174:(with the name Liu Ziyu (劉子輿)) rose against Gengshi Emperor in late 23, Prince Yang supported his claim. In 24, however, as Liu Xiu, still an official under Gengshi Emperor, was trying to pacify the region, he engaged in talks with Liu Yang, and they reached an alliance, under which Liu Xiu took Liu Yang's niece Guo in marriage. (Liu Xiu was already married to Yin Lihua at the time, and it is not clear what Guo's status was vis-à-vis Yin, although Yin was likely in Liu's and her home territory of Nanyang (modern
202:
Empress Guo would be one of the empresses who would give birth to the most princes in Han history (a status she would eventually share with Yin), as she gave birth to five sons. However, as the years went by, Emperor
Guangwu continued to favor his first love Consort Yin and not Empress Guo. This is
185:
In 25, after Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor of a restored Han dynasty (as
Emperor Guangwu), Guo was created an imperial consort. That year, she gave birth to his first son, Liu Jiang (劉疆). Her position would not change, even though her uncle Liu Yang was suspected of planning a rebellion and
189:
Also in 26, Emperor
Guangwu considered creating an empress. He favored his first love, Consort Yin. However, Consort Yin had not yet had a son by that point, and she declined the empress position and endorsed Consort Guo. Emperor Guangwu therefore created Guo empress and her son Prince Jiang
203:
even as he favored her brother Guo Kuang (郭況) as an official and promoted him on a number of occasions. She continuously complained about her lack of favor, which made
Emperor Guangwu angry. In 41, he deposed her from her empress position and created Yin empress to replace her.
165:
was crumbling, Liu Yang rose in rebellion and, as his family had hereditary authority in Zhen'ding, the people followed him, and he reclaimed the title of Prince of Zhen'ding. He became a regional power in his principality and nearby commanderies. He nominally submitted to
186:
killed in 26. (Despite that incident, Emperor
Guangwu permitted Liu Yang's son and Consort Guo's cousin Liu De (劉得) to inherit the Principality of Zhen'ding, although he would be demoted to marquess in 37 as part of a major reorganization of noble titles.)
206:
Empress Guo did not suffer the fate of other deposed empresses in history, however—imprisonment or death. Rather, Emperor
Guangwu, who has by that point created his sons only as dukes, promoted her son Liu Fu (劉輔) to Prince of
227:. Her cousins Guo Jing (郭竟) and Guo Kuang (郭匡, not to be confused with her brother), for their achievements in Emperor Guangwu's administration, were created marquesses as well, as was her cousin's husband Chen Mao (陳茂).
219:
After
Empress Guo was deposed, Emperor Guangwu continued to bestow her family honors as would otherwise befit an empress' family. Her brother Guo Kuang, already a marquess, was bestowed a large
211:
and created her the
Princess Dowager of Zhongshan—a title that had not previously been and would not be later used for any mother of an imperial prince whose husband was still alive.
150:). Her mother was a daughter of Liu Pu (劉普), Prince Gong of Zhen'ding—a hereditary prince descended from the Western Han imperial house, as a sixth generation descendant of
966:
240:
In 52, Princess
Dowager Guo died at the age of 46 and was buried with honors, but not the honors of an empress, nor was she buried at Emperor Guangwu's eventual tomb.
154:, and she carried the courtesy title of Lady. After Guo's maternal grandfather's death in 7 BCE, her uncle Liu Yang (劉楊) inherited the principality. When
237:
and burial. He also posthumously created Guo Chang, Princess
Dowager Guo's father, a marquess and had his casket reburied with honors with his wife.
297:. However, her biography did indicate that her brother Guo Kuang was younger than her, and was 16 (by East Asian reckoning) in 25 (1st year of the
946:
142:
Guo Shengtong came from a wealthy family. Her father Guo Chang (郭昌) was a major landowner in the Zhen'ding Commandery (真定, roughly modern
130:(Liu Xiu), the founder of Eastern Han. She eventually lost her husband's favor and was deposed in 41 in favor of his first wife,
441:
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954:
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223:, and given such great wealth that his mansion was nicknamed "the gold mine" by the people of the capital
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87:
134:. However, both she and her family continued to be respected and honored even after she was deposed.
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usurped the Han throne, he was demoted to duke, and the following year demoted to a commoner.
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In 44, Prince Fu's principality was moved to Pei, and Princess Dowager Guo went with him.
8:
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In 50, Princess Dowager Guo's mother died, and Emperor Guangwu personally attended her
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Lady Guo's age when she died was not recorded in her biography in
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220:
119:
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639:
179:
147:
182:) at the time, thus avoiding a direct difficult situation.)
137:
264:. Her son Liu Qiang was made Crown Prince on the same day.
170:. When the pretender Wang Lang, claiming to be a son of
126:
dynasty. She was the second wife and first empress of
1005:
449:
276:day of the 10th month of the 17th year of the
435:
313:day of the 6th month of the 28th year of the
284:. Yin Lihua was made empress on the same day.
16:Empress of the Eastern Han dynasty (6–52 CE)
442:
428:
138:Family background and marriage to Liu Xiu
317:era, per Emperor Guangwu's biography in
280:era, per Emperor Guangwu's biography in
260:era, per Emperor Guangwu's biography in
1006:
214:
423:
13:
382:Empress of the Eastern Han dynasty
14:
1050:
256:6th month of the 2nd year of the
118:(郭聖通; 6? – 22 July 52 CE) was an
100:Liu Yan, Prince Jian of Zhongshan
84:Liu Qiang, Prince Gong of Donghai
848:Grand Empress Dowager Qiongcheng
109:Guo Chang, Marquess Si of Yin'an
843:Grand Empress Dowager Shangguan
403:Empress Shi of the Xin dynasty
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1:
967:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
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451:Empresses of the Han dynasty
96:Liu Yan, Prince Ji of Fuling
92:Liu Kang, Prince An of Jinan
7:
10:
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1034:1st-century Chinese people
730:Empress Dowager Qiongcheng
58:10 July 26 – 1 December 41
18:
1029:1st-century Chinese women
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838:Grand Empress Dowager Dou
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725:Empress Dowager Shangguan
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161:Circa 23, as Wang Mang's
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858:Grand Empress Dowager Fu
833:Grand Empress Dowager Bo
828:Grand Empress Dowager Lü
813:Grand empresses dowager
1039:Emperor Guangwu of Han
71:Emperor Guangwu of Han
1014:Han dynasty empresses
319:Book of the Later Han
295:Book of the Later Han
282:Book of the Later Han
262:Book of the Later Han
868:Posthumous empresses
750:Empress Dowager Wang
778:Empress Dowager Dou
715:Empress Dowager Dou
215:As princess dowager
49:Eastern Han dynasty
803:Empress Dowager He
773:Empress Dowager Ma
740:Empress Dowager Fu
710:Empress Dowager Bo
705:Empress Dowager Lü
88:Liu Fu, Prince Pei
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690:Empresses dowager
523:Empress Shangguan
468:Empresses consort
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389:Succeeded by
330:Book of Later Han
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906:Consort Liang
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735:Wang Zhengjun
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610:Guo Shengtong
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543:Wang Zhengjun
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172:Emperor Cheng
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116:Guo Shengtong
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57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
39:Guo Shengtong
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
955:N. Dynasties
951:S. Dynasties
911:Consort Song
665:Empress Song
650:Liang Nüying
609:
584:Empress Wang
563:Empress Wang
538:Empress Wang
533:Huo Chengjun
408:
380:
376:New dynasty
375:
340:
328:
318:
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306:
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269:
261:
257:
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239:
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205:
201:
192:crown prince
188:
184:
160:
152:Emperor Jing
144:Shijiazhuang
141:
115:
114:
28:
21:Chinese name
1019:AD 6 births
947:16 Kingdoms
898:Eastern Han
875:Western Han
820:Western Han
760:Eastern Han
745:Zhao Feiyan
697:Western Han
680:Empress Cao
655:Deng Mengnü
630:Empress Yin
602:Eastern Han
591:Empress Shi
574:Xin dynasty
553:Zhao Feiyan
498:Empress Dou
475:Western Han
460:Han dynasty
333:, vol. 10,
163:Xin dynasty
124:Eastern Han
122:during the
25:family name
1008:Categories
939:3 Kingdoms
888:Lady Gouyi
670:Empress He
620:Empress Ma
558:Empress Fu
548:Empress Xu
528:Xu Pingjun
503:Empress Bo
493:Empress Lü
483:Empress Lü
244:References
198:As empress
1024:52 deaths
768:Yin Lihua
615:Yin Lihua
513:Chen Jiao
488:Zhang Yan
393:Yin Lihua
209:Zhongshan
156:Wang Mang
132:Yin Lihua
798:Dou Miao
793:Liang Na
783:Deng Sui
720:Wang Zhi
660:Dou Miao
645:Liang Na
635:Deng Sui
518:Wei Zifu
508:Wang Zhi
391:Empress
345:, vols.
19:In this
883:Lady Li
675:Fu Shou
315:Jian'wu
311:dingmao
299:Jian'wu
278:Jian'wu
258:Jian'wu
225:Luoyang
176:Nanyang
120:empress
73:(m. 24)
47:of the
979:W. Xia
921:Xia →
788:Yan Ji
640:Yan Ji
414:26–41
386:26–41
335:Part 1
106:Father
67:Spouse
55:Tenure
23:, the
923:Shang
301:era).
274:xinsi
221:march
180:Henan
148:Hebei
79:Issue
995:Qing
991:Ming
987:Yuan
975:Song
971:Liao
963:Tang
927:Zhou
235:wake
983:Jīn
959:Sui
943:Jìn
935:Han
931:Qin
30:Guo
27:is
1010::
993:→
989:→
985:→
981:/
977:/
973:/
969:→
965:→
961:→
957:→
953:/
949:→
945:/
941:→
937:→
933:→
929:→
925:→
359:44
357:,
355:43
353:,
351:40
349:,
347:39
194:.
178:,
146:,
593:)
589:(
586:)
582:(
576:)
572:(
443:e
436:t
429:v
361:.
337:.
33:.
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