25:
303:, and can be applied to domain computers. Prior to Windows Vista, LGP could enforce a Group Policy Object for a single local computer, but could not make policies for individual users or groups. From Windows Vista onward, LGP allow Local Group Policy management for individual users and groups as well, and also allows backup, importing and exporting of policies between standalone machines via "GPO Packs" – group policy containers which include the files needed to import the policy to the destination machine.
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193:, Microsoft Windows does so every five minutes. During the refresh, it discovers, fetches and applies all GPOs that apply to the machine and to logged-on users. Some settings - such as those for automated software installation, drive mappings, startup scripts or logon scripts - only apply during startup or user logon. Since
77:(including Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2003+) that controls the working environment of user accounts and computer accounts. Group Policy provides centralized management and configuration of operating systems, applications, and users' settings in an
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AGPM consists of two parts - server and client. The server is a
Windows Service that stores its Group Policy Objects in an archive located on the same computer or a network share. The client is a snap-in to the Group Policy Management Console, and connects to the AGPM server. Configuration of the
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Group
Policies, in part, control what users can and cannot do on a computer system. For example, a Group Policy can be used to enforce a password complexity policy that prevents users from choosing an overly simple password. Other examples include: allowing or preventing unidentified users from
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Group Policy
Preferences are a way for the administrator to set policies that are not mandatory, but optional for the user or computer. There is a set of group policy setting extensions that were previously known as PolicyMaker. Microsoft bought PolicyMaker and then integrated them with
273:. It can be blocked or enforced to control what policies are applied at each level. If a higher level administrator (enterprise administrator) creates a policy that has inheritance blocked by a lower level administrator (domain administrator), this policy will still be processed.
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in which the computer resides. (An Active
Directory site is a logical grouping of computers, intended to facilitate management of those computers based on their physical proximity.) If multiple policies are linked to a site, they are processed in the order set by the
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is the process of customizing the scope of the GPO by choosing a (WMI) filter to apply. These filters allow administrators to apply the GPO only to, for example, computers of specific models, RAM, installed software, or anything available via WMI queries.
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has introduced a new feature called Group Policy Update. This feature allows an administrator to force a group policy update on all computers with accounts in a particular
Organizational Unit. This creates a scheduled task on the computer which runs the
252:
in which the computer or user are placed. (OUs are logical units that help organizing and managing a group of users, computers or other Active
Directory objects.) If multiple policies are linked to an OU, they are processed in the order set by the
173:
To accomplish the goal of central management of a group of computers, machines should receive and enforce GPOs. A GPO that resides on a single machine only applies to that computer. To apply a GPO to a group of computers, Group Policy relies on
389:(a.k.a. MDOP). This advanced tool allows administrators to have a check in/out process for modification Group Policy Objects, track changes to Group Policy Objects, and implement approval workflows for changes to Group Policy Objects.
404:
Alternatively, a malevolent user can modify or interfere with the application so that it cannot successfully read its Group Policy settings, thus enforcing potentially lower security defaults or even returning arbitrary values.
218:- Any settings in the computer's local policy. Prior to Windows Vista, there was only one local group policy stored per computer. Windows Vista and later Windows versions allow individual group policies per user accounts.
319:
Group Policy
Preferences adds a number of new configuration items. These items also have a number of additional targeting options that can be used to granularly control the application of these setting items.
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The resulting Group Policy settings applied to a given computer or user are known as the
Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP). RSoP information may be displayed for both computers and users using the
363:
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Where a Group Policy
Preference Settings is configured and there is also an equivalent Group Policy Setting configured, then the value of the Group Policy Setting will take precedence.
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has also released a tool to make changes to Group Policy called
Advanced Group Policy Management (a.k.a. AGPM). This tool is available for any organization that has licensed the
147:
technologies, Group Policy aims to reduce the cost of supporting users. IntelliMirror technologies relate to the management of disconnected machines or roaming users and include
401:
Group Policy settings are enforced voluntarily by the targeted applications. In many cases, this merely consists of disabling the user interface for a particular function.
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A policy setting inside a hierarchical structure is ordinarily passed from parent to children, and from children to grandchildren, and so forth. This is termed
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Group Policy Infrastructure Status was introduced, which can report when any Group Policy Objects are not replicated correctly amongst domain controllers.
354:(MMC) snap-in, but it was later split into a separate MMC snap-in called the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC). The GPMC is now a user component in
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Group Policy Preferences are compatible with x86 and x64 versions of Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Vista with the addition of the
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Originally, Group Policies were modified using the Group Policy Edit tool that was integrated with Active Directory Users and Computers
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Group Policy Results Report also has a new feature that times the execution of individual components when doing a Group Policy Update.
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in which the computer resides. If multiple policies are linked to a domain, they are processed in the order set by the administrator.
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316:. Microsoft has since released a migration tool that allows users to migrate PolicyMaker items to Group Policy Preferences.
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shared by the Active Directory server. If a group policy has registry settings, the associated file share will have a file
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is a more basic version of Group Policy for standalone and non-domain computers, that has existed at least since
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By default, Microsoft Windows refreshes its policy settings every 90 minutes with a random 30 minutes offset. On
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786:"Windows - Official Site for Microsoft Windows 10 Home & Pro OS, laptops, PCs, tablets & more"
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command within 10 minutes, adjusted by a random offset to avoid overloading the domain controller.
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The Policy Editor (gpedit.msc) is not provided on Home versions of Windows XP/Vista/7/8/8.1/10/11.
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710:"Group Policy Preference Client Side Extensions for Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition (KB943729)"
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674:"Group Policy Preference Client Side Extensions for Windows Vista x64 Edition (KB943729)"
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182:) for distribution. Active Directory can distribute GPOs to computers which belong to a
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Microsoft Remote Server Administration Tools for Windows Vista for x64-based Systems
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Group Policy Objects are processed in the following order (from top to bottom):
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656:"Group Policy Preference Client Side Extensions for Windows Vista (KB943729)"
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Active Directory servers disseminate group policies by listing them in their
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620:"Group Policy Preference Client Side Extensions for Windows XP (KB943729)"
563:"Group Policy - Apply to a Specific User or Group - Windows 7 Help Forums"
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728:"How to Install GPMC on Server 2008, 2008 R2, and Windows 7 (via RSAT)"
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Parts of this article (those related to Windows 10 issues) need to be
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918:"Step-by-Step Guide to Managing Multiple Local Group Policy Objects"
471:"Step-by-Step Guide to Managing Multiple Local Group Policy Objects"
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Microsoft Remote Server Administration Tools for Windows Vista
16:
Feature of the Microsoft Windows NT family of operating systems
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Group Policy Settings Reference for Windows and Windows Server
108:) that store the actual group policy objects, typically in an
81:
environment. A set of Group Policy configurations is called a
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859:"Windows 8 Group Policy Performance Troubleshooting Feature"
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with the registry settings that the client needs to apply.
97:
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845:"Updated: What's new with Group Policy in Windows 8"
514:"[MS-GPOD]: Group Policy Protocols Overview"
377:
345:
600:"Group Policy Preference Migration Tool (GPPMIG)"
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1025:
774:Remote Server Administration Tools for Windows 7
820:"Circumventing Group Policy as a Limited User"
2780:
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362:and is provided as a download as part of the
104:. These refer to fileserver paths (attribute
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817:
330:Client Side Extensions are now included in
306:
2787:
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1004:
807:"Shell policy is not the same as security"
442:Group Policy improvements in Windows Vista
469:LLC), Tara Meyer (Aquent (25 July 2008).
408:
250:Active Directory organizational unit (OU)
238:- Any Group Policies associated with the
224:- Any Group Policies associated with the
938:"Group Policy processing and precedence"
549:"Group Policy processing and precedence"
54:
551:. Microsoft Corporation. 22 April 2012.
486:
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393:client is performed via Group Policy.
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2625:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
999:
297:Local Group Policy (LGP, or LocalGPO)
291:
481:
468:
89:). A version of Group Policy called
18:
1754:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
506:
459:
387:Microsoft Desktop Optimization Pack
13:
2085:User Interface Privilege Isolation
869:
490:
364:Remote Server Administration Tools
14:
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958:
898:"Group Policy Management Console"
818:Russinovich, Mark (2019-06-26) .
248:- Group policies assigned to the
178:(or on third-party products like
136:remote computers to connect to a
100:directory under objects of class
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942:Windows Server 2003 Product Help
378:Advanced Group Policy Management
59:Local Security Policy editor in
23:
1814:Remote Differential Compression
922:Windows Vista Technical Library
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518:1.1.5 Group Policy Data Storage
346:Group Policy Management Console
2670:Windows System Assessment Tool
612:
592:
580:Archiveddocs (18 April 2012).
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555:
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493:"SCM v2 Beta: LocalGPO Rocks!"
264:
168:
69:is a feature of the Microsoft
1:
452:
1959:Open XML Paper Specification
1819:Remote Installation Services
1027:Microsoft Windows components
944:. Microsoft. 21 January 2005
904:. Microsoft. 3 February 2012
878:"Group Policy for Beginners"
730:. 2009-12-23. Archived from
352:Microsoft Management Console
279:
130:
7:
2111:Windows Subsystem for Linux
2070:Mandatory Integrity Control
1824:Windows Deployment Services
1621:Wireless Zero Configuration
882:Windows 7 Technical Library
430:
396:
180:ZENworks Desktop Management
10:
3932:
2213:Universal Windows Platform
1919:Kernel Transaction Manager
1904:Hardware Abstraction Layer
1601:Multimedia Class Scheduler
884:. Microsoft. 27 April 2011
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1408:Remote Desktop Connection
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924:. Microsoft. 25 July 2008
714:Microsoft Download Center
696:Microsoft Download Center
678:Microsoft Download Center
660:Microsoft Download Center
642:Microsoft Download Center
624:Microsoft Download Center
2030:Security and Maintenance
1974:Security Account Manager
1568:Windows XP visual styles
307:Group Policy preferences
2615:Media Control Interface
2449:Help and Support Center
2065:Kernel Patch Protection
1829:System Resource Manager
1809:Remote Desktop Services
1804:Print Services for UNIX
1586:Service Control Manager
1196:Windows Error Reporting
1116:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
824:Microsoft Community Hub
437:Administrative Template
143:As part of Microsoft's
3916:Windows administration
2838:File system navigation
2595:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
2171:COM Structured storage
1872:Desktop Window Manager
1764:Windows Media Services
974:Group Policy Team Blog
409:Windows 8 enhancements
360:Windows Server 2008 R2
340:Windows Server 2008 R2
325:Client Side Extensions
63:
3880:Windows Support Tools
3875:Environment variables
2223:Windows Mixed Reality
1894:Enhanced Write Filter
1744:Roaming user profiles
586:technet.microsoft.com
516:. Microsoft. Section
327:(also known as CSE).
150:roaming user profiles
58:
3870:List of DOS commands
3768:Software development
3595:Maintenance and care
2504:Mobile Device Center
2454:Health & Fitness
2252:Solitaire Collection
2080:User Account Control
2075:Protected Media Path
1979:Server Message Block
1929:Logical Disk Manager
1181:System Policy Editor
1166:System Configuration
902:Dev Center - Desktop
102:groupPolicyContainer
2650:Virtual DOS machine
1994:System Idle Process
1969:Resource Protection
1877:Portable Executable
1769:Active DRM Services
1171:System File Checker
1141:Performance Monitor
567:www.sevenforums.com
356:Windows Server 2008
332:Windows Server 2008
314:Windows Server 2008
246:Organizational Unit
83:Group Policy Object
3911:Windows components
2824:Windows PowerShell
2655:Windows on Windows
2379:Backup and Restore
2191:Transaction Server
1909:I/O request packet
1749:Folder redirection
1418:Speech Recognition
1176:System Information
1131:Management Console
979:2010-04-20 at the
861:. 23 January 2012.
847:. 17 October 2011.
292:Local Group Policy
191:domain controllers
156:folder redirection
91:Local Group Policy
64:
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3887:
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2688:
2687:
2645:Video for Windows
2600:Games for Windows
2469:Internet Explorer
1563:Windows Spotlight
1206:Windows Installer
790:www.microsoft.com
447:Workgroup Manager
75:operating systems
53:
52:
3923:
3906:Active Directory
3901:Windows commands
3239:User environment
2829:Recovery Console
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2660:Windows SideShow
2439:Food & Drink
2333:Spider Solitaire
2273:
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2166:ActiveX Document
2134:Active Scripting
2090:Windows Firewall
2045:Credential Guard
1724:Active Directory
1521:Indexing Service
1151:Resource Monitor
1146:Recovery Console
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967:Official website
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2728:
2696:Microsoft Store
2694:
2684:
2630:POSIX subsystem
2610:File Protection
2583:
2554:Program Manager
2539:Phone Companion
2529:Outlook Express
2479:Make Compatible
2409:Desktop Gadgets
2369:Anytime Upgrade
2352:
2264:
2237:
2228:Windows Runtime
2120:
2094:
2060:Family features
2018:
1843:
1799:DFS Replication
1710:
1625:
1616:Error Reporting
1572:
1472:
1348:Mobility Center
1343:Movies & TV
1237:
1221:Windows Insider
1111:Driver Verifier
1106:Drive Optimizer
1073:
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1058:Booting process
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981:Wayback Machine
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870:Further reading
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61:Windows 11
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24:
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12:
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2819:Command Prompt
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2807:
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2803:shell builtins
2792:
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2559:Steps Recorder
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2186:OLE Automation
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
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2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1954:Object Manager
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Imaging Format
1911:
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1611:Task Scheduler
1608:
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1598:
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1543:
1541:Special folder
1538:
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1528:
1523:
1513:
1508:
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1498:
1493:
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1455:
1453:Voice Recorder
1450:
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1405:
1400:
1395:
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1288:
1283:
1278:
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1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1216:Windows Update
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:System Restore
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Device Manager
1093:
1088:
1086:Command Prompt
1083:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1000:
994:
993:
991:Force Gpupdate
988:
983:
971:
960:
959:External links
957:
955:
954:
934:
914:
894:
873:
871:
868:
865:
864:
850:
836:
810:
795:
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755:
744:
719:
701:
683:
665:
647:
629:
611:
591:
572:
554:
540:
529:
505:
491:Sigman, Jeff.
480:
457:
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398:
395:
379:
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308:
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266:
263:
255:
254:
253:administrator.
243:
240:Windows domain
233:
232:administrator.
219:
206:command prompt
184:Windows domain
170:
167:
132:
129:
113:
106:gPCFileSysPath
51:
50:
44:September 2018
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3928:
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3808:
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3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:Miscellaneous
3793:
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3648:
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3622:eventtriggers
3620:
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3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
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3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
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3320:File contents
3318:
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3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
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3211:
3208:
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3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
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3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
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3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
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2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:programs and
2800:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2783:
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2771:
2770:
2767:
2755:
2746:
2744:
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2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
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2681:
2678:
2676:
2675:Windows To Go
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
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2613:
2611:
2608:
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2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
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2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Photo Gallery
2542:
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2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2489:Meeting Space
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2459:HyperTerminal
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:Easy Transfer
2427:
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2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
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2397:
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2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:Compatibility
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2081:
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2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
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1987:
1985:
1982:
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1937:
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1924:Library files
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1920:
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1486:Action Center
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1413:Snipping Tool
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1271:Character Map
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1091:Control Panel
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1081:App Installer
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1042:Architecture
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734:on 2009-12-26
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368:Windows Vista
365:
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343:
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337:
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328:
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285:WMI filtering
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163:
162:offline files
158:
157:
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146:
145:IntelliMirror
141:
139:
138:network share
128:
125:
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111:
99:
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84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
62:
57:
47:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3826:
3821:
2799:command-line
2709:File Manager
2549:Photo Viewer
2484:Media Center
2444:Groove Music
2374:Address Book
2345:
2338:
2331:
2326:Purble Place
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2291:Chess Titans
2289:
2282:
2269:Discontinued
2257:
2250:
1949:Ntoskrnl.exe
1857:Boot Manager
1849:Architecture
1739:Group Policy
1738:
1631:File systems
1531:Saved search
1438:Sticky Notes
1403:Quick Assist
1331:Media Player
1301:Feedback Hub
1296:Fax and Scan
1191:Task Manager
1121:Event Viewer
1101:Disk Cleanup
946:. Retrieved
941:
926:. Retrieved
921:
906:. Retrieved
901:
886:. Retrieved
881:
853:
839:
828:. Retrieved
823:
813:
803:Raymond Chen
798:
789:
780:
769:
758:
747:
736:. Retrieved
732:the original
722:
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521:. Retrieved
508:
497:. Retrieved
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134:
126:
122:registry.pol
95:
90:
86:
82:
67:Group Policy
66:
65:
41:
33:
3647:pnpunattend
3617:eventcreate
3612:driverquery
3571:ssh-keyscan
2814:COMMAND.COM
2724:Minesweeper
2693:Spun off to
2514:MSN Dial-up
2509:Movie Maker
2414:Diagnostics
2364:ActiveMovie
2106:COMMAND.COM
1984:Shadow Copy
1839:Server Core
1679:Mount Point
1606:Shadow Copy
1201:Windows Ink
826:. Microsoft
495:. Microsoft
271:inheritance
265:Inheritance
169:Enforcement
3895:Categories
3677:systeminfo
3566:ssh-keygen
3454:Networking
3098:manage-bde
3068:diskshadow
2704:DVD Player
2519:NetMeeting
2419:DriveSpace
2284:3D Pinball
1784:SharePoint
1548:Start menu
1393:Phone Link
1256:Calculator
1211:PowerShell
1072:Management
830:2023-06-10
738:2010-03-12
582:"Gpresult"
523:2020-02-22
499:2018-11-24
453:References
301:Windows XP
195:Windows XP
114:domain.com
73:family of
71:Windows NT
3852:tpmvscmgr
3561:ssh-agent
3466:bitsadmin
3372:Scripting
3137:Processes
2985:Archiving
2939:openfiles
2499:Messenger
2494:Messaging
2424:DVD Maker
2394:CD Player
2389:CardSpace
2340:Solitaire
2040:BitLocker
2035:AppLocker
1669:Hard link
1558:Task View
1536:Namespace
1506:ClearType
1326:Messaging
1311:Magnifier
1276:Clipchamp
1251:3D Viewer
605:Microsoft
414:Windows 8
383:Microsoft
372:Windows 7
336:Windows 7
280:Filtering
261:command.
131:Operation
3827:gpupdate
3822:gpresult
3748:bootsect
3707:wevtutil
3687:typeperf
3682:tracerpt
3672:sxstrace
3657:REAgentC
3642:ntbackup
3607:dispdiag
3602:auditpol
3516:PathPing
3511:nslookup
3486:ipconfig
3481:hostname
3410:forfiles
3261:graftabl
3230:regsvr32
3203:Registry
3194:tasklist
3189:taskkill
3179:shutdown
3174:schtasks
3159:powercfg
3128:vssadmin
3113:scandisk
3103:refsutil
3073:drvspace
3063:diskraid
3058:diskpart
3053:diskcopy
3048:diskcomp
2997:extrac32
2966:robocopy
2951:(rename)
2743:Category
2620:MS-DOS 7
2605:ScanDisk
2524:NTBackup
2404:Contacts
2384:Cardfile
2319:Hold 'Em
2298:FreeCell
2144:VBScript
2055:Defender
2023:Security
2009:Winlogon
1964:Registry
1578:Services
1511:Explorer
1496:AutoPlay
1383:Paint 3D
1368:OneDrive
1358:Narrator
1306:Get Help
1261:Calendar
1156:Settings
1126:IExpress
977:Archived
948:22 April
928:22 April
908:22 April
888:22 April
537:Gpupdate
431:See also
419:gpupdate
397:Security
259:gpresult
199:gpupdate
112:share \\
3847:tpmtool
3781:exe2bin
3753:fixboot
3743:bootcfg
3738:bcdedit
3712:winmgmt
3702:wecutil
3697:WBAdmin
3652:pnputil
3637:msiexec
3632:mofcomp
3576:tracert
3556:ssh-add
3526:rpcping
3506:netstat
3491:nbtstat
3445:timeout
3390:cscript
3352:findstr
3038:convert
3007:makecab
3002:extract
2971:takeown
2955:replace
2944:recover
2913:deltree
2909:(erase)
2897:compact
2847:(chdir)
2796:Windows
2719:Mahjong
2640:Interix
2574:WinHelp
2474:Journal
2464:Imaging
2312:InkBall
2198:DirectX
2161:ActiveX
2149:JScript
1862:Console
1834:Hyper-V
1729:Domains
1553:Taskbar
1526:IFilter
1501:AutoRun
1463:WordPad
1458:Weather
1373:OneNote
1363:Notepad
1286:Cortana
1161:Sysprep
204:from a
202:command
34:updated
3842:pentnt
3837:MSCDEX
3786:QBasic
3758:fixmbr
3717:winsat
3627:logman
3541:setspn
3476:getmac
3435:prompt
3395:doskey
3380:choice
3311:whoami
3281:setver
3251:cmdkey
3225:regini
3088:fsutil
3083:format
3043:defrag
3033:chkdsk
2992:expand
2929:mklink
2918:icacls
2892:cipher
2882:attrib
2752:
2741:
2714:Hover!
2588:Others
2569:Travel
2564:Syskey
2347:Tinker
2305:Hearts
2233:WinUSB
2218:WinAPI
2203:Native
2014:WinUSB
1939:MinWin
1716:Server
1516:Search
1428:Sports
1398:Photos
1388:People
1266:Camera
338:, and
236:Domain
159:, and
118:SYSVOL
3817:dpath
3802:break
3776:debug
3692:w32tm
3662:relog
3586:winrs
3581:winrm
3531:route
3501:netsh
3430:pause
3357:print
3337:edlin
3306:where
3296:title
3215:ftype
3210:assoc
3184:start
3164:runas
3108:subst
3093:label
3078:fdisk
2976:xcopy
2960:rmdir
2923:mkdir
2887:cacls
2861:pushd
2680:WinFS
2579:Write
2276:Games
2243:Games
2116:WoW64
1944:NTLDR
1934:LSASS
1867:CSRSS
1674:links
1649:exFAT
1478:Shell
1443:Store
1433:Start
1423:Skype
1378:Paint
1353:Money
1281:Clock
1228:WinRE
1136:Netsh
1074:tools
1063:Games
216:Local
3832:help
3812:dism
3722:wmic
3546:sftp
3521:ping
3471:curl
3425:more
3415:goto
3400:echo
3385:clip
3362:type
3347:find
3332:edit
3327:comp
3291:time
3286:setx
3271:path
3266:mode
3256:date
3246:chcp
3154:kill
3149:exit
2962:(rd)
2934:move
2925:(md)
2902:copy
2866:tree
2856:popd
2754:List
2635:HPFS
2399:Chat
2357:Apps
2259:Surf
2208:.NET
2176:DCOM
2004:WHEA
1999:USER
1989:SMSS
1779:WSUS
1759:MSMQ
1701:ReFS
1664:NTFS
1639:CDFS
1596:CLFS
1591:BITS
1491:Aero
1468:Xbox
1448:Tips
1336:2022
1321:Maps
1316:Mail
1291:Edge
1243:Apps
1038:APIs
950:2012
930:2012
910:2012
890:2012
370:and
366:for
358:and
229:site
222:Site
98:LDAP
3857:wsl
3807:cls
3667:sfc
3551:ssh
3536:scp
3496:net
3461:arp
3440:rem
3405:for
3301:ver
3276:set
3220:reg
3123:vol
3118:sys
3017:tar
3012:pax
2949:ren
2907:del
2851:dir
2534:Pay
2434:Fax
2181:OLE
2156:COM
2139:WSH
2126:API
1887:DLL
1882:EXE
1794:PWS
1774:IIS
1734:DNS
1706:UDF
1694:EFS
1689:TxF
1659:FAT
1654:IFS
1644:DFS
1233:WMI
110:SMB
87:GPO
3897::
3420:if
3342:fc
3169:sc
3144:at
2845:cd
1051:NT
1046:9x
940:.
920:.
900:.
880:.
822:.
805:,
788:.
712:.
694:.
676:.
658:.
640:.
622:.
602:.
584:.
565:.
483:^
473:.
461:^
374:.
342:.
334:,
208:.
186:.
165:.
153:,
2788:e
2781:t
2774:v
1019:e
1012:t
1005:v
952:.
932:.
912:.
892:.
833:.
792:.
741:.
716:.
698:.
680:.
662:.
644:.
626:.
608:.
588:.
569:.
526:.
502:.
477:.
116:\
85:(
46:)
42:(
36:.
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