253:
three different occasions, dressed in different costume every time to disguise his identity, and asks her brother each time how he will die. The first time
Merlinus says he will die in a fall from a rock, the second time that he will die in a tree, and the third time that he will die in a river. Rodarchus is thus persuaded that Merlinus can be fooled, and that his judgement is not to be trusted. The author now explains that in later years the boy fell from a rock, was caught in the branches of a tree beneath it, and being entangled there upside down with his head in a river he drowned.
182:("The Conversation of Myrddin and His Sister Gwenddydd") establishes their family relationship, and is unique among the Welsh Myrddin poems in showing Gwenddydd and her brother on friendly terms. Myrddin prophesies political events culminating in his own death and the end of the world, while Gwenddydd, herself a seer in this poem, questions him in a respectful manner and shows herself concerned about Myrddin's welfare. The poem ends with them commending each other to heaven.
3124:
3112:
304:, includes a collection of traditional stories about Myrddin. In one section we learn that Myrddin ran mad in the wilds of Nant Conwy in North Wales, that he prophesied, and that his sister Gwenddydd supplied him with food and drink. Gwenddydd has five dreams at various times, and eventually she comes to Myrddin and asks him to explain them, which he does in a vein of social criticism that calls to mind
22:
343:
folk-tale in which a young man, the young woman he loves, a middle-aged woman and a widow are in contention as to which of them the man should marry, and consult
Myrddin and his sister Gwenddydd to resolve the issue. There are points of similarity which suggest some relationship with Elis Gruffydd's
252:
When
Merlinus sees a leaf in Ganieda's hair he laughs, but refuses to explain his laughter unless he is freed. When this is done he tells Rodarchus that the leaf got into Ganieda's hair when she lay outdoors with her lover. Ganieda then seeks to discredit Merlinus by a trick. She produces a boy on
256:
Merlinus returns to the woods, but after various adventures he is captured and taken back to
Rodarchus's court. There he sees first a beggar and then a young man buying leather to patch his shoes, and he laughs at each of them. Rodarchus again offers Merlinus his freedom if he will explain why he
280:
s editor Basil Clarke, the best-realised character in the poem apart from
Merlinus himself, being shown as intelligent, practical, resourceful and, unusually for a female character in medieval literature, prophetic. Her name and much of her story demonstrate her identity with the Gwenddydd of the
314:. A somewhat expanded version of the account of the five dreams also occurs in a late 17th-century manuscript written by Thomas ab Ieuan of Tre'r Bryn. Both seem to derive from an orally transmitted version which cannot be dated, though it seems to be quite independent of the
417:, Geoffrey's Ganieda is split into two characters, Merlin's sister Gwyndyth and Redderch's queen Langoreth. Their attitudes to Merlin in his madness are contrasted: Gwyndyth patient and comforting, Langoreth exasperated with how well he is being treated.
268:
go to the woods to see
Merlinus, and they discourse on various subjects. It is resolved that they will all remain together in the woods, in retirement from the secular world. The poem ends with a prophecy from Ganieda detailing events in the reign of
257:
laughed, and
Merlinus answers that the beggar was unknowingly standing over buried treasure and that the young man's fate was to drown before he could wear his repaired shoes. When Merlinus' words are confirmed Rodarchus lets him go.
155:(southern Scotland and northern England); he is not identified in either poem, but later generations were agreed in identifying him, correctly or not, with Myrddin. Gwenddydd is not said to be the wild man's sister in
368:, it promotes the author's creed of "Nature-worship of Heathenism and the Fraternal Sentiment of Christianity", which is to be embodied in Merlin. One of its characters is Ganieda, who tells her brother that
390:(The Gleam) - His early love". Gwendydd is in Veitch's words "redolent of the nature-worship and the poetry of the time"; she redeems her brother from madness. It was one of the sources of
568:
281:
Myrddin poems, but her position as wife of
Rodarchus and as the adulteress with the leaf in her hair both have analogues in the character of Languoreth in the early Welsh story of
159:, and indeed it has been argued that in the original form of the legend she was Myrddin's fairy lover; however she is twice mentioned in the poem, the poet complaining that
3150:
1694:
923:
498:
249:, king of the Cumbrians, discover his whereabouts and bring him back to their court, where he has to be chained to prevent him returning to the woods.
3127:
260:
Back in the woods
Merlinus watches the stars in an observatory Ganieda has made for him, and prophesies the future history of Britain as far as the
1936:
237:
is a Latin poem by
Geoffrey of Monmouth, written probably in 1150 or 1151, describing events in the life of Myrddin, or as Geoffrey calls him,
1990:
515:
3070:
3115:
3165:
549:
engraving of Gwenddydd. His interest in the subject was confirmed in 1893 when he chose the same name for his lastborn daughter.
86:, and even as late as the 18th century. Since the late 19th century she has occasionally appeared as Merlin's sister or lover in
2295:
118:
Gwenddydd first appears in literature as a character in those early Welsh poems that became associated with the poet and warrior
1464:
1953:
178:
55:
3025:
2285:
434:(1951), a historical novel set in the year 499. She has been described as "one of the most memorable minor characters".
3020:
1929:
1538:
1105:
823:
430:
775:
1898:
1851:
1788:
1724:
785:
601:
241:. The poem begins with Merlinus going mad after a horrendous battle, and running off to live as a wild man in the
485:, Merlin has a twin-sister called Ganicenda, described as "Divine Wisdom, with her head in heaven and her feet in
3175:
1332:
514:
who escapes from a military hospital and reunites with his sister Gwen in the family's home village. It won the
285:. It has also been suggested that Geoffrey's Ganieda may in part be inspired by the example of his contemporary
3091:
1752:
1474:
1402:
1308:
1267:
1219:
1179:
1145:
1013:
736:
211:("Commanding Youth") contains more prophecies and mentions both Myrddin and Gwenddydd. Gwenddydd predicts that
1636:
3160:
3155:
1922:
511:
474:, introduces the character of Ganieda in one episode as the title-character's lover rather than his sister.
3185:
1359:
526:
336:
2950:
1874:. University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature. Vol. X, no. 3. Urbana: University of Illinois
1052:
3170:
3085:
2385:
1561:
87:
542:
3075:
353:
1970:
1334:
Memories of England: British identity and the rhetoric of decline in postwar British drama, 1956–1982
449:
387:
1613:
289:, a well-born Anglo-Saxon lady who escaped an arranged marriage to become a hermit and clairvoyant.
3065:
1660:
1587:
482:
270:
1523:
Bednarski, Aleksander (2016). "A Quilt of Shadowy Pictures – Aesthetic Strategy in Jerry Hunter's
596:. Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages IX. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 42–46.
2200:
2110:
3009:
2800:
2795:
1497:
726:
325:
1806:
1292:
1169:
1129:
1003:
2840:
2745:
2290:
1837:
1386:
1203:
1089:
589:
391:
286:
2955:
2945:
2750:
2575:
2500:
2375:
2300:
2170:
2145:
2070:
1945:
1527:". In Bloch-Trojnar, Maria; Looby, Robert; Ó Fionnáin, Mark; Bednarski, Aleksander (eds.).
809:
445:
219:
123:
103:
67:
3123:
8:
2976:
2855:
2555:
2440:
2310:
2305:
2195:
1807:"The story of Myrddin and the five dreams of Gwenddydd in the chronicle of Elis Gruffudd"
1093:
594:
Arthur in the Celtic Languages: The Arthurian Legend in Celtic Literatures and Traditions
538:
471:
78:, and a prophet in her own right. Geoffrey also makes her the wife of the northern king
33:
2028:
557:
2935:
2875:
2780:
2730:
2465:
2355:
2160:
1962:
1774:
1048:
678:
520:
510:, and transposes it to the Second World War, Myrddin becoming a soldier suffering from
467:
383:
107:
1426:
506:(2010) takes the story of Gwenddydd and Myrddin from the earliest Welsh poems and the
360:, the first in a projected but uncompleted cycle of five dramas collectively entitled
3035:
2997:
2991:
2986:
2850:
2815:
2685:
2635:
2525:
2060:
2014:
2005:
1894:
1847:
1784:
1769:
Jarman, A. O. H. (1991). "The Merlin legend and the Welsh tradition of prophecy". In
1748:
1720:
1534:
1528:
1470:
1398:
1304:
1215:
1175:
1141:
1101:
1009:
819:
781:
732:
597:
553:
421:
261:
242:
95:
386:, with only three characters: Merlin, "Gwendydd (The Dawn) - His twin sister", and "
189:
3097:
2835:
2810:
2570:
2515:
2490:
2115:
1818:
1460:
928:
670:
410:
305:
1695:"A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to about A.D. 1000"
940:
628:
3180:
2981:
2905:
2765:
2755:
2655:
2645:
2640:
2620:
2565:
2510:
2435:
2210:
1888:
1869:
1841:
1778:
1770:
1742:
1714:
813:
457:
453:
402:
322:
196:. In a passage of reminiscence Myrddin makes one obscure reference to Gwenddydd:
91:
51:
3040:
2845:
2820:
2660:
2535:
2280:
2235:
2205:
2175:
2165:
1390:
1296:
1207:
1171:
The Return of King Arthur: British and American Arthurian Literature Since 1800
1133:
932:
246:
79:
2021:
529:, and has been called "an important contribution to war literature in Wales".
3144:
2870:
2725:
2580:
2370:
1999:
1690:
1269:
The interaction between landscape and myth in the novels of John Cowper Powys
310:
301:
119:
83:
1822:
3060:
2865:
2735:
2670:
2665:
2540:
1978:
1466:
The Arthurian Companion: The Legendary World of Camelot and the Round Table
722:
624:
503:
493:
128:
62:
1780:
The Arthur of the Welsh: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature
273:, and a renunciation by Merlinus of his own prophetic gift in her favour.
264:. Rodarchus dies and Ganieda grieves for him. She and Rodarchus' visitor
82:. She was remembered in Welsh traditions recorded in the 16th century by
3080:
2930:
2885:
2860:
2680:
2455:
2335:
2095:
2050:
2690:
2495:
2485:
2345:
2340:
2325:
2320:
2125:
2100:
2075:
2055:
1914:
683:
441:
152:
99:
71:
3055:
3003:
2920:
2915:
2805:
2790:
2775:
2760:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2420:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2260:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2190:
2130:
2085:
2080:
365:
674:
3015:
2925:
2880:
2785:
2720:
2715:
2695:
2675:
2630:
2625:
2600:
2595:
2450:
2430:
2390:
2360:
2350:
2315:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2240:
2155:
2120:
2105:
2090:
2065:
546:
340:
282:
265:
148:
29:
3050:
3045:
2910:
2900:
2890:
2830:
2770:
2710:
2610:
2605:
2590:
2585:
2560:
2550:
2545:
2520:
2460:
2445:
2150:
2135:
569:
International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts
815:
Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages: A Collaborative History
448:, first performed, in a truncated form, in December 1972 by the
3030:
2971:
2895:
2825:
2705:
2700:
2650:
2425:
2415:
2365:
2330:
2275:
2250:
2215:
2140:
2045:
629:"Geoffrey of Monmouth and the development of the Merlin legend"
238:
75:
1247:
1174:. Arthurian Studies IX. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. p. 225.
460:, is not in this play Merlin's sister but his estranged wife.
2940:
2740:
2395:
2380:
2185:
2180:
486:
174:
refers to her in the phrase "Gwenddydd does not come to me".
728:
Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Volume 1: A–Celti
21:
2615:
2530:
1638:
Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage
1614:"Gwenddydd, 1891 Sir Hubert von Herkomer RA (1849 - 1914)"
1235:
1783:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 117–146.
1498:"Extending the Reach of Welsh-language Creative Writing"
983:
959:
428:
as the basis of his Gwendydd, sister of Myrddin, in his
844:
842:
808:
Jarman, A. O. H. (1959). "The Welsh Myrddin Poems". In
757:
755:
188:("The Diffused Song of Myrddin in the Grave"), another
54:. She first appears in the early Welsh poems like the
971:
902:
854:
456:, London. Gwenddydd, played in the RSC production by
409:, was posthumously published in 1947 in an edition by
132:. The relationship between these poems is contested.
1069:
1029:
947:
890:
878:
731:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 1323.
691:
661:
Paton, Lucy Allen (June 1903). "Merlin and Ganieda".
1272:(Ph.D.). University of British Columbia. p. 251
866:
839:
752:
703:
537:
In 1891 the German-born, British-naturalized artist
70:, where she is represented as being a figure in the
3151:
Fictional characters introduced in the 12th century
1340:(Ph.D.). University of Texas at Austin. p. 255
777:
The Oxford Guide to Arthurian Literature and Legend
147:("The Greetings") both give us the prophecies of a
1661:"Louis Nicot Taliésin et Ganiéda bas-relief, 1925"
592:. In Lloyd-Morgan, Ceridwen; Poppe, Erich (eds.).
164:Now Gwenddydd loves me not, and does not greet me;
3142:
1562:"Jerry Hunter wins 2010 Eistedddfod Prose Medal"
1002:Howey, Ann F.; Reimer, Stephen R., eds. (2006).
780:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 330.
818:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 24.
1005:A Bibliography of Modern Arthuriana, 1500–2000
1930:
1530:New Trails and Beaten Paths in Celtic Studies
1843:Merlin: Knowledge and Power Through the Ages
1167:
927:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
413:. In this verse play, based largely on the
362:King Arthur; or, The Drama of the Revolution
321:A manuscript dated to c.1640, now among the
1533:. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL. pp. 18–20.
1168:Taylor, Beverly; Brewer, Elisabeth (1983).
1001:
330:Prophetic Mabinogi of Merddin and Gwenddydd
3071:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
1937:
1923:
1057:. Edinburgh: William Blackwood. p. 10
218:because of the killing of my brothers and
1634:
1522:
682:
201:Gwasawg, I was told your cry to Gwenddydd
1944:
1424:
1290:
1201:
1087:
1008:. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. p. 151.
401:The first part of an unfinished work by
375:the bond of their new brotherhood to be.
373:all the people, Merlin, are seeking thee
292:
20:
2296:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)
1689:
1330:
977:
924:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
697:
587:
352:In 1870 the Scottish Arthurian scholar
166:I have killed her son and her daughter.
3143:
3111:
1886:
1836:
1768:
1740:
1719:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
1712:
1253:
1241:
1127:
1075:
1047:
1035:
953:
896:
884:
872:
848:
807:
773:
761:
709:
245:. His sister Ganieda and her husband
216:Myrddin will come, with great purpose,
1918:
1867:
1804:
1635:Hesilrige, Arthur G. M., ed. (1920).
1384:
1265:
989:
965:
908:
860:
660:
623:
424:used the Gwenddydd of the Welsh poem
382:(1889), is a verse play by Professor
179:Cyfoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd ei Chwaer
74:of Britain, the sister of Myrddin or
3026:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
2286:Constans II (son of Constantine III)
1846:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1594:. South Wiltshire Community Web. n.d
1459:
1387:"Arden, John, and Margaretta D'Arcy"
721:
347:
300:, by the early 15th-century soldier
203:by the mountain madmen in Aber Craf.
113:
1100:. New York: Routledge. p. 26.
440:is an epic drama in three parts by
192:poem, has been seen as a sequel to
88:Arthurian fiction, poetry and drama
13:
3021:List of legendary kings of Britain
1469:. Oakland: Chaosium. p. 179.
1303:. New York: Garland. p. 367.
1140:. New York: Garland. p. 487.
328:at Add MS 14973, includes a prose
14:
3197:
1397:. New York: Garland. p. 11.
1214:. New York: Garland. p. 38.
57:Dialogue of Myrddin and Gwenddydd
3122:
3110:
1293:"Powys, John Cowper (1872–1963)"
636:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies
3166:Female characters in literature
1700:. The National Library of Wales
1653:
1628:
1606:
1580:
1554:
1516:
1490:
1453:
1418:
1378:
1352:
1324:
1284:
1259:
1195:
1161:
1121:
1081:
1041:
995:
914:
532:
479:Namer of Beasts, Maker of Souls
226:
3092:Vera historia de morte Arthuri
1893:. Taipei: Showwe Information.
1395:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
1301:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
1212:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
1204:"Binyon, Laurence (1869–1943)"
1138:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
801:
767:
715:
654:
617:
581:
344:account of Myrddin's madness.
60:and in the 12th-century Latin
1:
1683:
1331:Knowles, Adam Daniel (2003).
1202:Whitaker, Muriel A. (1996) .
335:In the 18th century the poet
298:The Chronicle of the Six Ages
276:Ganieda is, according to the
186:Gwasgargedd Fyrddin yn y Bedd
1641:. London: Dean. p. 1155
1502:Ref 2014 Impact Case Studies
941:UK public library membership
590:"The earliest Myrddin poems"
574:
527:National Eisteddfod of Wales
466:(1988), the second novel in
7:
3086:Trojan genealogy of Nennius
2386:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester
1741:Curley, Michael J. (1994).
1713:Clarke, Basil, ed. (1973).
1088:Goodrich, Peter H. (2003).
426:Cyfoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd
364:. Set during the reign of
16:Character from Welsh legend
10:
3202:
3076:Treason of the Long Knives
1385:Walsh, Martin W. (1996) .
1360:"The Island of the Mighty"
1291:Rutledge, Amelia (1996) .
1266:Miles, Gwyneth F. (1973).
1130:"Veitch, John (1829–1894)"
921:"Markyate, Christina of".
3106:
2964:
2951:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
2038:
1989:
1971:Historia Regum Britanniae
1952:
1425:Ragusoni, Silvia (n.d.).
1092:. In Goodrich, Peter H.;
588:Bollard, John K. (2019).
563:(1925) forms part of the
450:Royal Shakespeare Company
3066:Siege of Exeter (c. 630)
1887:Skupin, Michael (2009).
1868:Parry, John Jay (1925).
1256:, pp. 178–179, 181.
496:'s Welsh-language novel
483:Jessica Amanda Salmonson
438:The Island of the Mighty
139:("The Apple-trees") and
2201:Camber (legendary king)
2111:Augustine of Canterbury
1823:10.3406/ecelt.1959.1317
1128:Hughes, Linda (1996) .
3176:Legendary Welsh people
3010:Gesta Regum Britanniae
2801:Quintus Laberius Durus
2796:Publius Septimius Geta
1890:Merlin, Merlin, Merlin
1805:Jones, Thomas (1959).
1054:Merlin and Other Poems
933:10.1093/ref:odnb/37281
492:The American academic
477:In the 1995 novelette
377:
326:Additional manuscripts
224:
205:
168:
50:, is a character from
36:
2746:Oswald of Northumbria
2291:Constantine the Great
1429:Il Ritorno di Myrddin
810:Loomis, Roger Sherman
774:Lupack, Alan (2005).
663:Modern Language Notes
407:The Madness of Merlin
371:
293:Later Welsh tradition
287:Christina of Markyate
214:
199:
162:
24:
3161:Britons of the North
3156:Arthurian characters
2751:Oswiu of Northumbria
2576:Julius Asclepiodotus
2501:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
2376:Edwin of Northumbria
2301:Constantine (Briton)
2171:Budic II of Brittany
2146:Bledric ap Custennin
2071:Ambrosius Aurelianus
1946:Geoffrey of Monmouth
1773:; Jarman, A. O. H.;
1747:. New York: Twayne.
1744:Geoffrey of Monmouth
1616:. Royal Academy. n.d
1094:Thompson, Raymond H.
565:Monument néoceltique
552:The Breton sculptor
396:Merlin and the Gleam
358:The Quest for Merlin
124:Geoffrey of Monmouth
68:Geoffrey of Monmouth
3186:Mythological queens
2977:Battle of Arfderydd
2856:Silvius (mythology)
2556:Ingenius of Britain
2441:Gogmagog (folklore)
2311:Cordelia of Britain
2306:Constantius Chlorus
2196:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
1775:Roberts, Brynley F.
1244:, pp. 177–178.
992:, pp. 325–326.
968:, pp. 315–345.
561:Taliésin et Ganiéda
354:John Stuart-Glennie
90:by writers such as
34:Hubert von Herkomer
3171:Fictional prophets
2956:Ĺ’thelwald of Deira
2946:Æthelberht of Kent
2936:Wulfhere of Mercia
2876:Son of Gorbonianus
2781:Pir of the Britons
2731:Nennius of Britain
2466:Gracianus Municeps
2356:Dunvallo Molmutius
2161:Brutus Greenshield
1963:Prophetiae Merlini
1665:Le Corpus Étampois
1098:Merlin: A Casebook
468:Stephen R. Lawhead
108:Stephen R. Lawhead
37:
3138:
3137:
3036:Matter of Britain
2998:Brut y Tywysogion
2992:Battle of Guoloph
2987:Battle of Camlann
2851:Septimius Severus
2816:Regan (King Lear)
2686:Marius of Britain
2636:Lucius of Britain
2526:Hengist and Horsa
2061:Alhfrith of Deira
2015:Brut y Brenhinedd
1691:Bartrum, Peter C.
1588:"Hubert Herkomer"
1461:Karr, Phyllis Ann
1431:di Sthephen [
939:(Subscription or
911:, pp. 16–17.
863:, pp. 14–15.
567:produced for the
554:Louis-Henri Nicot
543:Royal Academician
505:
446:Margaretta D'Arcy
422:John Cowper Powys
348:Modern literature
243:Caledonian Forest
151:somewhere in the
114:Early Welsh verse
104:Margaretta D'Arcy
96:John Cowper Powys
32:engraving by Sir
3193:
3129:Wikisource texts
3126:
3114:
3113:
3098:Walter of Oxford
2836:Rud Hud Hudibras
2811:Redon of Britain
2571:Julius and Aaron
2516:Helena (empress)
2491:Gurguit Barbtruc
2116:Aurelius Conanus
1939:
1932:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1871:The Vita Merlini
1864:
1862:
1860:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1811:Études celtiques
1801:
1799:
1797:
1771:Bromwich, Rachel
1765:
1763:
1761:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1677:
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1623:
1621:
1610:
1604:
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1601:
1599:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1566:Welsh Icons News
1558:
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719:
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633:
621:
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585:
524:
502:
411:Gordon Bottomley
306:William Langland
42:, also known as
3201:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3102:
2982:Battle of Badon
2960:
2906:Uther Pendragon
2766:Penda of Mercia
2756:Owain mab Urien
2656:Maelgwn Gwynedd
2646:Lud son of Heli
2641:Lucius Tiberius
2621:Leir of Britain
2566:Jago of Britain
2511:Queen Gwendolen
2436:Goffar the Pict
2211:Capetus Silvius
2034:
1985:
1948:
1943:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1877:
1875:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1838:Knight, Stephen
1827:
1825:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1703:
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1617:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1586:
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1571:
1569:
1568:. 5 August 2010
1560:
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1458:
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1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1391:Lacy, Norris J.
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1297:Lacy, Norris J.
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1264:
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1252:
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1236:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1208:Lacy, Norris J.
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1134:Lacy, Norris J.
1126:
1122:
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1110:
1108:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
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1046:
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984:
976:
972:
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948:
938:
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743:
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739:
720:
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708:
704:
696:
692:
675:10.2307/2917618
659:
655:
645:
643:
631:
627:(Summer 2006).
622:
618:
608:
606:
604:
586:
582:
577:
539:Hubert Herkomer
535:
518:
472:Pendragon Cycle
458:Heather Canning
454:Aldwych Theatre
403:Laurence Binyon
374:
369:
350:
323:British Library
295:
231:
217:
212:
202:
197:
165:
160:
126:'s Latin verse
116:
92:Laurence Binyon
17:
12:
11:
5:
3199:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3120:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3041:Molmutine Laws
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
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2962:
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2928:
2923:
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2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Sawyl Penuchel
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Rhydderch Hael
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:Magnus Maximus
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Humber the Hun
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
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2463:
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2428:
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2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:Conan Meriadoc
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Cassivellaunus
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:Cap of Britain
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:Cadfan ap Iago
2173:
2168:
2166:Brutus of Troy
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1899:
1884:
1865:
1852:
1834:
1817:(2): 315–345.
1802:
1789:
1766:
1753:
1738:
1725:
1716:Life of Merlin
1710:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1652:
1627:
1605:
1579:
1553:
1540:978-8380613249
1539:
1515:
1489:
1475:
1452:
1435:] Lawhead"
1417:
1403:
1377:
1351:
1323:
1309:
1283:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1220:
1194:
1180:
1160:
1146:
1120:
1107:978-0815306580
1106:
1090:"Introduction"
1080:
1078:, p. 153.
1068:
1040:
1038:, p. 187.
1028:
1014:
994:
982:
980:, p. 357.
970:
958:
956:, p. 121.
946:
913:
901:
899:, p. 184.
889:
887:, p. 127.
877:
865:
853:
838:
825:978-0198115885
824:
800:
786:
766:
764:, p. 120.
751:
737:
725:, ed. (2006).
714:
712:, p. 119.
702:
700:, p. 356.
690:
669:(6): 163–169.
653:
616:
602:
579:
578:
576:
573:
534:
531:
349:
346:
294:
291:
230:
225:
115:
112:
80:Rhydderch Hael
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3198:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
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3159:
3157:
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3149:
3148:
3146:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
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2952:
2949:
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2937:
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2929:
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2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Sisillius III
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
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2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
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2797:
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2769:
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2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Myrddin Wyllt
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Julius Caesar
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
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2542:
2539:
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2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Edern ap Nudd
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
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2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2002:
2001:
2000:Roman de Brut
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1902:
1900:9789862212196
1896:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1855:
1853:9780801443657
1849:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1792:
1790:9780708311073
1786:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1728:
1726:9780708305201
1722:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1615:
1609:
1593:
1592:The Idyllists
1589:
1583:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1006:
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
955:
950:
942:
934:
930:
926:
925:
917:
910:
905:
898:
893:
886:
881:
875:, p. 20.
874:
869:
862:
857:
851:, p. 10.
850:
845:
843:
827:
821:
817:
816:
811:
804:
789:
787:9780199215096
783:
779:
778:
770:
763:
758:
756:
740:
734:
730:
729:
724:
723:Koch, John T.
718:
711:
706:
699:
694:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
641:
637:
630:
626:
620:
605:
603:9781786833433
599:
595:
591:
584:
580:
572:
570:
566:
562:
559:
555:
550:
548:
545:, produced a
544:
540:
530:
528:
522:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
500:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
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459:
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447:
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427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
370:
367:
363:
359:
355:
345:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
324:
319:
317:
313:
312:
311:Piers Plowman
307:
303:
302:Elis Gruffydd
299:
290:
288:
284:
279:
274:
272:
267:
263:
258:
254:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
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2736:Octa of Kent
2671:Queen Marcia
2666:Mandubracius
2541:Iago ap Beli
2505:
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2013:
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1991:Translations
1979:Vita Merlini
1977:
1969:
1961:
1904:. Retrieved
1889:
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1441:(in Italian)
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1364:Theatricalia
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1049:Veitch, John
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978:Bartrum 2009
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619:
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593:
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533:Works of art
525:at the 2010
508:Vita Merlini
507:
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494:Jerry Hunter
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262:Norman kings
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190:vaticinatory
185:
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127:
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63:Vita Merlini
61:
56:
52:Welsh legend
47:
43:
39:
38:
25:
18:
3081:Trinovantum
2931:Vortiporius
2886:Tasciovanus
2861:Sisillius I
2681:Marganus II
2456:Gorbonianus
2336:Saint David
2096:King Arthur
2051:Saint Alban
2029:MerlĂnĂşsspá
2022:Breta sögur
1254:Skupin 2009
1242:Skupin 2009
1076:Skupin 2009
1036:Knight 2009
954:Curley 1994
897:Clarke 1973
885:Curley 1994
873:Clarke 1973
849:Knight 2009
762:Jarman 1991
710:Jarman 1991
519: [
516:Prose Medal
420:The writer
384:John Veitch
170:Similarly,
3145:Categories
2691:Mempricius
2496:Gurgustius
2486:Gurgintius
2346:Diocletian
2341:Digueillus
2326:Cunobeline
2321:Cunedagius
2126:Beldgabred
2101:Arvirargus
2076:Amphibalus
2056:Albanactus
2039:Characters
2006:Layamon's
1754:0805770550
1684:References
1476:1568820968
1404:0815323034
1310:0815323034
1221:0815323034
1181:0859911365
1147:0815323034
1015:1843840685
990:Jones 1959
966:Jones 1959
943:required.)
909:Parry 1925
861:Parry 1925
738:1851094407
571:in Paris.
558:bas-relief
442:John Arden
356:published
266:Telgesinus
220:Gwenddolau
157:Afallennau
137:Afallennau
135:The poems
100:John Arden
28:(1891), a
3117:Wikiquote
3056:Riothamus
3004:Excalibur
2921:Vortigern
2916:Vespasian
2806:Redechius
2791:Porrex II
2776:Peredurus
2761:Pandrasus
2506:Gwenddydd
2481:Guithelin
2476:Guinevere
2471:Guiderius
2421:Fulgenius
2411:Eudaf Hen
2406:Estrildis
2401:Enniaunus
2261:Cledaucus
2231:Carausius
2226:Caradocus
2221:Caracalla
2191:Cadwaladr
2131:Beli Mawr
2086:Archgallo
2081:Andragius
1982:(c. 1150)
1974:(c. 1136)
1966:(c. 1135)
1525:Gwenddydd
575:Footnotes
499:Gwenddydd
388:Hwimleian
366:Vortigern
247:Rodarchus
207:Finally,
153:Old North
122:, and in
72:Old North
40:Gwenddydd
26:Gwenddydd
3016:Lailoken
2926:Vortimer
2881:Taliesin
2786:Porrex I
2721:Morvidus
2716:Morgause
2696:Merianus
2676:Marganus
2631:King Lot
2626:Locrinus
2601:Kinarius
2596:Kimarcus
2451:Gorboduc
2431:Gerennus
2391:Elidurus
2361:Ebraucus
2351:Dionotus
2316:Corineus
2271:Coel Hen
2266:Clotenus
2256:Claudius
2246:Catigern
2241:Catellus
2156:Brennius
2121:Bedivere
2106:Ascanius
2091:Archmail
2066:Allectus
1840:(2009).
1777:(eds.).
1693:(2009).
1463:(1997).
1096:(eds.).
1051:(1889).
547:drypoint
394:'s poem
392:Tennyson
341:Anglesey
283:Lailoken
239:Merlinus
149:wild man
44:Gwendydd
30:drypoint
3051:Pridwen
3046:Nennius
2911:Venissa
2901:Urianus
2891:Trahern
2831:Rivallo
2771:Peredur
2711:Mordred
2611:Lavinia
2606:Latinus
2591:Keredic
2586:Sir Kay
2561:Innogen
2551:Igraine
2546:Idvallo
2521:Helenus
2461:Gorlois
2446:Goneril
2151:Bledudo
2136:Belinus
1439:Myrddin
1393:(ed.).
1299:(ed.).
1210:(ed.).
1136:(ed.).
812:(ed.).
684:2917618
642:: 40–41
452:at the
194:Cyfoesi
145:Hoianau
48:Ganieda
3181:Merlin
3031:Logres
2972:Avalon
2965:Topics
2896:Turnus
2826:Rience
2706:Millus
2701:Merlin
2651:Maddan
2426:Gawain
2416:Ferrex
2366:Edadus
2331:Danius
2276:Coilus
2251:Cherin
2216:Capoir
2141:Bladud
2046:Aeneas
1906:20 May
1897:
1878:17 May
1859:17 May
1850:
1828:17 May
1796:17 May
1787:
1760:17 May
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1732:17 May
1723:
1704:17 May
1671:23 May
1645:23 May
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1572:23 May
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1508:23 May
1482:23 May
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1445:23 May
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1370:23 May
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1227:23 May
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937:
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735:
681:
646:21 May
609:21 May
600:
464:Merlin
431:Porius
380:Merlin
172:Oianau
141:Oianau
76:Merlin
2941:Ywain
2741:Oenus
2396:Eliud
2381:Eldol
2186:Cador
2181:Cadoc
1954:Works
1698:(PDF)
1667:. n.d
1504:. n.d
1389:. In
1366:. n.d
1338:(PDF)
1295:. In
1206:. In
1132:. In
679:JSTOR
632:(PDF)
523:]
487:Sheol
481:, by
278:Vita'
2841:Runo
2616:Leil
2531:Hoel
2008:Brut
1908:2020
1895:ISBN
1880:2020
1861:2020
1848:ISBN
1830:2020
1798:2020
1785:ISBN
1762:2020
1749:ISBN
1734:2020
1721:ISBN
1706:2020
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1600:2020
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1471:ISBN
1447:2020
1412:2020
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1372:2020
1346:2020
1318:2020
1305:ISBN
1278:2020
1229:2020
1216:ISBN
1189:2020
1176:ISBN
1155:2020
1142:ISBN
1115:2020
1102:ISBN
1063:2020
1023:2020
1010:ISBN
833:2020
820:ISBN
795:2020
782:ISBN
746:2020
733:ISBN
648:2020
611:2020
598:ISBN
541:, a
512:PTSD
444:and
233:The
106:and
46:and
1819:doi
1433:sic
929:doi
671:doi
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