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141:, a federal public works project to divert water from the Colorado River to the city of Phoenix. Tom Stewart, one of these young California skateboarders, looked for a more convenient location to have a similar skateboarding experience. Stewart consulted with his brother Mike, an architect, on how to build a ramp that resembled the Arizona pipes. With his brother's plans in hand, Tom built a wood frame half-pipe in the front yard of his house in Encinitas.
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their radius. Technical skaters use them for advanced flip tricks and spin maneuvers. Smaller transitions that maintain the steepness of their larger counterparts are commonly found in pools made for skating and in custom mini ramps. The difficulty of technical tricks is increased with the steepness, but the feeling of dropping in from the coping is preserved.
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117:, a half-pipe can be dug out of the ground or snow perhaps combined with snow buildup. The plane of the transition is oriented downhill at a slight grade to allow riders to use gravity to develop speed and facilitate drainage of melt. In the absence of snow, dug out half-pipes can be used by dirt-boarders, motorcyclists, and
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The standard design in the construction of ramps is to use a constant radius in transitions: Most of the ramps are built with a quarter circle of constant radius for easy construction, and this method is tried and true. But some of the best ramps are not constant radius but a roughly elliptical with
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Most commercial and contest ramps are surfaced by attaching sheets of some form of masonite to a frame. Many private ramps are surfaced in the same manner but may use plywood instead of masonite as surface material. Some ramps are constructed by spot-welding sheet metal to the frame, resulting in a
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Channels, extensions, and roll-ins are the basic ways to customize a ramp. Sometimes a section of the platform is cut away to form a roll-in and a channel to allow skaters to commence a ride without dropping in and perform tricks over the gap. Extensions are permanent or temporary additions to the
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Performance in a half-pipe has been rapidly increasing over recent years. The current limit performed by a top-level athlete for a rotational trick in a half-pipe is 1440 degrees (four full 360 degree rotations). In top level competitions, rotation is generally limited to emphasize style and flow.
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On half-pipes which are less than vertical, the height, typically between 50% and 75% of the radius, profoundly affects the ride up to and from the lip, and the speed at which tricks must be executed. Ramps near or below 0.91 m (3 ft) of height sometimes fall below 50% of the height of
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The character of a half-pipe depends on the relationship between four attributes: most importantly, the transition radius and the height, and less so, the degree of flat bottom and width. Extra width allows for longer slides and grinds. The flat bottom, while valued for recovery time, serves no
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Half-pipe applications include leisure recreation, skills development, competitive training, amateur and professional competition, demonstrations, and as an adjunct to other types of skills training. A skilled athlete can perform in a half-pipe for an extended period of time by
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fastener-free surface. Recent developments in technology have produced various versions of improved masonite substances such as
Skatelite, RampArmor, and HARD-Nox. These ramp surfaces are far more expensive than traditional materials.
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In a few days, the press had gotten word about Tom's creation and contacted him directly. Tom then went on to create
Rampage, Inc. and began selling blueprints for his half-pipe design. About five months later,
313:. One current method of half-pipe cutting is by use of a Zaugg Pipe Monster, which uses five snow-cutting edges to create an elliptical shape that is purportedly safer and allows the rider to gain more speed.
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purpose if it is longer than it needs to be. Thus, it is the ratio between height and transition radius that determines the personality of a given ramp, because the ratio determines the angle of the lip.
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The structure resembles a cross-section of a swimming pool, essentially two concave ramps (or quarter-pipes), topped by copings and decks, facing each other across a flat transition, also known as a
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between the quarter-pipes. The original style half-pipes are no longer built. Flat ground provides time to regain balance after landing and more time to prepare for the next trick.
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137:, and other northern San Diego County communities began using 7.3-meter-diameter (24 ft) water pipes in the central Arizona desert associated with the
324:, Switzerland. With a height of 6.90 m (22.6 ft), this halfpipe has held the world record since the 2014–2015 season, and regularly hosts the
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Half-pipes in snow were originally done in large part by hand or with heavy machinery. Pipes were cut into snow using an apparatus similar to a
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The design is supposed to allow for easy big air with return still on the curve and less danger of landing on the flat ("bottoming out").
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Creating a spine ramp is another variation of the half-pipe. A spine ramp is basically two quarter pipes connected at the vertical edge.
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In the early 1970s, swimming pools were used by skateboarders in a manner similar to surfing ocean waves. In 1975, some teenagers from
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74:. Originally half-pipes were half sections of a large diameter pipe. Since the 1980s, half-pipes contain an extended
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profile will theoretically give the fastest half-pipe if friction is neglected. It is then called a
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or
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38 × 140 × 184 mm) framework sheathed in plywood finished with sheets of
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609:"Joffrey Pollet-Villard breaks world record for ski superpipe high air"
320:. The tallest snow superpipe in the world (as of 2021) is located near
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Skateboarding, freestyle BMX, scootering, and aggressive inline skating
431:"Warren Bolster "Master of Skateboard Photography" Image: Tom Stewart"
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The current world record for highest jump in a half-pipe is held by
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to attain extreme speeds with relatively little effort. Large (high
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530:"The Dragon Lives On: Pipe Dragon inventor Doug Waugh passes away"
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In winter sports, a 6.7 m (22 ft) halfpipe is called a
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FIS Freestyle Ski and
Snowboarding World Championships in 2015
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98:) half-pipes make possible many of the aerial tricks in BMX,
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585:"Valentino Guseli sets world record in the LAAX superpipe"
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560:"This Snow-Chomping Beast Cuts Half-Pipes For Breakfast"
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Human
Kinetics (Organization); Hanlon, T.W. (2009).
240:half-pipes frequently consist of a 2×6×8" lumber (
232:during the first skateboard free practice session
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151:magazine featured both Tom Stewart and Rampage.
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354:Quarterpipe at XLETIX running race in Germany
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488:. Engineeringcalculator.net. Archived from
236:Frame and support for skateboard, BMX, and
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433:. Concrete Wave Editions (February 2005).
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681:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms
305:created the Pipe Dragon used in both the
30:Vert ramp with vert, transition, and flat
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536:. February 29, 2000. Archived from
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465:from the original on April 7, 2014
387:Sports Rules Book-3rd Edition, The
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447:from the original on 2013-06-23.
390:. Human Kinetics. p. 206.
38:is a structure used in gravity
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19:For the roller coaster, see
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190:Construction of a cycloid
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274:) Manhattan, NYC - 2019
16:Structure used in sports
1358:Skateboarding equipment
534:Transworld Snowboarding
163:Mini ramp (no vertical)
139:Central Arizona Project
516:July 16, 2006, at the
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336:Joffrey Pollet-Villard
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62:, and scooter riding.
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1368:Sports venues by type
1322:Category:Snowboarding
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230:Boardmasters Festival
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205:brachistochrone curve
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135:Encinitas, California
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29:
1042:Technique / learning
772:Cross-country skiing
706:Cross-country skiing
311:2002 Winter Olympics
176:somewhat less final
809:Olympic disciplines
589:www.boardriding.com
365:Glossary of cycling
268:Riverside Skatepark
1343:Aggressive skating
1140:List of ski brands
912:Ski mountaineering
867:Para-alpine skiing
777:Backcountry skiing
492:on August 23, 2014
459:"Vert ramp design"
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301:. Colorado farmer
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845:Other disciplines
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676:History of skiing
540:on August 3, 2009
293:Half-pipe in snow
85:Half-pipe diagram
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1363:Snowboarding
1290:Surface lift
1268:Gondola lift
1180:
1089:Skate skiing
1017:
985:Snowboarding
902:Night skiing
885:Other skiing
872:Speed skiing
857:Glade skiing
821:Giant slalom
765:Recreational
746:Ski marathon
665:snowboarding
617:. Retrieved
615:. 2015-03-19
612:
603:
592:. Retrieved
588:
579:
568:. Retrieved
566:. 2013-01-27
563:
554:
542:. Retrieved
538:the original
524:
506:
494:. Retrieved
490:the original
479:
469:December 22,
467:. Retrieved
453:
408:December 22,
406:. Retrieved
386:
379:
330:
315:
296:
272:Andy Kessler
258:
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238:vert skating
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228:at the 2010
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180:(vertical).
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148:Skateboarder
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115:snowboarding
108:
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44:snowboarding
35:
33:
1285:Hybrid lift
1049:Carved turn
998:Backcountry
907:Ski archery
756:Ski touring
718:Ski jumping
699:Competitive
299:grain auger
195:Mathematics
76:flat bottom
1337:Categories
1246:detachable
1213:Snowmaking
1203:Ski tunnel
1079:Ski school
1069:Snowplough
1064:Pivot turn
1023:Slopestyle
1008:Freeriding
975:Slopestyle
965:Ski ballet
950:Freeskiing
945:Freeriding
862:Heliskiing
723:Ski flying
711:Paralympic
619:2021-06-24
594:2021-06-24
570:2022-12-28
486:"RampCalc"
440:0973528613
371:References
303:Doug Waugh
215:See also:
1253:Funicular
1241:Chairlift
1228:Ski lifts
1186:Superpipe
1181:Half-pipe
1169:amenities
1147:Snowboard
1098:Equipment
1054:Jump turn
1018:Half-pipe
1013:Freestyle
970:Ski cross
787:Skijoring
739:Endurance
613:FREESKIER
511:Skatelite
318:superpipe
226:Vert ramp
217:Vert ramp
96:amplitude
36:half-pipe
1278:tricable
1198:Ski area
1105:Bindings
892:Biathlon
836:Combined
831:Downhill
544:June 13,
514:Archived
496:April 3,
463:Archived
445:Archived
402:Archived
346:See also
246:masonite
66:Overview
42:such as
1273:bicable
1263:Funitel
1258:Funifor
1120:Monoski
1003:Big air
940:Big air
826:Super-G
564:Gizmodo
484:Lutzy.
201:cycloid
100:skating
92:pumping
60:skating
1167:Resort
1115:Helmet
993:Alpine
816:Slalom
661:Skiing
437:
394:
328:Open.
242:actual
155:Design
129:Origin
72:tranny
52:skiing
1218:Trail
1193:Piste
1130:Skins
1125:Poles
1110:Boots
960:Mogul
1152:Suit
1135:Skis
663:and
546:2011
498:2014
471:2014
435:ISBN
410:2014
392:ISBN
326:LAAX
322:Laax
309:and
307:1998
178:vert
113:and
102:and
1157:Wax
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199:A
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653:e
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