582:), in good channel conditions with low correlation between transmit antennas. Although, real speeds are far lower. Besides the throughput gain from doubling the number of cells to be used, some diversity and joint scheduling gains can also be achieved. The QoS (Quality of Service) can be particularly improved for end users in poor radio reception where they cannot benefit from the other WCDMA capacity improvements (MIMO and higher order modulations) due to poor radio signal quality. In 3GPP a study item was completed in June 2008. The outcome can be found in technical report 25.825. An alternative method to double the data rates is to double the bandwidth to 10 MHz (i.e. 2Ă—5 MHz) by using DC-HSDPA.
563:
2994:
634:. The TTI is 2 ms. So for example Cat 10 can decode 27,952 bits/2 ms = 13.976 Mbit/s (and not 14.4 Mbit/s as often claimed incorrectly). Categories 1-4 and 11 have inter-TTI intervals of 2 or 3, which reduces the maximum data rate by that factor. Dual-Cell and MIMO 2x2 each multiply the maximum data rate by 2, because multiple independent transport blocks are transmitted over different carriers or spatial streams, respectively. The data rates given in the table are rounded to one decimal point.
518:(MIMO). Beamforming focuses the transmitted power of an antenna in a beam toward the user's direction. MIMO uses multiple antennas on the sending and receiving side. Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, i.e. the simultaneous use of two 5 MHz carriers. HSPA+ is an evolution of HSPA that upgrades the existing 3G network and provides a method for telecom operators to migrate towards 4G speeds that are more comparable to the initially available speeds of newer
132:
36:
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From
Release 9 onwards it will be possible to use DC-HSDPA in combination with MIMO being used on both carriers. The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators even more capacity improvements within their network. This will allow the theoretical speed of up to 84.4 Mbit/s.
1625:(LTE) flat architecture as defined in the 3GPP standard Rel-8. The changes allow cost-effective modern link layer technologies such as xDSL or Ethernet, and these technologies are no longer tied to the more expensive and rigid requirements of the older standard of SONET/SDH and E1/T1 infrastructure.
1605:
A flattened all-IP architecture is an option for the network within HSPA+. In this architecture, the base stations connect to the network via IP (often
Ethernet providing the transmission), bypassing legacy elements for the user's data connections. This makes the network faster and cheaper to deploy
1411:
Dual Cell (DC-)HSUPA is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of carrier aggregation in the uplink. UMTS licenses are often issued as 10 or 15 MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means
601:
in the downlink. UMTS licenses are often issued as 5, 10, or 20 MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the downlink carriers.
612:
The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators deploying
Release 7 MIMO to benefit from the DC-HSDPA functionality as defined in Release 8. While in Release 8 DC-HSDPA can only operate on adjacent carriers, Release 9 also allows that the paired cells can operate on two
1577:
The 168 Mbit/s and 22 Mbit/s represent theoretical peak speeds. The actual speed for a user will be lower. In general, HSPA+ offers higher bitrates only in very good radio conditions (very close to the cell tower) or if the terminal and network both support either
625:
The following table is derived from table 5.1a of the release 11 of 3GPP TS 25.306 and shows maximum data rates of different device classes and by what combination of features they are achieved. The per-cell per-stream data rate is limited by the
1345:
The maximal code rate is not limited. A value close to 1 in this column indicates that the maximum data rate can be achieved only in ideal conditions. The device is therefore connected directly to the transmitter to demonstrate these data
1566:
Release 11 is scheduled to include 4-carrier HSPA. The standard was scheduled to be finalised in Q3 2012 and first chipsets supporting MC-HSPA in late 2013. Release 11 specifies 8-carrier HSPA allowed in non-contiguous bands with
1606:
and operate. The legacy architecture is still permitted with the
Evolved HSPA and is likely to exist for several years after adoption of the other aspects of HSPA+ (higher-order modulation, multiple streams, etc.).
541:(Mbit/s) to the mobile device (downlink) and 22 Mbit/s from the mobile device (uplink) under ideal signal conditions. Technically these are achieved through the use of a multiple-antenna technique known as
510:
which has been introduced in 3GPP release 7 and being further improved in later 3GPP releases. HSPA+ can achieve data rates of up to 42.2 Mbit/s. It introduces antenna array technologies such as
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in the downlink for 3GPP Release 8 were standardized for the uplink in 3GPP Release 9, called Dual-Cell HSUPA. The standardisation of
Release 9 was completed in December 2009.
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1708:
1377:
Category 20 was specified in
Release 7 as "For further use". Not until Release 8 simultaneous use of 64QAM and MIMO were allowed to obtain the specified max. data rate.
1368:
Category 19 was specified in
Release 7 as "For further use". Not until Release 8 simultaneous use of 64QAM and MIMO were allowed to obtain the specified max. data rate.
1355:
The maximum data rates given in the table are physical layer data rates. Application layer data rate is approximately 85% of that, due to the inclusion of IP headers (
458:
1908:
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1997:
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have been introduced that support DC-HSDPA. DC-HSDPA can support up to 42.2 Mbit/s, but unlike HSPA, it does not need to rely on MIMO transmission.
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252:
149:
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95:
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network can theoretically support up to 28 Mbit/s and 42 Mbit/s with a single 5 MHz carrier for Rel7 (MIMO with 16QAM) and Rel8 (
1621:
of the previous 3GPP UMTS architecture versions, thus simplifying the architecture, reducing costs and delays. This is nearly identical to the
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R1-081546, “Initial multi-carrier HSPA performance evaluation”, Ericsson, 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 #52bis, April, 2008
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external gateway, using any available link technology supporting TCP/IP. The definition can be found in
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Klas
Johansson; Johan Bergman; Dirk Gerstenberger; Mats Blomgren; Anders Wallén (28 January 2009).
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1641:) was the first commercial solution implementing the Evolved HSPA flattened all-IP architecture.
1586:, which effectively use two parallel transmit channels with different technical implementations.
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different frequency bands. Later releases allow the use of up to four carriers simultaneously.
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This 'flat architecture' connects the 'user plane' directly from the base station to the
598:
538:
1966:"White paper Long Term HSPA Evolution Mobile broadband evolution beyond 3GPP Release 10"
549:(64QAM) or combining multiple cells into one with a technique known as Dual-Cell HSDPA.
1427:
The following table shows uplink speeds for the different categories of
Evolved HSUPA.
503:
499:
1614:
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1841:
1748:
522:
networks without deploying a new radio interface. HSPA+ should not be confused with
471:
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Maximum number of bits of an HS-DSCH transport block received within an HS-DSCH TTI
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434:
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2001:
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The higher 168 Mbit/s speeds are achieved by using multiple carriers with
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of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the uplink carriers.
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2020:
1617:. The user's data flow bypasses the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the
400:
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337:
1854:"Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution"
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597:
Release 8 specification. It is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of
511:
418:
368:
1889:
Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution
1709:"Ericsson Review #1 2009 - Continued HSPA Evolution of mobile broadband"
2382:
1792:"2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution - Nomor Research"
664:
1401:, is a wireless broadband standard based on HSPA that is defined in
1336:
16-QAM implies QPSK support, 64-QAM implies 16-QAM and QPSK support.
475:
HSPA+ sign shown in notification bar on an
Android-based smartphone.
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1909:"Nomor Research White Paper: Dual-Cell HSDPA and its Evolution"
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The aggregation of more than two carriers has been studied and
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1971:. Nokiaslemensnetworks.com. 14 December 2010. Archived from
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Advanced HSPA+ is a further evolution of HSPA and provides
1767:"Dual-Cell HSPA and its Future Evolution - Nomor Research"
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545:(for "multiple-input and multiple-output") and higher
1958:
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Cellular network standards and generation timeline.
156:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
86:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
1842:http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25306.htm
620:
3009:
1501:2 ms, dual cell E-DCH operation, QPSK and 16QAM;
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1714:. Ericsson.com. 27 January 2009. Archived from
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247:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
2055:
2041:
1628:There are no changes to the 'control plane'.
1433:Evolved HSUPA User Equipment (UE) categories
640:Evolved HSDPA User Equipment (UE) categories
526:though, which uses an air interface based on
516:multiple-input multiple-output communications
506:telecommunication. It is the second phase of
452:
2021:ETSI GSM UMTS 3GPP Numbering Cross Reference
593:, also known as Dual-Cell HSDPA, is part of
1485:2 ms, dual cell E-DCH operation, QPSK only;
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2048:
2034:
1549:2 ms, uplink MIMO, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM;
459:
445:
289:Learn how and when to remove this message
271:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:Learn how and when to remove this message
114:Learn how and when to remove this message
98:, without removing the technical details.
1926:
1882:
1701:
1415:Similar enhancements as introduced with
561:
557:
470:
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1551:(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
1535:(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
1519:(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
1503:(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
1487:(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g)
14:
3010:
2918:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
1817:"Dual carrier HSPA: DC-HSPA, DC-HSPDA"
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1600:
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1651:Comparison of wireless data standards
96:make it understandable to non-experts
2876:Spectral efficiency comparison table
227:
154:adding citations to reliable sources
125:
70:
29:
1794:. nomor. 2010-10-10. Archived from
1769:. nomor. 2010-10-10. Archived from
1571:offering peak transfer rates up to
24:
1533:2 ms, uplink MIMO, QPSK and 16QAM;
165:"Evolved High Speed Packet Access"
25:
3034:
2009:
45:This article has multiple issues.
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2067:List of mobile phone generations
530:modulation and multiple access.
480:Evolved High Speed Packet Access
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130:
75:
34:
1989:
1901:
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607:User Equipment categories 21-24
141:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1940:. Ericsson.com. Archived from
1935:"Multi-Carrier HSPA Evolution"
1834:
1809:
1741:
1732:
1423:User Equipment (UE) Categories
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621:User Equipment (UE) Categories
13:
1:
2016:3GPP Specifications Home Page
1666:
1517:2 ms, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM;
1390:Dual-Carrier HSUPA (DC-HSUPA)
586:Dual-Carrier HSDPA (DC-HSDPA)
528:orthogonal frequency-division
314:Wireless network technologies
2988:Telecommunication portal
1749:"3GPP specification: 25.825"
1558:Multi-carrier HSPA (MC-HSPA)
7:
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10:
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2485:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0
632:Minimum inter-TTI interval
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2367:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE
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2292:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
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1597:together simultaneously.
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435:Mobile telecommunications
2000:January 2, 2011, at the
1656:High Speed Packet Access
1623:3GPP Long Term Evolution
537:up to 84.4 and 168
2823:Comparison of standards
2462:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA
1840:3GPP TS 25.306 v11.0.0
1124:Triple-Cell + MIMO 2x2
2828:Channel access methods
2467:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA
1632:Nokia Siemens Networks
567:
476:
2999:Telephones portal
2107:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD
1661:List of UMTS networks
1567:4 Ă— 4
1308:Quad-Cell + MIMO 4x4
1285:Dual-Cell + MIMO 4x4
1262:Octa-Cell + MIMO 2x2
1216:Hexa-Cell + MIMO 2x2
1170:Quad-Cell + MIMO 2x2
1078:Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2
1055:Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2
1032:Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2
1009:Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2
565:
558:Evolved HSDPA (HSPA+)
474:
2616:iBurst (IEEE 802.20)
2389:CDMA2000 1X Advanced
1357:overhead information
150:improve this article
2502:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)
2344:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)
2112:Mobile TeleSeratout
1601:All-IP architecture
599:carrier aggregation
539:Megabits per second
2990:
2576:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)
2570:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)
2568:1xEV-DO Revision A
1894:2014-02-01 at the
1395:Dual-Carrier HSUPA
591:Dual-Carrier HSDPA
568:
504:wireless broadband
500:technical standard
477:
251:You can assist by
27:Technical standard
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1915:on 2014-02-01
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1878:3GPP releases
1874:
1860:on 2014-02-01
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1823:on 2018-11-20
1822:
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1615:3GPP TR25.999
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673:Max. Downlink
672:
666:
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638:
635:
633:
629:
618:
614:
610:
608:
603:
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583:
581:
577:
573:
572:Evolved HSDPA
564:
550:
548:
544:
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536:
531:
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521:
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505:
501:
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241:This article
239:
230:
229:
220:
217:
209:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167: –
166:
162:
161:Find sources:
155:
151:
145:
144:
139:This article
137:
133:
128:
127:
118:
115:
107:
97:
93:
87:
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2928:Push-to-talk
2706:IEEE 802.16m
2675:LTE Advanced
2659:IMT Advanced
2604:IEEE 802.16e
2599:Mobile WiMAX
2560:3GPP2 family
2533:
2487:(TIA/IS-856)
2478:3GPP2 family
2376:3GPP2 family
2355:/3GPP family
2171:TACS - ETACS
1991:
1980:. Retrieved
1973:the original
1960:
1949:. Retrieved
1942:the original
1928:
1917:. Retrieved
1913:the original
1903:
1884:
1873:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:the original
1848:
1836:
1825:. Retrieved
1821:the original
1811:
1800:. Retrieved
1796:the original
1786:
1775:. Retrieved
1771:the original
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1723:. Retrieved
1716:the original
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:the original
1683:
1674:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1608:
1604:
1588:
1576:
1561:
1426:
1414:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1373:
1364:
1351:
1341:
1332:
1321:
1101:Triple-Cell
668:at max. Data
658:Modulation
631:
627:
624:
615:
611:
604:
590:
589:
571:
569:
532:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:
382:
285:
267:
258:
245:copy editing
243:may require
242:
212:
203:
193:
186:
179:
172:
160:
148:Please help
143:verification
140:
110:
101:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2757:5G-Advanced
2745:3GPP family
2695:IEEE family
2687:(4.5G/4.9G)
2668:3GPP family
2510:3GPP family
2438:3GPP family
2383:CDMA2000 1X
2254:CSD - HSCSD
1573:672 Mbit/s.
1457:Modulation
1408:release 9.
651:Max. number
512:beamforming
3012:Categories
2611:Flash-OFDM
1982:2014-06-01
1951:2014-06-01
1919:2016-03-14
1898:, nomor.de
1864:2016-03-14
1827:2016-03-14
1802:2016-03-30
1777:2016-03-30
1725:2014-06-01
1694:2016-03-30
1667:References
1593:and 4-way
1239:Octa-Cell
1193:Hexa-Cell
1147:Quad-Cell
986:Dual-Cell
963:Dual-Cell
940:Dual-Cell
653:of HS-DSCH
605:New HSDPA
535:data rates
387:3.9G/3.95G
261:April 2024
253:editing it
206:April 2024
176:newspapers
50:improve it
2711:WiMax 2.1
2566:CDMA2000
2059:standards
1440:Category
916:Dual-Cell
892:MIMO 2x2
869:MIMO 2x2
846:MIMO 2x2
807:MIMO 2x2
768:MIMO 2x2
665:Code rate
645:Category
56:talk page
2736:IMT-2020
2640:HiperMAN
2539:DC-HSDPA
2429:IMT-2000
1998:Archived
1892:Archived
1753:3gpp.org
1684:About Us
1645:See also
1453:(Mbit/s)
1443:Release
678:(Mbit/s)
648:Release
630:and the
553:Downlink
306:a series
304:Part of
2970:Osmocom
2818:History
2788:DECT-5G
2762:NR-IIoT
2207:DataTAC
2202:Mobitex
1305:64-QAM
1282:64-QAM
1259:64-QAM
1236:64-QAM
1213:64-QAM
1190:64-QAM
1167:64-QAM
1144:64-QAM
1121:64-QAM
1098:64-QAM
1075:64-QAM
1052:64-QAM
1029:16-QAM
1006:16-QAM
983:64-QAM
960:64-QAM
937:16-QAM
912:16-QAM
889:64-QAM
866:64-QAM
843:16-QAM
827:64-QAM
804:16-QAM
788:64-QAM
765:16-QAM
739:16-QAM
717:64-QAM
498:, is a
397:4G/4.5G
348:Digital
190:scholar
90:Please
2772:NB-IoT
2738:(2021)
2733:(2018)
2679:E-UTRA
2661:(2013)
2656:(2009)
2633:family
2592:family
2550:E-UTRA
2431:(2001)
2426:(1998)
2285:family
2266:family
2242:family
2228:(1991)
2159:family
2149:(1979)
2132:B-Netz
2080:(1946)
1680:"HSPA"
1639:I-HSPA
1514:17.25
1448:Uplink
1385:Uplink
1359:) etc.
1346:rates.
1314:337.5
1291:168.8
1268:337.5
1245:168.8
1222:253.2
1199:126.6
1176:168.8
1130:126.6
694:64-QAM
670:Rate
576:64-QAM
320:Analog
308:on the
192:
185:
178:
171:
163:
2948:ViLTE
2943:VoLTE
2901:5G NR
2850:STDMA
2838:OFDMA
2781:Other
2767:LTE-M
2752:5G NR
2715:WiBro
2702:WiMAX
2621:WiBro
2534:HSPA+
2527:HSUPA
2522:HSDPA
2405:WiDEN
2398:Other
2301:Other
2264:3GPP2
2197:Hicap
2192:C-450
2180:Other
2097:Altai
1976:(PDF)
1969:(PDF)
1945:(PDF)
1938:(PDF)
1719:(PDF)
1712:(PDF)
1546:34.5
1530:22.9
1498:22.9
1482:11.5
1468:11.5
1450:Speed
1438:HSUPA
1322:Notes
1153:84.4
1107:63.3
1084:84.4
1061:70.6
1038:55.9
1015:46.7
992:42.2
969:35.3
946:28.0
923:23.4
898:42.2
875:35.3
852:28.0
835:21.1
813:23.4
796:17.6
774:28.0
751:23.4
725:21.1
703:17.6
675:Speed
496:HSPAP
494:) or
484:HSPA+
415:5.25G
383:3.75G
365:2.75G
197:JSTOR
183:books
84:This
18:HSPA+
3023:UMTS
2958:ViNR
2953:VoNR
2933:MIMO
2906:CDMA
2891:UMTS
2869:SDMA
2862:CDMA
2857:SSMA
2845:TDMA
2833:FDMA
2631:ETSI
2590:IEEE
2517:HSPA
2455:FOMA
2445:UMTS
2410:DECT
2362:GPRS
2313:iDEN
2308:CDPD
2283:AMPS
2240:3GPP
2157:AMPS
2117:AMTS
2092:IMTS
1619:SGSN
1611:GGSN
1595:MIMO
1580:MIMO
1569:MIMO
1564:3GPP
1446:Max.
1406:UMTS
1403:3GPP
1311:.98
1288:.98
1265:.98
1242:.98
1219:.98
1196:.98
1173:.98
1150:.98
1127:.98
1104:.98
1081:.98
1058:.82
1035:.97
1012:.81
989:.98
966:.82
943:.97
920:.81
895:.98
872:.82
849:.97
832:.98
810:.81
793:.82
771:.97
748:.81
745:2x2
743:MIMO
722:.98
700:.82
595:3GPP
580:MIMO
543:MIMO
514:and
508:HSPA
502:for
492:Plus
488:HSPA
419:5.5G
405:4.9G
401:4.5G
379:3.5G
369:2.9G
361:2.5G
338:1.5G
169:news
2938:IMS
2896:LTE
2886:GSM
2546:LTE
2353:GSM
2328:CT2
2323:PHS
2318:PDC
2249:GSM
2236:GSM
2212:CT1
2187:NMT
2137:AMR
2127:ARP
2102:OLT
2087:MTS
1582:or
1543:11
1540:12
1527:11
1524:11
1511:11
1508:10
1302:15
1299:11
1296:38
1279:15
1276:11
1273:37
1256:15
1253:11
1250:36
1233:15
1230:11
1227:35
1210:15
1207:11
1204:34
1187:15
1184:11
1181:33
1164:15
1161:10
1158:32
1141:15
1138:10
1135:31
1118:15
1115:10
1112:30
1095:15
1092:10
1089:29
1072:15
1066:28
1049:15
1043:27
1026:15
1020:26
1003:15
997:25
980:15
974:24
957:15
951:23
934:15
928:22
909:15
903:21
886:15
883:8
880:20
863:15
860:8
857:19
840:15
824:15
818:18
801:15
785:15
779:17
762:15
756:16
736:15
730:15
714:15
708:14
690:15
684:13
570:An
524:LTE
520:LTE
152:by
94:to
3014::
2731:5G
2708:)
2654:4G
2424:3G
2226:2G
2147:1G
2075:0G
1751:.
1682:.
1495:9
1492:9
1479:9
1476:8
1465:7
1462:7
1069:9
1046:9
1023:9
1000:9
977:8
954:8
931:8
906:8
821:7
782:7
759:7
733:7
711:7
687:7
578:+
486:,
482:,
425:6G
417:,
411:5G
403:,
399:,
393:4G
385:,
381:,
375:3G
367:,
363:,
357:2G
334:1G
329:0G
59:.
2704:(
2681:)
2677:(
2552:)
2548:(
2238:/
2049:e
2042:t
2035:v
1985:.
1954:.
1922:.
1867:.
1830:.
1805:.
1780:.
1755:.
1728:.
1697:.
1637:(
1324::
490:(
460:e
453:t
446:v
421:)
413:(
407:)
395:(
389:)
377:(
371:)
359:(
340:)
336:(
292:)
286:(
274:)
268:(
263:)
259:(
255:.
249:.
219:)
213:(
208:)
204:(
194:·
187:·
180:·
173:·
146:.
117:)
111:(
106:)
102:(
88:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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