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The gluteus maximus straightens the leg at the hip; when the leg is flexed at the hip, the gluteus maximus extends it to bring the leg into a straight line with the body. The anus also aligns when the leg is flexed at the hip, making the muscle tighten and the pelvis tilt forward. Taking its fixed
724:
The 30-second chair-to-stand test measures a participant's ability to stand up from a seated position as many times as possible in a thirty-second period of time. Testing the number of times a person can stand up in a thirty-second period helps assess strength, flexibility, pain, and endurance,
672:
In cultural terms, the glutes are often considered a symbol of health and strength, and aesthetically appealing. They frequently feature in artwork which seeks to emphasise and celebrate physicality, and the ability to move dynamically and powerfully. They are usually shown to be efficiently
535:, supporting it and the trunk upon the head of the femur; this is particularly obvious in standing on one leg. Its most powerful action is to cause the body to regain the erect position after stooping, by drawing the pelvis backward, being assisted in this action by the
745:. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. Other primates have much flatter hips and cannot sustain standing erectly.
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883:
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test measures flexibility of the gluteus maximus. This requires a trained professional and is based on the angle of external and internal rotation in relation to normal range of motion without injury or impingement.
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and makes up a large part of the shape and appearance of each side of the hips. It is the single largest muscle in the human body. Its thick fleshy mass, in a quadrilateral shape, forms the prominence of the
324:
The gluteus maximus (or buttock) is the outermost muscle of the buttocks. It arises from connections to nearby structures in this area. It arises from the posterior gluteal line of the outer upper
468:
301:
Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. Other
807:
374:
those forming the upper and larger portion of the muscle, together with the superficial fibers of the lower portion, end in a thick tendinous lamina, which passes across the
627:
The gluteus maximus is involved in several sports, from running to weight-lifting. A number of exercises focus on the gluteus maximus and other muscles of the upper leg:
416:
889:
Surface anatomy of the upper leg, lateral view. x = Gluteus maximus, xx = Vastus lateralis, .. = Biceps femoris, . = Tendon of the biceps femoris / Capitulum fibulae.
456:
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during standing, when the extensor muscles are relaxed. Therefore, the muscle carries out an extension, a valgisation and an external rotation of the
428:
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and variations like split squats, unilateral squats with the raised foot positioned either backwards or forwards (pistols), and wide-stance lunges
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to a relatively more distant insertion on the femur. In adapting to bipedal gait, reorganization of the attachment of the muscle as well as the
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with the raised foot positioned behind. The bar is held in the low bar style. Squats precipitate high levels of gluteal muscle activation.
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1182:"OARSI recommended performance-based tests to assess physical function in people diagnosed with hip or knee osteoarthritis"
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Muscles of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions, showing origin and insertion of gluteus maximus muscle.
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which can help determine how far along a person is in rehabilitation, or how much work is still to be done.
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Functional assessment can be useful in assessing injuries to the gluteus maximus and surrounding muscles.
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The gluteus maximus, with surrounding fascia. Right buttock, viewed from behind, skin covering removed.
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801:, here visible at top centre with skin removed from the entire right leg. Note its rather thin fascia.
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752:, a small muscle that corresponds to the human gluteus maximus and originates from the ilium and the
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a third is found between the skin and the tendon of the muscle, which sometimes extends to the
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lying parallel with one another, and are collected together into larger bundles separated by
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Stern, Jack T.; Susman, Randall L. (June 1981). "Electromyography of the gluteal muscles in
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Anatomie des
Menschen. Ein Lehrbuch fĂĽr Studierende und Ă„rzte. Erster Band. Bewegungsapparat
618:
450:
Origin and attachment areas at the proximal femur. Gluteus maximus is marked with number 12.
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1857:
1852:
349:
332:, as well as above it to the iliac crest and slightly below it; from the lower part of the
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Standring, Susan, ed. (2016). "Pelvic girdle, gluteal region and thigh: Gluteus maximus".
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1081:(in German) (2nd ed.). Bad Hersfeld: Neuromedizin Verlag. pp. 269, 274–277.
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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In other primates, the correlate to the human gluteus maximus consists of the
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1156:. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 40–41.
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The gluteus maximus is larger in size and thicker in humans than in other
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Evidence of such depictions of the gluteal muscles extends from at least
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1024:(41st ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Limited. pp. 1357–1358.
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are usually found in relation with the deep surface of this muscle:
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1254:"Evolution of the human hip. Part 2: muscling the double extension"
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283:
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Dobson, F.; Bennell, K.; Hinman, R.; Abbott, H.; Roos, E. (2013).
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An
Ancient Greek javelin thrower represented on a vase, c.520 B.C.
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of the limb. The upper fibers act as abductors of the hip joints.
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a second (often missing) is situated on the tuberosity of the
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the deeper fibers of the lower portion are inserted into the
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1358:—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
1352:—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
1346:—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
422:
Gluteus maximus of right side: outline and attachment-areas.
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The fibers are directed obliquely inferiorly and laterally;
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have much flatter hips and cannot sustain standing erectly.
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798:
578:
159:
1313:: Implications for the evolution of hominid bipedality".
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1022:
Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice
274:
16:
Largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles
277:
in humans. It is the largest and outermost of the three
1076:
797:
Gluteus maximus is the most superficial muscle of the
1391:
910:
825:
Innervation and blood-supply of the gluteus maximus.
573:
steadies the femur on the articular surfaces of the
1077:Hahn von Dorsche, Herwig; Dittel, Reinhard (2006).
861:
Innervation as seen from under the gluteus maximus.
492:One of these, of large size, separates it from the
1251:
837:Gluteus maximus cut showing underlying structures.
1154:Sculptures and Physicians in Fifth-Century Greece
975:"What is the strongest muscle in the human body?"
2196:
1252:Hogervorst, T.; Vereecke, E. E. (January 2015).
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1019:
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901:Superficial muscles of the body, lateral view.
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849:Structures visible under the gluteus maximus.
554:The lower part of the muscle also acts as an
1344:Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-female-17
1063:. 3. Auflage. Julius Springer, Berlin 1954.
1003:General Anatomy: Principles and Applications
370:The gluteus maximus ends in two main areas:
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931:List of skeletal muscles of the human body
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1350:Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15
1315:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
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1106:. Victory Belt Publishing. p. 426.
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1175:
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1151:
760:, a large muscle that extends from the
617:A unilateral (single leg) barbell back
565:The gluteus maximus is a tensor of the
434:Image showing the outer surface of the
2197:
1131:. Victory Belt Publishing. p. 5.
1065:Digitalisat der Universität Heidelberg
997:
995:
947:This article incorporates text in the
785:All gluteal muscles, maximus in yellow
584:
45:The gluteus maximus and gluteus medius
1757:Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
1365:
1127:Bret Contreras, Glen Cordoza (2019).
498:Bursa trochanterica m. glutaei maximi
1762:Medial intermuscular septum of thigh
1356:Cross section image: pembody/body18b
1170:
771:
707:An Ancient Greek warrior in bronze.
438:, showing the inferior gluteal line.
286:. The other gluteal muscles are the
1258:Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery
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877:(gluteus maximus visible at bottom)
531:point from below, it acts upon the
33:The location of the gluteus maximus
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1102:Contreras B, Cordoza G (2019).
520:Bursa trochanterica subcutanea.
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356:, and the fascia covering the
166:, chief antigravity muscle in
1:
1079:Anatomie des Bewegungssystems
936:
873:Structures surrounding right
673:proportioned and prominent.
462:Attachment zone at the femur.
409:also serves as an attachment.
1944:Fibularis (peroneus) muscles
1824:Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
1189:Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
319:
7:
2118:Flexor digiti minimi brevis
1152:Metraux, Guy P. R. (1995).
955:of the 20th edition of
906:
754:ligaments of the sacroiliac
589:
525:
10:
2251:
1202:10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.002
249:Anatomical terms of muscle
2235:Muscles of the lower limb
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2056:
2048:Extensor digitorum brevis
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1986:
1973:
1964:
1934:
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1819:Extensor digitorum longus
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1001:Norman Eizenberg et al.,
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340:, the tailbone; from the
308:The muscle is made up of
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206:musculus glutaeus maximus
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111:inferior gluteal arteries
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55:
50:
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26:
21:
2043:Extensor hallucis brevis
1814:Extensor hallucis longus
1225:"Passive Piriformis ROM"
758:gluteus maximus proprius
637:Quadruped hip extensions
170:and abduction of the hip
158:, supports the extended
2074:Flexor digitorum brevis
1910:Flexor digitorum longus
1327:10.1002/ajpa.1330550203
660:Four-way hip extensions
509:Bursae glutaeofemorales
378:, and inserts into the
2225:Muscles of the gluteus
2108:Flexor hallucis brevis
2079:Abductor digiti minimi
1905:Flexor hallucis longus
657:Reverse hyperextension
354:sacrotuberous ligament
123:Inferior gluteal nerve
75:sacrotuberous ligament
1485:Lateral rotator group
717:Clinical significance
2220:Hip lateral rotators
1473:Tensor fasciae latae
336:and the side of the
1990:Intermuscular septa
1270:10.1093/jhps/hnu014
979:Library of Congress
680:to the modern day.
585:Society and culture
362:gluteal aponeurosis
61:Gluteal surface of
2135:Plantar interossei
1915:Tibialis posterior
1647:External obturator
1577:Vastus intermedius
1516:External obturator
1511:Internal obturator
1393:Muscles of the hip
981:. 19 November 2019
768:arm was required.
762:ischial tuberosity
494:greater trochanter
405:. If present, the
391:gluteal tuberosity
376:greater trochanter
350:lumbodorsal fascia
87:Gluteal tuberosity
2192:
2191:
2188:
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2173:Superior extensor
2168:Inferior extensor
2130:Dorsal interossei
2113:Adductor hallucis
2091:Quadratus plantae
2069:Abductor hallucis
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2018:
2017:
1930:
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1809:Tibialis anterior
1781:
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1767:Cribriform fascia
1589:Articularis genus
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1506:Superior gemellus
1501:Inferior gemellus
1496:Quadratus femoris
1088:978-3-930926-18-3
772:Additional images
684:The glutes in art
641:Kettlebell swings
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148:External rotation
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2096:Lumbrical muscle
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516:vastus lateralis
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399:vastus lateralis
328:, a bone of the
310:muscle fascicles
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1134:
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1129:The Glute Lab
1123:
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1104:The Glute Lab
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37:
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25:
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2124:
2102:
2085:
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1792:compartments
1738:
1713:Femoral ring
1540:compartments
1483:
1455:
1405:Iliac region
1318:
1314:
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1257:
1234:February 19,
1232:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1192:
1188:
1153:
1147:
1128:
1122:
1103:
1097:
1078:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1021:
1002:
983:. Retrieved
969:
960:
946:
940:
757:
749:
747:
740:
727:
723:
720:
711:, c.450 B.C.
675:
671:
634:Glute bridge
626:
564:
553:
529:
519:
508:
497:
483:
395:linea aspera
369:
366:
323:
307:
300:
295:
269:is the main
266:
264:
218:A04.7.02.006
205:
162:through the
2230:Hip muscles
2159:retinacula
1844:Superficial
1740:Fascia lata
1422:Psoas minor
1418:Psoas major
1264:(1): 3–14.
631:Hip thrusts
567:fascia lata
384:fascia lata
342:aponeurosis
195:Identifiers
189:psoas minor
185:psoas major
2199:Categories
2010:Transverse
1562:Quadriceps
1521:Piriformis
1163:0773512314
985:2023-05-28
937:References
756:, and the
730:piriformis
176:Antagonist
2125:4th layer
2103:3rd layer
2086:2nd layer
2064:1st layer
2005:Posterior
1922:Popliteus
1880:Plantaris
1834:Posterior
1642:Pectineus
1607:Hamstring
1599:Posterior
1557:Sartorius
1413:Iliopsoas
1397:human leg
1303:Hylobates
1057:Curt Elze
1040:920806541
875:hip-joint
320:Structure
156:hip joint
152:extension
82:Insertion
2163:Peroneal
2000:Anterior
1801:Anterior
1657:Adductor
1652:Gracilis
1549:Anterior
1439:Buttocks
1288:27011809
1229:Exrx.net
1211:23680877
953:page 474
907:See also
743:primates
652:Deadlift
590:Training
556:adductor
526:Function
303:primates
284:buttocks
107:Superior
2057:Plantar
1936:Lateral
1677:Minimus
1466:Minimus
1456:Maximus
1427:Iliacus
1279:4718477
505:ischium
393:of the
382:of the
352:), the
344:of the
292:minimus
273:of the
181:Iliacus
168:sitting
154:of the
143:Actions
89:of the
51:Details
2178:Flexor
2147:Fascia
2036:Dorsal
1966:Fascia
1954:Brevis
1949:Longus
1863:Soleus
1689:Fascia
1672:Magnus
1667:Brevis
1662:Longus
1634:Medial
1461:Medius
1309:, and
1286:
1276:
1209:
1160:
1135:
1110:
1085:
1038:
1028:
961:(1918)
766:moment
668:In art
646:Squats
547:, and
533:pelvis
486:bursae
484:Three
480:Bursae
338:coccyx
334:sacrum
330:pelvis
296:glutes
288:medius
102:Artery
71:sacrum
57:Origin
1535:Thigh
1307:Pongo
1185:(PDF)
951:from
619:squat
575:tibia
436:ilium
326:ilium
253:[
242:22314
201:Latin
118:Nerve
91:femur
63:ilium
2028:Foot
1891:Deep
1395:and
1284:PMID
1236:2015
1207:PMID
1158:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1036:OCLC
1026:ISBN
799:hips
728:The
579:knee
558:and
401:and
290:and
265:The
230:2598
213:TA98
187:and
160:knee
150:and
133:and
109:and
93:and
1787:Leg
1323:doi
1311:Pan
1274:PMC
1266:doi
1197:doi
364:).
275:hip
237:FMA
225:TA2
2201::
1319:55
1317:.
1305:,
1282:.
1272:.
1260:.
1256:.
1244:^
1227:.
1205:.
1193:21
1191:.
1187:.
1172:^
1059::
1055:,
1034:.
1010:^
994:^
977:.
581:.
551:.
543:,
511:),
500:),
316:.
298:.
183:,
131:S1
129:,
127:L5
73:,
69:,
65:,
1789:/
1537:/
1487::
1420:/
1385:e
1378:t
1371:v
1329:.
1325::
1290:.
1268::
1262:2
1238:.
1213:.
1199::
1166:.
1141:.
1116:.
1091:.
1042:.
988:.
518:(
507:(
496:(
386:;
360:(
348:(
257:]
137:)
125:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
