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541:. Both rulers were grandsons of Gökböri, and this probably accounts for the animosity between him and Lu'lu'. In 1226 Gökböri, in alliance with al-Muazzam, attacked Mosul, while his ally attacked Homs. As a result of this military pressure, al-Ashraf and Lu'lu' made their submission to al-Muazzam, though al-Muazzam died the following year. Nasir al-Din Mahmud was the last Zengid ruler of Mosul, he disappears from the records soon after Gökböri's death. He was killed by Lu'lu', by strangulation or starvation, and his killer then formally began to rule in Mosul.
344:, the Zengid ruler of Mosul. At this time Gökböri came under suspicion of collusion with Izz ad-DIn. Gökböri had promised the sultan a large sum of money towards the cost of the campaign, but was unable to produce it. Saladin had Gökböri arrested, but quickly released him. Saladin became gravely ill during this campaign, but was nursed back to health in Gökböri's castle at Harran. In 1186 the war ended, when Izz ad-Din Mas'ud agreed to become Saladin's vassal.
2004:
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450:, but surrendered Edessa, Harran and Samsat, which were granted to Taqi ad-Din. Though the siege was ongoing, Saladin allowed Gökböri to go to Erbil to establish his authority in the city. Taqi ad-Din was summoned to take over the troops previously commanded by Gökböri. Gökböri entered Erbil in January 1191.
520:
The long reign of Gökböri in Erbil, which became a thriving centre of Sunni learning, was largely due to his highly developed political acumen and judicious choice of alliances. He always made himself more useful as an ally of major powers than attractive as a potential target for their aggression.
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the Zengid ruler of Syria, had made himself master of Egypt. Saladin was ambitious to unite Egypt and Syria under his own rule, and was asserting a level of independence that his titular master, Nur ad-Din, could not accept. In 1174 Nur ad-Din prepared his army to march on Egypt, but he died before
504:
He was particularly noted as a fervent celebrator of Mawlid, a ceremonial recitation of praise poems celebrating
Muhammad on the anniversary of his birth. Previous to Gökböri, such celebrations consisted of private observances or court processions. Those of Gökböri were held in public, preceded by
327:
Following the Zengid defeat at Hama, and the continuing lack any unifying figure in the mould of Nur ad-Din, Gökböri realised that Zengid power was on the wane in Syria and the Jazira and he made the momentous decision to defect to
Saladin in 1182. Saladin had been repulsed from
578:, during their first approaches to Mesopotamia, which they were soon to overrun and devastate. Falling ill, he returned to his lands where he died on 28 June 1233. Three years later, in 1236, the Mongols sacked Erbil, but were unable to take the citadel; in 1258, during the
43:
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into the Jazira, where he was assured he would be welcomed. His support for
Saladin was instrumental in the defeat of Zengid power in the region; soon little more than the cities of Mosul and Aleppo remained under Zengid control.
1007:, Second Edition First published online: 2012, P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.), Brill, Leiden, Online version: section on the Begteginids
493:
Muslim and built extensively in his domains for both the spiritual and corporeal needs of his subjects, creating a religious college, the Dar al-Hadith al-Muzaffariya (founded in 1198),
435:
describes how Gökböri and
Saladin's nephew stood firm when the rest of the army was fleeing. They rallied the Ayyubid forces and led them in a counter-attack which decided the battle.
48:
Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri. AH 563-630 (AD 1167-1233). Arbil mint. Dated AH 587 (AD 1191-2). Bareheaded and draped bust left; name and titles of
Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri in outer margin.
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he could move against
Saladin. Following the death of Nur ad-Din, Saladin invaded Syria. Gökböri commanded the right wing of the Zengid army defeated by Saladin on 13 April 1175 at
1027:
1155:
311:
446:, Gökböri's brother Zain ad-Din Yusuf died. Gökböri then petitioned Saladin for the return of his paternal inheritance of the city of Erbil. He received Erbil and
389:, described him as: "... the audacious, the hero of well thought out projects, the lion who heads straight for the target, the most reliable and firmest chief."
714:
The
Turkmen ruler of Harran, Muzaffar al-Din Keukburi ('Keukburi' is a Turkish name meaning 'Blue Wolf') approached Saladin offering to support his plans.
412:, was killed. The military exploits of Gökböri were recorded in the contemporary accounts of his Christian enemies, to whom he was known as Manafaradin.
266:
of Erbil, Kaimaz, deposed Gökböri in favour of his younger brother, Zain ad-Din Yusuf. Gökböri, exiled from his city, eventually took service with the
481:. He was a great patron of writers, poets, artists and scholars, whom he invited to Erbil. His administration of Erbil was assisted by the scholar
477:
until his death. After the death of his patron
Saladin, in 1193, he was effectively an independent ruler, acknowledging no superior other than the
2036:
303:. During the battle the right wing of the Zengid army broke Saladin's left flank, before being routed in turn by a charge of Saladin's guard.
489:, who wrote the history of Erbil in four volumes. Gökböri was also a patron of the biographer and historian Ibn Khallikan. He was a devout
1077:
An
Ayyubid Notable and His World: Ibn Al-ʻAdīm and Aleppo as Portrayed in His Biographical Dictionary of People Associated with the City
1025:
254:, was the son of Zain ad-Din Ali Kutchek, the Emir of Erbil (known as Arbela in contemporary Arab usage). Gökböri's ancestry was
1008:
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1697:
1210:
262:. On the death of his father in August 1168, the fourteen-year-old Gökböri succeeded to the lordship of Erbil. However, the
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Though he married into the
Ayyubid dynasty, two of his daughters married Zengids. Later in his reign he used alliance with
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hunting parties and accompanied by lavish sacrifices. This has been seen by later commentators as representing a level of
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Name and title of Ayyubid overlord in three lines within pelleted square; continuation of name and title in outer margins.
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1126:
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1024:, Wolff, R.L. and Hazzard, H.W. (eds.), Ch. XX, pp. 693–714, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia PA.
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228:. He was known as Manafaradin, a corruption of his principal praise name, to the Franks of the Crusader states.
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400:(1187) he led an army of 700–7,000 which defeated a Christian army containing a large contingent from the
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Full praise names: al-Malik al-Muazzam (the Exalted Prince) Muzaffar ad-Din (the Triumphant in the Faith)
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143:
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in 1187, where he commanded the left of the Ayyubid army. Saladin commanded the centre and his nephew,
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969:, Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, London. Reprinted, 2002, Elibron Classics, Adamant Media, Boston
534:
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Chronicle of the Third Crusade: A Translation of the Itinerarium Peregrinorum Et Gesta Regis Ricardi
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1677:
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Gökböri became known as a reliable and skilled military leader. Saladin's secretary, the historian
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General commanding armies and divisions of armies. Governor of various cities and regions. Lord of
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A Medieval City Within Assyrian Walls: The Continuity of the Town of Arbil in Northern Mesopotamia
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17:
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A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187
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1186:(original text in Latin), Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, London. Available at
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Enthroned figure facing, holding globe; name and titles of Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri around.
271:
981:Çaǧatay, N. (1968) "The Tradition of Mavlid Recitations in Islam Particularly in Turkey",
687:. Translated by Ahmet Edip Uysal. Turkish Historical Society Printing House. p. 184.
458:
8:
1932:
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1040:(M.W. Baldwin ed.), University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia PA, pp. 563–589.
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533:. Badr al-Din Lu'lu' was appointed as atabeg for the successive child-rulers of Mosul,
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501:), a travellers' inn and a number of establishments for the blind, orphans and widows.
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1135:, Iraq, Vol 75, pp. 1–42, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, London. DOI:
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Coinage of Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri. Unlisted (Irbil) mint. Struck circa 1187-1191 CE.
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681:İbrahim Kafesoğlu (1994). Erdoğan Merçil; Hidayet Yavuz Nuhoğlu; et al. (eds.).
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and was marching on Aleppo when Gökböri visited him with an invitation to cross the
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Aids Saladin's conquest of Northern Syria and the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia)
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Phillips, Jonathan (2019). "Progress in Syria and Reynald's Red Sea Raid".
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242:(Mawlid or Mavlid, poetry celebrating the Prophet's Birthday) was recited.
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985:, No. 28, Maisonneuve & Larose (Brill, Leiden). DOI: 10.2307/1595265
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Baha' Ad-Din Yusuf Ibn Shaddad (Beha Ed-Din), trans. C.W. Wilson (1897)
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General of Saladin, ruler of Erbil and founder of the Ceremony of Mawlid
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A Short History of Turkish-Islamic States (excluding the Ottoman State)
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Following the conquest of Northern Syria and the Jazira, Saladin added
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God's Warriors: Knights Templar, Saracens and the Battle for Jerusalem
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to Gökböri's lands. He was then given Saladin's sister, al-Sitt Rabia
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Gökböri was the first Muslim ruler to publicly celebrate the birth of
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and his family, known as the Begtegīnids, were associated with the
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History of the Crusades, Volume 2: The Later Crusades, 1189-1311
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Kitab wafayat ala'yan - Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary
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404:. The Christian army was destroyed and the master of the
1169:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
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Zeitschrift der Deutschen, Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
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History of the Mongols: From the 9th to the 19th Century
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with pre-Islamic, traditional, Turkish practices called
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Hazard, H.W (1958) "The Rise of Saladin 1169–1189", in
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Whelan Type III, 251 and 253; CMM 826-36; Album 1888.1.
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Being without a male heir, Gökböri willed Erbil to the
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TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 26 (Ki̇li̇ – Kütahya)
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1056:, Volume 1, reprinted (2008) Cosimo Inc., New York
525:of Damascus as a counterbalance to the threats of
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994:, State University of New York Press, Albany NY.
680:
582:, Erbil fell to the Mongol general Oroktu Noyan.
415:Gökböri's finest military achievement was at the
2018:
1145:Ibn al-Sāʿi's Account of the Last of the Zangids
1131:Nováček, K., Amin, N.A.M. and Melčák, M. (2013)
278:. The lord of Mosul granted Gökböri the city of
1205:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 234-235.
1184:Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi
676:
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396:Gökböri was given important commands. At the
196:(Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb), and ruler of
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659:Ibn Khallikan, p. 542, all dates and places
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1274:
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1137:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021088900000401
948:Marsden's Numismata Orientalia Illustrata
710:The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin
250:Gökböri, whose name means "Blue-wolf" in
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340:In 1185 Saladin was campaigning against
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1020:Gibb, H.A.R. (1962) "The Aiyubids", in
950:, Attic Books Limited, London, Ontario
238:in an impressive ceremony during which
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2037:Generals of the medieval Islamic world
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1698:The Revival of the Religious Sciences
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1153:https://www.jstor.org/stable/43377738
574:In old age he campaigned against the
1456:Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari
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638:
636:
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1103:Nicholson, H and Nicolle, D (2006)
1038:A History of the Crusades, Volume 1
967:Saladin Or What Befell Sultan Yusuf
392:In Saladin's campaigns against the
286:Prominent Zengid military commander
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473:Gökböri remained the ruler of
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1121:, Osprey Publishing, Oxford.
1107:, Osprey Publishing, Oxford.
1089:Nicholson, H (trans.) (1997)
1052:Howorth, Sir Henry H. (1876)
712:. Random House. p. 391.
625:
290:During the decade from 1164,
2052:Muslims of the Third Crusade
766:Nicholson and Nicolle, p. 17
272:Saif ad-Din Ghazi ibn Maudud
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1484:Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi
144:Battle of the Horns of Hama
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1203:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
820:Ibn Khallikan, pp. 536-537
725:Ibn Khallikan, pp. 535-536
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647:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam
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535:Nur al-Din Arslan Shah II
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1418:Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili
1201:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
1182:Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1864)
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149:Battle of Belvoir Castle
2047:Muslims of the Crusades
1927:Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri
1512:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi
1320:'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani
743:Baha' ad-Din, pp. 73-74
387:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani
186:Muzaffar ad-Din Gökböri
73:28 June 1233 (aged 78)
36:Muzaffar ad-Din Gökböri
1921:Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi
1768:'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid
1334:Baha' al-Din Naqshband
1193:Bezer, G.Öğün (2002).
1005:Encyclopaedia of Islam
878:Encyclopaedia of Islam
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246:Origins and early life
224:and the forces of the
192:and general of Sultan
1987:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam
1951:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
1904:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi
1869:Abu al-Husain al-Nuri
1827:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi
1066:Ibn Khallikan (1843)
934:Howorth, pp. 132, 203
847:Ibn Khallikan, p. 537
784:Runciman, pp. 445-446
668:Ibn Khallikan, p. 535
553:Shrine to Gökböri in
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442:by the forces of the
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200:. He served both the
1863:Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi
1851:Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz
1348:Mu'in al-Din Chishti
1093:, Ashgate, Farnham.
838:Baha' ad-Din, p. 218
734:Nováček et al., p. 4
438:In 1190, during the
425:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1933:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag
1786:Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad
1774:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya
1444:('Umar al-Khalwati)
1117:Nicolle, D. (2001)
1075:Morray D.W. (1994)
907:Patton, pp. 152-155
793:Ehrenkreutz, p. 189
775:Hazard, pp. 576-577
539:Nasir al-Din Mahmud
406:Knights Hospitaller
240:al-Mawlid al-Nabawi
1957:Bahadur Shah Zafar
1898:Abu Talib al-Makki
1892:Abu Bakr al-Shibli
1865:(d. 295 or 320 AH)
1853:(d. 277 or 286 AH)
1817:(d. 205 or 215 AH)
1708:Dala'il al-Khayrat
1143:Patton, D. (1988)
1030:2023-03-26 at the
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527:al-Malik al-Ashraf
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1079:, Brill. Leiden.
946:Album, S. (1977)
898:Gibb, pp. 700-701
398:Battle of Cresson
342:Izz ad-Din Mas'ud
301:the Horns of Hama
218:Upper Mesopotamia
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695:
679:
672:
667:
663:
658:
654:
643:
632:
628:
623:
622:
617:
613:
597:
593:
588:
559:Iraqi Kurdistan
547:
483:Ibn al-Mustawfi
456:
402:military orders
394:Crusader states
380:Iraqi Kurdistan
369:
363:, in marriage.
309:
288:
248:
233:Islamic prophet
222:Crusader states
175:
108:
104:
93:
74:
58:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1977:(d. 1302/1885)
1975:Muhammad Ahmad
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1879:4th AH/10th AD
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1839:Sari al-Saqati
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1780:Ibn al-Mubarak
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1502:
1488:
1474:
1460:
1446:
1436:
1422:
1408:
1394:
1380:
1366:
1352:
1338:
1324:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1190:
1180:
1157:
1141:
1129:
1127:978-1841761794
1115:
1101:
1087:
1073:
1064:
1050:
1034:
1018:
1002:
988:
979:
963:
942:
939:
937:
936:
927:
925:Nicolle, p. 59
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
786:
777:
768:
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
700:
693:
670:
661:
652:
629:
627:
624:
621:
620:
611:
598:also rendered
590:
589:
587:
584:
566:Abbasid Caliph
546:
543:
455:
454:Ruler of Erbil
452:
431:, to Saladin.
368:
365:
308:
305:
287:
284:
247:
244:
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
171:
161:
156:
151:
146:
140:
138:
134:
133:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
99:
95:
94:
89:
87:
83:
82:
71:
67:
66:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2084:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:Bishr al-Hafi
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:3rd AH/9th AD
1806:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1762:Dawud al-Ta'i
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:2nd AH/8th AD
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:Notable Sufis
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:Suhrawardiyya
1353:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:Naqshbandiyya
1325:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:9780140137040
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:0-7546-0581-7
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1062:9781605201337
1059:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1046:9780299048440
1043:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:9789004161214
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:9780873950954
997:
993:
989:
987:
984:
980:
978:
976:
975:9781402192463
972:
968:
964:
961:
957:
956:9780915018161
953:
949:
945:
944:
931:
922:
916:Morray, p. 85
913:
904:
895:
886:
879:
874:
872:
862:
856:Album, p. 121
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
761:
759:
749:
740:
731:
722:
715:
711:
704:
696:
694:9789751605719
690:
686:
685:
677:
675:
665:
656:
650:, pp. 234-235
649:
648:
641:
639:
637:
635:
630:
615:
609:
605:
601:
595:
591:
583:
581:
577:
572:
570:
567:
560:
556:
551:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
518:
516:
512:
508:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
485:, one of his
484:
480:
476:
468:
464:
460:
451:
449:
445:
444:Third Crusade
441:
440:Siege of Acre
436:
434:
433:Ibn Khallikan
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
381:
377:
373:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
338:
335:
331:
322:
318:
313:
304:
302:
297:
293:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
243:
241:
237:
234:
229:
227:
226:Third Crusade
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
170:
169:Siege of Acre
167:
166:
165:
164:Third Crusade
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:13 April 1154
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1989:(d. 1354 AH)
1983:(d. 1350 AH)
1971:(d. 1300 AH)
1965:(d. 1287 AH)
1959:(d. 1278 AH)
1953:(d. 1277 AH)
1947:(d. 1118 AH)
1926:
1914:Sufi leaders
1650:Sufi studies
1504:
1490:
1478:Ba 'Alawiyya
1476:
1462:
1448:
1438:
1424:
1410:
1396:
1382:
1368:
1354:
1340:
1326:
1312:
1198:
1183:
1165:
1148:
1144:
1132:
1119:The Crusades
1118:
1104:
1090:
1076:
1067:
1053:
1037:
1021:
1004:
991:
982:
966:
947:
941:Bibliography
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
877:
861:
852:
843:
834:
825:
816:
811:Stubbs, p. 6
807:
798:
789:
780:
771:
748:
739:
730:
721:
713:
709:
703:
683:
664:
655:
645:
614:
607:
603:
599:
594:
573:
569:al-Mustansir
563:
519:
514:
510:
503:
472:
437:
414:
391:
384:
346:
339:
326:
320:
316:
289:
260:Seljuk Turks
249:
230:
185:
181:
180:
137:Battles/wars
29:
2067:Sunni Sufis
2032:1233 deaths
2027:1154 births
1963:Imam Shamil
1941:(d. 886 AH)
1935:(d. 642 AH)
1929:(d. 630 AH)
1923:(d. 589 AH)
1906:(d. 380 AH)
1900:(d. 386 AH)
1894:(d. 334 AH)
1888:(d. 303 AH)
1871:(d. 295 AH)
1859:(d. 283 AH)
1847:(d. 258 AH)
1841:(d. 253 AH)
1835:(d. 245 AH)
1829:(d. 243 AH)
1823:(d. 227 AH)
1800:(d. 200 AH)
1794:(d. 194 AH)
1788:(d. 188 AH)
1782:(d. 181 AH)
1776:(d. 180 AH)
1770:(d. 177 AH)
1764:(d. 165 AH)
1758:(d. 161 AH)
1752:(d. 160 AH)
1746:(d. 128 AH)
1740:(d. 110 AH)
1655:Sufi poetry
1470:Bayram Wali
1440:Khalwatiyya
1412:Shadhiliyya
1305:Sufi orders
421:Taqi ad-Din
282:as a fief.
2021:Categories
1464:Bayramiyya
1450:Rahmaniyya
1342:Chishtiyya
1113:1846031435
1085:9004099565
626:References
523:al-Muazzam
507:syncretism
497:convents (
296:Nur ad-Din
252:Old Turkic
208:rulers of
98:Allegiance
1945:Aurangzeb
1815:Al-Darani
1564:Muraqabah
1532:Practices
1506:Idrisiyya
1492:Tijaniyya
1432:Ibn Arabi
1426:Akbariyya
1398:Desuqiyya
1384:Badawiyya
1370:Rifa'iyya
1314:Qadiriyya
1236:Biography
1195:"KÖKBÖRİ"
448:Shahrozur
429:Jerusalem
334:Euphrates
1703:Al-Burda
1589:Tawakkul
1584:Tabarruk
1579:Tawassul
1574:Tazkiyah
1163:(1952).
1028:Archived
644:G.Öğün,
608:Kukuburi
321:Reverse:
317:Obverse:
256:Turcoman
236:Muhammad
126:Commands
110:Abbasids
106:Ayyubids
2072:Saladin
1620:Karamat
1554:Ziyarat
1222:Portals
1188:Gallica
992:Saladin
604:Kukburi
600:Gokbori
576:Mongols
499:khanqah
487:viziers
292:Saladin
270:prince
206:Ayyubid
194:Saladin
182:Gökböri
102:Zengids
18:Gokbori
2008:Portal
1886:Ruwaym
1559:Mawlid
1297:Sufism
1209:
1175:
1125:
1111:
1097:
1083:
1060:
1044:
1014:
998:
973:
954:
691:
515:Shölen
479:Caliph
361:Khatun
357:Samsat
355:) and
349:Edessa
330:Beirut
280:Harran
268:Zengid
264:atabeg
202:Zengid
86:Buried
1645:Salik
1640:Murid
1630:Dhawq
1615:Kashf
1605:Ihsan
1598:Ideas
1569:Taqwa
1544:Haḍra
1539:Dhikr
1248:Islam
586:Notes
555:Erbil
545:Death
511:Siğir
491:Sunni
475:Erbil
467:Erbil
276:Mosul
214:Egypt
210:Syria
198:Erbil
184:, or
131:Erbil
76:Balad
60:Mosul
1635:Ishq
1610:Wajd
1549:Zuhd
1260:Iraq
1207:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1123:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1095:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1058:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1012:ISBN
996:ISBN
971:ISBN
952:ISBN
689:ISBN
606:and
529:and
513:and
495:sufi
353:Urfa
212:and
204:and
190:emir
120:Emir
116:Rank
91:Kufa
70:Died
54:Born
1625:Nūr
274:of
2023::
1197:.
1147:,
870:^
757:^
673:^
633:^
602:,
571:.
557:,
517:.
465:,
408:,
378:,
78:,
62:,
1514:)
1510:(
1500:)
1496:(
1486:)
1482:(
1472:)
1468:(
1458:)
1454:(
1434:)
1430:(
1420:)
1416:(
1406:)
1402:(
1392:)
1388:(
1378:)
1374:(
1364:)
1360:(
1350:)
1346:(
1336:)
1332:(
1322:)
1318:(
1289:e
1282:t
1275:v
1224::
1215:.
1179:)
962:.
697:.
351:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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