222:
in his father's time knew him. The ruler, or at least his secretary, was unclear which country
Victoria was queen over. As for the return of the coins, Rubenson believes "it is more likely that the King was prevented from accepting the gift by the same anti-European forces that had compelled Krapf and Harris to give up Shewa. Whatever the reason, the incident shows how difficult it was to create confidence and establish anything resembling ordinary diplomatic relations."
237:, which lay between him and Tewodros, but as Abir notes, he "was not made of the same stuff his father was, and could not provide the same inspiring leadership which had made Showa strong in the past." The Shewan army failed to provide any effective help to the Oromo leaders in Wollo, and with an army of 50,000 men, Tewodros crushed his divided opposition. After a pause for the rainy season, Tewodros then entered northern Shewa in 1855.
20:
256:(respectively widow and mother of the late Sahle Selassie) had crossed to the camp of Tewodros II and paid him homage in exchange for a guarantee that their personal lands would not be touched. A despondent Hailemelekot made a few skirmishes against Tewodros' forces, then destroyed his food stores and his capital of
221:
Rubenson interprets this communication as evidence of Shewan "aloofness and suspicion" of
European attention. He notes that the letter was sent not under the royal name of Hailemelekot, but as "Basad Wirad", the name he used before his coronation, and was most familiar to the Europeans visiting Shewa
217:
responded on 4 July 1849 that Shewa lay too far away to send any workmen "and, moreover, the workmen in her dominions are at present much employed." With this letter a chest containing 300 sovereigns was sent; this gift was returned with a second letter containing the accusation that the coins were
101:
diplomatic mission to Sahle
Selassie's court, both Hailemelekot and Sayfu stayed at different monasteries, pursuing a traditional church education. Each was attended by a eunuch, a nurse, and guardians, whose task was to supervise and discipline. In addition to their academic studies, the boys were
287:
In an interesting postscript, Tewodros II is said to have disbelieved that
Hailemelekot was really dead and demanded that his body be disinterred. When he saw the body of the dead king, the Emperor is said to have wept for him, saying it was a shame that illness should deny a brave man such as the
189:
notes that "little is known or remembered of the reign of Sahle
Selassie's son, except for its end." While he is likely correct in stating that this lack of information "leads one to believe that his reign was undistinguished", one brief letter of Hailemelekot survives, undated but written in the
151:, and it was widely rumored that he would make his younger son his heir. However, Sahle Selassie publicly announced that his oldest son Hailemelekot would inherit the kingdom, had Sayfu swear to abide by this decision, and although mortally ill shortly before his death travelled to
275:, where they were defeated by a detachment of Tewodros' troops under Ras Ingida. Accepting that further resistance was not possible, they delivered Menelik, the son and heir of Hailemelekot, to Tewodros. Emperor Tewodros appointed Hailemelekot's brother
134:
descent due to the etymological roots of her forefathers’ names. He divorced
Ejigayehu in less than a year, and in May 1845 he married his second wife, Woizero Tideneqialesh, who was a former wife of a court official.
233:, a regional lord of Gondar, who successfully concluding the process of defeating the remaining local rulers (princes) of Ethiopia and reuniting Ethiopia. Hailemelekot allied himself with the Oromo in the province
213:, with a verbal message by the courier asking for skilled workmen. Misunderstanding the intent of this letter (and not for the last time the British government misunderstood Ethiopian customs),
319:
is according to one version of history a natural son of Sahle
Selassie born almost two decades earlier than Hailemelekot, though there are other versions of history which put this in doubt.
209:
In this letter, Hailemelekot refers to the friendship between the United
Kingdom and Shewa, asks why they did not send a servant on his father's death to bring condolences and for 1,500
111:
102:
trained in horsemanship and the various arts of war. They followed a rigorous timetable, studying, practising with shield and spear, attending church service, fasting, and praying.
87:
202:, who was on his way to Jerusalem; the pilgrim also informed the consul that a gift consisting of 26 elephant tusks and 31 rhinoceros horns were en route to the British at
170:. Only the loyalty of some of the other Oromo chiefs and the Shewan supply of firearms saved the capital. Hailemelekot afterwards managed to persuade the meet with him at
158:
Nonetheless, in
Mordechai Abir's words, Sahle Selassie's death "was a signal for a blood bath which surpassed anything that ever occurred in the annals of Showa." The
148:
83:
174:, where he persuaded them to end their revolt. By the beginning of 1848, he was firmly in control of his kingdom, and even organized a campaign against the
86:
who is three or four years younger. He had numerous half-siblings as his father had other children by his numerous concubines, among them his half-brothers
252:) went over to Tewodros' side. Rebellious Oromo burned Angolalla. The Negus of Shewa was horrified to learn that his mother Bezabish and his grandmother
249:
265:
240:
By this point
Hailemelekot was discouraged and gravely sick. His brother Seyfe, dissatisfied with his indecision, led the army south from Wollo to
195:
276:
171:
288:
King of Shewa, the honor of falling in battle. He ordered that Hailemelekot be re-buried with all the pomp and ceremony due to a king.
261:
206:. Although it was agreed that the pilgrim would stop on his return travel to pick up the British response, he was never seen again.
406:
371:
248:, abandoning Hailemelekot. The local governors were no match for the Emperor, and either were defeated or (like the governor of
681:
341:"Four Ethiopian Biographies: Däjjazmač Gärmamé, Däjjazmač Gäbrä-Egzi'abehér Moroda, Däjjazmač Balča and Käntiba Gäbru Dästa"
449:
540:
This correspondence, with a discussion by Richard Pankhurst, has been published in David L. Appleyard (translator),
525:
Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769-1855)
218:
not made of gold but brass, and concluding, "Even if our friendship is gone, let there not be enmity between us."
615:
416:
381:
98:
676:
297:
230:
648:
119:
115:
186:
671:
666:
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91:
8:
352:
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Harold Marcus merely states that a Ge'ez manuscript written in Gondar, and now at the
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445:
422:
412:
387:
377:
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was still nominally the liege lord of the King of Shewa) came to the attention of
640:
272:
214:
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Inevitably, Hailemelekot's semi-independent kingdom (the Emperor of Ethiopia in
633:
191:
123:
75:
51:
29:
660:
493:
426:
391:
127:
55:
257:
159:
152:
131:
483:
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to keep it out of Tewodros' hands. He died of his illness in the town of
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whom he married in 1844 in order to legitimize their one child, baptised
356:
340:
147:
in 1847. It was well known that Sahle Selassie favored his younger son,
253:
175:
162:
rose in open revolt, attempting to recover control of the district of
468:, pp. 16f), including "a persistent rumor" that Ijigayehu had been a
198:, it was delivered by an Ethiopian pilgrim to the British consul at
110:
Hailemelekot's first wife was probably a palace servant by the name
178:, who had been raiding the south-western parts of Shewa for years.
143:
Hailemelekot was known as Lij Besha Warad before he became king of
82:
Wolde. Hailemelekot had 5 full siblings, 4 sisters and one brother
79:
74:
royal descent. Hailemelekot is the oldest son of the King of Shewa
59:
44:
583:
316:
245:
167:
163:
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where he asked his vassal lords to remain loyal to Hailemelekot.
71:
47:, from 12 October 1847 until his death. He was the oldest son of
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Letters from Ethiopian Rulers (Early and Mid-Nineteenth Century)
19:
618:
in Addis Ababa, reports Tewodros attended his funeral. Marcus,
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226:
485:
Greater Ethiopia : the evolution of a multiethnic society
271:
A handful of Shewan nobles fought on, until a final battle in
234:
199:
144:
40:
35:
505:
503:
408:
The Life and times of Menelik II : Ethiopia, 1844-1913
373:
The Life and times of Menelik II : Ethiopia, 1844-1913
241:
203:
194:, Queen of the Ferangi" – i.e. the Europeans. According to
488:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 158.
500:
279:
governor, and the independence of Shewa came to an end.
604:. Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University. p. 53.
126:. Her background is disputed; some believe she was of
442:
The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia 1844-1913
658:
544:(Oxford: British Academy, 1985), pp. 79-84.
16:Ethiopian noble; King of Shewa from 1847 to 1855
552:
550:
547:
444:. Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press. p. 16.
351:(2). Institute of Ethiopian Studies: 1–10.
166:and came close to capturing the capital of
376:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 12-18.
264:, and was hastily buried at Debre Gage in
536:
534:
65:
599:
130:origin, while others believe she was of
18:
560:(Hollywood: Tsehai, 2003), p. 164.
411:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 12.
659:
558:The Survival of Ethiopian Independence
531:
481:
439:
404:
369:
582:One source identifies the illness as
338:
522:
602:King of Kings: Tewodros of Ethiopia
464:Marcus lists the numerous stories (
33:(1824 – 9 November 1855) was
13:
14:
693:
190:spring of 1849 and addressed to "
527:. London: Longmans. p. 178.
138:
608:
593:
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616:Institute of Ethiopian Studies
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475:
458:
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332:
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58:noblemen and his wife Woizero
1:
682:19th-century Ethiopian people
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345:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
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7:
291:
88:Haile Mikael Sahle Selassie
10:
698:
440:Marcus, Harold G. (1995).
645:
638:
630:
405:Marcus, Harold G (1975).
370:Marcus, Harold G (1975).
99:William Cornwallis Harris
43:, a historical region of
523:Abir, Mordechai (1968).
303:
181:
600:Rubenson, Sven (1966).
482:Levine, Donald (2000).
298:List of rulers of Shewa
66:Lineage and early life
24:
339:TAFLA, BAIRU (1969).
22:
149:Sayfu Sahle Selassie
92:Darge Sahle Selassie
84:Sayfu Sahle Selassie
25:
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646:Succeeded by
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631:Preceded by
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187:Harold G. Marcus
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641:Rulers of Shewa
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215:Lord Palmerston
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17:
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5:
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634:Sahle Selassie
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590:, p. 18).
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573:, p. 180.
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124:Sahle Selassie
118:, was renamed
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76:Sahle Selassie
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52:Sahle Selassie
30:Sahle Selassie
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139:Rise to power
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54:an important
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28:Hailemelekot
21:
649:Sahle Mariam
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277:Haile Mikael
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258:Debre Berhan
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185:
160:Abichu Oromo
157:
153:Debre Berhan
142:
116:Sahle Mariam
109:
96:
78:and Woizero
69:
48:
34:
27:
26:
23:Hailemelekot
672:1855 deaths
667:1824 births
231:Tewodros II
106:Descendants
661:Categories
620:Menelik II
588:Menelik II
511:Menelik II
466:Menelik II
418:0198216742
383:0198216742
327:References
254:Zenebework
176:Arsi Oromo
586:(Marcus,
494:963878605
427:462193050
392:462193050
283:Aftermath
172:Angolalla
122:by Negus
112:Ejigayehu
571:Ethiopia
509:Marcus,
357:41965786
292:See also
244:then to
192:Victoria
80:Bezabish
60:Bezabish
45:Ethiopia
622:, p. 19
584:malaria
513:, p. 13
317:Garmame
262:Atakelt
246:Tegulet
211:Thalers
168:Ankober
164:Tegulet
120:Menelik
97:During
62:Wolde.
569:Abir,
492:
472:slave.
470:Gurage
448:
425:
415:
390:
380:
355:
250:Efrata
227:Gondar
128:Gurage
72:Amhara
56:Amhara
353:JSTOR
304:Notes
273:Bulga
235:Wollo
200:Cairo
182:Reign
145:Shewa
132:Oromo
49:Negus
41:Shewa
36:Negus
490:OCLC
446:ISBN
423:OCLC
413:ISBN
388:OCLC
378:ISBN
266:Tara
242:Menz
204:Aden
90:and
70:Of
39:of
663::
549:^
533:^
502:^
421:.
386:.
347:.
343:.
268:.
94:.
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359:.
349:7
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