4644:
5388:
1014:
1821:
3227:
3361:
24:
4639:
Any data storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently. Though they are sometimes referred to as solid-state disks, these devices contain neither an actual disk nor a drive motor to spin a disk. On average, solid-state drives cost about four times as much
3216:
A small electronic data storage device consisting of a flat piece of plastic no larger than a thumbnail that can be inserted into a special socket in a computer or a portable electronic device such as a camera or a cell phone in order to provide instant access to removable memory, typically
4538:
circuitry to connect the data lines to the addressed storage for reading or writing the entry. Usually, more than one bit of storage is accessed by the same address, and RAM devices often have multiple data lines and are said to be '8-bit' or '16-bit' etc. devices. In today's technology,
1532:
A digital display interface developed by the Video
Electronics Standards Association (VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor, though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data. Unline
2180:
A compact interface for transferring encrypted uncompressed digital audio and video data to a device such as a computer monitor, video projector or digital television. Motherboard and graphics card manufacturers must pay a licensing fee to incorporate HDMI into their
1879:
A data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible ("floppy") magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Historically floppy disks came in 8-inch, 5.25-inch, and 3.5-inch sizes, with the latter being by far the most
561:
format. Blu-ray Disc is capable of storing about 5 times as much data as a standard DVD. Most computers do not come shipped with Blu-ray drives, however they can be purchased and added as a separate upgrade. Blu-ray won a
5531:
The Zip drive is a removable floppy disk storage system that was introduced by Iomega in late 1994. Considered medium-to-high-capacity at the time of its release, Zip disks were originally launched with capacities of 100
580:
A common path shared by multiple subsystems or components to send / receive signals. It is a low cost option in mini and micro computers compared to multiple dedicated non- shared paths in main frame computers.
3028:
An especially powerful computer used mainly by large organizations for bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.
3275:
A device that enables two distant computer systems to communicate with one another. In the past, modems connected to a phone line, however, since the mid 2000s broadband modems have been the predominant type
1572:
A series of dynamic random-access memory integrated circuits. These modules are mounted on a printed circuit board and designed for use in personal computers, workstations and servers. Contrast
861:
A generic term that refers to a high-performance input/output (I/O) architecture that is implemented in various forms on a number of computer architectures, especially on mainframe computers.
3389:(PCB) in many modern computers which provides a physical platform for attaching and arranging many of the crucial components of the system, usually while also providing connection space for
1430:
A video display interface developed by the
Digital Display Working Group (DDWG). The digital interface is used to connect a video source to a display device, such as a computer monitor.
4016:
whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator.
1603:
A type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit and which must be periodically refreshed to retain the stored data.
2099:
A specialized processor designed for the purpose of creating images and animations and displaying them on a computer screen, independent of the CPU and onboard video memory.
5714:
4515:
Any of various data storage schemes that can divide and replicate data across multiple hard disk drives in order to increase reliability, allow faster access, or both.
4094:
742:
662:
316:
A dedicated video bus standard introduced by INTEL enabling 3D graphics capabilities; commonly present on an AGP slot on the motherboard. (Presently a historical
5413:
4215:
4126:
1771:
which moves information between the internal hardware of a computer system (including the CPU and RAM) and peripheral devices. It is a collection of wires and
792:
41:
5126:
The third revision of USB, introduced in 2008. It provides transfer rates of up to 5 Gbit/s (gigabits per second), more than 10 times faster than USB 2.0.
5485:
5447:
3265:
A layer of hardware-level instructions involved in the implementation of higher level machine code instructions in many computers and other processors.
6041:
1493:
6109:
4786:
A computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives.
88:
4078:
658:
1411:
An optical compact disc - of the same dimensions as compact discs (CDs), but store more than six times as much data. Primarily used for storing
978:
The enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer, usually excluding the display, keyboard, mouse, and various other peripherals.
60:
738:
67:
6139:
3346:
1922:
608:
A small and fast buffer memory between CPU and Main memory. Reduces access time for frequently accessed items (instructions / operands).
5032:
A card that allows the user to view television channels on a computer using an antenna. It can also be used to connect devices such as
514:
74:
5068:). The USB standard was first finalized in 1996, and has undergone many revisions since then, enabling faster data transfer speeds.
4731:
56:
3411:
that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface; motion is usually mapped to a cursor in
1035:
The name used to denote the dimensions, power supply type, location of mounting holes, number of ports on the back panel, etc.
6034:
5762:
4275:
4530:
or written) in almost the same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory. RAM contains
3100:
Devices that are used to store data or programs on a temporary or permanent basis for use in an electronic digital computer.
880:
A group of integrated circuits, or chips, that are designed to work together. They are usually marketed as a single product.
6129:
5724:
4508:
6134:
6119:
6089:
6059:
5707:
121:
6104:
5906:
5875:
5719:
4026:
A unit of the computer that converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC for the power of all the computer components.
5988:
5940:
5822:
5687:
4279:
3994:
3703:
2739:
396:
A register that holds the result of previous operation in ALU. It can be also used as an input register to the adder.
107:
6165:
6027:
5785:
5116:
The second revision of USB, introduced in 2000. It significantly increased the maximum transfer rate to 480 Mbit/s.
4149:
585:
4001:
a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer and which is part of the PCI Local Bus standard
81:
4987:
hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system.
6084:
4173:
2379:
1441:
A mainframe terminology introduced by IBM denoting secondary storage with random access, typically (arrays of)
799:
45:
4643:
6124:
6094:
5697:
4287:
4230:
3280:
2447:
470:
specification developed by Intel in 1995 to improve on previous DE factor standards like the AT form factor.
6144:
6079:
6069:
5702:
4591:
4030:
3601:
2775:
2771:
1849:
Any hardware device or software program designed to protect a computer from viruses, trojans, malware, etc.
1596:
1503:
1434:
1107:; nearly all CPUs produced since the late 2000s decade have multiple cores (e.g. "a quad-core processor").
695:, preventing the need to search for that resource in a more distant location (or to repeat a calculation).
135:, i.e. the physical and structural components of computers, architectural issues, and peripheral devices.
4667:
2764:
4055:
have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the mains voltage.
4722:
4046:
2354:
The communication between an information processing system (such as a computer), and the outside world.
5757:. Available Titles Skills Assessment Manager (SAM) - Office 2010 Series. Cengage Learning. p. 6.
5397:
typically includes a lens (shown at top), an image sensor (shown at bottom), and supporting circuitry.
4172:
or an internal component of one) that may function autonomously or under external control, performing
2343:
Any peripheral equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system.
4102:
3672:
3338:
2527:
A condition related to the state of the hardware that may be signaled by an external hardware device.
487:
309:
6064:
5692:
5106:
The first revision of USB, which was capable of transferring up to 12 Mbit/s (megabits per second).
4283:
4013:
3416:
2166:
2092:
1423:
666:
5387:
4640:
as conventional hard drives of the same capacity, but can provide significantly faster boot times.
4064:
2745:
2366:
1772:
1123:, dating back from the pre-semiconductor-chip times when the dominant main memory technology was
390:
34:
4683:
that uses bistable latching circuitry to store each bit. The term static differentiates it from
5037:
4980:
2721:
1900:
507:
333:
5892:
5865:
5812:
1869:
A type of non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
4245:
4211:
4106:
4082:
3424:
3104:
3013:
1786:
1345:
344:
5752:
5062:
A specification to establish communication between devices and a host controller (usually a
3345:, circuitry, casing, and power supply. The display device in modern monitors is typically a
6074:
5329:
5055:
4519:
4074:
3934:
2704:
2451:
2150:
2137:
1843:
1790:
1485:
1124:
1029:
337:
3589:
A collection of computers and other devices connected by communications channels, e.g. by
8:
5472:
5012:
consisting of specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's
4352:
standard that enhances the 32-bit PCI Local Bus for higher bandwidth demanded by servers.
4252:
4238:
4223:
4219:
4113:
3682:
3178:
2717:
2521:
1451:
1352:
400:
5792:. The Punched Card Machine Accounting and Data Processing Semi-annual. 1952. p. 123
6014:
5356:, however, it can still be found as an integrated graphics option in some motherboards.
5033:
4567:
4291:
4255:
4165:
3917:
3637:
3022:
2510:
2494:
2123:
that stores data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces.
1395:
1104:
4740:
1138:
The portion of a computer system that executes the instructions of a computer program.
5984:
5936:
5902:
5871:
5818:
5758:
4984:
4973:
4955:
4620:
4195:
4129:
such as paper or transparencies. The two most common types of printers available are
4125:
which produces a text or graphics of documents stored in electronic form, usually on
4045:
for the internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally use
4038:
4005:
3623:
3399:
2725:
2401:
2127:
2083:
1884:
1013:
788:
602:
591:
An occurrence where a certain component compromises the way another component works.
499:
132:
1059:
5898:
5434:
5417:
5041:
4660:
4584:
4549:
4191:
4177:
4098:
3977:
3905:
3883:
3870:
3665:
3594:
3583:
3420:
3354:
3331:
1356:
1061:
728:
717:; the granularity of allocation, refills, eviction; typically 32–128 bytes in size.
686:
491:
5325:
which generates a feed of output images to a display (such as a computer monitor).
4556:
A type of memory chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off.
4251:
Any electronic equipment that arranges written software to configure programmable
6114:
5978:
5930:
5360:
5130:
5085:
4527:
4199:
4130:
3249:
Small connectors used on some laptops and other systems in place of the standard
3185:
3094:
2786:
2461:
2110:
1416:
753:
699:
612:
574:
439:
1820:
5089:
4762:
floppy disk. The SuperDisk hardware was created by 3M's storage products group
4535:
4271:
4169:
4134:
3938:
3385:
3342:
3196:
3150:
3136:
3050:(before offline storage) in a computer system. Main memory usually consists of
1779:
1382:
1320:
989:
770:
746:
645:
495:
474:
317:
5963:
4604:
3710:
3288:
3124:
3040:
637:
444:
6159:
5373:
5026:
4959:
4675:
4599:
4146:
2514:
2145:
1759:
1039:
1003:
935:
813:
426:
4541:
3642:
3142:
3086:
2805:
2780:
2756:
5409:
5336:
First released in 1987, this was the last graphical standard introduced by
5064:
4966:
4650:
4587:
or other kind of information that can be read and/or written by a computer.
4267:
4020:
3942:
3878:
3412:
3300:
3064:
2817:
2432:
2347:
2337:
1914:
1863:
1859:
Fixed programs and data that internally control various electronic devices.
982:
766:
537:
6019:
3226:
3080:
3046:
1465:
795:
can be mapped to; higher values reduce potential collisions in allocation.
522:
5498:
5008:
4531:
4298:
3964:
3930:
3695:
3407:
3377:
3350:
3323:
3210:
3032:
2689:
2486:
2371:
2161:
1873:
1589:
1526:
1519:
1443:
1111:
1007:
855:
833:
412:
120:"Computer jargon" redirects here. For terms about computer software, see
5464:
5321:
4950:
4710:
4348:
3648:
2823:
2393:
2387:
2119:
1827:
841:
825:
808:
626:
551:
376:
364:
352:
5304:
4942:
4770:
4745:
4693:
4526:
A type of computer data storage that allows data items to be accessed (
4342:
4307:
4153:
3984:
3317:
3170:
2841:
2456:
1813:
1551:
1294:
1100:
998:
819:
721:
631:
563:
418:
5536:
5371:
that requires power to maintain the stored information, as opposed to
5152:
5138:
4790:
4356:
4182:
4051:
3718:
3431:
3360:
3219:
2861:
2712:
2531:
2185:
1931:
1607:
1368:
1142:
1020:
927:
910:
893:
546:
138:
5525:
5511:
5490:
5458:
5346:
5072:
4752:
3956:
3909:
3693:
that can retain the stored data even when not powered, as opposed to
3367:
3312:
3259:
3233:
3118:
2853:
2480:
1908:
1892:
1795:
1543:
1508:
1387:
1325:
1119:
931:
which contains data or music playback and which cannot be written to.
847:
679:
526:
s to discover, configure, manage, and monitor status of the hardware.
503:
482:
466:
461:
328:
5844:
5452:
4758:
A high-speed, high-capacity alternative to the 90 mm (3.5 in), 1.44
4121:
3925:
3391:
3306:
1807:
1498:
1471:
783:
671:
322:
23:
5506:
5427:
5341:
5148:
interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable.
4991:
4759:
4729:
4608:
used in computers from the early 1980s to the late 1990s. Contrast
4577:
4042:
3590:
3243:
3072:
1853:
1801:
1047:
5344:
manufacturers conformed. Today, it has largely been supplanted by
3112:
2474:
1557:
5120:
5110:
5100:
5013:
4763:
3891:
3632:
3158:
2513:
that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of
1477:
993:
865:
434:
407:
5510:
during a certain time interval, which should ideally fit into a
5393:
5367:
5018:
4679:
3689:
3654:
3310:(assuming that code is immutable), but still mirroring the same
3164:
3130:
2799:
2750:
2155:
707:
340:). Has largely been replaced by PCI Express since the mid 2000s.
5867:
A+ Guide to
Hardware: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting
5480:
5442:
5402:
5080:
4656:
4319:
4263:
4069:
3898:
3660:
3058:
2811:
2437:
2414:
2385:
A group of several bits in a computer program that contains an
1459:
1379:
1359:. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers.
1303:
918:
761:
733:
713:
691:
653:
620:
567:
332:(and considered high-speed at launch, one of the last off-chip
5352:
4685:
4611:
4506:
3202:
3190:
3052:
2847:
2835:
2829:
2171:
1920:
1592:
pipeline capable of executing two instructions simultaneously.
1575:
1535:
1331:
358:
5422:
5144:
4715:
4333:
4325:
4313:
4259:
3941:
as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from
3294:
3269:
3251:
2442:
2426:
2420:
1767:
1514:
1374:
1337:
1315:
1309:
1095:
1079:
1053:
901:
557:
512:
382:
370:
4573:
A computer which may be used to provide services to clients.
4241:
chip that may be programmed after the device is constructed.
3146:, and the distribution of workload in shared memory systems.
2356:
3887:
3134:
on secondary storage. These patterns have implications for
2358:
2173:
1565:
1412:
884:
4718:
to and from a computer under control of computer programs.
3992:
1415:
and computer games, however, the rise of services such as
131:
is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related to
5337:
5093:
1131:
1087:
916:
839:
Any data input device that reads data from a card-shaped
452:
797:
4228:
4081:
which may use runtime heuristics to predict the future
336:
standards), primarily to assist in the acceleration of
4589:
1594:
1432:
570:
and for a time drives offering both formats were sold.
5746:
5744:
5742:
5740:
4665:
4222:, connected by dedicated communication channels or a
3990:
Any device attached to a computer but not part of it.
3714:(RAM) that retains its data when power is turned off.
450:
3701:
1896:. These were common on computers made prior to 2010.
1563:
3670:
2365:A common performance measurement used to benchmark
1419:
have largely rendered physical game discs obsolete.
1351:A technology consisting of computer components and
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5737:
5377:. Sticks of RAM are an example of volatile memory.
1481:. Simple but highly prone to allocation conflicts.
899:
307:
4739:
3321:, and possibly sharing higher levels of the same
2090:
1811:to add functionality to a computer system via an
1421:
882:
498:algorithms (either training or deployment), e.g.
6157:
5804:
4714:that facilitates economical input and output of
3278:
1129:
5980:Emerging Technologies for Construction Delivery
5814:Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science
4073:ahead of time, either under manual control via
3599:
3341:for computers. A monitor usually comprises the
5929:Project, Ubuntu Documentation (May 11, 2016).
5786:"Punched Card System for a Wholesale Hardware"
5715:Glossary of energy efficient hardware/software
1062:Conventional Peripheral Component Interconnect
6035:
5750:
5327:
5053:
4517:
2133:The physical components of a computer system.
1561:(hard drives, CD drives, etc.) to a computer.
1483:
1083:for attaching hardware devices in a computer.
368:designed to offload a specific task from the
2785:
1775:that allows for the expansion of a computer.
1372:associated with a hardware device such as a
745:and fill this data, and possibly performing
6049:
5811:Kent, Allen; Lancour, Harold (2016-05-11).
5810:
3347:thin film transistor liquid crystal display
3084:(ROM) whose contents are programmed by the
1923:free and open-source graphics device driver
1393:
759:A pathological situation where access in a
6042:
6028:
5488:are immediately written to the underlying
4028:
3876:The set of software that manages computer
3621:
3384:
3195:
3135:
2762:
2737:
2720:, which uses an arrangement of buttons or
515:Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
4603:
4547:
4003:
3709:
3287:
3123:
3039:
1898:
636:
443:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
5386:
5372:
4732:synchronous dynamic random-access memory
4642:
3913:that specify which operation to perform.
3359:
3225:
3102:
3011:
2144:
2108:
1819:
1012:
812:
618:The process of keeping data in multiple
5928:
5890:
5863:
4689:, which must be periodically refreshed.
4540:
4539:random-access memory takes the form of
4331:
4311:standard designed to replace the older
4258:(called programmable devices) such as
4187:
3641:
3238:providing 32 megabytes of storage space
3141:
3085:
2804:
2779:
2755:
2135:
1292:
1027:
773:data that is needed in the near future.
6158:
5976:
5470:
5063:
4649:
3877:
3680:
3299:
3176:
3063:
2816:
2431:
1913:
1449:
6023:
4296:
4158:
4101:before either is needed by dedicated
3915:
3079:
3045:
3020:
2492:
2345:
1464:
521:
57:"Glossary of computer hardware terms"
5725:Glossary of reconfigurable computing
5007:
4768:
4618:
4509:Redundant Array of Independent Disks
4105:or predictive hardware, to mitigate
3963:
3694:
3406:
3322:
2688:
2485:
2466:
2399:
2370:
2174:High-Definition Multimedia Interface
2160:
2081:
1882:
1475:, indexed using the low bits of the
1442:
535:
411:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
5754:Discovering Computers: Fundamentals
5708:Glossary of computer software terms
5671:
5463:
5432:
5320:
5287:
5022:to a relative position on a screen.
4949:
4925:
4709:
4491:
4347:
3868:
3853:
3647:
3566:
2996:
2822:
2666:
2392:
2386:
2320:
2118:
2066:
1826:
1742:
1277:
914:which can be written to many times.
840:
824:
807:
625:
550:
375:
363:
351:
320:standard, designed for attaching a
292:
129:glossary of computer hardware terms
122:Glossary of computer software terms
13:
5720:Glossary of Internet-related terms
5358:
5128:
4341:
4306:
4186:, and possibly connected to other
3316:
3169:
2840:
2455:
2359:Input/Output Operations Per Second
1812:
1550:
997:
818:
751:
630:
610:
417:
14:
6177:
6008:
5983:. Transportation Research Board.
5688:List of computer term etymologies
5137:
4720:
4204:
4181:
4133:, which uses ink cartridges, and
4050:
3995:Peripheral Component Interconnect
3896:
3882:and provides common services for
3704:non-volatile random-access memory
3218:
3148:
3116:or some other system (such as an
2711:
1777:
1367:
1019:
926:
909:
892:
643:
545:
472:
5977:Hannon, John J. (May 11, 2016).
5932:Ubuntu 11.04 Unity Desktop Guide
5845:"Golden Oldies: 1993 mainboards"
5751:Shelly, G.; Vermaat, M. (2008).
5489:
5457:
5345:
5024:
3908:
3366:
3353:, whereas older monitors used a
3311:
3232:
3117:
2852:
2479:
1907:
1891:
1794:
1793:or expansion slot on a computer
1757:
1507:
1386:
1361:
1324:
1118:
1037:
933:
846:
481:
465:
460:
424:
380:hardware. A common example is a
327:
22:
5666:
5539:
5451:
5282:
5155:
4964:
4920:
4793:
4486:
4359:
4174:arithmetic and logic operations
4139:
4120:
4018:
3924:
3848:
3721:
3561:
3434:
3390:
3305:
2991:
2864:
2792:
2724:to act as mechanical levers or
2661:
2534:
2335:
2315:
2188:
2061:
1934:
1912:which can be used to connect a
1861:
1806:
1737:
1610:
1549:A standard-sized area within a
1497:
1470:
1343:
1272:
1145:
1117:In modern usage, a synonym for
980:
823:is dynamically shifted between
782:
675:whilst a cache is already full.
670:
641:modifies the underlying memory.
321:
287:
141:
33:needs additional citations for
6110:Microelectronics manufacturing
5970:
5956:
5922:
5891:Andrews, Jean (May 11, 2016).
5884:
5857:
5837:
5778:
5505:
5496:
5462:when the entire cache line is
4744:that is synchronized with the
4087:
3415:; typically used to control a
3375:
3208:
3128:) accesses, reads, and writes
3030:
2821:, the memory connected to one
2778:may only be performed between
2748:used to transfer data between
2716:, partially modeled after the
2436:requests for program code (or
2377:
2153:and data are held in separate
1871:
1800:
1524:
1512:without intervention from the
1109:
1046:
853:
831:
800:cache-only memory architecture
651:Freeing up data from within a
416:or an input/output port in an
388:
342:
1:
5730:
5698:Glossary of computer graphics
5661:
5302:
5277:
4940:
4915:
4691:
4481:
4243:
4231:programmable read-only memory
3982:
3843:
3556:
3281:modified Harvard architecture
3111:
2986:
2776:arithmetic/logic instructions
2681:
2656:
2473:
2448:modified Harvard architecture
2310:
2056:
1789:that can be inserted into an
1732:
1582:
1556:
1539:, DisplayPort is open source.
1267:
919:Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
897:which can be written to once.
775:
719:
697:
583:
282:
5864:Andrews, Jean (2009-12-29).
5703:Glossary of computer science
5538:
5523:
5154:
5070:
4792:
4750:
4741:dynamic random access memory
4592:single in-line memory module
4358:
4152:, one of several successive
4047:switched-mode power supplies
3954:
3720:
3631:
3602:network interface controller
3433:
3257:
3157:
2863:
2772:instruction set architecture
2533:
2519:
2187:
1933:
1609:
1597:dynamic random-access memory
1541:
1504:network interface controller
1476:
1435:Direct Access Storage Device
1144:
677:
453:Advanced Technology eXtended
433:
140:
7:
5681:
5392:
5366:
5310:
5017:
4997:
4989:
4971:
4777:
4699:
4678:
4668:static random-access memory
4626:
4575:
4063:The process of pre-loading
4057:
3688:
3653:
3607:
3298:with separate non-coherent
3241:
3184:A memory architecture in a
3163:
3129:
3070:
2798:
2749:
2702:
2500:
2154:
2125:
1851:
1841:
1402:
1068:
1045:The memory that stores the
941:
908:A variation of the optical
891:A variation of the optical
871:
706:
635:system, also required when
10:
6182:
6015:Dictionary: JESD88 | JEDEC
5817:. CRC Press. p. 277.
5504:The set of data used by a
5479:
5441:
5118:
5108:
5098:
5079:
4318:
4111:
4103:cache control instructions
4068:
3970:
3886:, typically loaded by the
3659:
3581:
3349:(TFT-LCD) or a flat panel
3329:
3057:
2810:
2803:associated closely with a
2413:
2406:
1566:dual in-line memory module
1518:, provided by one or more
1469:may only be mapped to one
1458:
1302:
863:
760:
732:
712:
690:
652:
619:
555:designed to supersede the
488:artificial neural networks
398:
119:
6140:Unified Modeling Language
6055:
5412:that feeds its images in
5400:
5351:
5340:to which the majority of
5142:device integrated with a
4684:
4610:
4565:
4041:to low-voltage regulated
3673:non-uniform memory access
3664:. Increasingly common in
3339:electronic visual display
3201:
3189:
3092:
3051:
2846:
2834:
2828:
2446:), possibly implementing
2167:digital signal processors
1574:
1534:
1330:
410:number that identifies a
357:
310:Accelerated Graphics Port
6130:Reconfigurable computing
5693:Glossary of backup terms
5514:for optimum performance.
5421:
5143:
4324:
4312:
4150:manufacturing technology
4014:general-purpose computer
3417:graphical user interface
3397:
3293:
3267:
3250:
2441:
2425:
2419:
2391:and usually one or more
2367:computer storage devices
2159:, more commonly seen in
2093:Graphics Processing Unit
1766:
1513:
1424:Digital Visual Interface
1375:graphics processing unit
1373:
1336:
1314:
1308:
1099:which actually performs
1094:
1078:
1052:
781:The number of potential
749:other data to make room.
667:cache replacement policy
600:
556:
383:graphics processing unit
381:
369:
6166:Glossaries of computers
6060:Artificial intelligence
6050:Glossaries of computers
5964:"micro op cache patent"
5038:videocassette recorders
3110:The pattern with which
3056:, and is distinct from
2790:for all data transfers.
2787:load/store instructions
2765:load–store architecture
2740:load/store instructions
1906:A specific area on the
1355:used to retain digital
1132:Central Processing Unit
1085:
902:Compact Disc-ReWritable
885:Compact Disc-Recordable
737:, requiring use of the
5935:. Fultus Corporation.
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5398:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4663:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4180:, possibly containing
4077:or automatically by a
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3373:
3239:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2784:, relying on separate
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2454:is stored in the same
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1901:floppy-disk controller
1832:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1405:Digital Versatile Disc
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1025:
572:
508:tensor processing unit
334:parallel communication
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
5390:
4646:
4216:multiprocessor system
4145:Refers to a level of
4083:memory access pattern
4075:prefetch instructions
3935:electromagnetic waves
3386:printed circuit board
3363:
3229:
3197:uniform memory access
3137:locality of reference
3105:memory access pattern
3014:magneto-optical drive
1890:A device for reading
1823:
1787:printed circuit board
1016:
657:to make room for new
520:An open standard for
445:memory-mapped devices
432:A mapping of logical
5894:A+ Guide to Hardware
5870:. Cengage Learning.
5518:
5381:
5330:Video Graphics Array
5297:
5056:Universal Serial Bus
5048:
4935:
4780:Serial AT Attachment
4655:that can be used in
4605:random-access memory
4560:
4520:random-access memory
4501:
4127:physical print media
3949:
3863:
3711:Random-access memory
3576:
3289:Harvard architecture
3041:random-access memory
3006:
2732:
2697:
2676:
2478:that loads the next
2452:program machine code
2330:
2151:program machine code
2138:Harvard architecture
2103:
2076:
1836:
1791:electrical connector
1752:
1486:direct memory access
1323:requests, mirroring
1287:
1125:magnetic core memory
1030:computer form factor
1017:An 80Ă—80Ă—25 mm
595:
530:
338:3D computer graphics
302:
42:improve this article
5540:Contents:
5473:write-through cache
5374:non-volatile memory
5156:Contents:
5034:video game consoles
4794:Contents:
4542:integrated circuits
4360:Contents:
4256:integrated circuits
4239:non-volatile memory
4188:processing elements
4137:, which uses toner.
4093:The pre-loading of
3976:Another name for a
3962:Another name for a
3722:Contents:
3683:non-volatile memory
3643:processing elements
3595:wireless networking
3435:Contents:
3364:The Octek Jaguar V
3230:A typical portable
3179:memory architecture
3162:of a location in a
2865:Contents:
2781:processor registers
2757:processor registers
2726:electronic switches
2718:typewriter keyboard
2687:Another name for a
2535:Contents:
2484:referred to by the
2189:Contents:
2146:memory architecture
1935:Contents:
1611:Contents:
1452:direct mapped cache
1146:Contents:
1093:The portion of the
996:inside or around a
814:memory architecture
374:, often containing
142:Contents:
6085:Cryptographic keys
5399:
4958:, typically using
4664:
4292:programmable logic
4166:electronic circuit
4160:processing element
3918:optical disc drive
3904:Several bits in a
3879:hardware resources
3652:hardware, or even
3638:semiconductor chip
3374:
3240:
3087:integrated circuit
3023:mainframe computer
2806:processing element
2511:electronic circuit
2495:integrated circuit
1833:
1824:A PCI digital I/O
1396:Digital Video Disc
1105:logical operations
1064:(Conventional PCI)
1026:
793:physical addresses
665:; controlled by a
624:synchronised in a
6153:
6152:
6125:Quantum computing
6120:Operating systems
6090:Digital forensics
5764:978-1-4239-2702-0
5416:to a computer or
5065:personal computer
5042:LaserDisc players
4985:electromechanical
4956:sequential access
4954:that allows only
4661:desktop computers
4651:solid-state drive
4621:solid-state drive
4196:network on a chip
4031:power supply unit
4006:personal computer
3884:computer programs
3624:network on a chip
2468:instruction fetch
2433:instruction fetch
2402:instruction cache
2117:Any non-volatile
2084:graphics hardware
1915:floppy disk drive
1885:floppy disk drive
1492:The ability of a
789:associative cache
705:A small block of
500:Movidius Myriad 2
486:aimed at running
133:computer hardware
118:
117:
110:
92:
6173:
6080:Computer science
6044:
6037:
6030:
6021:
6020:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5899:Cengage Learning
5888:
5882:
5881:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5748:
5541:
5508:
5492:
5486:store operations
5482:
5466:
5460:
5456:, only reaching
5454:
5450:are buffered in
5448:store operations
5444:
5435:write-back cache
5424:
5418:computer network
5395:
5375:
5369:
5354:
5348:
5323:
5316:
5157:
5146:
5140:
5086:micro-operations
5082:
5066:
5020:
5010:
5003:
4952:
4795:
4783:
4742:
4712:
4705:
4687:
4681:
4652:
4636:
4629:solid-state disk
4613:
4606:
4585:computer program
4550:read-only memory
4543:
4361:
4350:
4344:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4184:
4123:
4071:
4053:
3978:penetration test
3966:
3927:
3911:
3906:computer program
3880:
3871:operating system
3723:
3712:
3697:
3691:
3666:system on a chip
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3634:
3633:computer network
3617:
3436:
3421:desktop computer
3409:
3393:
3387:
3369:
3355:cathode ray tube
3325:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3253:
3235:
3221:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3088:
3082:
3081:read-only memory
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3047:memory hierarchy
3042:
2866:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2788:
2782:
2758:
2752:
2714:
2691:
2536:
2506:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2458:
2444:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2395:
2394:memory addresses
2389:
2373:
2372:hard disk drives
2190:
2163:
2162:microcontrollers
2157:
2147:
2121:
1936:
1916:
1910:
1894:
1829:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1769:
1612:
1577:
1559:
1553:
1537:
1516:
1510:
1500:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1466:physical address
1461:
1445:
1444:hard disk drives
1408:
1389:
1385:, distinct from
1376:
1370:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1147:
1121:
1097:
1081:
1074:
1055:
1049:
1022:
1000:
975:
929:
912:
895:
877:
849:
843:
829:based on demand.
827:
821:
815:
810:
785:
763:
735:
715:
709:
693:
673:
655:
639:
633:
628:
622:
559:
553:
548:
524:
523:operating system
492:machine learning
484:
468:
463:
446:
436:
420:
414:
384:
378:
372:
366:
360:
354:
330:
326:to a computer's
324:
143:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
6181:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6051:
6048:
6011:
6006:
6005:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5975:
5971:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5927:
5923:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5901:. p. 403.
5889:
5885:
5878:
5862:
5858:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5809:
5805:
5795:
5793:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5749:
5738:
5733:
5684:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5542:
5528:
5521:
5501:
5475:
5437:
5405:
5384:
5363:
5361:volatile memory
5333:
5307:
5300:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5158:
5133:
5131:USB flash drive
5123:
5113:
5103:
5075:
5059:
5051:
5044:, if necessary.
5029:
5009:pointing device
4994:
4976:
4969:
4945:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4796:
4774:
4755:
4735:
4725:
4696:
4671:
4633:electronic disk
4623:
4595:
4580:
4570:
4563:
4553:
4523:
4512:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4362:
4337:
4302:
4248:
4234:
4207:
4200:cache hierarchy
4161:
4142:
4116:
4090:
4067:or data into a
4060:
4034:
4023:
4009:
3998:
3987:
3973:
3965:USB flash drive
3959:
3952:
3920:
3901:
3873:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3724:
3706:
3696:volatile memory
3685:
3676:
3627:
3604:
3586:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3437:
3408:pointing device
3402:
3380:
3334:
3324:cache hierarchy
3286:A variation of
3283:
3272:
3262:
3246:
3213:
3186:computer system
3181:
3153:
3107:
3097:
3075:
3035:
3025:
3016:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2867:
2795:
2767:
2742:
2735:
2707:
2700:
2690:USB flash drive
2684:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2537:
2524:
2509:A miniaturised
2497:
2487:program counter
2469:
2462:physical memory
2409:
2404:
2382:
2362:
2351:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2191:
2177:
2140:
2130:
2114:
2111:hard disk drive
2106:
2096:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:
1937:
1925:
1903:
1887:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1839:
1782:
1762:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1613:
1600:
1585:
1569:
1546:
1529:
1494:hardware device
1489:
1454:
1438:
1427:
1399:
1364:
1353:recording media
1348:
1319:servicing data
1298:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1148:
1135:
1114:
1090:
1065:
1042:
1032:
992:system forcing
985:
938:
922:
905:
888:
868:
858:
836:
826:processor nodes
803:
778:
765:cause cyclical
756:
754:cache thrashing
724:
702:
682:
648:
615:
613:cache coherency
605:
598:
588:
577:
541:
533:
517:
477:
456:
440:physical memory
429:
413:memory location
403:
393:
347:
313:
305:
300:
299:
298:
297:
144:
125:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
6179:
6169:
6168:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6010:
6009:External links
6007:
6004:
6003:
5989:
5969:
5955:
5941:
5921:
5908:978-1133135128
5907:
5883:
5877:978-1435487383
5876:
5856:
5836:
5823:
5803:
5777:
5763:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5683:
5680:
5675:
5674:
5672:External links
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
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5554:
5549:
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5502:
5497:
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5476:
5471:
5469:
5438:
5433:
5431:
5406:
5401:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5364:
5359:
5357:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5322:expansion card
5308:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5291:
5290:
5288:External links
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5134:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5099:
5097:
5090:CISC processor
5076:
5071:
5069:
5060:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5030:
5025:
5023:
4995:
4990:
4988:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4963:
4951:storage device
4946:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4929:
4928:
4926:External links
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4756:
4751:
4749:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4723:storage device
4721:
4719:
4711:expansion card
4697:
4692:
4690:
4672:
4666:
4641:
4624:
4619:
4617:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4536:demultiplexing
4524:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4495:
4494:
4492:External links
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4349:expansion card
4338:
4332:
4330:
4329:bus standards.
4303:
4297:
4295:
4249:
4244:
4242:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4208:
4206:processor node
4205:
4203:
4170:microprocessor
4162:
4159:
4157:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4052:power supplies
4035:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4010:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3981:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3939:light spectrum
3921:
3916:
3914:
3902:
3899:operation code
3897:
3895:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3854:External links
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
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3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
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3791:
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3746:
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3731:
3725:
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3717:
3716:
3715:
3707:
3702:
3700:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3649:fixed-function
3628:
3622:
3620:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3567:External links
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3381:
3376:
3358:
3343:display device
3335:
3330:
3328:
3292:used for most
3284:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3242:
3224:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3154:
3151:memory address
3149:
3147:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2997:External links
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
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2924:
2919:
2914:
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2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2824:processor node
2796:
2793:
2791:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2667:External links
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
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2569:
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2559:
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2549:
2544:
2538:
2532:
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2518:
2498:
2493:
2491:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2388:operation code
2383:
2378:
2376:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2321:External links
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
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2238:
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2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2120:storage device
2115:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2067:External links
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1828:expansion card
1818:
1783:
1780:expansion card
1778:
1776:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1743:External links
1740:
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1730:
1725:
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1715:
1710:
1705:
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1695:
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1490:
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1455:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1383:compute device
1365:
1362:
1360:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1321:load and store
1299:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1278:External links
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
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1091:
1086:
1084:
1066:
1060:
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1043:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1011:
990:active cooling
986:
981:
979:
939:
934:
932:
925:A pre-pressed
923:
917:
915:
906:
900:
898:
889:
883:
881:
869:
864:
862:
859:
854:
852:
842:storage medium
837:
832:
830:
809:multiprocessor
804:
798:
796:
791:that specific
779:
776:
774:
757:
752:
750:
725:
720:
718:
703:
698:
696:
683:
678:
676:
669:. Caused by a
649:
646:cache eviction
644:
642:
627:multiprocessor
616:
611:
609:
606:
601:
597:
594:
593:
592:
589:
584:
582:
578:
573:
571:
552:storage medium
542:
536:
532:
529:
528:
527:
518:
513:
511:
496:machine vision
478:
475:AI accelerator
473:
471:
457:
451:
449:
430:
425:
423:
404:
399:
397:
394:
389:
387:
377:fixed-function
365:expansion card
353:microprocessor
348:
343:
341:
318:expansion card
314:
308:
304:
301:
296:
295:
293:External links
290:
285:
277:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
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186:
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176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
145:
139:
137:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6178:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6045:
6040:
6038:
6033:
6031:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6016:
6013:
6012:
5992:
5990:9780309097918
5986:
5982:
5981:
5973:
5965:
5959:
5944:
5942:9781596822580
5938:
5934:
5933:
5925:
5910:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5887:
5879:
5873:
5869:
5868:
5860:
5846:
5840:
5826:
5824:9780824720025
5820:
5816:
5815:
5807:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5766:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5736:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
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5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5530:
5527:
5522:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5493:
5487:
5483:
5477:
5474:
5467:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5396:
5389:
5385:
5376:
5370:
5365:
5362:
5355:
5349:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5313:graphics card
5306:
5301:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5125:
5122:
5115:
5112:
5105:
5102:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5067:
5061:
5057:
5052:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5027:TV tuner card
5021:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4993:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4960:magnetic tape
4957:
4953:
4948:A peripheral
4947:
4944:
4939:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4772:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4717:
4716:audio signals
4713:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4695:
4688:
4682:
4677:
4676:semiconductor
4673:
4669:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4645:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4622:
4615:
4614:
4607:
4601:
4600:memory module
4597:
4593:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4572:
4569:
4564:
4555:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4493:
4490:
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4485:
4483:
4480:
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4475:
4473:
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4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
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4428:
4425:
4423:
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4413:
4410:
4408:
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4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4351:
4345:
4343:expansion bus
4339:
4335:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4308:expansion bus
4304:
4300:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4147:semiconductor
4144:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4084:
4080:
4079:prefetch unit
4076:
4072:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4022:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3986:
3979:
3975:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3944:
3943:optical discs
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3855:
3852:
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3847:
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3842:
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3832:
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3827:
3825:
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3817:
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3807:
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3797:
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3698:
3692:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3640:, connecting
3639:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3603:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3585:
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3418:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3371:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3326:
3320:
3318:address space
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3274:
3271:
3264:
3261:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3173:
3171:address space
3167:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3099:
3096:
3090:manufacturer.
3089:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3010:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
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2955:
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2923:
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2915:
2913:
2910:
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2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2842:device memory
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2797:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2727:
2723:
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2715:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2526:
2523:
2516:
2515:semiconductor
2512:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2496:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2472:A stage in a
2471:
2463:
2459:
2457:address space
2453:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
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2292:
2289:
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2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1924:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1868:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1822:
1816:
1814:expansion bus
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1760:expansion bus
1756:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1552:computer case
1548:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1363:device memory
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1040:control store
1034:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:computer case
995:
991:
987:
984:
977:
976:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
937:
936:computer case
930:
924:
920:
913:
907:
903:
896:
890:
886:
879:
878:
875:
867:
860:
857:
850:
844:
838:
835:
828:
822:
820:address space
816:
811:
805:
801:
794:
790:
786:
780:
772:
768:
764:
758:
755:
748:
744:
740:
736:
730:
726:
723:
716:
710:
704:
701:
694:
688:
684:
681:
674:
668:
664:
660:
659:cache entries
656:
650:
647:
640:
634:
632:shared memory
629:
623:
617:
614:
607:
604:
599:
590:
587:
579:
576:
569:
565:
560:
554:
549:
543:
539:
534:
525:
519:
516:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
479:
476:
469:
464:
458:
454:
447:
441:
437:
431:
428:
427:address space
421:
419:address space
415:
409:
405:
402:
395:
392:
385:
379:
373:
367:
361:
355:
349:
346:
339:
335:
331:
325:
319:
315:
311:
306:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
136:
134:
130:
123:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
6099:
5994:. Retrieved
5979:
5972:
5958:
5946:. Retrieved
5931:
5924:
5912:. Retrieved
5893:
5886:
5866:
5859:
5848:. Retrieved
5839:
5828:. Retrieved
5813:
5806:
5794:. Retrieved
5789:
5780:
5768:. Retrieved
5753:
5420:, often via
5410:video camera
5312:
5309:
5139:flash memory
4999:
4996:
4967:task manager
4779:
4776:
4708:An internal
4701:
4698:
4648:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4609:
4532:multiplexing
4334:PCI-eXtended
4253:non-volatile
4183:local memory
4141:process node
4095:instructions
4065:instructions
4021:power supply
3636:on a single
3614:network card
3613:
3609:
3606:
3413:screen space
3383:The central
3365:
3231:
3220:flash memory
3038:The largest
2794:local memory
2746:instructions
2713:input device
2502:
2499:
2348:input/output
2338:input device
1893:floppy disks
1864:flash memory
1825:
1768:computer bus
1573:
1522:in a system.
1520:DMA channels
1404:
1401:
1369:local memory
1346:data storage
1070:
1069:Also simply
1067:
1021:computer fan
1018:
983:computer fan
971:
970:, or simply
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
940:
928:compact disc
911:compact disc
894:compact disc
873:
870:
767:cache misses
739:cache policy
727:Not finding
547:optical disc
538:Blu-ray Disc
278:
128:
126:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
6145:Video games
5499:working set
5491:main memory
5459:main memory
5453:cache lines
5430:, or Wi-Fi.
5347:DisplayPort
5084:of decoded
4647:A 2.5-inch
4602:containing
4299:PCI Express
4089:prefetching
3931:laser light
3910:instruction
3392:peripherals
3378:motherboard
3368:motherboard
3351:LED display
3313:main memory
3307:data caches
3301:instruction
3234:memory card
3211:memory card
3143:parallelism
3125:DMA channel
3119:accelerator
3065:scratchpads
3033:main memory
2854:accelerator
2839:system, or
2481:instruction
2380:instruction
1909:motherboard
1880:ubiquitous.
1874:floppy disk
1796:motherboard
1590:superscalar
1555:for adding
1527:DisplayPort
1509:main memory
1463:where each
1388:main memory
1326:main memory
1120:main memory
1112:core memory
1077:A computer
1008:air cooling
968:system unit
856:channel I/O
848:memory card
834:card reader
784:cache lines
731:in a local
689:in a local
483:accelerator
467:form factor
462:motherboard
406:The unique
391:accumulator
345:accelerator
329:motherboard
6070:BitTorrent
5850:2007-06-27
5830:2016-05-25
5731:References
5667:References
5305:video card
5283:References
4981:electronic
4943:tape drive
4921:References
4771:Serial ATA
4746:system bus
4738:A type of
4702:audio card
4694:sound card
4674:A type of
4598:A type of
4487:References
4246:programmer
4237:A type of
4168:(either a
4154:transistor
4122:peripheral
3985:peripheral
3929:that uses
3926:disk drive
3923:A type of
3849:References
3562:References
3255:connector.
3078:A type of
2992:References
2818:scratchpad
2683:jump drive
2662:References
2430:servicing
2316:References
2062:References
1808:riser card
1738:References
1584:dual issue
1506:to access
1499:disk drive
1496:such as a
1472:cache line
1295:data cache
1273:References
1101:arithmetic
845:such as a
777:cache ways
722:cache miss
700:cache line
672:cache miss
586:Bottleneck
564:format war
323:video card
288:References
68:newspapers
5526:zip drive
5512:CPU cache
5507:processor
5414:real time
5073:uop cache
4753:SuperDisk
4294:circuits.
4212:processor
4037:Converts
3957:pen drive
3937:near the
3372:from 1993
3260:microcode
3168:or other
2845:(such as
2809:, e.g. a
2522:interrupt
2517:material.
2181:products.
1802:backplane
1773:protocols
1544:drive bay
1297:(D-cache)
1048:microcode
1006:to cause
960:enclosure
817:where an
711:within a
680:cache hit
663:allocated
504:TrueNorth
490:or other
442:or other
435:addresses
6160:Category
6135:Software
6105:Internet
6100:Hardware
6095:Graphics
6075:Blogging
5790:Volume 7
5682:See also
5662:See also
5428:Ethernet
5342:PC clone
5278:See also
5000:trackpad
4992:touchpad
4974:terminal
4916:See also
4766:in 1997.
4578:software
4482:See also
4278:, FRAM,
4156:shrinks.
4059:prefetch
4043:DC power
4039:mains AC
3844:See also
3668:designs.
3655:memories
3610:LAN card
3591:Ethernet
3557:See also
3244:mini-VGA
3113:software
3073:mask ROM
2987:See also
2851:) in an
2705:keyboard
2657:See also
2475:pipeline
2464:as data.
2311:See also
2156:memories
2128:hardware
2057:See also
1854:firmware
1844:firewall
1733:See also
1558:hardware
1268:See also
1002:using a
921:(CD-ROM)
874:chip set
771:evicting
747:evicting
743:allocate
685:Finding
566:against
283:See also
98:May 2017
5996:May 19,
5948:May 19,
5914:May 19,
5770:May 25,
5465:evicted
5121:USB 3.0
5111:USB 2.0
5101:USB 1.x
5014:fingers
4764:Imation
4734:(SDRAM)
4657:laptops
4336:(PCI-X)
4268:Flashes
4264:EEPROMs
4224:network
4220:cluster
4192:network
4114:printer
4107:latency
4049:. Some
3972:pentest
3892:booting
3584:network
3423:or for
3332:monitor
3188:, e.g.
3159:address
2438:shaders
2408:I-cache
1478:address
994:airflow
964:housing
948:cabinet
944:chassis
904:(CD-RW)
866:chipset
408:integer
401:address
82:scholar
6065:Backup
5987:
5939:
5905:
5874:
5821:
5796:18 May
5761:
5484:where
5446:where
5403:webcam
5394:webcam
5368:Memory
5040:, and
5019:stylus
4773:(SATA)
4680:memory
4670:(SRAM)
4594:(SIMM)
4568:server
4511:(RAID)
4323:, and
4301:(PCIe)
4280:NV RAM
4260:EPROMs
4233:(PROM)
4190:via a
4131:inkjet
3690:memory
3675:(NUMA)
3661:caches
3427:, etc.
3357:(CRT).
3206:, etc.
3165:memory
3131:memory
3095:memory
3059:caches
2800:memory
2774:where
2751:memory
2440:for a
2361:(IOPS)
2176:(HDMI)
2149:where
1918:to it.
1599:(DRAM)
1568:(DIMM)
1437:(DASD)
1413:movies
1380:OpenCL
1335:for a
887:(CD-R)
802:(COMA)
787:in an
708:memory
661:to be
621:caches
568:HD DVD
510:, etc.
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
5481:cache
5443:cache
5332:(VGA)
5311:Also
5092:(e.g
5088:in a
5081:cache
5058:(USB)
5016:or a
4998:Also
4778:Also
4700:Also
4627:Also
4552:(ROM)
4522:(RAM)
4320:PCI-X
4288:FPGAs
4214:in a
4198:, or
4135:laser
4070:cache
4033:(PSU)
3997:(PCI)
3626:(NOC)
3608:Also
3419:on a
3400:mouse
3276:seen.
3270:modem
3044:in a
2827:in a
2812:cache
2501:Also
2418:in a
2415:cache
2369:like
2350:(I/O)
2113:(HDD)
2095:(GPU)
1805:, or
1488:(DMA)
1460:cache
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