After winning the battle, the dragons were interested in peaceful sightseeing of the Earth, and then decided to live in this bay. The place where the mother dragon descended was named Hạ Long, the place where the dragon's children attended upon their mother was called 151: 244: 928:

draining from larger cave systems within the limestone. They are distinguished by the main elements of their passages being close to the horizontal and are commonly related to denuded or accumulated terraces at the old base levels. Trinh Nu, which is one of the larger foot caves in Hạ Long Bay with its ceiling at about 12m above sea level and about 80m in length, was developed in multiple stages. Bo Nau, a horizontal cave containing old stalactite deposits, cuts across the 25o dip of the bedding plane.

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activities, extending beyond the boundaries of Ha Long Bay. Some experts suggest considering the expansion of the conservation area, not only limiting it to the small area of Ha Long Bay but also encompassing the surrounding sea area, including the areas close to the Vietnam-China border. With a length of about 300 km and a width of about 60 km, the entire area can be seen and conserved as a unique marine ecosystem of Vietnam.

464: 424: 158: 181: 589: 944:, in China. However, Hạ Long Bay has also been invaded by the sea so that the geomorphology of its limestone islands are, at least in part, the consequence of marine erosion. The marine invasion distinguishes Hạ Long Bay and makes it unique in the world. There are other areas of submerged karst towers which were invaded by the sea, but none is as extensive as Hạ Long Bay. 3626: 333:, in which he called it "a rock wonder in the sky". In 1962, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of North Vietnam listed Hạ Long Bay in the National Relics and Landscapes publication. In 1994, the core zone of Hạ Long Bay was listed as a World Heritage Site under Criterion VII, and was listed for a second time under Criterion VIII. 1657:

becoming turbid and sedimented, prompting scientists to warn of the possibility of Ha Long Bay becoming "swamped." Additionally, as Ha Long Bay is surrounded by thousands of limestone islands, which are mostly good construction materials, they are susceptible to private exploitation, leading to landscape distortion.

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carbonate materials account for more than 90%. The intertidal zone sediments are various, from clay mud to sand and gravel, depending on distinguished sedimentary environments such as mangrove marshes, tidal flats, beaches etc. At the small beaches, the sand sediments may be dominated quartz or carbonate materials.

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The bottom surface sediments are various from clay mud to sand, however, silty mud and clay mud dominate in distribution. Especially, the carbonate materials originated from organisms make up 60 to 65% sedimentary content. The surface sediments of coral reefs are mainly sand and pebbles, of which the

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At present , the Quảng Ninh provincial government has a policy to relocate the households living in the bay to resettle, in order to stabilize their life and to protect the landscape of the heritage zone. More than 300 households living in fishing villages in Hạ Long Bay have been relocated ashore in

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The population of Hạ Long Bay is about 1,540, mainly in Cửa Vạn, Ba Hang and Cặp Dè fishing villages (Hùng Thắng Ward, Hạ Long City). Residents of the bay mostly live on boats and rafts buoyed by tires and plastic jugs to facilitate the fishing, cultivating and breeding of aquatic and marine species.

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Hạ Long Bay is a mature karst landscape developed during a warm, wet, tropical climate. The sequence of stages in the evolution of a karst landscape over a period of 20 million years requires a combination of several distinct elements including a massive thickness of limestone, a hot wet climate and

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Due to a simultaneous combination of ideal factors such as thick, pale, grey, and strong limestone layers, which are formed by fine-grained materials; hot and moist climate and slow tectonic process as a whole; Hạ Long Bay has had a complete karst evolution for 20 million years. There are many types

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A community of around 1,600 people live on Hạ Long Bay in four fishing villages: Cua Van, Ba Hang, Cong Tau and Vong Vieng in Hung Thang ward, Hạ Long city. They live on floating houses and are sustained through fishing and marine aquaculture (cultivating marine biota), plying the shallow waters for

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Historical research surveys have shown the presence of prehistoric human beings in this area tens of thousands years ago. The successive ancient cultures are the Soi Nhụ culture around 18,000–7,000 BC, the Cái Bèo culture 7,000–5,000 BC and the Hạ Long culture 5,000–3,500 years ago. Hạ Long Bay also

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Hang Trống and Hang Trinh Nữ (Male cave and Virgin cave): the tale's about a beautiful woman had fallen in love with a fisherman whom must sail to the sea not so long after their engagement, the landlord saw this beautiful girl and captured her, but with her resistance, the landlord exiled the girl

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The formation of the limestone layer more than 1,000 m thick. A shallow and warm sea reformed, which existed for approximately 100 million years. It created two kinds of limestone: the Cát Bà layer of the early Carboniferous period (450 m thick); and the Quang Hanh layer of the middle Carboniferous

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The second group of caves is the old karstic foot caves which include Trinh Lu, Bo Nau, Tien Ong and Trong caves. Foot caves are a ubiquitous feature of karst landscapes which have reached a stage of widespread lateral undercutting at base level. They may extend back into maze caves of stream caves

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A distinguishing feature of marine notch caves is an absolutely smooth and horizontal ceiling cut through the limestone. Some marine notch caves had not been not formed at present sea level, but old sea levels related to sea level changes in Holocene transgression, event to Pleistocene sea levels.

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The sediment layers of the intertidal zone, the upper sea bed with a plain surface conserving ancient rivers, the systems of caves and their sediments, traces of ancient marine action forming distinctive notches, beaches and marine terraces, and mangrove swamps are important evidence of geological

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In 2000, UNESCO's World Heritage Committee inscribed Hạ Long Bay in the World Heritage List according to its outstanding examples representing major stages of the Earth's history and its original limestone karstic geomorphologic features. Hạ Long Bay and its adjacent areas consist of a part of the

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monolithic islands each topped with thick jungle vegetation, rising spectacularly from the ocean. Several of the islands are hollow, with enormous caves. Hang Dau Go (Wooden Stakes cave) is the largest grotto in the Hạ Long area. French tourists visited in the late 19th century, and named the cave

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caves which include Sung Sot, Tam Cung, Lau Dai, Thien Cung, Dau Go, Hoang Long, Thien Long. Nowadays, these caves lie at various heights. Sung Sot cave is on Bo Hon Island. From its truncated entrance chambers on a ledge high on the cliff, a passage of more than 10m high and wide descends to the

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The similarity in landscape, geology, biodiversity, as well as cultural and archaeological values of the entire region, including not only Ha Long Bay but also Cat Ba Archipelago and Bai Tu Long Bay, has led to scientific research in geology, archaeology, culture, and tourism, as well as fishing

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Con Cóc islet (Frog islet): a frog-like isle. According to ancient tales, in a year of severe drought, a frog directed all animals to the Heaven and protested against the God. They demonstrated in favour of making rain. As a result, the God must accept the frog as his uncle. Since then, whenever

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Some of the most remarkable geological events in Hạ Long Bay's history have occurred in the last 1,000 years, include the advance of the sea, the raising of the bay area, strong erosion that has formed coral, and, pure blue and heavily salted water. This process of erosion by seawater has deeply

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The karst landscape of Hạ Long Bay is of international significance and of fundamental importance to the science of geomorphology. The fenglin tower karst, which is the type present in much of Hạ Long Bay, is the most extreme form of limestone landscape development. If these karst landscapes are

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The third group is the marine notch caves which're a special feature of the karst of Hạ Long Bay. The dissolution process of sea water acting on the limestone and erosion by wave action creates notches at the base of the cliffs. In advantageous conditions, dissolution of the limestone allows the

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Of the 1,969 islands in Hạ Long, only approximately 40 are inhabited. These islands range from tens to thousands of hectares in size, mainly in the East and Southeast of Hạ Long Bay. In recent decades, thousands of villagers have been starting to settle down on the pristine islands and build new

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The climate of the bay is tropical, wet, sea islands, with two seasons: hot and moist summer, dry and cold winter. The average temperature is from 15–25 °C (59–77 °F), and annual rainfall is between 2 and 2.2 metres (6.6 and 7.2 ft). Hạ Long Bay has the typical diurnal tide system

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practices, have not only become threats but have also caused alarming levels of environmental pollution and landscape changes in Ha Long Bay. Due to pollution, the once thriving coral reefs in the deep sea of Ha Long Bay are deteriorating. The formerly clear waters of the bay are increasingly

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In an effort to prevent the negative impact of human activities on the natural environment of Ha Long Bay, the authorities of Quang Ninh province have prohibited high-speed motorboats serving tourists in the bay area to protect the environment and biodiversity. Additionally, the province has

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have complained about is the lack of environmental awareness among both tourists and local communities. The modern, civilized, and courteous image of Ha Long tourism has not been fully established as desired. There are still instances of beggars harassing tourists, which affects the tourism

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Thiên Cung cave (literally: Paradise cave): this cave is one of the places associated with the ancient dragon king. It told that Thiên Cung cave was the place where the Dragon King's seven-day marriage took place. To congratulate the couple, many dragons and elephants visited to dance and

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Nguyên Ngọc: "...to form this first- rate wonder, nature only uses: Stone and Water...There are just only two materials themselves chosen from as much as materials, in order to write, to draw, to sculpture, to create everything...It is quite possible that here is the image of the future

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These motions remain continuous and stable, while strong processes of erosion began, and after millions of years, a form of semi-highland topography took shape. The continuation of this erosion has progressively cut the highlands into blocks with altitudes similar to today's mountains.

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Before the 19th century, the name Hạ Long Bay had not been recorded in the old books of the country. It has been called other names such as An Bang, Lục Thủy, and Vân Đồn. In the late 19th century, the name Hạ Long Bay appeared on the Maritime Map of France. The French-language

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to remote island. After being left to starve, the girl died and turned into a statue people called Hang Trinh Nữ (Virgin Cave). Her betrothed ran to the girl's island and when he found out what had happened, he turned into an islet situated nearby called Hang Trống (Male cave).

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in this bay has gone through 500 million years of formation in different conditions and environments. The evolution of the karst in this bay has taken 20 million years under the impact of the tropical wet climate. The geo-diversity of the environment in the area has created

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On another aspect, global climate change with rising sea levels will strongly impact the landscape, island systems, caves, and biodiversity of Ha Long Bay. Vietnam currently lacks the necessary human and material resources to adequately respond to these challenges.

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The islands of today's Hạ Long Bay are basically remnants of these mountains, flooded. Rainwater flowed into crevices in the limestone that had formed from tectonic activity. This steady erosion constantly widened the cracks, eventually creating today's formations.

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in the combat against Ming invaders from China. Next, with the approval of the Sea King, Golden Turtle continued to fight against monsters in this marine area. The turtle became exhausted and died in a cave. Consequently, the cave was named after the Golden

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Local government and businesses are aware of the problems and many measures have been taken to minimise the impact of tourism on the bay environment for sustainable economic growth like introducing eco-friendly tours and tight waste control on resorts.

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Due to all these factors, tourists visiting Hạ Long Bay are not only treated to one of the natural wonders of the world, but also to a precious geological museum that has been naturally preserved in the open air for the last 300 million years.

1604:(ADB) has warned that constructing new ports in the Hạ Long Bay area could lead to increased maritime traffic in the region, posing threats to the bay's infrastructure and the social infrastructure supporting tourism. Pollution from 296:

Hạ Long Bay has an area of around 1,553 km (600 sq mi), including 1,969 islets, most of which are limestone. The core of the bay has an area of 334 km (129 sq mi) with a high density of 775 islets. The

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also pose significant threats. Some argue that there is a need for cautious consideration of development in the bay area through effective management structures, given its crucial environmental significance for the entire region.

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Khe Cá Resettlement Area, now known as Zone 8 (Hà Phong Ward, Hạ Long City) since May 2014. This project will continue to be implemented. The province will only retain a number of fishing villages for sightseeing tours.

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The area was subjected to powerful forces of erosion from the hot and dry climate. At this point, Hạ Long was part of a wide mainland that comprised most of today's South China Sea and the Chinese continental shelf.

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According to local legend, when Vietnam had just started to develop into a country, they had to fight against invaders. To assist the Vietnamese in defending their country, the gods sent a family of

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are significant urban centers driving the economic development in northern Vietnam. The economic growth in these urban areas, coupled with the rapid rise of the southern regions in China, including

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of hydrothermal origin. Additionally, there is surface water, groundwater and thermal mineral water on the shore of the Hạ Long – Bái Tử Long Bays, as well as other environmental resources.

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engraved the stone, contributing to its fantastic beauty. Present-day Hạ Long Bay is the result of this long process of geological evolution that has been influenced by so many factors.

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Another specific feature of Hạ Long Bay is the abundance of lakes inside the limestone islands. For example, Dau Be island has six enclosed lakes. All these island lakes occupy drowned

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cliff notches to be steadily deepened and extended into caves. Many of these at sea level extend right through the limestone hills into drowned dolinas which are now tidal lakes.

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City have experienced rapid growth in infrastructure development, particularly in transportation, shipping, coal mining, and tourism-related industries. Since 1999, the

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Located in Hạ Long and Cát Bà island its inhabitants developed to the level of sea exploitation. Cái Bèo culture is a link between Soi Nhụ culture and Hạ Long culture.

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The level of the water once again increased, forming a marshy floor of canals and streams, and creating the water marks that can be seen on the stone cliffs of today.

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Vietnamese Sea and Islands – position Resources, and typical geological and ecological wonders. Publisher Science and Technology. Ha Noi, Editor: Nguyen Khoa Son

1801: 2203: 1907: 1880: 460:, that have permanent inhabitants, as well as tourist facilities including hotels and beaches. There are a number of beautiful beaches on the smaller islands. 2697: 2107: 1669:

environment of the heritage site. Efforts in education and propaganda to raise awareness among the local population, restrictions on resort development on

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geology was developed through 5 cycles with the intercalation of marine and continental environments. The present Hạ Long Bay, in fact, appeared after the

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Within Hạ Long Bay, the main accessible caves are the older passages that survive from the time when the karst was evolving through its various stages of

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In terms of marine geology, this area is recorded as an especially coastal sedimentary environment. In the alkaline seawater environment, the chemical

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broadly compared in terms of their height, steepness and number of their limestone towers, Hạ Long Bay is probably second in the entire world only to

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Located within Hạ Long and Bái Tử Long are archaeological sites such as Mê Cung and Thiên Long. There are remains from mounds of mountain shellfish (

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Hạ Long Bay is located in northeastern Vietnam, from E106°55' to E107°37' and from N20°43' to N21°09'. The bay stretches from Quang Yen town, past

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Hạ Long Bay was the setting for historical naval battles against Vietnam's coastal neighbors. On three occasions, in the labyrinth of channels in

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additionally recognised Hạ Long Bay for its outstanding geological and geomorphological value, and its World Heritage Listing was updated.

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The process of erosion began dissolving the limestone-rich region of Hạ Long, after that, forming the limestone plain was most active.

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Sino-Vietnamese composite terrane having its development history from pre-Cambrian up to present day. During Phanerozoic, terrigenous,

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in a classic fenglin landscape with heights ranging from 50–100 metres (160–330 ft), and height/width ratios of up to about six.

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Hạ Long Bay existed in the environment of a high mountainous mainland due to the influence of strong mountain-forming phases.

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In 1962, the Vietnam Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism designated Hạ Long Bay a 'Renowned National Landscape Monument'.

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Two ecosystems coexist in Ha Long Bay: a tropical, moist, evergreen rainforest ecosystem and a marine and coastal ecosystem.

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Environmental capacity Hạ Long Bay – Bai Tu Long. Publisher: Natural Science and Technology. Hanoi. Editor: Nguyen Khoa Son

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Kim Quy cave ("Golden Turtle" cave): it is told that the Golden Turtle swam toward the Eastern Sea (international name:

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ships from sailing up the nearby Bạch Đằng River by placing steel-tipped wooden stakes at high tide, sinking the Mongol

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The many islands that dot the bay are home to a great many other species, including (but likely not limited to): 477

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maximum transgression, leaving ultimate zone of lateral undercutting in the limestone cliffs bearing many shells of

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The area of north-east Vietnam was akin to deep sea, subjected to the constant activity of tectonic plates.

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The area, which now forms Hạ Long Bay, was mostly mainland, subject to a process of rain-induced erosion.

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has been considered as continuous. The limestone karstic geomorphology of the bay has developed since the

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and a seashore biosystem. Hạ Long Bay is home to 14 endemic floral species and 60 endemic faunal species.

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Due to tectonic activity, the Hạ Long area and the entire north-east region were raised from the depths.

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have transmitted numerous ancient tales explaining names given to various isles and caves in the bay.

684: 393: 3725: 3720: 2545: 2515: 539: 274: 3764: 3715: 3480: 3410: 3130: 2226:"Report of the 18th Session of the World Heritage Committee, Phuket, Thailand, 12–17 December 1994" 1499:

overflowed with emotion: "Mountains are glistened by water shadow, water spills all over the sky".

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near the islands, the Vietnamese army stopped the Chinese invaders from landing. In 1288, General

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and islets in various shapes and sizes. Hạ Long Bay is a center of a larger zone that includes

1350: 911: 3550: 3360: 2454:"What is Vietnam preparing for the scenario of Ha Long Bay being affected by climate change?" 2393: 1665: 1223: 1219: 708: 2571: 3667: 3405: 1496: 1402: 1227: 893:. Three main types of caves can be recognized in the limestone islands (Waltham, T. 1998): 2931: 2141: 2055: 1074:

period (750 m thick). These two layers constitute the majority of the islands of the Bay.

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communities such as Sa Tô Island (Hạ Long City) and Thắng Lợi Island (Vân Đồn district).

254: 238: 226: 210: 188: 1484: 3730: 3430: 3385: 3190: 3058: 3050: 3038: 2901: 827: 735: 457: 318: 286: 1472: 1469:: "Is it one scenery or many sceneries? Is it the scenery in the world or somewhere?". 1436: 324: 3545: 3365: 3225: 2983: 2830: 2816: 2673: 2185:"'Massive' creature found lurking in underwater tunnel and discovered as new species" 2089: 2077: 1625: 1325: 846: 835: 746: 369: 1999:"Report of Twenty-fourth session of the World Heritage Committee, Cairns, Australia" 1394:

in 1994, in recognition of its outstanding, universal aesthetic value. In 2000, the

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It underwent a phase of inverse-motion that created mountains deep under the water.

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beds have been cleared and jetties and wharves have been built for tourist boats.

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In 2012, the New 7 Wonders Foundation officially named Hạ Long Bay as one of the

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With the sea in a steady process of recession, Hạ Long culture began to develop.

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Hạ Long Bay is also a part of the Club of the Most Beautiful Bays of the World.

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The movement of the sea reached its peak and began forming today's Hạ Long Bay.

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to the southwest. These larger zones share a similar geological, geographical,

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Tourism development in Ha Long Bay and its impact on the regional landscape.

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Trần Văn Trị, Trần Đức Thạnh, Tony Waltham, Lê Đức An, Lại Huy Anh, 2003.

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Website chính thức của Ủy ban tổ chức Đại lễ Phật đản Liên Hiệp Quốc 2008

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In writings about Hạ Long Bay, the following Vietnamese writers wrote:

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is from 31 to 34.5MT in the dry season and lower in the rainy season.

48: 3642: 3520: 3400: 3370: 3355: 3305: 2796: 2247: 1998: 1956: 1641: 1633: 1597: 1589: 1581: 1491:"Hạ Long, Bái Tử Long - Dragons were hidden, only stones still remain 1453: 1439:: "This wonder is ground raising up into the middle of the high sky". 1359: 1297: 1097: 823: 819: 734:, many of the channels between the islands were heavily mined by the 432: 310: 307: 298: 79: 2349:"Thap dien mai phuc Vinh Ha Long - Ky cuoi: Khai thac kieu tan diet" 2204:"HSC Online – Ha Long Bay, Vietnam – a coastal ecosystem in Vietnam" 372:

as protectors. This family of dragons began spitting out jewels and

3605: 3565: 3555: 3535: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3460: 3420: 3335: 3315: 3295: 3290: 3165: 1547:

frogs grind their teeth, the God has to pour water down the ground.

1363: 1262: 1254: 1250: 1159: 1033: 1008: 980: 941: 920: 898: 831: 783: 552: 515: 489: 473: 449: 2729:"Từ 1.9, cấm sử dụng sản phẩm nhựa dùng một lần trên vịnh Hạ Long" 2698:"Từ 1/9, cấm sử dụng sản phẩm nhựa dùng một lần trên vịnh Hạ Long" 2159:"Experience Bioluminescent Plankton Kayak & Halong Bay Cruise" 1342:, was discovered in underwater caves attached to the bay in 2023. 849:

proceeds rapidly, creating wide, strangely shaped marine notches.

3687: 3657: 3540: 3450: 3440: 3435: 3415: 3330: 3325: 3285: 1649: 1637: 1577: 1528: 1112: 1063: 815: 791: 759: 606: 262: 1905:"Từ hơn 500 năm trước, vịnh Hạ Long đã được tôn vinh là kỳ quan" 857:

events and processes taking place during the Quaternary Period.

715:

on 5 June 1948 during the signing of the Halong Bay Agreements (

403:: white-color of the foam made when Dragon's children wriggled, 3615: 3600: 3475: 3300: 1700: 1670: 1388: 1317: 1277: 1242: 807: 692: 493: 481: 463: 251: 2658: 2272:. Club of the Most Beautiful Bays of the World. Archived from 592:

Statue of Buddha inside a cave, erected in the 16–17th century

3585: 3530: 3262: 3088: 2628:"Quảng Ninh cấm sản phẩm nhựa dùng một lần trên Vịnh Hạ Long" 2485:"Thap dien mai phuc Vinh Ha Long - Ky 1: Tan hoang hang dong" 2142:

The Ha Long Bay World Heritage: Outstanding geological values

1705: 1585: 1289: 763: 750: 551:(tide amplitude ranges from 3.5–4 metres or 11–13 feet). The 519: 423: 327:

praised the beauty of Hạ Long Bay 500 years ago in his verse

278: 2791: 1629: 1258: 996:

The area was flooded, bringing Hạ Long Bay into existence.

588: 373: 3095:

The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy

2760:"Hạ Long ngừng sử dụng đồ nhựa để phục vụ khách trên vịnh" 2075: 707:

Hạ Long Bay was the site of the first ever raising of the

2031: 1538:) after returning the holy sword which had assisted King 2572:"Vietnam bans coal shipping in Halong Bay heritage area" 2130:(806): 1–41 – via Nottingham Trent University. UK. 1226:, Chirita halongensis, Chirita hiepii, Chirita modesta, 3625: 2603:"Volunteering to Collect Waste for the Love of Ha Long" 1151:

Period when the caves and grottoes of the area formed.

1493:

On the moonlight nights, stones meditate as men do..."

1463:: "It is the wonder that one cannot impart to others". 2078:"The outstanding value of the geology of Ha Long Bay" 3028: 2883:

Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long

2600: 2201: 2001:. UNESCO World Heritage Committee. 27 November 2000. 1573:

Impacts of Human and Natural Factors on the Bay Area

1032:

End of the Silurian Period and throughout the whole

2870: 2037:Réalités vietnamiennes (Les réalités permanentes), 1177:This period is notable for the advance of the sea. 596: 1664:In terms of community culture, an issue that many 440:. Its three large chambers contain large numerous 431:The bay consists of a dense cluster of some 1,600 2657:Tran Duc Thanh; Waltham Tony (1 September 2001). 2076:Tran Duc Thanh; Waltham Tony (1 September 2001). 1511:Panorama of the bay, taken on Monkey Island, 2013 1268:Common aquatic species found in the bay include: 947: 632: 624: 3751: 2296:"Ha Long bay- the beauty from tales and history" 2182: 328: 2797:UNESCO's World Heritage Convention: Hạ Long Bay 1814:. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 10 năm 2007, 17:26GMT 1481:: "Night breathes, stars wave Hạ Long's water". 472:200 species of fish and 450 different kinds of 2386: 2957: 2856: 2448: 2446: 2444: 1993: 1991: 1898: 1835:Master plan for Ha Long city to 2040 approved 766:-carbonate sediments containing in abundance 2678:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2516:"Vinh Ha Long moi ngay vot 2 tan rac ven bo" 1752:Giá trị địa chất – địa mạo của vịnh Hạ Long. 860: 741: 2971: 2726: 2482: 2423:"Ha Long Bay: Glory accompanies challenges" 2346: 1852:Giá trị lịch sử – văn hóa của vịnh Hạ Long. 1722: 1118:The development of the Hạ Long depression. 507:Almost all these islands are as individual 3790:Tourist attractions in Quảng Ninh province 2964: 2950: 2863: 2849: 2757: 2682:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2441: 2248:"Hạ Long Bay – UNESCO World Heritage Site" 2121:"Limestone karst of Ha Long Bay, Viet Nam" 1988: 1949: 1776:Giá trị đa dạng sinh học của vịnh Hạ Long. 1379: 357:reported "Dragon appears on Hạ Long Bay". 277:. The bay features thousands of limestone 47: 2601:Quang Ninh Newspaper (18 November 2007). 1873: 1871: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1792: 713:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam 2594: 2513: 2417: 2415: 2071: 2069: 1943:– Trang web chính thức của vịnh Hạ Long 1933:Vị trí địa lý, khí hậu của vịnh Hạ Long. 1925: 1862:– Trang web chính thức của vịnh Hạ Long 1844: 1841:(in Vietnamese). Retrieved 25 July 2023. 1786:– Trang web chính thức của vịnh Hạ Long 1768: 1762:– Trang web chính thức của vịnh Hạ Long 1744: 1563: 1506: 1452: 1349: 910: 864: 745: 587: 566: 498: 462: 422: 359: 2118: 1676: 1345: 411:: tail), present-day Tra Co peninsula, 199:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 3752: 3037: 2650: 2270:"The Most Beautiful Bays in the World" 1868: 1820: 1799:Bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học vịnh Hạ Long" 1559: 3261: 3036: 2945: 2844: 2412: 2322:"Environmental pollution - Red Alert" 2066: 237: 27:UNESCO World Heritage Site in Vietnam 2632:Báo điện tử - Đảng cộng sản Việt Nam 2314: 1531:invaders' ships in the 13th century. 1204:Beginning of the late Holocene Epoch 636: 293:, climate, and cultural characters. 2400:from the original on 18 August 2006 2394:"Ecosystem of Ha Long Bay - Part 1" 2298:. www.daidoanket.vn. Archived from 672: 157: 24: 3106:Munster pilchard fishery 1570–1750 2739:from the original on 18 March 2020 2708:from the original on 18 March 2020 2638:from the original on 18 March 2020 1422: 1387:Hạ Long Bay was first listed as a 1358:With an increasing tourist trade, 822:, limestone and cement additives, 571:Làng Chài Floating Fishing Village 496:also live on some of the islands. 257:and popular travel destination in 166:Location of Hạ Long Bay in Vietnam 25: 3806: 3013:Puerto Princesa Underground River 2917:Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng National Park 2785: 2546:"No more jet-skis on Ha Long Bay" 2396:(in Vietnamese). 28 August 2007. 2228:. UNESCO World Heritage Committee 2183:Aspen Pflughoeft (29 June 2023). 2108:Geological History of Ha Long Bay 830:, quartzite of exogenous origin, 452:). There are two bigger islands, 349:: 下龍) means "descending dragon". 3780:Landforms of Quảng Ninh province 3624: 3144: 2930: 2803:The Emerald Isles of Hạ Long Bay 2770:from the original on 7 June 2020 2582:from the original on 7 June 2020 2526:from the original on 7 June 2020 2495:from the original on 7 June 2020 2483:Hoang Duong (15 November 2016). 2460:. 4 January 2008. Archived from 2359:from the original on 7 June 2020 2347:Hoang Duong (16 November 2016). 2013:"Cultural and Historical Values" 1502: 1354:A cruise ship docking in the bay 919:The first group consists of old 702: 640: 597:Soi Nhụ culture (16,000–5000 BC) 448:(as well as 19th-century French 317:marked some important events in 179: 156: 149: 3795:World Heritage Sites in Vietnam 3221:Morecambe Bay cockling disaster 2872:World Heritage Sites in Vietnam 2751: 2720: 2690: 2620: 2564: 2538: 2507: 2476: 2371: 2340: 2324:. December 2005. Archived from 2288: 2262: 2240: 2218: 2195: 2176: 2151: 2148:, Series B. No. 22/2003. p.1–18 2134: 2112: 2100: 2048: 2005: 1970: 1515:The inhabitants of the bay and 3770:Fishing communities in Vietnam 3236:Steveston Fisherman's Memorial 2378:Ha Long Bay: Mass coral deaths 2250:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 948:Timeline of geologic evolution 633:Hạ Long culture (2500–1500 BC) 625:Cái Bèo culture (5000–3000 BC) 364:Drone shot of limestone cliffs 33:Hạ Long Bay and Cát Bà Islands 13: 1: 3111:Pearling in Western Australia 3101:Migratory Fishery of Labrador 2727:Nguyễn Hùng (8 August 2019). 1716: 1427: 558: 3231:Moray Firth fishing disaster 3064:Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture 2758:Kiểu Dương (2 August 2019). 2082:Advances in Natural Sciences 1878:"Có một nền văn hóa Hạ Long" 1620:Currently, the expansion of 336: 7: 3785:Places with bioluminescence 3126:Scottish east coast fishery 3116:S'Argamassa Roman fish farm 3079:Fishery Protection Squadron 1689: 1527:commander in order to sink 1336:. A new species of sponge, 525: 418: 10: 3811: 3241:Stotfield fishing disaster 2922:Tràng An Landscape Complex 2202:Charles Sturt University. 2128:Engineering Geology Report 1407:2012 World Monuments Watch 1213: 1047:End of the Devonian Period 1021:End of the Silurian Period 993:End of the Cambrian Period 717:Accords de la baie d’Along 679:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288) 676: 583: 545: 40:UNESCO World Heritage Site 3711: 3633: 3622: 3276: 3272: 3257: 3204: 3153: 3142: 3049: 3045: 3032: 2979: 2928: 2888:Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty 2878: 2514:Duc Hieu (7 March 2017). 861:Karst geomorphology value 742:Geology and geomorphology 144: 105: 97: 85: 75: 71:Natural: vii, viii, ix, x 65: 55: 46: 37: 3716:List of fishing villages 3131:Traditional fishing boat 2893:Complex of Huế Monuments 2607:Tuoi Tre Online (repost) 2191:– via Yahoo! News. 1939:16 February 2009 at the 1910:20 February 2009 at the 1883:20 February 2009 at the 1858:20 February 2009 at the 1804:20 February 2009 at the 1640:and service activities, 1405:included the bay on the 1396:World Heritage Committee 503:Floating fishing village 3216:1959 Escuminac disaster 3136:Yorkshire coast fishery 2973:New 7 Wonders of Nature 1782:15 January 2009 at the 1758:15 January 2009 at the 1414:New 7 Wonders of Nature 1380:Awards and designations 1055:340,000,000–240,000,000 1029:420,000,000–340,000,000 1001:500,000,000–400,000,000 976:570,000,000–500,000,000 719:) by High Commissioner 306:, including a tropical 273:city, and is a part of 239:[vînˀhâːˀlawŋm] 3161:Bering Sea Arbitration 2807:NASA Earth Observatory 2119:Waltham, Tony (1998). 2106:Tran Duc Thanh, 1998. 1734:7 January 2009 at the 1602:Asian Development Bank 1569: 1512: 1458: 1355: 916: 904:Old karstic foot caves 870: 754: 593: 572: 504: 468: 428: 365: 329: 285:to the northeast, and 230: 187:This article contains 3668:Newfoundland outports 2998:Iguazu / Iguaçu Falls 1666:International tourism 1567: 1510: 1456: 1401:In October 2011, the 1353: 1224:Impatiens halongensis 1220:Livistona halongensis 1109:26,000,000–10,000,000 914: 868: 749: 605:), spring shellfish ( 591: 570: 502: 466: 438:Grotte des Merveilles 426: 363: 3760:ASEAN heritage parks 1839:www.quangninh.gov.vn 1677:Conservation Efforts 1403:World Monuments Fund 1346:Environmental damage 1228:Paraboea halongensis 891:fengcong and fenglin 878:in the bay, such as 3074:Fishing in Cornwall 2907:Hội An Ancient Town 2576:Vietnam News Agency 2550:Vietnam News Agency 2429:on 24 February 2009 2328:on 21 February 2009 2302:on 11 November 2011 1984:on 1 November 2013. 1560:Conservation Issues 1392:World Heritage Site 1339:Cladocroce pansinii 1304:), parapenaeopsis ( 259:Quảng Ninh province 255:World Heritage Site 125: / 34: 3191:Pacific Salmon War 3059:History of fishing 3039:History of fishing 2902:Cát Bà Archipelago 2634:. 15 August 2019. 2146:Journal of Geology 2041:, 1969, p. 52 (in 2019:on 2 February 2012 1628:, construction of 1570: 1513: 1459: 1356: 917: 907:Marine notch caves 871: 755: 736:United States Navy 652:. You can help by 594: 573: 505: 469: 429: 366: 319:Vietnamese history 32: 3747: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3546:Saint-Jean-de-Luz 3253: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3226:Eyemouth disaster 3026: 3025: 2984:Amazon rainforest 2939: 2938: 2835:978-604-913-063-2 2821:978-604-913-063-2 2704:. 8 August 2019. 2489:Tien Phong Online 2456:(Press release). 2381:Saigon Giai Phong 2353:Tien Phong Online 1626:population growth 1517:its adjacent city 1326:charonia tritonis 1211: 1210: 979:Beginning of the 847:calcium carbonate 709:new national flag 670: 669: 467:Fisherman's house 427:Thiên Cung grotto 195:rendering support 175: 174: 16:(Redirected from 3802: 3628: 3278:Fishing villages 3274: 3273: 3265:fishing villages 3259: 3258: 3148: 3047: 3046: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3029: 2966: 2959: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2934: 2912:Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary 2865: 2858: 2851: 2842: 2841: 2792:Official website 2780: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2677: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2552:. 15 August 2007 2542: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2480: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2464:on 28 March 2023 2450: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2425:. Archived from 2419: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2390: 2384: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2276:on 30 April 2013 2266: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2214:on 31 July 2008. 2210:. Archived from 2199: 2193: 2192: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2155: 2149: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2125: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2073: 2064: 2063: 2052: 2046: 2035: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2015:. Archived from 2009: 2003: 2002: 1995: 1986: 1985: 1980:. Archived from 1974: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1875: 1866: 1865: 1848: 1842: 1831: 1818: 1817: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1726: 1646:industrial waste 1610:overexploitation 1606:industrial waste 1144:Middle and late 1123:2,000,000–11,000 960: 959: 897:Remnants of old 876:karst topography 869:Limestone islets 673:Classical period 665: 662: 644: 637: 540:Vân Đồn District 518:within fengcong 332: 291:geomorphological 275:Vân Đồn district 249: 248: 247: 241: 236: 201: instead of 183: 182: 160: 159: 153: 140: 139: 137: 136: 135: 130: 126: 123: 122: 121: 118: 51: 41: 35: 31: 21: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3765:Bays of Vietnam 3750: 3749: 3748: 3735: 3707: 3678:Póvoa de Varzim 3629: 3620: 3406:Kaunolu Village 3268: 3267:and communities 3245: 3209: 3207: 3200: 3149: 3140: 3041: 3027: 3022: 2975: 2970: 2940: 2935: 2926: 2874: 2869: 2837:– in Vietnamese 2823:– in Vietnamese 2788: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2671: 2670: 2663: 2661: 2655: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2529: 2527: 2520:Tuoi Tre Online 2512: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2481: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2458:Radio Free Asia 2452: 2451: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2421: 2420: 2413: 2403: 2401: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2376: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2279: 2277: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2253: 2251: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2200: 2196: 2181: 2177: 2167: 2165: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2139: 2135: 2123: 2117: 2113: 2105: 2101: 2074: 2067: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2036: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2011: 2010: 2006: 1997: 1996: 1989: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1945:(in Vietnamese) 1944: 1941:Wayback Machine 1930: 1926: 1921:(in Vietnamese) 1920: 1917:Tuổi Trẻ Online 1912:Wayback Machine 1903: 1899: 1894:(in Vietnamese) 1893: 1890:Tuổi Trẻ Online 1885:Wayback Machine 1876: 1869: 1864:(in Vietnamese) 1863: 1860:Wayback Machine 1849: 1845: 1832: 1821: 1816:(in Vietnamese) 1815: 1811:Tuổi Trẻ Online 1806:Wayback Machine 1797: 1793: 1788:(in Vietnamese) 1787: 1784:Wayback Machine 1773: 1769: 1764:(in Vietnamese) 1763: 1760:Wayback Machine 1749: 1745: 1740:(in Vietnamese) 1739: 1736:Wayback Machine 1727: 1723: 1719: 1692: 1679: 1575: 1562: 1536:South China Sea 1505: 1494: 1492: 1457:View of the bay 1430: 1425: 1423:Popular culture 1382: 1348: 1216: 967:Geologic period 950: 863: 826:, silica sand, 804:Middle Holocene 744: 725:Nguyễn Văn Xuân 705: 685:Bạch Đằng River 681: 675: 666: 660: 657: 650:needs expansion 635: 627: 599: 586: 561: 548: 528: 492:, monkeys, and 421: 384:: attend upon, 339: 330:Lộ nhập Vân Đồn 283:Bai Tu Long Bay 243: 242: 234: 216: 215: 214: 193:Without proper 184: 180: 171: 170: 169: 168: 167: 163: 162: 161: 133: 131: 127: 124: 119: 116: 114: 112: 111: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3808: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3775:Gulf of Tonkin 3772: 3767: 3762: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3639: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3282: 3280: 3270: 3269: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3212: 3210: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3055: 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1175: 1174:Holocene Epoch 1172: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1096:Middle of the 1094: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1067: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1030: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1002: 998: 997: 994: 991: 988: 987: 984: 977: 973: 972: 969: 964: 949: 946: 909: 908: 905: 902: 862: 859: 776:foraminiferans 743: 740: 723:and President 721:Emile Bollaert 704: 701: 674: 671: 668: 667: 647: 645: 634: 631: 626: 623: 609:, also called 598: 595: 585: 582: 560: 557: 547: 544: 527: 524: 480:), Khi Islet ( 420: 417: 355:Hai Phong News 338: 335: 197:, you may see 185: 178: 177: 176: 173: 172: 165: 164: 155: 154: 148: 147: 146: 145: 142: 141: 129:20.9°N 107.2°E 109: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 69: 63: 62: 59: 53: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3807: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3755: 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2836: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2809:, May 7, 2022 2808: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2660: 2659:"sapa travel" 2653: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2608: 2604: 2597: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2567: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2479: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2428: 2424: 2418: 2416: 2399: 2395: 2389: 2383:July 25, 2006 2382: 2379: 2374: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2343: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2301: 2297: 2291: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2249: 2243: 2227: 2221: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2179: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2129: 2122: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2072: 2070: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1958: 1957:"Hạ Long Bay" 1952: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1901: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1847: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1771: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1747: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1729:Vịnh Hạ Long. 1725: 1721: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1596:province and 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1566: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1525:Trần Hưng Đạo 1522: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1509: 1503:Ancient tales 1500: 1498: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1467:Phạm Văn Đồng 1465: 1462: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1390: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1352: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1284:); cyclinae ( 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1249:flora; and 4 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1229: 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107.2 132: / 107:Coordinates 89:1994 (18th 86:Inscription 3754:Categories 3551:Saint Malo 3511:Portavogie 3506:Port Isaac 3486:Pittenweem 3426:Marsaxlokk 3196:Turbot War 2702:Vietnamnet 2254:18 January 2232:18 January 2208:csu.edu.au 2168:20 October 1717:References 1711:Matsushima 1594:Quang Ninh 1540:Lê Thái Tổ 1428:Literature 1308:), etc.); 1270:cuttlefish 1247:salt marsh 1234:plankton. 1131:Quaternary 1084:Cretaceous 1079:67,000,000 1005:Ordovician 843:denudation 812:anthracite 800:Quaternary 778:, corals, 774:, fishes, 753:formations 699:'s fleet. 677:See also: 559:Population 407:: dragon, 227:Vietnamese 223:Halong Bay 189:Vietnamese 101:2000, 2023 98:Extensions 18:Halong Bay 3643:Atlit Yam 3581:Suðureyri 3571:Steveston 3521:Portofino 3401:Huanchaco 3371:Gilleleje 3356:Elantxobe 3306:Bethsaida 3263:Historic 3208:memorials 3171:Crab Wars 3154:Conflicts 2764:VnExpress 2094:0866-708X 1642:household 1634:factories 1598:Hai Phong 1590:Hong Kong 1582:Hai Phong 1529:Mongolian 1443:Xuân Diệu 1360:mangroves 1298:panulirus 1098:Paleogene 963:Years ago 820:oil shale 490:antelopes 454:Tuần Châu 433:limestone 341:The name 337:Etymology 311:biosystem 308:evergreen 299:limestone 76:Reference 3721:Glossary 3703:more ... 3683:Sørvágur 3663:Makassan 3606:Vernazza 3566:Staithes 3556:Sayulita 3536:Sa Riera 3501:Polperro 3496:Po Toi O 3491:Plentzia 3461:Ondarroa 3446:Newhaven 3431:Moskenes 3421:Lekeitio 3386:Gümüşlük 3381:Guéthary 3336:Clovelly 3316:Cadgwith 3296:Ardglass 3291:Algajola 3166:Cod Wars 2768:Archived 2743:18 March 2737:Archived 2733:Lao Động 2712:18 March 2706:Archived 2674:cite web 2664:6 August 2642:18 March 2636:Archived 2586:14 March 2580:Archived 2556:14 March 2524:Archived 2493:Archived 2433:19 March 2404:12 March 2398:Archived 2357:Archived 2332:12 March 2163:Marriott 1962:24 April 1937:Archived 1908:Archived 1881:Archived 1856:Archived 1802:Archived 1780:Archived 1756:Archived 1732:Archived 1690:See also 1364:seagrass 1330:ốc tù và 1263:mammalia 1261:, and 4 1255:reptilia 1251:amphibia 1160:Holocene 1070:and the 1034:Devonian 1009:Silurian 981:Cambrian 942:Yangshuo 921:phreatic 899:phreatic 832:antimony 828:dolomite 784:Devonian 691:stopped 615:Hòa Bình 553:salinity 538:city to 526:Location 474:mollusks 450:graffiti 419:Overview 413:Móng Cái 380:island ( 120:107°12′E 67:Criteria 57:Location 3731:Outline 3688:Tlingit 3658:Lofoten 3596:Trinity 3591:Tilting 3576:Súðavík 3541:St Abbs 3526:Red Bay 3451:Nyksund 3441:Mutriku 3436:Mundaka 3416:Lamorna 3366:Getaria 3331:Ciboure 3326:Chorkor 3286:Akwidaa 3051:History 1696:El Nido 1671:islands 1650:fishing 1638:tourism 1578:Ha Long 1543:Turtle. 1479:Huy Cận 1449:world". 1332:); 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