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The Golden Orchid
Society provided an alternative model of social security for the women. Women who entered the Golden Orchid Society through an oath of sisterhood either refused to enter marriage, or married formally but refused consummation. If a sister was forced into marriage the sisterhood would
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threaten, and sometimes commit, group suicide. Some of the sisterhood relationships may have been of a sexual nature. According to Bret Hinsch, there is documentation of members of this group joining into same-sex marriage arrangements.
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138:"Records of Same-Sex Love and Lust in Chinese History and Tradition"
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109:. University of California Press. pp.177-178
126:"Golden Orchid Societies (chin-lan hui)"
132:"The Tradition of Female-Female Unions"
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140:. Retrieved on 26 April 2015.
134:. Retrieved on 26 April 2015.
128:. Retrieved on 26 April 2015.
121:. Retrieved on 26 April 2015.
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119:"The Golden Orchid Society"
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