Greenock stowaways

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his brother-in-law, says Donald, this "certainly does not exonerate him from guilt". William Roughead questioned the role of the mate in the eviction of the stowaways. On the one hand, he says, it was most likely his diabolic treatment of them that inspired the captain to do so; yet, on the other, he seems to have effaced himself from the proceedings. According to John Paul's testimony, when Paul asked that he be kept on board, the mate answered that "he would have nothing to do with putting ashore on the ice". Perhaps, comments Roughead, "in view of the possible consequences...he wished, ostensibly, to have no hand in it so that he might hold himself free from innocent blood". He also considered the crew's behaviour in a similar fashion: there were 22 men who looked on and did nothing. They later claimed to both consider that the ice was far too dangerous for such young children, but also maintain they had no right to interfere with the captain's running of his ship.

825:, "was one of considerable importance", hinging as it did on the extent and breadth of a sea captain's authority on his own ship, which "might be used for good or evil". He put it to the jury that the boys were clearly compelled to leave the ship against their will; that the journey was bound to be extremely dangerous whoever made it; and that the consequences of the journey were far from being unforeseeable. Overall, he said, the ship's captain was directly responsible for all these things. The defence, however, submitted it was incredible to suggest that 22 professional sailors would stand by watching such alleged abuses take place with no one saying anything, let alone doing nothing. The defence also noted that the charges of assault were the least heinous. If anything, a number of the stowaways may have deserved a form of 331:, the weather had become bitterly cold. The stowaways had been put to work scrubbing the decks, which formed with ice; they had no shoes between them and only thin coats against the weather. A member of the crew later wrote home that the weather was so bitter that "the men could hardly stand it", let alone the stowaways. The cold weather exacerbated existing problems: since some of the boys had no shoes or other means of protecting their feet, they were unable to perform deck duty and stayed below decks. In turn, Kerr then "went with a rope's end in hand and ordered them out, and as soon as they came out gave them a walloping, and pretty often severely". Roughead notes the captain never interfered with his first mate's disciplinary measures. 299: 132:, the captain ordered that six of them should be put overboard and told to make their way to shore across the ice. The seventh stowaway, Peter Currie, was allowed to remain on board. For the poorly nourished boys in flimsy clothing the trek across the ice was likely to result in their deaths, especially so for the two 12-year-old boys who were forced to walk over the ice in their bare feet. In fact two of the boys, McGinness and McEwan, died on the ice; the remaining four stowaways survived because they were, by chance, spotted by a woman on the shoreline (Catherine Ann Gillis-MacInnis) and rescued by local Newfoundland men. All four were 768:

captain's assertion in Canada, the ship had plenty of provisions to get them all to Quebec. Captain Watt averred that, in fact, he had merely told the children that they could have fun playing on the ice. When he pointed out the houses on the shore, it was merely to suggest they could have "a fine run" there. Either way, Watt admitted he did enquire after their well-being following their departure; first mate Kerr bluntly denied ever harming Bryson, by either scrubbings or beatings. One crewmember, James Hardy, testified as to the condition of Bryson's skin after one of his beatings describing it as looking like red and white

28: 833:

previously "for the purpose of giving them a fright", but had subsequently taken them back aboard. Reilly and Bryson, said the defence, decided to go out again taking the smaller children with them; for this, it was suggested, the captain could not be blamed. He believed that they would all return when they realised the dangers. At least one contemporary source reports that this line of argument was refuted by the judge himself. The defence maintained that the deaths, while tragic, could not be laid on the culpability of the captain—especially since

125:, Canada. They were dressed in thin and ragged clothing totally unsuitable for the bitterly cold North Atlantic weather encountered on the voyage; two of the boys (John Paul and Hugh McGinnes) lacked any shoes. On board ship they were lashed, beaten, starved, sometimes stripped naked or near-naked, had ice-cold sea water thrown over them, were generally ill-treated and, on occasion, handcuffed. All the stowaways were regularly beaten except Peter Currie, whose father was a friend of first mate James Kerr. James Bryson was subjected to torture. 520: 802:

in doing so, with them "'greeting' all the time". He also stated that he believed they had a half biscuit each at about 8:00 am, which was the first thing they had eaten since noon the previous day. Other members of the crew praised the captain for being a "kind, quiet man, who seldom interfered with the discipline of a ship", which, they said, was in the purview of the first mate. One crew member said that he thought grown men could probably have successfully made the journey to land, "but not for boys so clad". The

697: 55: 209:, but two were found and returned to port. Seven others ranging in age from 11 to 22 remained undiscovered. All from very different social backgrounds, they were: Hugh McEwan, (who had taken advantage of his mother sending him into Greenock on an errand to stowaway instead), John Paul, Hugh McGinnes, Peter Currie, James Bryson, David Jolly Brand and Bernard (or Barney) Reilly who, as an adult, lodged on his own in the town. McEwan lived with his widowed mother in 389:, on 15 May, between 8:00 am or 9:00 am. An anonymous crew member, who later wrote home from Quebec, reported "succinctly in a dozen words" that, "The stowaways got a biscuit apiece, and were ordered to go ashore". These biscuits were thrown overboard for the boys to gather up from the ice after they had been ejected. Roughead says land "was not visible to the naked eye" from the ship, but Watt "alleged he could see it by means of his spyglass". 857:

Scotchmen admit in themselves". The paper did, however, lambast the ability of ships' captains to get away with the mistreatment of their crews in a manner that would never be tolerated on dry land. The newspaper compared it to a mistress who struck her maid: "It is difficult for the police to protect her from popular vengeance; but a merchant officer may do anything, yet scarcely stir the sympathies of the jury".

575:, one Captain Millar, reported the riot to police, who arrived under the command of a Lieutenant Burrell. They were unable to disperse the crowd until nearly midnight. The next day, Watt and Kerr were transported to the courthouse in a taxi. It was followed by a still-angry crowd, who were "hooting, yelling and pelting the vehicle with stones". They were charged before the 1034:'s Maritime History Archive notes that Watt had "made no mention of the stowaways in his log, and if it hadn't been for the ensuing court case and the accompanying press coverage, the identities of these boys and their stories would likely not have come to light". Descendants of the stowaways eventually ended up around the world "and at least one" was found in Australia. 671:'s crew. There had been a confusion over the names of the survivors in the telegrams to and from Newfoundland, however, and it was originally reported that Hugh McGinnes had survived and was returning to Greenock. As such, his widowed mother went to the docks to meet the returning children, only to discover that it was not the case; a local paper reported how she 269:. Captain Watt has been described, before the voyage at least, as being of a "weak but not naturally ill-disposed" personality, whereas his first mate was a dominant, even "ferocious", character. They have both been described as "large, bearded men who had never raised families and had neither the inclination nor the time to provide childcare". 346:, a barrel of grain was found to have burst open, and the stowaways were accused of breaking it. They, in turn, blamed members of the crew; Donald notes that a quantity of meal was subsequently discovered in the forecastle, "for which no one could, or would, account". In any case, the stowaways were punished, put in 320:. Their sickness induced them to vomit up the valuable meat rations they had received. Kerr, hearing of this, declared that the boys would henceforth get "the ground of their stomachs before they get any more", and ordered an immediate cessation to the meat ration. Their rations were gradually reduced to 832:

As to the most serious charge, that of putting the boys ashore and inciting their certain deaths, defence counsel suggested that the true course of events was somewhat different to that presented by the prosecution. The captain, he said, had originally put them on the surrounding ice a couple of days

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from the glare of the ice, and those such as John Paul who had been shoeless had severely lacerated soles which took some weeks to heal. John Paul, at least, also lost fingers and toes through frostbite; he had been so badly injured that his rescuers had had to carry him up to the house. At one point

430:

The stowaways later related the harsh conditions they travelled in. Bryson said the first day they walked twelve hours, with the ice getting thinner the closer they got to the shore. The ice was breaking up with the warmer spring tides, and they were all subject to regular slips, falls and drenchings

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with Watt and Kerr. He testified that when the other boys had left the ship, he had heard Kerr tell other members of the crew that "he would wager any man on board £20 that they would be back to their dinner", but Currie also described how the captain both ordered the boys to leave and assisted them

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The jury would have to determine three minor points: firstly, whether, there was any compulsion used in putting the boys on the ice, or whether they left the ship of their own free will; second, what was the amount of danger attending the journey over the ice, assuming it was compulsorily taken; and

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by the jury demonstrates this. Having been asked, "If the master or mate had been going to murder the boys, would you have interfered?" He answered, "There was a chance of their reaching the shore, and some of them did reach it". The ship's cook, meanwhile, attested to the fact that, contrary to the

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for hours at a time or scrub the decks naked. He said as a result, "I suffered very much from exposure". Bryson testified that throughout this the Captain was a silent observer, and on occasion flogged Bryson himself. On other occasions, the boys were made to scrub each other at the direction of the

417:

Of the six boys, Reilly and Bryson were keen to leave at Bay St George. Reilly was eager to seek work, and Bryson felt "nothing worse could happen than he had suffered on the ship". John Paul, Hugh McEwan, David Brand and Hugh McGinnes followed, but Paul Currie did not. Apparently, he had been asked

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later trial, McGinnes asked Watt how he was meant to cope on the ice flow with bare feet. He replied that "it would be as well for him to die upon the ice as he would get no more food there". At least one crew member believed that it was unlikely "that those without shoes would ever reach the land".

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The weather was poor and visibility worse because of fog and sleet. Watt and Kerr left the ship to examine the ice field. The boys took advantage of their absence to forage for food in the hold. When Watt and Kerr returned to the ship and discovered what the children had been doing, they were beaten

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Kerr appears to have had a particular issue with James Bryson who suffered Kerr's "full fury", being repeatedly thrashed by both the captain and the first mate. He may have been singled out by them because not only the crew but also his fellow stowaways complained about his lack of cleanliness. As a

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John Donald, who wrote early enough to have been able to interview some of the stowaways' elderly contemporaries, has compared Captain Watt's "general disposition (amply testified as being amiable) and his actual behaviour on the voyage". Even if he was to some extent influenced against his will by

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Bryson tells us that he had a topcoat, a vest, a pair of trousers, a cravat, and shoes; that Brand, Reilly, and M'Ewan were well clothed; but that while Paul had a blue coat, he was barefooted, and...M'Ginnes was not only barefooted but literally in rags, his skin showing through the rents in his

413:

No one actually knew with certainty how far the ship was from land; various reckonings were made which suggested a distance of between 8 and 20 miles (13 and 32 kilometres); "the mate, taking a rosier view of the boys' prospects, put it at five" (8 km). According to the boys' testimony at the

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The stowaways were the main witnesses summoned by the prosecution. First to testify was James Bryson, who told the court how, after they left Glasgow, they remained hidden "for a day and a night", only emerging when they saw the hatches about to be nailed. From that point on, he said he was often

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that at least two of their stowaways had died on the ice. Also, on 10 June, a crew member wrote to his family in Greenock from Quebec and described the boys' journey and the behaviour of the officers. Greenock then was a "small closely knit port town", and when the letter arrived it caused "great

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and had been making for shore. About a mile from land the ice ended. Using chunks of ice as makeshift canoes, and paddling with pieces of wood, they made their way slowly towards the shore, where they could now see the light of dwellings. They shouted for help, but it is unlikely they were heard.

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lasted 35 minutes. They found Captain Watt not guilty on the charges of assault, but guilty of culpable homicide and putting ashore the Queen's subjects from a British vessel. On account of his previous good character, the jury made a recommendation of mercy. The first mate was already guilty of

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took advantage of the soft treatment of the two officers to indulge in some casual racism at the Scots' expense, describing it as indicative of a "callousness might, in this instance, be set down to that latent 'hardness,' diamond-heartedness, as Queen Mary called it, which is the one defect

595:, and joined the railways, while the two youngest had died. As a result of this new information, the two officers were also charged with murder. This count was subsequently dropped. As well as the charge of evicting a ship's passengers, they were also accused of assault and "barbarous usage". 510:

later referred to the boys' craft. This was merely a large lump of ice. Brand was picked up first, then Reilly, and lastly Bryson and Paul who were at the other side of the ice flow. Further, the paper reported that the Newfoundlanders, "being informed that McGinnes had been left on the ice,

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on route. This, in turn, caused their thin clothes to freeze "as hard as boards" onto them. It was in the course of falling through the ice that they lost McEwan, who was the youngest and the weakest physically; he fell in most often. He had been spitting blood for some time. Bryson related:

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notes that this was not an uncommon method for a would-be sailor to obtain work experience, as, "They might not otherwise have been accepted as employable by the master". Since working-class children were sent out to work from a young age—to alleviate the costs to their families of having

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first mate. John Paul, who "was so small he had to be mounted on a stool in the witness box so he could be seen", reported how he had been unable to make himself a pair of trousers because the canvas he was trying to use was taken away. He also related how the first mate beat him with a

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described their arrival in Greenock on Thursday, 1 October 1868, saying they were met by a "great crowd" of locals. The following day town officials began legally questioning them as to their experiences with Watt and Kerr, which, the paper suggested, dovetailed with the accounts of the

225:, and another the chance to become a sailor. Stowaways were not an uncommon phenomenon often being motivated by adventure and the chance to escape the poverty of the time. Ships were regularly searched on departure, and any stowaways found would be sent back to port on a tugboat, as the 468:

We urged him to come along with us, and said if he did not he knew what would become of him: he would be frozen. He appeared exhausted. No attempt was made to assist him; we had enough to do to assist ourselves...we heard his cries a long way behind us although we could not see

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Roughead suggests that Currie's father was a friend of the first mate, which could explain why he escaped the myriad punishments doled out by him and the captain. The mate's influence with the captain probably accounts for Currie not sharing his fellows' fate at Bay St George.

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The captain told them personally that there were plenty of occupied dwellings "not so far away", or there was another ship also stranded in the ice within reasonable distance to which they could make their way. In the meantime, Watt said there was insufficient food left on the

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result, he was stripped of his clothing, made to lie on the deck and repeatedly doused with buckets of icy water; Bryson may have acknowledged that he was responsible for the "mess of filth in the hold", as Donald calls it, for he says that Bryson himself blamed it on having a

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Reilly was older and much bigger than the other stowaways. Later Bryson would recall how "Big Barney", as they called Reilly, would be particularly gutted "when the biscuits were served out—the big fellow made a wry mouth as he only got the same allowance as the wee fellows".

504:, she summoned help. A boat, crewed by her husband and other local men, was dispatched to pick them up and ferry them in. The boat had to be carried over the ice before it could be launched. Making their way out into the ice flow, the men picked up the "strange voyager", as 1392:

dated 5 December 1868, for example, described how "the barest statement of the facts is sufficient to draw tears, or rouse decent men into a fever of indignation", and, on McGinnes' death, declared, "If ever there was murder done on earth, that lad was murdered".

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down the hatches, the stowaways emerged one by one. First to come out were McEwan and Paul, who may have already been friends on land. It was too late for the ship to return to Greenock, and Captain Watt sent the boys to the cook for a meal.

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to return to the case, has suggested that since the vessel was stocked with plenty of provisions, enough for the next four months, there was sufficient food for the stowaways, and the elder ones at least could work for their berth.

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newspaper tells of an English woman working in Scotland, who soon after arriving was told that a colleague was "'in the back greeting'. I thought she'd lost her mind and was continually saying 'hello' and waving into thin air."

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McEwan died about midday. McGinnes was also left behind. Wearing only ragged frozen clothes, a few hours after McEwan's death, by now about 5 miles (8 kilometres) from shore, he sat down and said he could go no longer:

3248: 900:, Australia, and built a successful engineering firm; he died in 1897. Watt and Kerr returned to the sea after finishing their sentences, although they never sailed with each other again. It appears that Watt died in 1042: 590:

contacted the Newfoundland police. They informed him that, to their knowledge, five children had reached the shore, four of whom were still with Catherine MacInnis. Of the others, Reilly had moved on to

441:] fell in once and I pulled him out; he fell in a second time and scrambled out himself; the third time he went down and never came up, the ice closed over him. it was hopeless to try and save him... 762:

The crewmembers who testified for the prosecution, "sought to minimize the cruelty with which the stowaways were treated throughout the voyage". For example, the exchange between one George Henry under

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Went down expecting to meet her son, when she received the painful information that he had died on the ice from exhaustion. Another lad, named Paul, who was believed to have perished, has returned.

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He made me take off my jacket, waistcoat, and shirt, leaving only my semmit on. The coil was about half an inch thick. The mate flogged me for about three minutes and the blows were very painful.

3032: 624:, on the other side of the Bay but later split up to travel around Newfoundland for work. One of them, who is unknown, wrote a letter home to Greenock reporting on their rescue by the Innes of 484:

to look out for them and even took the duty himself; he suggested to Kerr that they send out a party to bring them back, but the first mate replied they would doubtless be back by dinnertime.

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John Donald describes Watt as "about five feet eight inches in height, with dark brown hair, his slight beard and moustache being a shade lighter in colour. His conversation was agreeable". (

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was released; she arrived in Quebec in early June 1868. At this point officers and crew learned that the story of the stowaways was by then generally known. They heard from the crew of the

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The filthier the children became sleeping below decks, the more they were beaten for being filthy. When they stole food to eat, they were then beaten for their thievery. As the ship neared

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was met by an angry crowd; the captain of the ship, Robert Watt, and his first mate, James Kerr, had to be escorted off the ship by police. Watt and Kerr were tried in November 1868 at the

324:, sometimes one each, and sometimes one between them. The ship's cook, however, occasionally supplied them with "surreptitious scraps", and they also scavenged potato and turnip peelings. 1038: 688:

They reported on the "very painful scene" that occurred when she found out that he had died on the ice. It had been John Paul who had been reported as lost; he had, however, survived.

136:, taking almost a week to fully recover their sight. John Paul, who had to walk on the ice in bare feet, survived the trek, but his badly lacerated feet needed almost a month to heal. 158:, Australia, where he died in 1897. James Bryson became a tram conductor in the United States. Peter Currie, the stowaway who was not put overboard, returned to Scotland on board the 3240: 1174:

Roughead says "the rations authorised by the captain were, in the circumstances, adequate: 5 lb of beef per day, and 14 oz. of coffee, 7 oz. of tea and 5 lb of sugar per week". (

651:. They arrived on the Clyde on 1 October 1868, exactly six months since they had left. When asked what had motivated him to stow away in the first place, John Paul stated that: 3130: 511:

proceeded back some distance, in hopes that they might find him. But no trace could be had of him". The boys were taken to Catherine MacInnis' fisher-farmhouse to recuperate.

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led a campaign against "'cruel or unusual' punishment, like that of keeping a lad naked on deck in Arctic cold" which the paper believed was prevalent throughout the

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Watt and Kerr both returned to the sea after completing their sentences, but never sailed with each other again. David Brand founded a marine engineering company in

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stated on oath that he believed Watts to be of such a kind disposition, "especially to boys", that they would often stowaway on his ship for that very reason. The

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The reason I ran away from Greenock was for a pleasure sail. I was comfortable at home. I lived with my mother, but did not tell her I was going. I took the

455:) was a delicate child and spat blood; so that as soon as the weather worsened their plight became truly pitiable. But pity was not an item included on the 3199: 1070: 3077: 3007: 1334:

in Newfoundland, and, indeed, had been one of the first two companies ever to invest in a steamship for the purpose of breaking the ice floes there. (

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They were eventually spotted—at some distance, and in the dusk with the light behind them—by Catherine Anne Gillis MacInnis, with the aid of some old

750:. Other punishments included dousings with ice-cold salt water and the public removal of his clothes after which he would be forced to stand on the 586:

These charges were probably holding charges intended to justify the officers' detention while preliminary enquiries were made. In the meantime, the

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two years later. John Paul married at age 19 and had 12 children. He became a foreman in the Greenock shipyards; after his wife's death he moved to

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assault by his own plea. Both men received prison sentences. Captain Watt received 18 months, and his first mate four. For Kerr this amounted to

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had encountered ice floes a few days earlier, around the 5th or 6 May, according to a crew member's letter home. Other marooned ships were the

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in search of work, but it is unknown what motivated the younger children to come with him. At least one considered it an opportunity for a

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Specifically, Kerr swore, according to Roughead, that the first mate would "give the ground of their stomachs before they got any more". (

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John Donald suggest that this letter, although now anonymous, is a trustworthy and impartial source as to the unfolding of events on the

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and sentenced to 18 months imprisonment; Kerr, who had pleaded guilty to assault, was sentenced to four months, effectively time served.

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We all fell into crevices at various times. We got out the best way we could, each just had to scramble for himself. M'Ewan [

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Stowaways were traditionally "among the most vulnerable of sea-goers because they depended on the goodwill of the master and mate". (

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third, what were the consequences that might have reasonably been expected to ensue from a journey undertaken in such circumstances.

615:

The four children who had survived were unable to do anything in St George's Bay for at least a week, as they had all suffered from

632: 563:. A hostile reception awaited the ship, and after she moored, some local men managed to board her. The officers may have escaped a 722:

The charge of forcing the boys to leave the ship to their own endangerment was objected to by the defence on the grounds of being

2752: 904:, a few years later, but Kerr continued to have a long career on the sea, eventually rising to the rank of captain himself. The 193:

was a mid sized, three-masted, bulk-cargo sail ship of 1,063 long tons (1,080 tonnes) owned by Ferguson and Hendry of Greenock.

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from the start, he subsequently changed his plea to being guilty of assault alone. This plea was accepted by the prosecution.

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for some time and asked the captain to change his mind. Watt replied that he "might as well die on the ice as on the ship".

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that it was impossible for them to help McGinnes—the ice was too treacherous and prevented them from trying to carry him.

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The boys were required as witnesses in Scotland, however, and so were regrouped by the Newfoundland police and taken to

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was refused. At this point it was not yet known in Scotland that two further children had died since being put ashore.

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The captain may have expressed concern for the boys after they left the ship. Donald reports that he posted a regular

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The ill-treatment of the stowaways continued as the ship sailed around the southern Newfoundland coast. On 10 May the

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stowaways has been told regularly ever since and fictionalised several times. In 1928 John Donald depicted it in his

3059: 2882: 876:, and does not seem to have ever returned to Scotland. Peter Currie only survived the trial by two years, dying of 2997: 837:. Indeed counsel proposed, "it would surprise no-one if both McEwan and McGinnes were to turn up alive and well". 544:

consternation". Facts were unclear, and rumours as to the boys' fate abounded, including that they had all died.

3462: 3452: 3101: 2567: 1015: 822: 726:, but after much debate and deliberation the Judge allowed it to stand and the trial proceeded. Members of the 716: 719:

in Edinburgh on 23 November. The trial was to last three days; they had already spent four months in custody.

576: 964: 880:. John Paul married and had twelve children. When his wife died, he moved to the south coast of England, to 1251: 1006:

wrote extensively about it. Over the following years the legal profession did treat it as a case study in

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with a crew of twenty-two men. The ship sailed from Greenock's Victoria Harbour on 7 April 1868 bound for

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since, by their own admission, they had stolen food both before and after their discovery on the vessel.

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When, after a little over one month at sea, their vessel became trapped in sea-ice off the west coast of

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sailed from here in April 1868 and returned here in July. This 2009 photograph shows a tugboat passing.

2612: 849:. "The astounding lightness of the sentence" was met by the packed public gallery "with loud hisses". 3442: 1001: 1330:

in what was described as a "remarkable contest". His company, Baine Johnstones, specialised in the

709: 144: 3216: 2582: 2552: 316:. It was not long before the ship sailed into rough weather, and the younger boys were repeatedly 27: 3265: 2799: 2537: 1368:

A term, in Scotland, to mean not just "hello" or an act of greeting, but also crying or weeping.

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in Edinburgh, Scotland's highest criminal court. Watt was acquitted of assault, but convicted of

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Eventually, Watt and Kerr put the remaining five stowaways off the ship at Bay St. George, near

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When news of these events reached home, a national scandal resulted. On its return to port, the

2477: 647:. He also provided for their clothing and provisioning from his company's own stores, recorded 579:

with "cruelly and maliciously compelling one or more of her Majesty's lieges to leave a ship";

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Their first night at sea the boys slept in a sail locker. They were given menial work to do as

298: 3394:"Descendants of an Inverclyde ship stowaway who miraculously survived ordeal mark anniversary" 327:

The stowaways had boarded the ship wearing only thin clothing. By the time it had entered the

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The main witness for the defence was twelve-year-old Peter Currie, who had returned on the

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s crew testified for both the defence and the prosecution. For the former, the steward and

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The captain Robert Watt, age 28, and first mate James Kerr, age 31 were brothers-in-law. (

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The same night the children were picked up in St George's Bay, the ice shifted and the

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them—stowing away was often seen as a means of working for ones' self or emigrating. (

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in various discrete parts of the hold. Reilly appears to have been attempting to

1049:, and a plaque commemorating the event was placed on Catherine MacInnes' grave. 3123:"Stowaways thrown off ship near N.L. remembered by descendants 150 years later" 616: 560: 524: 328: 133: 3025:"Historical society to commemorate 150-year-old lifesaving event in Highlands" 2926: 2573: 865:

Following the trial, Bryson emigrated to America with his father and became a

213:, although they originated from Greenock where the others all lived. They hid 3431: 3407: 3384: 3350: 3073: 3064: 2938: 2874: 2827: 2789: 2743: 2724: 1388: 1066: 987:

The case remained of international interest into the next year: In Australia

893: 834: 572: 493: 370: 254: 54: 2919: 2808: 1073:

in association with a local primary school, Ardgowan, in Greenock, retitled

249:. He was assisted by his brother-in-law, first mate James Kerr, aged 31, of 3159: 3002: 2757: 2715: 1331: 881: 877: 841: 756: 696: 555:

The populace of Greenock was angry and remained so until the return of the

506: 481: 452: 343: 163: 129: 3367: 308:, 1850, of a ship's crew searching for stowaways prior to leaving harbour. 3146:

Hallard, F. (1871). "On the Inequality of Sentences in Criminal Causes".

946:. There was extensive coverage in English newspapers too, including: the 846: 286: 167: 1306:

because its author would hardly have expected it ever to be published. (

892:, and remarried. He died in 1913 and was buried in an unmarked grave in 737:

appeared, while for the latter, six seamen and the cook took the stand.

241:

was captained by Captain Robert Watt (occasionally Warr), aged 28, from

1282: 1077:. In 2002, John Paul's great-grandson, Tony Paul, told the tale in his 897: 751: 636: 258: 214: 155: 2867:

Cheshire Observer and Chester, Birkenhead, Crewe and North Wales Times

2815: 2468: 1037:

An annual commemoration of the stowaways' rescue was organised by the

2945: 2618: 866: 815: 734: 373:

in southwestern Newfoundland. Other ships had been similarly caught.

362: 347: 273: 250: 242: 3377:

The Royal Cornwall Gazette, Falmouth Packet, and General Advertiser

3300: 3220: 803: 564: 321: 317: 313: 246: 218: 202: 189:, was a mid sized fishing town in the late nineteenth century. The 185:, on Scotland's west coast, about 27 miles (43 kilometres) west of 182: 114: 110: 42: 2971:"Fascinating story of 'Arran Stowaways' told in new graphic novel" 746:

sick, for which he was repeatedly "scrubbed and flogged" with the

418:

to remain on the ship and had consented. McEwan, by now, had been

3340: 2796: 2588: 2558: 1081:, and in 2015, Patrick J. Collins fictionalised the story in his 1045:

to be held on the third Sunday of May. A commemorative site with

659:

to go in because she was a good ship. I did not know the captain.

559:

on Thursday, 30 July 1868 when news spread of its arrival in the

186: 3374: 2543: 1000:

s coverage of the case. In the US even local papers such as the

769: 277: 262: 122: 3047: 2483: 1281:

Catherine MacInnis' family had emigrated to Newfoundland from

523:

The mouth of Victoria Harbour, Greenock, looking out onto the

350:

and handcuffed together for the rest of the day with no food.

272:

Once the ship had been released by the tugs well out into the

2969: 2947:"Extraordinary Sufferings of 'Stowaways' in the Artic Region" 2857: 2453: 885: 336: 266: 840:

The jury retired at 3:30 pm on 27 November 1868. Their

451:

Some of them had hardly any clothes and spat blood. M'Ewan (

3322:. Newfoundland History Series. Vol. 8. St John's, NF: 2834: 2731: 2713:"The Alleged Cruelty to Stowaway Boys on a Greenock Ship". 2603: 2528: 1065:

One hundred and fifty years later, this was rewritten as a

580: 3320:

The Ice Hunters: A History of Newfoundland Sealing to 1914

2864: 2513: 1907: 1905: 1903: 3169:

Popular Crime: Reflections on the Celebration of Violence

2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2391: 2389: 2356: 2354: 2315: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2222: 2220: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2034: 2022: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1922: 1920: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1724: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 437: 3343:

The Huddersfield Chronicle and West Yorkshire Advertiser

3058: 2654: 2627: 2377: 1543: 1541: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1394: 982:

The Huddersfield Chronicle and West Yorkshire Advertiser

380: 2912:

The Stowaways and Other Sketches: True Tales of the Sea

2778:"The Case of Alleged Cruelty to Stowaways". Home news. 2753:"The Arran stowaways thrown off a ship in Newfoundland" 2644: 2642: 2237: 2235: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2098: 2096: 2063: 2061: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1949: 1947: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1783: 1781: 1768: 1766: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 2712: 2413: 2386: 2351: 2339: 2327: 2286: 2259: 2247: 2217: 2198: 2189: 2144: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2084: 2003: 1959: 1917: 1880: 1820: 1793: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1662: 1641: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1495: 1493: 912:, off the coast of Alabama, en route from Greenock to 2777: 2498: 2437: 2435: 2303: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1608: 1606: 1538: 1351:, while the official report can be found in Couper's 201:

It appears that nine people, eight of them children,

3239: 2883:"Deadly Voyage: Stowaways and the Case of the Arran" 2865:"Cruelty to Stowaways—Six Boys left to Die on Ice". 2639: 2232: 2163: 2127: 2093: 2058: 2046: 1986: 1944: 1932: 1863: 1851: 1839: 1778: 1763: 1683: 1413: 1255: 598: 2666: 2401: 2108: 1736: 1707: 1695: 1553: 1528: 1490: 1246:This was the then one-year-old general cargo ship, 708:Captain Watt and first mate Kerr were tried at the 3192:"Riverhead Author Retells St. George's Bay Horror" 2953:. Vol. XXIII, no. 41. 11 February 1869. 2432: 1618: 1603: 1593: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 2690: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 704:, where Watt and Kerr were tried in November 1868 571:and defending themselves with their pistols. The 3429: 2678: 930:and a national scandal. In Scotland, apart from 818:also testified to the captain's good character. 1505: 514: 170:. Bernard Reilly found work on the railways in 3289:Roughead, W. (2014). "The Boys on the Ice or, 1570: 934:, the stowaways' stories were also covered by 487:The stowaways had given up trying to find the 3341:"The Shocking Case of Cruelty to Stowaways". 3247:. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. 2018. 2797:"The Case of Cruelty to the Boy Stowaways". 1043:Bay St. George South Local Service District 500:and one whose house could be seen from the 3267:The BRATS: A Real Life Seafaring Adventure 1347:The trial was covered in full each day by 361:for some time, finally became stuck in an 357:, which had been fighting its way through 3214: 3092: 2914:. Perth: Milne, Tannahill & Methven. 2784:. No. 13729. London. 5 August 1868. 2309: 1484: 1290: 908:ended its life in 1886 as a shipwreck on 691: 3379:. No. 3396. Truro. 13 August 1868. 3288: 2660: 2426: 2395: 2360: 2345: 2333: 2321: 2297: 2280: 2253: 2226: 2211: 2157: 2040: 2028: 2016: 1980: 1926: 1911: 1833: 1814: 1730: 1677: 1656: 1547: 1356: 1269: 1188: 1175: 1117: 695: 518: 297: 3145: 2836:"Cruelty to Stowaways on the High Seas" 2750: 2672: 2633: 1112: 1110: 3430: 3391: 3120: 3094:"(Greting,) Greitt-, Greeting, ppl. a" 2995: 2927:"Extraordinary Cruelty to Stowaways". 2909: 2648: 2441: 2241: 2174: 2138: 2102: 2067: 2052: 1997: 1953: 1938: 1874: 1857: 1845: 1787: 1772: 1689: 1635: 1564: 1499: 1374: 1307: 1234: 1162: 1131: 1021: 896:churchyard. David Brand emigrated, to 884:, near Southampton. There he became a 772:. Although Kerr pleaded not guilty to 620:they worked at fishing and farming in 547: 16:Ill-treated Scottish stowaways of 1868 3189: 3166: 2998:"Scottish word of the week: Greeting" 2696: 2121: 1757: 1718: 1701: 924:Contemporaries considered the case a 381:Arrival and marooning in Newfoundland 285:, one of the first twentieth-century 3357: 3317: 3263: 3022: 2732:"The Alleged Cruelty to Stowaways". 2684: 2407: 1612: 1532: 1335: 1107: 1101: 229:had already done with two children. 3098:Dictionary of the Scottish Language 2930:The Leicester Chronicle and Mercury 2891:Memorial University of Newfoundland 2881: 2575:The Leicester Chronicle and Mercury 1597: 1201: 1149: 1145:Memorial University of Newfoundland 1032:Memorial University of Newfoundland 977:The Leicester Chronicle and Mercury 13: 3284:from the original on 26 June 2018. 3054:. No. 9017. 26 November 1868. 2933:. No. 1868. 5 December 1868. 2816:"Case of the Greenock Stowaways". 2719:. No. 11278. 5 October 1868. 425: 53: 26: 14: 3479: 3438:1868 crimes in the United Kingdom 3414:from the original on 26 June 2018 3345:. No. 973. 5 December 1868. 3251:from the original on 24 June 2018 3227:from the original on 25 June 2018 3202:from the original on 26 June 2018 3133:from the original on 26 June 2018 3108:from the original on 25 June 2018 3080:from the original on 26 June 2018 3035:from the original on 23 June 2018 3010:from the original on 25 June 2018 2983:from the original on 26 June 2018 2848:from the original on 26 June 2018 2765:from the original on 26 June 2018 1326:in August 1868, when he defeated 1063:The Stowaways and other Sketches. 1039:Bay St. George Historical Society 919: 872:. Reilly had already ended up in 635:where they were transported in a 599:Return of the surviving stowaways 117:, Scotland, on a cargo ship, the 2957:from the original on 6 July 2018 2897:from the original on 6 July 2018 2803:. No. 559. 15 August 1868. 1289:, nearly twenty years earlier. ( 1052: 700:The High Court of Justiciary in 641:provost and member of parliament 410:to provide for them any longer. 293: 276:, but just before the carpenter 2996:Fowler, C. (9 September 2014). 2869:. No. 664. 8 August 1868. 2705: 1380: 1362: 1341: 1313: 1296: 1275: 1261: 1240: 1207: 1194: 1181: 1168: 1155: 1137: 1123: 3102:Scottish Language Dictionaries 2819:The Dundee Courier & Argus 1095: 937:The Dundee Courier & Argus 740: 1: 3215:McDermott, S. (30 May 2018). 3023:Gale, F. (23 February 2018). 2761:. No. 30 November 2016. 567:by locking themselves in the 177: 3148:The Journal of Jurisprudence 1407: 1104:gives John Paul's age as 11. 860: 515:Return and legal proceedings 196: 47:Bay St. George, Newfoundland 7: 3392:Tinney, L. (7 April 2018). 3360:Astounding tales of the sea 702:Parliament House, Edinburgh 610:James Bryson, November 1868 10: 3484: 3121:Grudić, J. (19 May 2018). 3048:"The Greenock Stowaways". 2470:Dundee Courier & Argus 779: 109:, 22, who, in April 1868, 2951:Rockwell County Messenger 2620:Rockwell County Messenger 1256:Scottish Built Ships n.d. 1003:Rockland County Messenger 232: 105:, 16) and one young man, 61:Greenock within Scotland. 23: 3270:. Woodfield Publishing. 3060:"The Greenock Stowaways" 2887:Maritime History Archive 1322:had been elected MP for 1088: 835:no bodies had been found 710:High Court of Justiciary 265:, transporting coal and 145:High Court of Justiciary 2800:Manchester Weekly Times 2560:Manchester Weekly Times 971:Manchester Weekly Times 808:Seaman's Friend Society 712:. They appeared before 2590:Huddersfield Chronicle 2545:Royal Cornwall Gazette 965:Royal Cornwall Gazette 821:"The case", noted the 789: 705: 692:Trial of Watt and Kerr 686: 661: 607: 532: 471: 464: 443: 397: 309: 302:Illustration from the 58: 31: 3463:Scottish criminal law 3453:Newfoundland (island) 3217:"The Boys on the Ice" 3190:Janes, B. K. (2015). 1047:Interpretative kiosks 784: 699: 673: 653: 603: 522: 466: 449: 433: 392: 301: 57: 30: 3358:Snow, E. R. (1966). 3245:Scottish Built Ships 3154:. Edinburgh: 62–72. 2822:. 10 November 1868. 2751:Campsie, A. (2016). 1008:sentencing disparity 990:The Brisbane Courier 874:Halifax, Nova Scotia 792:The Attorney General 639:owned by Greenock's 593:Halifax, Nova Scotia 172:Halifax, Nova Scotia 113:at Victoria Dock in 3291:The Arran Stowaways 3264:Paul, Tony (2002). 3068:. 5 December 1868. 2976:Scottish Legal News 2910:Donald, J. (1928). 2844:. 4 February 1869. 2455:Scottish Legal News 1075:The Boys on the Ice 1022:Modern significance 827:corporal punishment 305:London Evening News 211:Glasgow High Street 3399:Greenock Telegraph 3362:. London: Redman. 3303:. pp. 13–38. 3296:Nothing But Murder 3173:Simon and Schuster 3167:James, B. (2011). 3051:The Glasgow Herald 2979:. 5 January 2017. 2738:. 10 August 1868. 2485:The Glasgow Herald 1353:Justiciary Reports 1287:Scottish Highlands 1071:Magic Torch Comics 943:The Glasgow Herald 902:Pensacola, Florida 714:Lord Justice Clerk 706: 626:Cape Breton Island 533: 310: 72:Greenock stowaways 59: 32: 3458:Scottish children 3333:978-1-55081-097-4 3318:Ryan, S. (1994). 3310:978-1-59077-463-2 3182:978-1-41655-274-1 2735:Liverpool Mercury 2636:, pp. 68–69. 2530:Liverpool Mercury 2515:Cheshire Observer 2324:, pp. 28–29. 2043:, pp. 25–26. 2031:, pp. 24–25. 1733:, pp. 14–15. 1272:, p. 23 n.1) 1083:Forsaken Children 1057:The story of the 959:Liverpool Mercury 954:Cheshire Observer 888:and eventually a 823:Solicitor General 774:culpable homicide 765:cross-examination 724:innominate in law 645:Hannah and Bennie 588:procurator fiscal 420:coughing up blood 149:culpable homicide 81:, were six boys ( 68: 67: 3475: 3443:1868 in Scotland 3423: 3421: 3419: 3388: 3371: 3354: 3337: 3324:Breakwater Books 3314: 3285: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3186: 3163: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3055: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3029:The Western Star 3019: 3017: 3015: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2942: 2923: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2878: 2861: 2855: 2853: 2841:Brisbane Courier 2831: 2812: 2793: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2747: 2728: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2622:11 February 1869 2616: 2610: 2605:Brisbane Courier 2601: 2595: 2586: 2580: 2571: 2565: 2556: 2550: 2541: 2535: 2526: 2520: 2511: 2505: 2496: 2490: 2487:26 November 1868 2481: 2475: 2472:10 November 1868 2466: 2460: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2430: 2424: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2364: 2358: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2284: 2278: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2230: 2224: 2215: 2209: 2196: 2187: 2178: 2172: 2161: 2155: 2142: 2136: 2125: 2119: 2106: 2100: 2091: 2082: 2071: 2065: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2001: 1995: 1984: 1978: 1957: 1951: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1915: 1909: 1878: 1872: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1818: 1812: 1791: 1785: 1776: 1770: 1761: 1755: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1716: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1660: 1654: 1639: 1633: 1616: 1610: 1601: 1595: 1568: 1562: 1551: 1545: 1536: 1530: 1503: 1497: 1488: 1482: 1401: 1400:, pp. 9–10) 1384: 1378: 1366: 1360: 1345: 1339: 1317: 1311: 1300: 1294: 1279: 1273: 1265: 1259: 1244: 1238: 1211: 1205: 1198: 1192: 1185: 1179: 1172: 1166: 1159: 1153: 1141: 1135: 1127: 1121: 1114: 1105: 1099: 1016:merchant service 999: 793: 732: 684: 683:, 5 October 1868 611: 496:. A resident of 461: 401: 367:St. George's Bay 283:William Roughead 62: 50: 40: 21: 20: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3428: 3427: 3426: 3417: 3415: 3334: 3311: 3278: 3277:978-190395326-6 3254: 3252: 3230: 3228: 3205: 3203: 3183: 3136: 3134: 3111: 3109: 3083: 3081: 3038: 3036: 3013: 3011: 2986: 2984: 2960: 2958: 2900: 2898: 2851: 2849: 2768: 2766: 2708: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2663:, p. 2324. 2659: 2655: 2647: 2640: 2632: 2628: 2617: 2613: 2607:4 February 1869 2602: 2598: 2592:5 December 1868 2587: 2583: 2577:5 December 1868 2572: 2568: 2557: 2553: 2542: 2538: 2527: 2523: 2512: 2508: 2497: 2493: 2482: 2478: 2467: 2463: 2452: 2448: 2440: 2433: 2425: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2387: 2381:5 December 1868 2376: 2367: 2359: 2352: 2344: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2287: 2279: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2233: 2225: 2218: 2210: 2199: 2195:, pp. 4–5. 2188: 2181: 2173: 2164: 2156: 2145: 2137: 2128: 2120: 2109: 2101: 2094: 2083: 2074: 2066: 2059: 2051: 2047: 2039: 2035: 2027: 2023: 2015: 2004: 1996: 1987: 1979: 1960: 1952: 1945: 1937: 1933: 1925: 1918: 1910: 1881: 1873: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1844: 1840: 1832: 1821: 1813: 1794: 1786: 1779: 1771: 1764: 1756: 1737: 1729: 1725: 1717: 1708: 1700: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1676: 1663: 1655: 1642: 1634: 1619: 1611: 1604: 1596: 1571: 1563: 1554: 1546: 1539: 1531: 1506: 1498: 1491: 1483: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1398:5 December 1868 1385: 1381: 1367: 1363: 1346: 1342: 1318: 1314: 1301: 1297: 1280: 1276: 1266: 1262: 1245: 1241: 1212: 1208: 1199: 1195: 1186: 1182: 1173: 1169: 1160: 1156: 1142: 1138: 1128: 1124: 1115: 1108: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1055: 1024: 997: 993:reproduced the 949:London Standard 940:and especially 922: 914:Mobile, Alabama 863: 812:parish minister 795: 791: 782: 743: 730: 694: 685: 679: 613: 609: 601: 569:captain's cabin 553: 517: 465: 459: 428: 426:Journey to land 403: 399: 383: 337:bowel complaint 296: 235: 223:pleasure cruise 199: 180: 64: 63: 60: 51: 38: 33: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3481: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3425: 3424: 3389: 3372: 3355: 3338: 3332: 3315: 3309: 3286: 3276: 3261: 3237: 3212: 3196:Burton K Janes 3187: 3181: 3164: 3143: 3118: 3090: 3056: 3045: 3020: 2993: 2967: 2943: 2924: 2907: 2879: 2862: 2832: 2813: 2794: 2775: 2748: 2729: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2701: 2689: 2677: 2665: 2653: 2638: 2626: 2611: 2596: 2581: 2566: 2562:15 August 1868 2551: 2547:13 August 1868 2536: 2532:10 August 1868 2521: 2506: 2491: 2476: 2461: 2457:5 January 2017 2446: 2431: 2412: 2410:, p. 180. 2400: 2385: 2365: 2350: 2338: 2326: 2314: 2302: 2285: 2258: 2246: 2231: 2216: 2197: 2193:5 October 1868 2179: 2162: 2143: 2126: 2107: 2092: 2088:5 October 1868 2072: 2057: 2045: 2033: 2021: 2002: 1985: 1958: 1943: 1931: 1916: 1879: 1862: 1850: 1838: 1819: 1792: 1777: 1762: 1735: 1723: 1706: 1694: 1682: 1661: 1640: 1617: 1615:, p. 169. 1602: 1569: 1552: 1537: 1504: 1489: 1485:McDermott 2018 1411: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1379: 1361: 1340: 1338:, p. 145) 1328:W. D. Christie 1312: 1295: 1291:McDermott 2018 1274: 1260: 1252:Stobcross Yard 1239: 1206: 1193: 1180: 1167: 1154: 1136: 1122: 1106: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1054: 1051: 1023: 1020: 921: 920:Media coverage 918: 862: 859: 783: 781: 778: 742: 739: 693: 690: 677: 617:snow blindness 602: 600: 597: 552: 548:Return of the 546: 516: 513: 448: 427: 424: 391: 382: 379: 329:North Atlantic 295: 292: 287:criminologists 234: 231: 198: 195: 179: 176: 162:, and died of 107:Bernard Reilly 66: 65: 52: 45:, Scotland to 41:s voyage from 25: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3480: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3375:"Stowaways". 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3262: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3065:The Spectator 3061: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3046: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3009: 3005: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2776: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2698: 2693: 2686: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2662: 2661:Roughead 2014 2657: 2651:, p. 60. 2650: 2645: 2643: 2635: 2630: 2623: 2621: 2615: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2593: 2591: 2585: 2578: 2576: 2570: 2563: 2561: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2540: 2533: 2531: 2525: 2518: 2517:8 August 1868 2516: 2510: 2503: 2502:5 August 1868 2501: 2495: 2488: 2486: 2480: 2473: 2471: 2465: 2458: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2429:, p. 35. 2428: 2427:Roughead 2014 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2409: 2404: 2398:, p. 33. 2397: 2396:Roughead 2014 2392: 2390: 2383:, p. 10. 2382: 2380: 2379:The Spectator 2374: 2372: 2370: 2363:, p. 31. 2362: 2361:Roughead 2014 2357: 2355: 2348:, p. 30. 2347: 2346:Roughead 2014 2342: 2336:, p. 29. 2335: 2334:Roughead 2014 2330: 2323: 2322:Roughead 2014 2318: 2311: 2310:DSL: Greeting 2306: 2300:, p. 28. 2299: 2298:Roughead 2014 2294: 2292: 2290: 2283:, p. 27. 2282: 2281:Roughead 2014 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2256:, p. 21. 2255: 2254:Roughead 2014 2250: 2244:, p. 76. 2243: 2238: 2236: 2229:, p. 34. 2228: 2227:Roughead 2014 2223: 2221: 2214:, p. 19. 2213: 2212:Roughead 2014 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2194: 2192: 2186: 2184: 2177:, p. 74. 2176: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2160:, p. 18. 2159: 2158:Roughead 2014 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2141:, p. 72. 2140: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2124:, p. 35. 2123: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2105:, p. 71. 2104: 2099: 2097: 2089: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2070:, p. 69. 2069: 2064: 2062: 2055:, p. 66. 2054: 2049: 2042: 2041:Roughead 2014 2037: 2030: 2029:Roughead 2014 2025: 2019:, p. 25. 2018: 2017:Roughead 2014 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2000:, p. 70. 1999: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1983:, p. 24. 1982: 1981:Roughead 2014 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1956:, p. 64. 1955: 1950: 1948: 1941:, p. 65. 1940: 1935: 1929:, p. 23. 1928: 1927:Roughead 2014 1923: 1921: 1914:, p. 17. 1913: 1912:Roughead 2014 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1877:, p. 58. 1876: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1860:, p. 57. 1859: 1854: 1848:, p. 56. 1847: 1842: 1836:, p. 22. 1835: 1834:Roughead 2014 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1817:, p. 16. 1816: 1815:Roughead 2014 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1790:, p. 54. 1789: 1784: 1782: 1775:, p. 52. 1774: 1769: 1767: 1760:, p. 34. 1759: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1732: 1731:Roughead 2014 1727: 1721:, p. 51. 1720: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1704:, p. 33. 1703: 1698: 1692:, p. 53. 1691: 1686: 1680:, p. 26. 1679: 1678:Roughead 2014 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1659:, p. 15. 1658: 1657:Roughead 2014 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1599: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1567:, p. 51. 1566: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1550:, p. 14. 1549: 1548:Roughead 2014 1544: 1542: 1534: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1502:, p. 62. 1501: 1496: 1494: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1412: 1399: 1397: 1396:The Spectator 1391: 1390: 1389:The Spectator 1383: 1376: 1371: 1365: 1359:, p. 19) 1358: 1357:Roughead 2014 1355:I, 123-168. ( 1354: 1350: 1344: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1310:, p. 55) 1309: 1305: 1299: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1278: 1271: 1270:Roughead 2014 1264: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1243: 1237:, p. 58) 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1210: 1203: 1197: 1191:, p. 15) 1190: 1189:Roughead 2014 1184: 1178:, p. 15) 1177: 1176:Roughead 2014 1171: 1165:, p. 52) 1164: 1158: 1151: 1146: 1140: 1134:, p. 75) 1133: 1126: 1120:, p. 14) 1119: 1118:Roughead 2014 1113: 1111: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067:graphic novel 1064: 1060: 1053:In literature 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1028: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1012:The Spectator 1009: 1005: 1004: 996: 992: 991: 985: 983: 979: 978: 973: 972: 967: 966: 961: 960: 955: 951: 950: 945: 944: 939: 938: 933: 929: 928: 927:cause célèbre 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 894:St Mary Extra 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 868: 858: 855: 854:The Spectator 850: 848: 843: 842:deliberations 838: 836: 830: 828: 824: 819: 817: 813: 809: 806:of the local 805: 800: 794: 788: 777: 775: 771: 766: 760: 758: 753: 749: 738: 736: 729: 725: 720: 718: 717:George Patton 715: 711: 703: 698: 689: 682: 676: 672: 670: 665: 660: 658: 652: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 629: 627: 623: 618: 612: 606: 596: 594: 589: 584: 582: 578: 574: 573:harbourmaster 570: 566: 562: 558: 551: 545: 542: 538: 530: 526: 521: 512: 509: 508: 503: 499: 495: 494:opera glasses 490: 485: 483: 478: 476: 470: 463: 458: 454: 447: 442: 440: 439: 432: 423: 421: 415: 411: 409: 402: 396: 390: 388: 378: 374: 372: 371:Cape Anguille 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 340: 338: 332: 330: 325: 323: 319: 315: 307: 306: 300: 294:Ill treatment 291: 288: 284: 279: 275: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 255:Isle of Arran 252: 248: 244: 240: 230: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 194: 192: 188: 184: 175: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 152: 150: 146: 142: 137: 135: 131: 126: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 95:Hugh McGinnes 92: 88: 84: 80: 78: 73: 56: 48: 44: 37: 29: 22: 19: 3416:. Retrieved 3397: 3376: 3359: 3342: 3319: 3299:. Plymouth: 3295: 3290: 3266: 3253:. Retrieved 3244: 3229:. Retrieved 3204:. Retrieved 3195: 3171:. New York: 3168: 3151: 3147: 3135:. Retrieved 3110:. Retrieved 3097: 3082:. Retrieved 3063: 3049: 3037:. Retrieved 3028: 3012:. Retrieved 3003:The Scotsman 3001: 2985:. Retrieved 2974: 2959:. Retrieved 2950: 2928: 2911: 2899:. Retrieved 2886: 2866: 2856:– via 2850:. Retrieved 2839: 2817: 2798: 2781:The Standard 2779: 2767:. Retrieved 2758:The Scotsman 2756: 2733: 2716:The Scotsman 2714: 2706:Bibliography 2692: 2680: 2673:Campsie 2016 2668: 2656: 2634:Hallard 1871 2629: 2624:, p. 1. 2619: 2614: 2609:, p. 3. 2604: 2599: 2594:, p. 2. 2589: 2584: 2579:, p. 7. 2574: 2569: 2564:, p. 7. 2559: 2554: 2549:, p. 2. 2544: 2539: 2534:, p. 5. 2529: 2524: 2519:, p. 4. 2514: 2509: 2504:, p. 6. 2500:The Standard 2499: 2494: 2489:, p. 7. 2484: 2479: 2474:, p. 2. 2469: 2464: 2454: 2449: 2403: 2378: 2341: 2329: 2317: 2305: 2249: 2191:The Scotsman 2190: 2090:, p. 5. 2086:The Scotsman 2085: 2048: 2036: 2024: 1934: 1853: 1841: 1726: 1697: 1685: 1395: 1387: 1382: 1370:The Scotsman 1369: 1364: 1352: 1349:The Scotsman 1348: 1343: 1320:James Grieve 1315: 1303: 1298: 1277: 1263: 1254:, Glasgow. ( 1247: 1242: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1196: 1183: 1170: 1157: 1139: 1125: 1097: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1036: 1029: 1025: 1011: 1002: 994: 989: 986: 981: 975: 969: 963: 957: 953: 947: 941: 935: 932:The Scotsman 931: 925: 923: 905: 864: 853: 851: 839: 831: 820: 798: 796: 790: 785: 761: 757:belaying pin 744: 727: 721: 707: 687: 681:The Scotsman 680: 674: 668: 664:The Scotsman 663: 662: 656: 654: 649:The Scotsman 648: 644: 630: 614: 608: 604: 585: 556: 554: 549: 540: 536: 534: 528: 507:The Scotsman 505: 501: 488: 486: 479: 473:David Brand 472: 467: 456: 450: 444: 436: 434: 429: 416: 412: 407: 404: 398: 393: 384: 375: 354: 352: 344:Newfoundland 341: 333: 326: 322:sea biscuits 311: 303: 271: 238: 236: 226: 206: 200: 190: 181: 159: 153: 140: 138: 134:snow-blinded 130:Newfoundland 127: 121:, bound for 118: 106: 103:James Bryson 102: 98: 94: 91:Peter Currie 90: 86: 82: 76: 75: 71: 69: 35: 18: 2649:Donald 1928 2442:Tinney 2018 2242:Donald 1928 2175:Donald 1928 2139:Donald 1928 2103:Donald 1928 2068:Donald 1928 2053:Donald 1928 1998:Donald 1928 1954:Donald 1928 1939:Donald 1928 1875:Donald 1928 1858:Donald 1928 1846:Donald 1928 1788:Donald 1928 1773:Donald 1928 1690:Donald 1928 1636:Grudić 2018 1565:Donald 1928 1500:Donald 1928 1386:In London, 1375:Fowler 2014 1308:Donald 1928 1235:Donald 1928 1163:Donald 1928 1132:Donald 1928 910:Sand Island 878:consumption 852:In London, 847:time served 741:Prosecution 643:called the 622:Sandy Point 400:John Donald 203:stowed away 168:Southampton 164:consumption 111:stowed away 99:David Brand 83:Hugh McEwan 3432:Categories 2697:Janes 2015 2122:James 2011 1758:James 2011 1719:James 2011 1702:James 2011 1332:seal trade 1283:Loch Morar 1227:Forganhill 1223:Ardmillian 898:Townsville 814:of nearby 752:forecastle 637:brigantine 633:St. John's 462:manifest. 395:garments. 259:first mate 215:belowdecks 178:Background 156:Queensland 3468:Stowaways 3408:500151140 3385:690035048 3351:688641757 3074:191225423 2939:688656098 2875:686765975 2828:720042606 2790:875133129 2744:785645858 2725:535280797 2685:Paul 2002 2408:Snow 1966 1613:Snow 1966 1533:Gale 2018 1408:Citations 1336:Ryan 1994 1285:, in the 1102:Gale 2018 1079:The Brats 870:conductor 867:streetcar 861:Aftermath 816:Ardrossan 748:lead line 735:boatswain 498:Highlands 387:Highlands 363:ice field 359:ice packs 348:leg irons 314:deckhands 274:Irish Sea 253:, on the 251:Lochranza 243:Saltcoats 197:Stowaways 87:John Paul 79:stowaways 3448:Greenock 3412:Archived 3301:M. Evans 3282:Archived 3249:Archived 3241:"MYRTLE" 3225:Archived 3221:BBC News 3200:Archived 3131:Archived 3106:Archived 3104:. 2018. 3078:Archived 3033:Archived 3008:Archived 2981:Archived 2955:Archived 2920:24945841 2895:Archived 2893:. 2011. 2846:Archived 2809:22950697 2763:Archived 1598:MHA 2011 1324:Greenock 1229:and the 1219:Chippewa 1202:MHA 2011 1150:MHA 2011 1041:and the 995:Scotsman 804:chaplain 678:— 565:lynching 318:sea sick 278:battened 247:Ayrshire 219:emigrate 183:Greenock 115:Greenock 43:Greenock 3418:26 June 3255:24 June 3231:25 June 3206:26 June 3160:1697066 3137:26 June 3112:25 June 3084:26 June 3039:23 June 3014:25 June 2987:26 June 2901:26 June 2852:26 June 2769:26 June 890:foreman 886:riveter 780:Defence 577:Sheriff 475:deposed 377:again. 205:on the 187:Glasgow 3406: 3383: 3368:460953 3366: 3349: 3330: 3307: 3274: 3179: 3158: 3072: 2961:6 July 2937: 2918: 2873: 2826: 2807: 2788: 2742: 2723: 1248:Myrtle 1231:Myrtle 980:, and 952:, the 882:Itchen 770:tartan 541:Myrtle 527:. The 489:Myrtle 469:him... 263:Quebec 233:Voyage 123:Quebec 101:, 16; 97:, 12; 93:, 12; 89:, 12; 85:, 11; 2858:Trove 1304:Arran 1250:from 1215:Arran 1089:Notes 1059:Arran 998:' 906:Arran 799:Arran 731:' 728:Arran 669:Arran 657:Arran 561:Clyde 557:Arran 550:Arran 537:Arran 529:Arran 525:Clyde 502:Arran 482:watch 460:' 457:Arran 408:Arran 369:, at 365:near 355:Arran 267:oakum 239:Arran 227:Arran 207:Arran 191:Arran 160:Arran 141:Arran 119:Arran 77:Arran 74:, or 39:' 36:Arran 3420:2018 3404:OCLC 3381:OCLC 3364:OCLC 3347:OCLC 3328:ISBN 3305:ISBN 3272:ISBN 3257:2018 3233:2018 3208:2018 3177:ISBN 3156:OCLC 3139:2018 3114:2018 3086:2018 3070:OCLC 3041:2018 3016:2018 2989:2018 2963:2018 2935:OCLC 2916:OCLC 2903:2018 2871:OCLC 2854:2018 2824:OCLC 2805:OCLC 2786:OCLC 2771:2018 2740:OCLC 2721:OCLC 1213:The 1143:The 1030:The 581:bail 237:The 70:The 34:The 3293:". 3127:CBC 1233:. 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