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Graphophone
Company in 1893. In 1904, Columbia Phonograph Company established itself in Toronto, Canada. Two years later, in 1906, the American Graphophone company reorganized and changed its name to Columbia Graphophone Company to reflect its association with Columbia. In 1918, Columbia Graphophone Company reorganized to form a retailer, Columbia Graphophone Company—and a manufacturer, Columbia Graphophone Manufacturing Company. In 1923, Louis Sterling bought Columbia Phonograph Co. and reorganized it yet again, giving birth to the future record giant
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259:, became American Graphophone manufacturing plant. Tainter resided there for several months to supervise manufacturing before becoming ill, but later went on to continue his inventive work for many years. The small Bridgeport plant, which initially produced three or four machines a day, later became the
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Besides being far easier to handle, the wax recording medium also allowed for lengthier recordings and created superior playback quality. Additionally the
Graphophones initially deployed foot treadles to rotate the recordings, then wind-up clockwork drive mechanisms, and finally migrated to electric
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Bell and
Tainter also developed wax-coated cardboard cylinders for their record cylinder. Edison's grooved mandrel covered with a removable sheet of tinfoil (the actual recording medium) was prone to damage during installation or removal. Tainter received a separate patent for a tube assembly machine
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Shortly after
American Graphophone creation, Jesse H. Lippincott used nearly $ 1 million of an inheritance to gain control of it, as well as the rights to the Graphophone and the Bell and Tainter patents. He directly invested $ 200,000 into American Graphophone, and agreed to purchase 5,000 machines
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Early machines compatible with Edison cylinders were modified treadle machines. The upper-works connected to a spring or electric motor (called Type K electric) in a boxy case, which could record and play back the old Bell and
Tainter cylinders. Some models, like the Type G, had new upper-works
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began to be utilized by
Columbia Phonograph Company as the name for their version of the Phonograph. Columbia Phonograph Company, originally established by a group of entrepreneurs licensed by the American Graphophone Company to retail graphophones in Washington DC, ultimately acquired American
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Soon after, Lippincott purchased the Edison
Speaking Phonograph Company and its patents for US$ 500,000, and exclusive sales rights of the Phonograph in the United States from Ezrah T. Gilliand (who had previously been granted the contract by Edison) for $ 250,000, leaving Edison with the
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Phonographs, the lateral recording method used a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a "zig zag" pattern across the record. While cylinder phonographs never employed the lateral cutting process commercially, this later became the primary method of
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of
Alexandria, Virginia, was created on January 6, 1886, and incorporated on February 3, 1886. It formed to control the patents and to handle the commercial development of their sound recording and reproduction inventions, one of which became the first
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American
Graphophone's 1888 wax cylinder graphophone. The machines were marketed for only a few years by American Graphophone and the North American Phonograph Company, but were superseded by Edison's 1888 'perfected phonograph' and its solid wax
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Jesse
Lippincott set up a sales network of local companies to lease Phonographs and Graphophones as dictation machines. In the early 1890s Lippincott fell victim to the unit's mechanical problems and also to resistance from
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on March 28, 1887, to produce and sell the machines for the budding phonograph marketplace. The Volta Graphophone Company then merged with American Graphophone, which itself later evolved into
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to automatically produce the coiled cardboard tube cores of the wax cylinder records. The shift from tinfoil to wax resulted in increased sound fidelity and record longevity.
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Among their innovations, the researchers experimented with lateral recording techniques as early as 1881. Contrary to the
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The Virtual Gramophone: Canadian Historical Sound Recordings: Early Sound Recording and the Invention of the Gramophone
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Its trademark usage was acquired successively by the Volta Graphophone Company, the American Graphophone Company, the
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yearly, in return for sales rights to the Graphophone (except in Virginia, Delaware, and the District of Columbia).
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In 1885, when the Volta Laboratory Associates were sure that they had a number of practical inventions, they filed
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in 1888 to consolidate the national sales rights of both the Graphophone and the Edison Speaking Phonograph.
537:, revised July 6, 2005. Retrieved from University of San Diego History Department website December 19, 2009.
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550:", Encyclopedia of World Biography. Thomson Gale. 2004. Retrieved December 20, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com.
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The Columbia Graphophone Company, 1923–1931: Commercial Competition, Cultural Plurality and Beyond
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It took five years of research under the directorship of Benjamin Hulme, Harvey Christmas,
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was used by Columbia (for disc machines) into the 1920s or 1930s, and the similar name
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482:, Washington, D.C., 1959, No. 218, Paper 5, pp.69-79. Retrieved from Gutenberg.org.
402:, Washington, D.C., 1959, No. 218, Paper 5, pp.69-79. Retrieved from Gutenberg.org.
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demonstrated in 1889 by Louis T. Glass, manager of the Pacific Phonograph Company.
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Development of the Phonograph at Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory
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Development Of The Phonograph At Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Laboratory
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A Columbia "Precision" Graphophone, a cylinder model sold in France, 1901
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Recording Technology History: Charles Sumner Tainter and the Graphophone
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Volta Laboratory and Bureau: Sound recording and phonograph development
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at the Volta Laboratory to develop and distinguish their machine from
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that were not designed to play Bell and Tainter cylinders. The name
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Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
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Recording Technology History: Charles Sumner Tainter Home Notes
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motors, instead of the manual crank on Edison's Phonograph.
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The Development of Sound Recording at the Volta Laboratory
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History of the manufacturer: Columbia Phonograph Co. Inc.
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After the Volta Associates gave several demonstrations in
591:, Retrieved from Radio Museum website, February 26, 2016.
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Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound: Volta Graphophone Company
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was the name and trademark of an improved version of the
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Popular Mechanics, June 6, 2016, retrieved July 3, 2017
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Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf
152:), all of which either produced or sold Graphophones.
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Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy
308:, was developed by Tainter in 1893 to compete with
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214:applications and began to seek out investors. The
632:Identification guides for Columbia Graphophones:
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624:Journal, 21:2, Fall 1990, retrieved July 2, 2017
602:, a government publication in the public domain.
927:Edison Gower-Bell Telephone Company of Europe
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1003:Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site
302:A coin-operated version of the Graphophone,
287:manufacturing rights. . He then created the
967:New England Telephone and Telegraph Company
494:Hoffmann, Frank W. & Ferstler, Howard.
342:was used to denote internal horn machines.
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907:Canadian Aerodrome Baddeck No. 1 and No. 2
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661:
622:Association for Recorded Sound Collections
474:, United States National Museum Bulletin,
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394:, United States National Museum Bulletin,
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1013:Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes
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299:, resulting in the company's bankruptcy.
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458:website, Ottawa. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
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1008:Alexander Graham Bell School (Illinois)
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1126:History of Bridgeport, Connecticut
1052:The Story of Alexander Graham Bell
546:Encyclopedia of World Biography. "
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1101:Audiovisual introductions in 1886
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289:North American Phonograph Company
142:North American Phonograph Company
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1041:IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal
480:Museum of History and Technology
400:Museum of History and Technology
363:List of phonograph manufacturers
74:Sound recording and reproduction
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560:How the Jukebox Got its Groove
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1131:Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
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877:Aerial Experiment Association
600:United States National Museum
476:United States National Museum
450:Library and Archives Canada.
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275:A 1912 advertisement for the
352:Columbia Graphophone Company
245:American Graphophone Company
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987:Volta Laboratory and Bureau
957:National Geographic Society
628:Type K Electric Graphophone
456:Library and Archives Canada
368:Volta Laboratory and Bureau
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146:Columbia Phonograph Company
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972:Oriental Telephone Company
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312:entertainment phonograph
255:(for sewing machines) in
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125:. It was invented at the
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321:In 1889, the trade name
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775:Melville Bell Grosvenor
745:Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor
740:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
700:Alexander Melville Bell
646:Rear-mount Graphophones
577:University of Sheffield
575:, Music Department of,
535:University of San Diego
424:University of San Diego
396:Smithsonian Institution
267:Subsequent developments
257:Bridgeport, Connecticut
902:Bell Telephone Company
836:Walter Seymour Allward
765:Mabel Gardiner Hubbard
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261:Dictaphone Corporation
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168:Charles Sumner Tainter
88:Charles Sumner Tainter
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710:Bell House (Virginia)
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144:, and finally by the
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84:Alexander Graham Bell
806:Charles Williams Jr.
750:Gilbert M. Grosvenor
522:Schoenherr, Steven.
470:Newville, Leslie J.
390:Newville, Leslie J.
358:Howe Machine Factory
253:Howe Machine Factory
1136:American inventions
977:Phonograph cylinder
620:, Raymond R. Wile,
315:U.S. patent 428,750
305:U.S. patent 506,348
239:, businessmen from
1028:Graham Bell Island
770:Mabel H. Grosvenor
735:Edwin S. Grosvenor
529:2004-08-10 at the
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373:Charles A. Cheever
310:nickel-in-the-slot
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277:Columbia Grafonola
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512:978-0-415-93835-8
206:Commercialization
137:, United States.
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16:(Redirected from
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323:Graphophone
194:recording.
185:grooves of
119:Graphophone
70:Application
33:Graphophone
1095:Categories
982:Photophone
852:AEA Cygnet
379:References
231:cylinders.
221:Dictaphone
123:phonograph
54:Phonograph
27:Phonograph
1035:Bras d'Or
340:Grafonola
1080:Category
996:Tributes
691:Life and
527:Archived
478:and the
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60:Industry
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