839:
135:
156:
921:"I was then thrown forward by the slope of the deck and got jammed beneath a gun (which I expect is the cause of my bruising) and while in this position was carried down some way by the sinking ship, but fortunately after a time I became released and after what seemed like interminable ages I came to the surface, and after swimming a short time I was able to get an oar and some other floating material with the help of which I was just able to keep on the surface."
1759:
1742:
1754:
1734:
32:
1353:
893:
the port engine at full ahead while the wheel was turned hard a port, the manoeuvre was not in time and the torpedo struck the ship beneath the bridge. The detonation apparently set off cordite bags in the forward magazine which caused a second, more massive explosion within the fore section of the ship, essentially destroying everything forward of the bridge. Broken in two, the
505:. The new ships required high speed to keep up with the destroyers, good seaworthiness and good communications equipment, but as they were only intended to fight destroyer-type vessels, a heavy armament was not specified. The Admiralty produced a broad specification for the ships, normal practice at the time for destroyers, requiring a speed of 25
939:
There is significant confusion regarding the numbers of survivors. On 6 September The Times declared that 58 men had been rescued but that four had died of injuries. The fact that it is impossible to determine how many were on board that day adds to the problem, but modern research indicates that
892:
fired a single 50 cm (20 in) Type G/6 torpedo at a range of 2,000 yards. At 1545 lookouts spotted a torpedo wake heading towards the starboard bow and the officer of the watch, Lieutenant-Commander Favell, attempted to take evasive action by ordering the starboard engine be put astern and
974:
had been sunk by a torpedo, insisting instead that it had struck a mine. The reason for this is unclear, but probably has to do with the
Admiralty's position that submarines — a still new and largely untested weapons platform — lacked the capacity to sink a surface warship with a torpedo. A local
965:
The St. Abbs' lifeboat came in with the most appalling accounts of the scene. There was not a piece of wood, they said, big enough to float a man—and over acres the sea was covered with fragments—human and otherwise. They brought back a sailor's cap with half a man's head inside it. The explosion
897:
instantly began sinking, dragging most of her crew down with her and leaving a massive pall of smoke to mark her grave. The vessel sank so quickly, in fact, that there was insufficient time to launch lifeboats. (Indeed, the remains of a lifeboat davit and rope can still be seen on the wreck,
906:
The ship gave a heavy lurch forward and took an angle of about forty degrees down by the bow. Water came swirling up to the searchlight platform. The
Captain said, 'jump you devils jump !'. The Captain and his secretary remained with the ship until the very end but somehow both
935:
had spotted the smoke and headed for the pall of smoke, only to find that what few survivors there were had already been rescued. (There was an anecdotal story that one of the destroyers had an engine problem when a water inlet was blocked by a leg in a seaboot.)
966:
must have been frightful. It is thought to be a German submarine that did it, or, possibly, a torpedo fired from one of the refitted German trawlers, which cruise all round painted with
British port letters and flying the British flag.
989:
had been attacked by two U-boats and had accounted for the second one in her death throes. Admiralty intelligence later claimed that cruisers had cornered the U-boat responsible and shelled it to oblivion.) The sinking of
571:, allowing a trial speed of 25.48 knots (47.19 km/h; 29.32 mph). Range was 3,400 nmi (6,300 km; 3,900 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). A 2 inches (51 mm) thick
924:
Fishing boats from the nearby fishing port of
Eyemouth were the first on the scene and encountered a field of debris, fuel oil, clothing and body parts. Additionally, the British destroyers
1298:. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. I (2nd, reprint of the 1938 ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum and Battery Press.
1185:
918:"I was at the time in the wardroom, but ran up on deck immediately, and it was then evident by the way the bow was down in the water that she would sink rapidly," he said.
869:. At one point the periscope was spotted and the battery opened fire but without success. Overnight Hersing withdrew from the Forth, patrolling the coast from the
981:, published an eye-witness account by an Eyemouth fisherman, who had assisted in the rescue, that confirmed rumors that a submarine had been responsible. (However
567:
rated at 16,500 indicated horsepower (12,300 kW) and driving two shafts. 17,582 indicated horsepower (13,111 kW) was achieved using forced draft during
1828:
877:
on a south-southeast course, followed by elements of the 8th
Destroyer Flotilla. At midday, the destroyers altered course back towards the Isle of May while
513:(3,700 km; 2,300 mi), light armour and an armament of ten 12-pounder (3 inch, 76 mm) guns, eight 3-pounder (47mm) guns and two torpedo tubes.
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in all probability, there were 268 personnel on board plus two civilian canteen assistants. There were just twenty known survivors.
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954:(while staying at Northfield House, St. Abbs) who recorded the following in a letter to his father sent on 14 September 1914:
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Despite the events of 5 September having been easily visible from shore, the authorities attempted to cover up the fact that
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Recounting the experience in a letter to his mother, he said the explosion had blown a "great hole in the side of the ship".
1519:
75:
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Four more men died of injuries or exposure and are buried at
Dalmeny in Fife and Warriston near Edinburgh. One unknown
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issued an invitation to tender to several shipbuilding yards for a new type of small cruiser, intended to act as
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Also among the survivors was staff surgeon Thomas Aubrey Smyth, who lived at
Bedeque House in Dromore, Co Down.
64:
624:
355:
53:
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One survivor of the sinking, Acting Sub-Lieutenant Edward Oliver
Sonnenschein, described the sinking as such:
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256:
994:
by a submarine made both sides aware of the potential vulnerability of large ships to attack by submarines.
838:
1745:
1741:
1737:
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1208:. London : Her Majesty's Stationery Office. October 1914 – via National Library of Scotland.
865:. Hersing is known to have penetrated the Firth of Forth as far as the Carlingnose Battery beneath the
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89:
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was 2,940 long tons (2,990 t) normal and 3,240 long tons (3,290 t) deep load. Twelve
361:
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8:
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783:, took part in unsuccessful search operations for the missing pilot. At the start of the
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inch (9.5 mm) armoured deck over the ships engines and an armoured deck of
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on her return journey through his periscope and resolved to make an attack.
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336:(6,300 km; 3,900 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
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ADM 137/3106 Reported presence of enemy submarine in Firth of Forth
810:
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for inspection of her underwater fittings. On 8 February 1908, the
947:
sailor is buried at Dunbar overlooking the scene of the sinking.
741:
466:, but was renamed prior to construction. During the beginning of
426:
1352:
1186:"Century passes since first Royal Navy ship was sunk by U-boat"
862:
744:
harbour and was holed, needing to be beached to avoid sinking.
475:
1248:
British
Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War
873:
southwards. On the morning of 5 September, he observed HMS
516:
A total of eight scout cruisers were ordered, two each from
462:
on 18 July 1905. She was originally to have been named HMS
1153:"Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard".
1138:"Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard".
881:
continued her patrol. Shortly thereafter, Hersing spotted
1223:
Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979).
1123:"Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Chatham Dockyard".
1104:
962:
explosion – a great white cloud with its foot in sea.
698:. In 1911–12 they were rearmed with nine 4-inch guns.
898:
demonstrating the speed with which the vessel sank.)
958:
I dare say Julian told you that we actually saw the
613:
was protected with 3 inches (76 mm) of armour.
1513:
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in
September 1914
609:inches (13–38 mm) elsewhere, while the ship's
551:of 38 feet 9 inches (11.81 m) and a
539:, were 379 feet 0 inches (115.52 m)
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Lead ship of the Pathfinder class of scout cruisers
1313:Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985).
1224:
1315:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
1227:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1805:
1222:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
756:where the gunboat was repaired. In August 1909,
543:and 370 feet 0 inches (112.78 m)
1296:Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands
678:on 16 July 1904 and completed on 18 July 1905.
1829:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
1317:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1250:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1188:. Royal Navy. 5 September 2014. Archived from
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1090:
509:(46 km/h; 29 mph), a range of 2,000
425:, and was the first ship ever to be sunk by a
1498:
1408:
1394:
1040:
813:, on Saturday 5 September 1914 by the German
625:12-pounder 3 in (76 mm) 18-cwt guns
555:of 15 feet 2 inches (4.62 m).
1312:
1014:, 18 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.
1269:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth.
1168:"The Lost Airman: Patrolling the Channel".
1127:. Vol. 30. December 1907. p. 172.
1087:
1063:
771:'s aircraft went missing when crossing the
1819:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom
1505:
1491:
1401:
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1174:. No. 40533. 26 May 1914. p. 10.
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861:, home to the major British naval base at
686:Not long after completion, two additional
635:, with the remaining four guns positioned
575:protected the ship's engine rooms, with a
1075:
950:The explosion was seen by British writer
627:. Three guns were mounted abreast on the
474:was sunk on 5 September 1914 by a German
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1264:
1245:
1142:. Vol. 30. March 1908. p. 321.
1110:
1098:
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1069:
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393:: 0.75–1.125 in (19.1–28.6 mm)
19:For other ships with the same name, see
1834:World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea
1290:
1157:. Vol. 32. March 1908. p. 57.
1155:The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect
1140:The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect
1125:The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect
1806:
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356:QF 12-pdr 3 in (76 mm) guns
152:
1824:Maritime incidents in September 1914
1338:ADM 116/1356 List of Pathfinder dead
1231:. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press.
849:At the beginning of September 1914,
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
275:15 ft 2 in (4.6 m) (
13:
1472:List of cruisers of the Royal Navy
1332:
267:38 ft 9 in (11.8 m)
229:General characteristics (as built)
14:
1860:
1345:
1757:
1752:
1740:
1732:
1351:
764:, was under refit at Sheerness.
702:spent her early career with the
674:shipyard on 15 August 1903, was
458:, launched on 16 July 1904, and
154:
133:
30:
1839:Ships built on the River Mersey
1369:History of the Pathfinder class
1364:Pathfinder class in World War I
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1161:
1146:
488:
41:needs additional citations for
1216:
1131:
1116:
1010:"Cwt" is the abbreviation for
1004:
734:collided with the old cruiser
565:triple-expansion steam engines
311:triple-expansion steam engines
247:2,940 long tons (2,987 t)
1:
532:. Cammell Laird's ships, the
1267:Naval Weapons of World War I
1058:Chesneau & Kolesnik 1979
1021:
826:. The ship was struck in a
563:fed steam to two 4-cylinder
255:370 ft (112.8 m) (
7:
324:(46 km/h; 29 mph)
10:
1865:
833:
642:. They also carried eight
561:Normand water-tube boilers
362:QF 3-pdr (47 mm) guns
65:"HMS Pathfinder" 1904
18:
1849:Naval magazine explosions
1814:Pathfinder-class cruisers
1727:
1695:
1518:
1467:
1441:
1419:
1265:Friedman, Norman (2011).
1246:Friedman, Norman (2009).
681:
616:The main armament of the
228:
147:
132:
997:
853:, Commanding Officer of
399:: 3 in (76 mm)
387:: 2 in (51 mm)
368:18 in (450 mm)
791:based at Rosyth in the
694:were replaced with six
620:class consisted of ten
968:
910:
846:
795:and commanded by Capt
789:8th Destroyer Flotilla
781:8th Destroyer Flotilla
762:1st Destroyer Flotilla
545:between perpendiculars
427:self-propelled torpedo
1358:HMS Pathfinder (1904)
956:
903:
841:
651:18-inch (450 mm)
1790:56.12250°N 2.15417°E
1360:at Wikimedia Commons
1192:on 28 December 2017.
797:Francis Martin-Leake
787:she was part of the
760:, now leader of the
710:(1906) and then the
649:and two above-water
450:). She was built by
50:improve this article
1786: /
985:also reported that
690:were added and the
670:at Cammell Laird's
518:Armstrong Whitworth
446:had been sunk by a
1607:Francis H. Leggett
1374:List of Casualties
1285:General references
1101:, pp. 294–295
1072:, pp. 100–101
857:, ventured to the
847:
754:Sheerness Dockyard
717:In November 1907,
637:port and starboard
435:American Civil War
224:, 5 September 1914
1795:56.12250; 2.15417
1769:
1768:
1480:
1479:
1356:Media related to
1276:978-1-84832-100-7
1257:978-1-59114-081-8
1037:, pp. 99–100
767:When the aviator
622:quick-firing (QF)
501:for flotillas of
495:British Admiralty
493:In May 1902, the
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842:The loss of HMS
809:, Berwickshire,
775:on 23 May 1914,
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1333:Further reading
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1292:Corbett, Julian
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1294:(March 1997).
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779:, leading the
721:was docked at
704:Atlantic Fleet
696:6 pounder guns
692:3 pounder guns
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656:, one on each
647:Hotchkiss guns
511:nautical miles
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1414:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1324:0-85177-245-5
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1305:0-89839-256-X
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1238:0-8317-0302-4
1234:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1207:
1206:
1205:The Navy List
1199:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1111:Friedman 2011
1107:
1100:
1099:Friedman 2009
1095:
1093:
1091:
1084:, p. 101
1083:
1082:Friedman 2009
1078:
1071:
1070:Friedman 2009
1066:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1035:Friedman 2009
1031:
1027:
1013:
1012:hundredweight
1007:
1003:
995:
993:
988:
984:
980:
979:
973:
967:
963:
961:
955:
953:
952:Aldous Huxley
948:
946:
941:
937:
934:
930:
929:
922:
919:
916:
913:
909:
908:
902:
899:
896:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
845:
840:
831:
829:
825:
822:
818:
817:
812:
808:
807:St. Abbs Head
805:was sunk off
804:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:
733:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
708:Channel Fleet
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
659:
655:
654:torpedo tubes
652:
648:
645:
641:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:
619:
614:
612:
611:conning tower
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
536:
531:
527:
526:Cammell Laird
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
486:
484:
483:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:Cammell Laird
449:
445:
444:
439:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
398:
397:Conning tower
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
371:torpedo tubes
369:
365:
363:
359:
357:
353:
352:
351:
348:
347:
343:
340:
339:
335:
331:
328:
327:
323:
319:
316:
315:
312:
308:
305:
304:
299:
295:
292:
288:
287:
286:
283:
282:
278:
274:
271:
270:
266:
263:
262:
258:
254:
251:
250:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:Scout cruiser
236:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
217:
214:
213:
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
197:
193:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:Cammell Laird
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
151:
146:
142:
136:
131:
128:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1771:
1763:October 1914
1715:
1706:
1684:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1617:
1605:
1595:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1562:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1456:
1447:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1410:
1314:
1295:
1266:
1247:
1226:
1204:
1198:
1190:the original
1180:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1133:
1124:
1118:
1106:
1077:
1065:
1030:
1006:
991:
986:
983:The Scotsman
982:
978:The Scotsman
976:
971:
969:
964:
959:
957:
949:
944:
942:
938:
932:
927:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
905:
904:
900:
894:
889:
887:
882:
878:
874:
867:Forth Bridge
854:
851:Otto Hersing
848:
843:
824:Otto Hersing
820:
815:
802:
801:
776:
769:Gustav Hamel
766:
757:
749:
748:accompanied
745:
736:
730:
718:
716:
699:
685:
663:
662:
617:
615:
557:Displacement
541:long overall
534:
515:
492:
489:Construction
481:
471:
463:
460:commissioned
448:spar torpedo
442:
438:sloop-of-war
409:
407:
406:
309:2 Shafts, 2
289:16,500
244:Displacement
220:
210:18 July 1905
207:Commissioned
202:16 July 1904
170:
140:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1793: /
1750:August 1914
1217:Works cited
871:Isle of May
633:quarterdeck
573:armour belt
468:World War I
332:3,400
1844:1904 ships
1808:Categories
1781:02°09′15″E
1778:56°07′21″N
1597:Fisgard II
1572:HMAS
1532:Pathfinder
1520:Shipwrecks
1425:Pathfinder
1411:Pathfinder
992:Pathfinder
987:Pathfinder
972:Pathfinder
960:Pathfinder
945:Pathfinder
895:Pathfinder
883:Pathfinder
879:Pathfinder
875:Pathfinder
844:Pathfinder
803:Pathfinder
777:Pathfinder
758:Pathfinder
746:Pathfinder
737:Andromache
719:Pathfinder
712:Home Fleet
700:Pathfinder
672:Birkenhead
664:Pathfinder
629:forecastle
618:Pathfinder
569:sea trials
535:Pathfinder
503:destroyers
472:Pathfinder
456:Birkenhead
443:Housatonic
410:Pathfinder
341:Complement
306:Propulsion
185:Birkenhead
171:Pathfinder
141:Pathfinder
76:newspapers
1672:SMS
1665:SMS
1658:SMS
1641:HMS
1634:HMS
1627:HMS
1616:HMS
1579:SMS
1561:SMS
1530:HMS
1171:The Times
1022:Footnotes
907:survived"
668:laid down
658:broadside
644:3-pounder
640:amidships
547:, with a
522:Fairfield
431:submarine
429:fired by
415:lead ship
296:12 Laird-
277:deep load
191:Laid down
1714:23 Sep:
1681:29 Sep:
1660:Cormoran
1656:28 Sep:
1625:22 Sep:
1614:20 Sep:
1604:18 Sep:
1594:17 Sep:
1570:14 Sep:
1559:13 Sep:
1552:Elsinore
1549:11 Sep:
1539:10 Sep:
1457:Sentinel
888:At 1543
828:magazine
811:Scotland
714:(1907).
676:launched
631:and the
413:was the
349:Armament
218:Sunk by
199:Launched
1707:Oceanic
1703:8 Sep:
1685:Oceanic
1629:Aboukir
1618:Pegasus
1528:5 Sep:
1448:Forward
933:Express
834:Sinking
742:Harwich
604:⁄
590:⁄
580:⁄
553:draught
530:Vickers
499:leaders
464:Fastnet
417:of her
272:Draught
177:Builder
148:History
90:scholar
1717:Potosi
1636:Cressy
1432:Patrol
1321:
1302:
1273:
1254:
1235:
863:Rosyth
682:Career
537:-class
478:, the
476:U-boat
470:, the
379:Armour
252:Length
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1674:Luchs
1667:Iltis
1649:Zélée
1643:Hogue
1542:Indus
1459:class
1450:class
998:Notes
507:knots
433:(the
419:class
354:10 Ă—
329:Range
322:knots
317:Speed
97:JSTOR
83:books
1746:1915
1738:1914
1730:1913
1705:HMS
1683:HMS
1563:Hela
1319:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1233:ISBN
931:and
928:Stag
926:HMS
890:U-21
855:U-21
816:U-21
750:Leda
731:Leda
666:was
549:beam
528:and
482:U-21
441:USS
408:HMS
391:Deck
366:2 Ă—
360:8 Ă—
264:Beam
234:Type
221:U-21
215:Fate
167:Name
139:HMS
69:news
1574:AE1
752:to
740:in
480:SM
344:289
334:nmi
320:25
291:ihp
257:p/p
52:by
1810::
1670:,
1663:,
1646:,
1639:,
1632:,
1584:,
1577:,
1089:^
1042:^
799:.
706:,
660:.
524:,
520:,
485:.
454:,
183:,
1506:e
1499:t
1492:v
1402:e
1395:t
1388:v
1327:.
1308:.
1279:.
1260:.
1241:.
606:2
602:1
599:+
597:1
595:–
592:2
588:1
582:8
578:3
279:)
259:)
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
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