178:
40:
747:
303:, accused of being involved in the bombing, was murdered in December 2015 in front of his home in the Dutch town of Almere. Kolahi was living in the Netherlands under false identity of Ali Motamed as a refugee, was married to an Afghan woman and had a 17-year-old son. Iran denied its involvement in the murder.
234:
According to Tasnim, it is not possible that MEK were solely responsible for the incident, and the bomb had been transmitted to Iran or built by military technicians in the country, with the help of
Western and Israeli spy services. In other words, the United States and Israel, with the sophisticated
841:
The MEK instigated a bombing campaign, including an attack against the head office of the
Islamic Republic Party and the Prime Minister's office, which killed some 70 high-ranking Iranian officials, including Chief Justice Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti...These attacks resulted in a popular uprising
1062:
212:, the Mujahedin were "generally perceived as the culprits" for the bombing in Iran. The Mujahedin never publicly confirmed or denied any responsibility for the deed. They stated that the attack was "a natural and necessary reaction to the regime's atrocities."
473:
231:. Kolahi had secured a job in the building disguised as a sound engineer. Iran accused Kolahi of being a member of the MEK. But one Iranian dissident said the government did not find him having any organizational links.
238:
Several years later, Iran executed four "Iraqi agents" for the bombing. In 1985, Iranian military intelligence stated that the bombing was not conducted by the MEK but by pro-monarchy officers in the
Iranian army.
265:
According to
Kenneth Katzman, "there has been much speculation among academics and observers that these bombings may have actually been planned by senior IRP leaders, to rid themselves of rivals within the IRP."
500:
703:
797:
The MEK initially aligned with the
Islamic Revolution but split from the regime in 1981 and bombed the headquarters of the Islamic Republic Party, killing 70 high ranking Iranian officials.
273:
Country report says that "In 1981, the MEK detonated bombs in the head office of the
Islamic Republic Party and the Premier's office, killing some 70 high-ranking Iranian officials."
276:
Assassinations of "leading officials and active supporters of the regime by the
Mujahedin were to continue for the next year or two," though they failed to overthrow the government.
443:
1007:
997:
707:
341:
819:
The
Mojahedin continued their activities against the Islamists' hold on power, and in June 1981 they killed seventy key members of the Islamic Republic Party
169:
was accused by
Khomeini of being behind the attack. Several non-Iranian sources also believe the bombing was conducted by the People's Mujahedin of Iran.
1027:
527:
252:
959:
262:, "whatever the truth, the Islamic Republic used the incident to wage war on the Left opposition in general and the Mojahedin in particular."
685:
1052:
917:
1047:
722:
863:
666:
630:
510:
483:
453:
620:
1017:
814:
557:
235:
technology of that day, designed the bomb and plan of operation then presented the bomb and plan to MEK for operating.
370:
1037:
270:
17:
347:
192:, four cabinet ministers (health, transport, telecommunications and energy ministers), twenty-seven members of the
1032:
1022:
992:
224:
166:
585:
1042:
1057:
854:
Kenneth
Katzman (2001). "Iran: The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran". In Albert V. Benliot (ed.).
255:, turned Iranian public opinion against the MEK and expanded Iranian government crackdown on the group.
189:
836:
535:
421:
247:
Many scholarly sources believe the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) was responsible for the bombing.
842:
against the MEK and expanded Iranian government crackdown which forced MEK leaders to flee to France.
1012:
1002:
139:
131:
77:
793:
Conflict in the Modern Middle East: An Encyclopedia of Civil War, Revolutions, and Regime Change
188:
On 28 June 1981, the Hafte Tir bombing occurred, killing the chief justice and party secretary
1063:
Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War involving the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
300:
228:
879:
227:(MEK) was blamed. On 6 July, the bomber was finally identified as a 23-year-old man named
223:
and Iraq were immediately held responsible by Iranian authorities, but two days later the
138:, while a meeting of party leaders was in progress. Seventy-four leading officials of the
8:
777:
182:
197:
150:
39:
859:
662:
626:
506:
479:
449:
259:
248:
162:
154:
146:
401:
317:
115:
111:
938:
723:"Death of an electrician: how luck run out for dissident who fled Iran in 1981"
558:"Q&A: what is the MEK and why did the US call it a terrorist organisation?"
312:
90:
475:
Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East: Continuity and change
986:
208:
Khomeini accused the PMOI to be responsible and, according to BBC journalist
562:
378:
107:
27:
1981 attack in Tehran, Iran, on the Islamic Republican Party headquarters
472:
S. Ismael, Jacqueline; Perry, Glenn; Y. Ismael, Tareq (5 October 2015).
209:
880:"Background Information on Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
622:
Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat that Grows While America Sleeps
143:
584:
Goulka, Jeremiah; Larson, Judith; Wilke, Elizabeth; Hansell, Lydia.
960:"Another Twist In Mysterious Murder Of 1981 Tehran Bombing Suspect"
830:
215:
686:"IRANIAN GOVERNMENT EXECUTES 27 IN CRACKDOWN ON LEFTIST GROUPS"
289:
193:
135:
53:
771:
177:
220:
158:
791:
Mark David Luce and Ali A Omani. Jonathan K. Zartman (ed.).
365:
363:
790:
285:
57:
360:
295:
502:
Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia
471:
130:), a powerful bomb went off at the headquarters of the
1008:
Attacks on government buildings and structures in Iran
897:
583:
939:"The story behind Iran's 'murder plot' in Denmark"
748:"ابهاماتی از حادثه هفت تیر که هرگز پاسخ داده نشد!"
284:To commemorate the event several public places in
181:Hafte Tir bombing victims mausoleum, designed by
149:, who was the second most powerful figure in the
998:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1981
984:
448:. Cambridge University Press 2013. p. 167.
853:
216:Iranian investigation and judicial proceedings
933:
931:
831:Anthony H. Cordesman, Adam C. Seitz (2009).
340:"Religion in Iran – Terror and Repression",
253:1981 Iranian Prime Minister's office bombing
808:
740:
656:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
618:
528:"ROLE AND EVOLUTION OF THE MOJAHEDIN E-KA"
38:
954:
952:
928:
856:Iran: Outlaw, Outcast, Or Normal Country?
467:
465:
335:
333:
292:and other cities are named “Hafte Tir”.
176:
1028:History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
772:Barry Rubin, Judith Colp Rubin (2015).
639:
555:
492:
437:
435:
200:, and many other government officials.
157:). The Iranian government first blamed
14:
985:
949:
847:
720:
680:
678:
612:
498:
462:
441:
416:
414:
406:The Vanderbilt Television News Archive
330:
203:
445:Petro-Aggression: When Oil Causes War
396:
394:
296:Assassination of Mohammad-Reza Kolahi
251:writes that this bombing, along with
142:were killed, including Chief Justice
659:Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin
577:
556:McGreal, Chris (21 September 2012).
432:
1053:Terrorist incidents in Iran in 1981
907:, Thomas Dunne Books, (2001), p.243
833:Iranian Weapons of Mass Destruction
815:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
675:
609:, Thomas Dunne Books (2001), p. 241
411:
119:
24:
721:Boffey, Daniel (14 January 2019).
391:
165:. Two days later, on 30 June, the
25:
1074:
661:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 219–220.
525:
499:Newton, Michael (17 April 2014).
478:. Routledge (2015). p. 181.
1048:20th-century mass murder in Iran
858:. Nova Publishers. p. 101.
774:Chronologies of Modern Terrorism
442:Colgan, Jeff (31 January 2013).
279:
964:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
910:
872:
824:
802:
784:
765:
714:
696:
599:
505:. ABC-CLIO (2014). p. 27.
549:
519:
13:
1:
323:
346:(FAQ), About, archived from
242:
7:
657:Abrahamian, Ervand (1989).
377:, June 1981, archived from
306:
288:including major squares in
190:Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti
44:Martyrs of 7th Tir on stamp
10:
1079:
619:O'Hern, Steven K. (2012).
225:People's Mujahedin of Iran
172:
167:People's Mujahedin of Iran
1018:Building bombings in Iran
402:"Iran ABC News broadcast"
96:
84:
73:
63:
49:
37:
32:
1038:June 1981 events in Asia
586:"The MEK in Iraq (2009)"
271:U.S. department of state
140:Islamic Republic of Iran
132:Islamic Republican Party
69:20:20 local time (UTC+3)
422:"Enemies of the Clergy"
1033:Assassinations in Iran
1023:1981 building bombings
185:
180:
993:1981 murders in Iran
778:Taylor & Francis
301:Mohammad-Reza Kolahi
229:Mohammad Reza Kolahi
1043:Mass murder in 1981
817:. p. 115-116.
704:"(Persian website)"
204:Immediate aftermath
183:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
106:On 28 June 1981 (7
1058:1981 controversies
690:The New York Times
198:Mohammad Montazeri
186:
151:Iranian Revolution
945:, 31 October 2018
865:978-1-56072-954-9
710:on June 28, 2009.
668:978-1-85043-077-3
632:978-1-59797-701-2
625:. Potomac Books.
512:978-1-61069-286-1
485:978-1-317-66283-9
455:978-1-107-02967-5
260:Ervand Abrahamian
249:Anthony Cordesman
155:Ruhollah Khomeini
153:(after Ayatollah
147:Mohammad Beheshti
104:
103:
33:Hafte Tir bombing
18:Hafte Tir bombing
16:(Redirected from
1070:
975:
974:
973:
971:
956:
947:
946:
935:
926:
925:
914:
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894:
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851:
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828:
822:
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809:Shireen Hunter.
806:
800:
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788:
782:
781:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
744:
738:
737:
735:
733:
718:
712:
711:
706:. Archived from
700:
694:
693:
682:
673:
672:
654:
637:
636:
616:
610:
603:
597:
596:
590:
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
553:
547:
546:
544:
543:
534:. Archived from
523:
517:
516:
496:
490:
489:
469:
460:
459:
439:
430:
429:
418:
409:
408:
398:
389:
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367:
358:
357:
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355:
337:
318:Hassan Abbaspour
129:
121:
112:Iranian calendar
42:
30:
29:
21:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1013:Crime in Tehran
1003:1980s in Tehran
983:
982:
979:
978:
969:
967:
958:
957:
950:
937:
936:
929:
916:
915:
911:
902:
898:
888:
886:
878:
877:
873:
866:
852:
848:
839:. p. 326.
829:
825:
807:
803:
795:. p. 209.
789:
785:
770:
766:
756:
754:
746:
745:
741:
731:
729:
719:
715:
702:
701:
697:
684:
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676:
669:
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640:
633:
617:
613:
604:
600:
588:
582:
578:
568:
566:
554:
550:
541:
539:
526:Pedde, Nicola.
524:
520:
513:
497:
493:
486:
470:
463:
456:
440:
433:
420:
419:
412:
400:
399:
392:
384:
382:
371:"Eighties club"
369:
368:
361:
353:
351:
339:
338:
331:
326:
309:
298:
282:
245:
218:
206:
175:
123:
91:Suicide bombing
87:
68:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
977:
976:
948:
927:
909:
896:
871:
864:
846:
823:
801:
783:
780:. p. 246.
764:
739:
713:
695:
692:. 7 July 1981.
674:
667:
638:
631:
611:
598:
576:
548:
518:
511:
491:
484:
461:
454:
431:
428:, 20 July 1981
410:
390:
375:The Daily News
359:
328:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
315:
313:Mahmoud Ghandi
308:
305:
297:
294:
281:
278:
244:
241:
217:
214:
205:
202:
174:
171:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
88:
85:
82:
81:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1075:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
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1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
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1001:
999:
996:
994:
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990:
988:
981:
966:, 30 May 2018
965:
961:
955:
953:
944:
940:
934:
932:
923:
919:
918:"Google Maps"
913:
906:
903:Moin, Baqer,
900:
885:
884:www.state.gov
881:
875:
867:
861:
857:
850:
843:
838:
834:
827:
820:
816:
812:
805:
798:
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787:
779:
775:
768:
753:
749:
743:
728:
724:
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709:
705:
699:
691:
687:
681:
679:
670:
664:
660:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
634:
628:
624:
623:
615:
608:
605:Moin, Baqer,
602:
594:
587:
580:
565:
564:
559:
552:
538:on 2018-06-12
537:
533:
529:
522:
514:
508:
504:
503:
495:
487:
481:
477:
476:
468:
466:
457:
451:
447:
446:
438:
436:
427:
423:
417:
415:
407:
403:
397:
395:
381:on 2018-10-03
380:
376:
372:
366:
364:
350:on 2014-07-05
349:
345:
344:
336:
334:
329:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
304:
302:
293:
291:
287:
280:Commemoration
277:
274:
272:
267:
263:
261:
258:According to
256:
254:
250:
240:
236:
232:
230:
226:
222:
213:
211:
201:
199:
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191:
184:
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137:
133:
128:
127:
117:
113:
109:
99:
95:
92:
89:
83:
79:
76:
72:
67:28 June 1981
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
980:
968:, retrieved
963:
942:
921:
912:
904:
899:
887:. Retrieved
883:
874:
855:
849:
840:
832:
826:
818:
811:Iran Divided
810:
804:
796:
792:
786:
773:
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:
742:
730:. Retrieved
727:the guardian
726:
716:
708:the original
698:
689:
658:
621:
614:
606:
601:
592:
579:
569:21 September
567:. Retrieved
563:The Guardian
561:
551:
540:. Retrieved
536:the original
532:ojs.uniroma1
531:
521:
501:
494:
474:
444:
425:
405:
383:, retrieved
379:the original
374:
352:, retrieved
348:the original
342:
299:
283:
275:
268:
264:
257:
246:
237:
233:
219:
207:
196:, including
187:
163:Iraqi regime
125:
124:
110:1360 in the
105:
922:Google Maps
889:10 December
86:Attack type
987:Categories
752:tasnimnews
732:14 January
542:2019-06-01
385:2007-12-23
354:2007-12-23
324:References
210:Baqer Moin
269:The 2006
243:Aftermath
144:Ayatollah
134:(IRP) in
126:Hafte Tir
905:Khomeini
607:Khomeini
307:See also
161:and the
50:Location
837:Praeger
757:29 June
343:Atheism
173:Bombing
120:هفت تیر
116:Persian
80:leaders
970:1 June
862:
665:
629:
509:
482:
452:
290:Tehran
194:Majlis
136:Tehran
97:Deaths
74:Target
54:Tehran
589:(PDF)
221:SAVAK
159:SAVAK
972:2018
891:2018
860:ISBN
759:2017
734:2019
663:ISBN
627:ISBN
593:rand
571:2012
507:ISBN
480:ISBN
450:ISBN
426:Time
286:Iran
64:Date
58:Iran
943:BBC
108:Tir
78:IRP
989::
962:,
951:^
941:,
930:^
920:.
882:.
835:.
813:.
776:.
750:.
725:.
688:.
677:^
641:^
591:.
560:.
530:.
464:^
434:^
424:,
413:^
404:,
393:^
373:,
362:^
332:^
122:,
118::
114:;
100:74
56:,
924:.
893:.
868:.
761:.
736:.
671:.
635:.
595:.
573:.
545:.
515:.
488:.
458:.
20:)
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