59:
31:
553:
nature, which impedes laboratory culturing. This obstacle was eventually surpassed with the use of root cultures and, most recently, a method which applies sequencing of single nucleus from spores has also been developed to circumvent this challenge. The first mycorrhizal gene to be sequenced was the
1145:
Zangaro, Waldemar, Leila
Rostirola, Vergal Souza, Priscila Almeida Alves, Bochi Lescano, Ricardo Rondina, Luiz Nogueira, and Eduardo Carrenho. "Root Colonization and Spore Abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Distinct Successional Stages from an Atlantic Rainforest Biome in Southern Brazil."
292:
are commonly dispersed by fungal and plant burrowing herbivore partners, but some air dispersal capabilities are also known. Studies have shown that spore germination is specific to particular environmental conditions such as right amount of nutrients, temperature or host availability. It has also
293:
been observed that the rate of root system colonization is directly correlated to spore density in the soil. In addition, new data also suggests that AM fungi host plants also secrete chemical factors that attract and enhance the growth of developing spore hyphae towards the root system.
578:
found that 5.4% of the fungal rRNA reads mapped to
Glomeromycota. This result was inconsistent with previous PCR-based studies of community structure in the region, suggesting that previous PCR-based studies may have underestimated Glomeromycota abundance due to amplification biases.
881:
Spatafora, Joseph W.; Chang, Ying; Benny, Gerald L.; Lazarus, Katy; Smith, Matthew E.; Berbee, Mary L.; Bonito, Gregory; Corradi, Nicolas; Grigoriev, Igor; Gryganskyi, Andrii; James, Timothy Y.; O’Donnell, Kerry; Roberson, Robert W.; Taylor, Thomas N.; Uehling, Jessie (2016).
1271:"Revised classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Zygomycetes): a new order, Glomales, two new suborders, Glomineae and Gigasporineae, and two new families, Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae, with an emendation of Glomaceae"
287:
present in the soil. Although pre-existing hyphae and infected root fragments have been shown to colonize the roots of a host successfully, germinating spores are considered to be the key players in new host establishment.
332:
Initial studies of the
Glomeromycota were based on the morphology of soil-borne sporocarps (spore clusters) found in or near colonized plant roots. Distinguishing features such as wall morphologies, size, shape, color,
316:, which has low functional periods before degradation and absorption by the host's root cells. A fully developed arbuscular mycorrhizal structure facilitates the two-way movement of nutrients between the host and
829:
Spatafora JW, Chang Y, Benny GL, Lazarus K, Smith ME, Berbee ML, Bonito G, Corradi N, Grigoriev I, Gryganskyi A, James TY, O'Donnell K, Roberson RW, Taylor TN, Uehling J, Vilgalys R, White MM, Stajich JE (2016).
1204:
Wright, S.F. Management of
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. 2005. In Roots and Soil Management: Interactions between roots and the soil. Ed. Zobel, R.W., Wright, S.F. USA: American Society of Agronomy. Pp
1319:
Redecker, D.; Schüßler, A.; Stockinger, H.; Stürmer, S. L.; Morton, J. B. & Walker, C. (2013). "An evidence-based consensus for the classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota)".
296:
The necessary components for the colonization of
Glomeromycota include the host's fine root system, proper development of intracellular arbuscular structures, and a well-established external fungal
1669:
Hudson, Corey M.; Kirton, Edward; Hutchinson, Miriam I.; Redfern, Joanna L.; Simmons, Blake; Ackerman, Eric; Singh, Seema; Williams, Kelly P.; Natvig, Donald O.; Powell, Amy J. (December 2015).
304:
between epidermal root cells. The process is regulated by specialized chemical signaling and changes in gene expression of both the host and AM fungi. Intracellular hyphae extend up to the
794:
Hempel, S.; Renker, C. & Buscot, F. (2007). "Differences in the species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in spore, root and soil communities in a grassland ecosystem".
222:
species are terrestrial and widely distributed in soils worldwide where they form symbioses with the roots of the majority of plant species (>80%). They can also be found in
2474:
324:
association allows the host plant to respond better to environmental stresses, and the non-photosynthetic fungi to obtain carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis.
2331:
2248:
2547:
2479:
2449:
2341:
2107:
942:
Simon, L.; Bousquet, J.; Levesque, C.; Lalonde, M. (1993). "Origin and diversification of endomycorrhizal fungi and coincidence with vascular land plants".
2336:
2075:
2567:
2118:
2454:
337:
attachment and reaction to staining compounds allowed a phylogeny to be constructed. Superficial similarities led to the initial placement of genus
3122:
1937:
1045:"Mating type gene homologues and putative sex pheromone-sensing pathway in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, a presumably asexual plant root symbiont"
3923:
2464:
2416:
1472:
Montoliu-Nerin, Merce; Sánchez-García, Marisol; Bergin, Claudia; Grabherr, Manfred; Ellis, Barbara; Kutschera, Verena Esther; Kierczak, Marcin;
1292:
Schüßler, A.; et al. (January 2001). "Analysis of partial
Glomales SSU rRNA gene sequences: implications for primer design and phylogeny".
2605:
2113:
1781:
1727:
3962:
3753:
2459:
300:. Colonization is accomplished by the interactions between germinating spore hyphae and the root hairs of the host or by the development of
3845:
3649:
218:) for carbon and energy, but there is recent circumstantial evidence that some species may be able to lead an independent existence. The
772:
749:
3897:
3701:
1717:
3936:
3727:
2828:
233:. Currently, the phylum name Glomeromycota is invalid, and the subphylum Glomeromycotina should be used to describe this taxon.
3941:
3732:
345:. Following broader reviews that cleared up the sporocarp confusion, the Glomeromycota were first proposed in the genera
1774:
1545:"Specific Amplification of 18S Fungal Ribosomal Genes from Vesicular-Arbuscular Endomycorrhizal Fungi Colonizing Roots"
575:
1170:
657:
4036:
3998:
3967:
3758:
1822:
1817:
1901:
1891:
1874:
1767:
612:
58:
2821:
364:
With the advent of molecular techniques this classification has undergone major revision. An analysis of
1759:
1614:
1478:"Building de novo reference genome assemblies of complex eukaryotic microorganisms from single nuclei"
1437:
4003:
3977:
3768:
2965:
571:
3889:
3693:
709:
3836:
1753:
1438:"Systematics and taxonomy of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales) – a possible way forward"
780:
757:
308:
of the root and penetrate the cell walls but not the inner cellular membrane creating an internal
3640:
3050:
2681:
2289:
1906:
1610:"Ecological and evolutionary significance of mycorrhizal symbioses in vascular plants (A Review)"
3794:
1270:
4026:
3602:
2814:
2281:
2065:
704:
313:
1362:
Redeker, D. (2002). "Molecular identification and phylogeny of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi".
1186:
Tulasne, L.R. & C. Tulasne (1844). "Fungi nonnulli hipogaei, novi v. minus cogniti auct".
229:
According to multigene phylogenetic analyses, this taxon is located as a member of the phylum
4041:
4031:
3789:
3278:
2928:
2426:
2088:
2057:
1869:
1798:
549:
The biochemical and genetic characterization of the
Glomeromycota has been hindered by their
219:
183:
3990:
3781:
691:
Hibbett, D.S.; et al. (March 2007). "A higher level phylogenetic classification of the
3928:
3871:
3662:
2943:
2714:
2661:
2220:
2083:
1731:
1623:
1556:
1489:
1056:
953:
884:"A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data"
832:"A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data"
8:
2691:
2666:
2406:
2207:
2146:
2141:
1749:
317:
172:
39:
2806:
1627:
1560:
1493:
1060:
957:
171:, as they include only one class, Glomeromycetes) are one of eight currently recognized
3273:
2955:
2767:
2719:
2706:
2686:
2671:
2651:
2600:
2271:
2243:
2197:
2133:
1886:
1864:
1852:
1827:
1590:
1520:
1477:
1418:
1379:
1344:
1232:
1079:
1044:
1020:
991:
969:
916:
883:
858:
831:
730:
607:
567:
523:
53:
45:
1646:
1609:
1577:
1544:
261:. In some, complex spores form within a terminal saccule. Recently it was shown that
210:. The majority of evidence shows that the Glomeromycota are dependent on land plants (
3985:
3858:
3850:
3776:
3654:
3065:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2676:
2527:
2377:
2263:
2189:
1896:
1859:
1847:
1837:
1692:
1651:
1582:
1525:
1507:
1473:
1336:
1166:
1125:
1084:
1025:
921:
903:
863:
811:
807:
722:
628:
176:
1422:
1383:
1348:
1318:
3341:
3220:
3112:
3055:
2995:
2990:
2918:
2903:
2796:
2643:
2590:
2532:
2441:
2398:
2369:
2253:
2215:
2123:
1811:
1682:
1641:
1631:
1594:
1572:
1564:
1515:
1497:
1452:
1410:
1371:
1328:
1301:
1224:
1115:
1074:
1064:
1015:
1007:
973:
961:
944:
911:
895:
853:
843:
803:
734:
714:
673:
620:
502:) in fact belong to other deeply divergent lineages and were placed in the orders,
354:
1568:
3821:
3514:
3419:
3381:
3336:
3268:
3025:
2985:
2970:
2863:
2772:
2762:
2744:
2696:
2610:
2562:
2552:
2542:
2469:
2431:
2307:
2230:
2098:
2014:
1984:
1979:
1250:
J.W. Gerdemann; J.M. Trappe (1974). "The
Endogonaceae in the Pacific Northwest".
1069:
718:
528:
507:
498:
448:
407:
305:
262:
253:
and reproduce asexually through blastic development of the hyphal tip to produce
137:
132:
3863:
3884:
3688:
3574:
3519:
3509:
3351:
3165:
3117:
3030:
3005:
3000:
2980:
2975:
2878:
2868:
2757:
2752:
2577:
2557:
2537:
2519:
2504:
2489:
2346:
2238:
2179:
1842:
1502:
519:
511:
503:
473:
207:
191:
153:
147:
1414:
1375:
1332:
1305:
1120:
1103:
677:
624:
201:, is known not to do so. Instead, it forms an endocytobiotic association with
182:, with approximately 230 described species. Members of the Glomeromycota form
4020:
3625:
3298:
3245:
3170:
3106:
3092:
3040:
3035:
2949:
2938:
2933:
2913:
2908:
2883:
2628:
2595:
2585:
2509:
2312:
2171:
1947:
1511:
907:
559:
555:
1687:
1670:
1457:
1043:
Halary S, Daubois L, Terrat Y, Ellenberger S, Wöstemeyer J, Hijri M (2013).
941:
3494:
3489:
3464:
3439:
3429:
3356:
3225:
3099:
3060:
3045:
3020:
3015:
2960:
2893:
2656:
2421:
2299:
1929:
1696:
1655:
1636:
1529:
1340:
1129:
1088:
1029:
925:
867:
815:
726:
588:
342:
309:
301:
230:
1586:
1471:
632:
3910:
3830:
3714:
3634:
3549:
3524:
3469:
3444:
3366:
3361:
3326:
3316:
3010:
2923:
1989:
1790:
1789:
1011:
358:
1712:
1236:
990:
Halary S, Malik SB, Lildhar L, Slamovits CH, Hijri M, Corradi N (2011).
312:. The penetrating hyphae develop a highly branched structure called an
3582:
3544:
3474:
3454:
3449:
3434:
3404:
3376:
3331:
3321:
3293:
3288:
3230:
3205:
2898:
2873:
2387:
2160:
1721:
550:
423:
258:
142:
3915:
3719:
1397:
Schüßler, A. (2002). "Molecular phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolution of
30:
3675:
3499:
3479:
3371:
3250:
3185:
3175:
3160:
3155:
3136:
2888:
1607:
1228:
965:
496:
Several species which produce glomoid spores (i.e. spores similar to
321:
284:
242:
196:
187:
70:
3954:
3745:
3596:
1671:"Lignin-modifying processes in the rhizosphere of arid land grasses"
3949:
3902:
3815:
3740:
3680:
3619:
3554:
3534:
3529:
3504:
3484:
3459:
3424:
3414:
3409:
3240:
3215:
3195:
2855:
2411:
2045:
2036:
2022:
1881:
899:
848:
773:"The Geosiphon pyriformis symbiosis – fungus 'eats' cyanobacterium"
372:. Nowadays it is accepted that Glomeromycota consists of 4 orders.
365:
297:
246:
3706:
3559:
3539:
3235:
3210:
3200:
3190:
3146:
3083:
2633:
2360:
1737:
369:
268:
250:
223:
226:, including salt-marshes, and associated with epiphytic plants.
3399:
3391:
3260:
1794:
1746:– 'Glomeromycota database' web-site at the University of Munich
1734:
1542:
558:(SSU rRNA). This gene is highly conserved and commonly used in
368:
sequences indicated that they share a common ancestor with the
203:
80:
1042:
793:
283:
New colonization of AM fungi largely depends on the amount of
271:. Based on these and related findings, it was suggested that
267:
species contain 51 genes encoding all the tools necessary for
3876:
3667:
3308:
3180:
1668:
563:
334:
289:
254:
179:
3346:
2838:
1743:
989:
1104:"Fungal sex: meiosis machinery in ancient symbiotic fungi"
880:
828:
257:(Glomerospores,blastospore) with diameters of 80–500
2836:
1249:
194:. Not all species have been shown to form AMs, and one,
1185:
1215:
538:
may be better suited to different genera or families.
1268:
527:
and produces spores typical to this division, in the
353:
before being accorded their own order with the three
1141:
1139:
1608:D.W. Malloch; K.A. Pirozynski; P.H. Raven (1980).
996:spp., a putatively ancient asexual fungal lineage"
606:
1136:
534:Work in this field is incomplete, and members of
518:) that forms endosymbiotic associations with the
4018:
3123:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
610:(1998). "A revised six-kingdom system of Life".
985:
983:
2013:
1720:at the International Culture Collection of VA
2822:
1775:
1156:
1154:
1152:
690:
1543:Simon, L.; Lalonde, M.; Bruns, T.D. (1992).
1396:
1291:
1095:
1036:
980:
655:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
1390:
1361:
1214:
822:
656:Schüßler, A.; et al. (December 2001).
574:(PCR). A metatranscriptomic survey of the
2829:
2815:
1782:
1768:
1435:
1149:
1101:
29:
1752:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1686:
1645:
1635:
1576:
1519:
1501:
1456:
1160:
1119:
1078:
1068:
1019:
915:
857:
847:
708:
640:
275:species may have a cryptic sexual cycle.
1161:Smith, Sally E.; Read, David J. (2008).
770:
747:
2854:
937:
935:
570:group before amplification through the
514:, which presently contains one fungus (
510:. This new classification includes the
4019:
3082:
1662:
1198:
684:
361:), Acaulosporaceae and Gigasporaceae.
3601:
3600:
2810:
1763:
3978:187bcc9b-440c-49e8-97fe-f9d1c6e91185
3769:f5f40b7c-c37c-4884-aa2e-a1d9ee31c2bd
1146:Mycorrhiza 23.3 (2013): 221–33. Web.
932:
544:
1401:and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi".
748:Schüßler, Arthur (15 August 2011).
13:
771:Schüßler, Arthur (10 March 2011).
105:C.Walker & A.Schuessler (2001)
14:
4053:
1706:
1549:American Society for Microbiology
241:The Glomeromycota have generally
1269:J.B. Morton; G.L. Benny (1990).
992:"Conserved meiotic machinery in
808:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01309.x
57:
1601:
1536:
1465:
1429:
1355:
1312:
1285:
1262:
1243:
1208:
1179:
278:
236:
1476:; Rosling, Anna (2020-01-28).
1165:(3 ed.). Academic Press.
874:
787:
764:
741:
600:
1:
1569:10.1128/aem.58.1.291-295.1992
613:Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc.
594:
562:studies so was isolated from
1102:Sanders IR (November 2011).
1070:10.1371/journal.pone.0080729
719:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004
327:
7:
582:
10:
4058:
1713:Tree of Life Glomeromycota
1675:Environmental Microbiology
1615:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
1503:10.1038/s41598-020-58025-3
1188:Giornale Botanico Italiano
796:Environmental Microbiology
662:: phylogeny and evolution"
658:"A new fungal phylum, the
3805:
3609:
3572:
3390:
3307:
3259:
3144:
3135:
3078:
2850:
2846:
2841:phyla/divisions by domain
2793:
2743:
2705:
2642:
2627:
2576:
2518:
2497:
2488:
2440:
2397:
2386:
2368:
2359:
2321:
2298:
2280:
2262:
2229:
2206:
2188:
2170:
2159:
2132:
2097:
2074:
2056:
2044:
2035:
2006:
1972:
1955:
1946:
1928:
1921:
1805:
1333:10.1007/s00572-013-0486-y
1306:10.1017/S0953756200003725
1121:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.021
750:"Glomeromycota phylogeny"
678:10.1017/S0953756201005196
625:10.1017/s0006323198005167
572:polymerase chain reaction
470:
445:
420:
404:
397:
390:
383:
186:(AMs) with the thalli of
129:
124:
54:Scientific classification
52:
37:
28:
23:
1754:Medical Subject Headings
1217:Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci
366:small subunit (SSU) rRNA
341:in the unrelated family
4037:Fungi by classification
3051:Thermodesulfobacteriota
2682:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
2475:Sporopachydermiomycetes
2290:Calcarisporiellomycetes
1688:10.1111/1462-2920.13020
1415:10.1023/A:1020238728910
1376:10.1023/A:1020283832275
245:(occasionally sparsely
2332:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
2282:Calcarisporiellomycota
2249:Ramicandelaberomycetes
2066:Neocallimastigomycetes
1637:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2113
220:arbuscular mycorrhizal
184:arbuscular mycorrhizas
167:(often referred to as
3790:Paleobiology Database
3279:Neocallimastigomycota
2799:(polyphyletic group).
2427:Schizosaccharomycetes
2089:Monoblepharidomycetes
2058:Neocallimastigomycota
1458:10.1051/agro:19921026
1163:Mycorrhizal symbiosis
320:fungal partner. The
2944:Coprothermobacterota
2715:Peribolosporomycetes
2662:Agaricostilbomycetes
2548:Collemopsidiomycetes
2422:Pneumocystidomycetes
2221:Entomophthoromycetes
2084:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
1965:Paramicrosporidiales
1732:University of Sydney
1399:Geosiphon pyriformis
576:Sevilleta Arid Lands
516:Geosiphon pyriformis
192:vascular land plants
43:in association with
2692:Spiculogloeomycetes
2667:Cystobasidiomycetes
2480:Trigonopsidomycetes
2450:Alloascoideomycetes
2407:Archaeorhizomycetes
2342:Archaeosporomycetes
2208:Entomophthoromycota
2147:Blastocladiomycetes
2142:Physodermatomycetes
2108:Caulochytriomycetes
1948:Microsporidiomycota
1628:1980PNAS...77.2113M
1561:1992ApEnM..58..291S
1494:2020NatSR..10.1303M
1436:Walker, C. (1992).
1061:2013PLoSO...880729H
958:1993Natur.363...67S
777:www.lrz-muenchen.de
754:www.lrz-muenchen.de
637:(as "Glomomycetes")
40:Gigaspora margarita
3274:Blastocladiomycota
2768:Bartheletiomycetes
2720:Monilielliomycetes
2707:Ustilaginomycotina
2687:Atractiellomycetes
2672:Microbotryomycetes
2652:Tritirachiomycetes
2601:Laboulbeniomycetes
2337:Paraglomeromycetes
2272:Mortierellomycetes
2244:Dimargaritomycetes
2198:Basidiobolomycetes
2134:Blastocladiomycota
2076:Monoblepharomycota
1482:Scientific Reports
1474:Johannesson, Hanna
1012:10.1093/gbe/evr089
608:Cavalier-Smith, T.
524:Nostoc punctiforme
46:Lotus corniculatus
4014:
4013:
3986:Open Tree of Life
3777:Open Tree of Life
3603:Taxon identifiers
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3568:
3567:
3131:
3130:
3074:
3073:
3066:Verrucomicrobiota
2804:
2803:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2735:Exobasidiomycetes
2730:Ustilaginomycetes
2725:Malasseziomycetes
2677:Classiculomycetes
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2568:Xylobotryomycetes
2528:Candelariomycetes
2378:Entorrhizomycetes
2355:
2354:
2264:Mortierellomycota
2190:Basidiobolomycota
2155:
2154:
2119:Sanchytriomycetes
2031:
2030:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1722:Mycorrhizal Fungi
1681:(12): 4965–4978.
1252:Mycologia Memoirs
672:(12): 1413–1421.
545:Molecular biology
493:
492:
484:
483:
459:
458:
434:
433:
190:and the roots of
162:
161:
120:
119:Caval.-Sm. (1998)
106:
4049:
4007:
4006:
3994:
3993:
3981:
3980:
3971:
3970:
3958:
3957:
3945:
3944:
3932:
3931:
3919:
3918:
3906:
3905:
3893:
3892:
3880:
3879:
3867:
3866:
3854:
3853:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3798:
3797:
3785:
3784:
3772:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3735:
3723:
3722:
3710:
3709:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3598:
3597:
3342:Anthocerotophyta
3221:Hemimastigophora
3142:
3141:
3113:Nitrososphaerota
3080:
3079:
3056:Thermomicrobiota
2996:Kiritimatiellota
2991:Ignavibacteriota
2956:Deferribacterota
2919:Campylobacterota
2904:Bdellovibrionota
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2797:fungi imperfecti
2644:Pucciniomycotina
2640:
2639:
2591:Geoglossomycetes
2533:Coniocybomycetes
2495:
2494:
2455:Dipodascomycetes
2442:Saccharomycotina
2399:Taphrinomycotina
2395:
2394:
2370:Entorrhizomycota
2366:
2365:
2254:Kickxellomycetes
2216:Neozygitomycetes
2168:
2167:
2124:Chytridiomycetes
2054:
2053:
2042:
2041:
2011:
2010:
1953:
1952:
1926:
1925:
1834:
1814:
1797:classification,
1784:
1777:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1622:(4): 2113–2118.
1605:
1599:
1598:
1580:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1505:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1229:10.2307/20025921
1212:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1158:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1000:Genome Biol Evol
987:
978:
977:
966:10.1038/363067a0
939:
930:
929:
919:
894:(5): 1028–1046.
878:
872:
871:
861:
851:
826:
820:
819:
802:(8): 1930–1938.
791:
785:
784:
779:. Archived from
768:
762:
761:
756:. Archived from
745:
739:
738:
712:
688:
682:
681:
653:
638:
636:
604:
400:
399:
393:
392:
386:
385:
376:
375:
118:
104:
62:
61:
33:
21:
20:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4002:
3997:
3989:
3984:
3976:
3974:
3966:
3961:
3953:
3948:
3940:
3935:
3927:
3922:
3914:
3909:
3901:
3896:
3888:
3883:
3875:
3870:
3862:
3857:
3849:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3801:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3605:
3595:
3586:
3564:
3515:Gnathostomulida
3420:Xenacoelomorpha
3386:
3382:Flowering plant
3337:Marchantiophyta
3303:
3269:Chytridiomycota
3255:
3127:
3070:
3026:Planctomycetota
2986:Gemmatimonadota
2971:Elusimicrobiota
2864:Acidobacteriota
2842:
2835:
2805:
2800:
2777:
2773:Tremellomycetes
2763:Wallemiomycetes
2745:Agaricomycotina
2739:
2701:
2697:Pucciniomycetes
2631:
2615:
2611:Sordariomycetes
2572:
2563:Lecanoromycetes
2553:Dothideomycetes
2543:Arthoniomycetes
2514:
2484:
2470:Saccharomycetes
2436:
2432:Taphrinomycetes
2412:Neolectomycetes
2390:
2382:
2351:
2317:
2308:Endogonomycetes
2294:
2276:
2258:
2231:Kickxellomycota
2225:
2202:
2184:
2163:
2151:
2128:
2099:Chytridiomycota
2093:
2070:
2049:
2027:
2015:Aphelidiomycota
2007:Aphelidiomyceta
1994:
1985:Metchnikovellea
1980:Chytridiopsidea
1968:
1959:Morellosporales
1942:
1917:
1916:
1832:
1810:
1801:
1788:
1744:'AMF-phylogeny'
1709:
1704:
1667:
1663:
1606:
1602:
1541:
1537:
1470:
1466:
1451:(10): 887–897.
1440:
1434:
1430:
1395:
1391:
1360:
1356:
1317:
1313:
1290:
1286:
1267:
1263:
1248:
1244:
1223:(12): 291–341.
1213:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1100:
1096:
1041:
1037:
988:
981:
952:(6424): 67–69.
940:
933:
879:
875:
827:
823:
792:
788:
769:
765:
746:
742:
710:10.1.1.626.9582
689:
685:
654:
641:
605:
601:
597:
585:
547:
541:
529:Archaeosporales
508:Archaeosporales
494:
485:
460:
449:Archaeosporales
435:
408:Diversisporales
357:Glomaceae (now
330:
281:
239:
214:in the case of
138:Diversisporales
133:Archaeosporales
117:
103:
101:Glomeromycotina
56:
17:
16:Phylum of fungi
12:
11:
5:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
3995:
3982:
3972:
3959:
3946:
3933:
3920:
3907:
3894:
3881:
3868:
3855:
3842:
3837:Glomeromycetes
3827:
3811:
3809:
3807:Glomeromycetes
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3786:
3773:
3763:
3750:
3737:
3724:
3711:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3631:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3578:
3575:Incertae sedis
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3520:Micrognathozoa
3517:
3512:
3510:Acanthocephala
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3352:Lycopodiophyta
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:Ancyromonadida
3163:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3118:Thermoproteota
3115:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:Pseudomonadota
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:Mycoplasmatota
3003:
3001:Lentisphaerota
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Fusobacteriota
2978:
2976:Fibrobacterota
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2879:Armatimonadota
2876:
2871:
2869:Actinomycetota
2866:
2860:
2858:
2844:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Agaricomycetes
2755:
2753:Dacrymycetales
2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2578:Sordariomyceta
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2558:Eurotiomycetes
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:Lichinomycetes
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2520:Dothideomyceta
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2505:Orbiliomycetes
2501:
2499:
2492:
2490:Pezizomycotina
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2347:Glomeromycetes
2344:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Zoopagomycetes
2235:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2180:Olpidiomycetes
2176:
2174:
2165:
2164:(paraphyletic)
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2050:(paraphyletic)
2039:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:Nucleophagales
1960:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1938:Rozellomycetes
1934:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1907:Mesomycetozoea
1904:
1899:
1889:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1843:Diaphoretickes
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1741:
1725:
1715:
1708:
1707:External links
1705:
1703:
1702:
1661:
1600:
1555:(1): 291–295.
1535:
1464:
1428:
1403:Plant and Soil
1389:
1364:Plant and Soil
1354:
1327:(7): 515–531.
1311:
1284:
1261:
1242:
1207:
1197:
1178:
1171:
1148:
1135:
1114:(21): R896–7.
1094:
1055:(11): e80729.
1035:
979:
931:
900:10.3852/16-042
873:
849:10.3852/16-042
821:
786:
783:on 2012-08-05.
763:
760:on 2012-05-29.
740:
703:(5): 509–547.
683:
639:
619:(3): 203–266.
598:
596:
593:
592:
591:
584:
581:
554:small-subunit
546:
543:
520:cyanobacterium
512:Geosiphonaceae
504:Paraglomerales
491:
490:
487:
486:
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:Paraglomerales
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
457:
456:
453:
452:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
432:
431:
428:
427:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
403:
398:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
374:
329:
326:
306:cortical cells
280:
277:
238:
235:
169:glomeromycetes
160:
159:
158:
157:
154:Nematophytales
150:
148:Paraglomerales
145:
140:
135:
127:
126:
122:
121:
115:Glomeromycetes
112:
108:
107:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
50:
49:
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Glomeromycota
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4054:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Glomeromycota
4025:
4024:
4022:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3641:Glomeromycota
3636:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3611:Glomeromycota
3608:
3604:
3599:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3299:Basidiomycota
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:Glomeromycota
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Stramenopiles
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Apusomonadida
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:Nanoarchaeota
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:Euryarchaeota
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Spirochaetota
3039:
3037:
3036:Rhodothermota
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:Dictyoglomota
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:Cyanobacteria
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Chrysiogenota
2937:
2935:
2934:Chloroflexota
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Calditrichota
2912:
2910:
2909:Caldisericota
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:Atribacterota
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2798:
2792:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2629:Basidiomycota
2626:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Leotiomycetes
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Xylonomycetes
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2510:Pezizomycetes
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:Pichiomycetes
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:Novakomycetes
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2323:Glomeromycota
2320:
2314:
2313:Mucoromycetes
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2172:Olpidiomycota
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:Microsporidia
1971:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1930:Rozellomycota
1927:
1924:
1922:Rozellomyceta
1920:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Stramenopiles
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:(major groups
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1799:fungal orders
1796:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1750:Glomeromycota
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:Glomeromycota
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:Glomeromycota
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1172:9780123705266
1168:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
986:
984:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
946:
938:
936:
927:
923:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
877:
869:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
842:(3): 758–65.
841:
837:
833:
825:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
782:
778:
774:
767:
759:
755:
751:
744:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
687:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
661:
660:Glomeromycota
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
615:
614:
609:
603:
599:
590:
587:
586:
580:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:ribosomal RNA
552:
542:
539:
537:
532:
530:
526:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:
489:
488:
480:
479:
476:
475:
468:
467:
464:
463:
455:
454:
451:
450:
443:
442:
439:
438:
430:
429:
426:
425:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
402:
401:
395:
394:
388:
387:
381:
380:Glomeromycota
378:
377:
373:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
291:
286:
276:
274:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
234:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:cyanobacteria
206:
205:
200:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:Glomeromycota
155:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
128:
123:
116:
113:
110:
109:
102:
99:
97:Subdivision:
96:
95:
92:
91:Glomeromycota
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
55:
51:
48:
47:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4042:Soil biology
4032:Fungus phyla
3806:
3610:
3581:
3573:
3495:Orthonectida
3490:Gastrotricha
3465:Nematomorpha
3440:Chaetognatha
3430:Hemichordate
3357:Pteridophyta
3283:
3226:Malawimonada
3100:Korarchaeota
3061:Thermotogota
3046:Synergistota
3021:Nitrospirota
3016:Nitrospinota
2961:Deinococcota
2894:Bacteroidota
2657:Mixiomycetes
2606:Sareomycetes
2322:
2300:Mucoromycota
2114:Coenomycetes
1892:Opisthokonta
1678:
1674:
1664:
1619:
1613:
1603:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1485:
1481:
1467:
1448:
1444:
1431:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1162:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1003:
999:
993:
949:
943:
891:
887:
876:
839:
835:
824:
799:
795:
789:
781:the original
776:
766:
758:the original
753:
743:
700:
696:
692:
686:
669:
665:
659:
616:
611:
602:
589:Prototaxites
560:phylogenetic
548:
540:
535:
533:
522:
515:
497:
495:
471:
446:
421:
405:
379:
363:
350:
346:
343:Endogonaceae
338:
331:
310:invagination
295:
282:
279:Colonization
272:
263:
240:
237:Reproduction
231:Mucoromycota
228:
215:
211:
202:
195:
168:
164:
163:
114:
100:
90:
44:
38:
18:
3911:iNaturalist
3831:Wikispecies
3715:iNaturalist
3635:Wikispecies
3550:Brachiopoda
3525:Cycliophora
3470:Onychophora
3445:Kinorhyncha
3367:Ginkgophyta
3362:Cycadophyta
3327:Chlorophyta
3317:Glaucophyta
3011:Myxococcota
2929:Chlorobiota
2924:Chlamydiota
2460:Lipomycetes
2391:(sac fungi)
1990:Microsporea
1791:Opisthokont
1488:(1): 1303.
1300:(1): 5–15.
359:Glomeraceae
347:Acaulospora
318:mutualistic
302:appressoria
175:within the
4021:Categories
3583:Parakaryon
3545:Entoprocta
3480:Arthropoda
3475:Tardigrada
3455:Priapulida
3450:Loricifera
3435:Echinoderm
3405:Ctenophora
3377:Gnetophyta
3332:Charophyta
3322:Rhodophyta
3294:Ascomycota
3289:Zygomycota
3231:Metamonada
3206:Euglenozoa
3191:Ciliophora
2899:Balneolota
2874:Aquificota
2795:See also:
2388:Ascomycota
2161:Zygomycota
1795:True fungi
1321:Mycorrhiza
1294:Mycol. Res
1281:: 471–491.
1108:Curr. Biol
697:Mycol. Res
666:Mycol. Res
595:References
551:biotrophic
424:Glomerales
243:coenocytic
199:pyriformis
188:bryophytes
143:Glomerales
87:Division:
3822:Q13389544
3500:Dicyemida
3372:Pinophyta
3251:Telonemia
3186:Cryptista
3176:Breviatea
3161:Amoebozoa
3156:Alveolata
3137:Eukaryote
2889:Bacillota
2046:Zoosporic
2023:Aphelidea
1887:Amoebozoa
1865:Alveolata
1853:Cryptista
1828:Eukaryota
1512:2045-2322
1445:Agronomie
1409:: 75–83.
1370:: 67–73.
1275:Mycotaxon
1006:: 950–8.
908:0027-5514
888:Mycologia
836:Mycologia
705:CiteSeerX
568:taxonomic
351:Gigaspora
328:Phylogeny
322:symbiotic
314:arbuscule
216:Geosiphon
197:Geosiphon
173:divisions
77:Kingdom:
71:Eukaryota
3950:MycoBank
3885:Fungorum
3851:60013131
3846:AusFungi
3816:Wikidata
3741:MycoBank
3689:Fungorum
3655:60013081
3650:AusFungi
3620:Wikidata
3560:Annelida
3555:Mollusca
3535:Phoronid
3530:Nemertea
3505:Rotifera
3485:Flatworm
3460:Nematoda
3425:Chordate
3415:Cnidaria
3410:Placozoa
3241:Rhizaria
3216:Haptista
3196:Cercozoa
2856:Bacteria
2037:Eumycota
1882:Amorphea
1860:Rhizaria
1848:Hacrobia
1838:Excavata
1823:Bacteria
1697:26279186
1656:16592806
1530:31992756
1423:33054919
1384:33894668
1349:16495856
1341:23558516
1237:20025921
1205:183–197.
1194:: 55–63.
1130:22075432
1089:24260466
1049:PLOS ONE
1030:21876220
926:27738200
868:27738200
816:17635540
727:17572334
583:See also
566:of each
355:families
298:mycelium
285:inoculum
224:wetlands
67:Domain:
3626:Q753723
3540:Bryozoa
3236:Provora
3211:Jakobea
3201:Discoba
3147:Protist
3084:Archaea
2837:Extant
2634:basidia
2361:Dikarya
1897:Animals
1818:Archaea
1738:Biology
1730:at the
1724:(INVAM)
1624:Bibcode
1595:6480019
1587:1339260
1557:Bibcode
1521:6987183
1490:Bibcode
1258:: 1–76.
1080:3834313
1057:Bibcode
1021:3184777
974:4319766
954:Bibcode
917:6078412
859:6078412
735:4686378
633:9809012
370:Dikarya
269:meiosis
251:mycelia
247:septate
177:kingdom
125:Orders
111:Class:
4004:988436
3991:265358
3975:NZOR:
3968:214506
3942:936319
3916:152026
3795:212610
3782:385878
3766:NZOR:
3759:214504
3733:936290
3720:151868
3681:1GLOMP
3400:Sponge
3392:Animal
2632:(with
1875:Plants
1812:Domain
1756:(MeSH)
1735:Fungal
1695:
1654:
1647:348662
1644:
1593:
1585:
1578:195206
1575:
1528:
1518:
1510:
1421:
1382:
1347:
1339:
1235:
1169:
1128:
1087:
1077:
1028:
1018:
994:Glomus
972:
945:Nature
924:
914:
906:
866:
856:
814:
733:
725:
707:
631:
564:spores
536:Glomus
499:Glomus
472:
447:
422:
406:
339:Glomus
335:hyphal
290:Spores
273:Glomus
264:Glomus
255:spores
212:Nostoc
204:Nostoc
3999:WoRMS
3955:90168
3924:IRMNG
3890:90168
3746:90511
3694:90511
3309:Plant
3261:Fungi
3181:CRuMs
2498:Other
2048:fungi
1902:Fungi
1740:s|ite
1591:S2CID
1441:(PDF)
1419:S2CID
1380:S2CID
1345:S2CID
1233:JSTOR
970:S2CID
731:S2CID
693:Fungi
180:Fungi
81:Fungi
3963:NCBI
3937:ITIS
3929:1089
3898:GBIF
3877:6356
3754:NCBI
3728:ITIS
3702:GBIF
3676:EPPO
3668:6355
3347:Moss
2839:life
1693:PMID
1652:PMID
1583:PMID
1526:PMID
1508:ISSN
1337:PMID
1167:ISBN
1126:PMID
1085:PMID
1026:PMID
922:PMID
904:ISSN
864:PMID
812:PMID
723:PMID
629:PMID
506:and
349:and
3903:156
3872:EoL
3859:CoL
3663:EoL
1683:doi
1642:PMC
1632:doi
1573:PMC
1565:doi
1516:PMC
1498:doi
1453:doi
1411:doi
1407:224
1372:doi
1368:244
1329:doi
1302:doi
1298:105
1225:doi
1116:doi
1075:PMC
1065:doi
1016:PMC
1008:doi
962:doi
950:363
912:PMC
896:doi
892:108
854:PMC
844:doi
840:104
804:doi
715:doi
701:111
695:".
674:doi
670:105
621:doi
4023::
4001::
3988::
3965::
3952::
3939::
3926::
3913::
3900::
3887::
3874::
3864:BY
3861::
3848::
3833::
3818::
3792::
3779::
3756::
3743::
3730::
3717::
3707:18
3704::
3691::
3678::
3665::
3652::
3637::
3622::
1793::
1691:.
1679:17
1677:.
1673:.
1650:.
1640:.
1630:.
1620:77
1618:.
1612:.
1589:.
1581:.
1571:.
1563:.
1553:58
1551:.
1547:.
1524:.
1514:.
1506:.
1496:.
1486:10
1484:.
1480:.
1449:12
1447:.
1443:.
1417:.
1405:.
1378:.
1366:.
1343:.
1335:.
1325:23
1323:.
1296:.
1279:37
1277:.
1273:.
1254:.
1231:.
1221:57
1219:.
1190:.
1151:^
1138:^
1124:.
1112:21
1110:.
1106:.
1083:.
1073:.
1063:.
1051:.
1047:.
1024:.
1014:.
1002:.
998:.
982:^
968:.
960:.
948:.
934:^
920:.
910:.
902:.
890:.
886:.
862:.
852:.
838:.
834:.
810:.
798:.
775:.
752:.
729:.
721:.
713:.
699:.
668:.
664:.
642:^
627:.
617:73
531:.
259:μm
249:)
3149:"
3145:"
3109:"
3105:"
3102:"
3098:"
3095:"
3091:"
2952:"
2948:"
2830:e
2823:t
2816:v
2636:)
2330:†
2112:?
2106:?
1909:)
1783:e
1776:t
1769:v
1699:.
1685::
1658:.
1634::
1626::
1597:.
1567::
1559::
1532:.
1500::
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1032:.
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976:.
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800:9
737:.
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635:.
623::
156:?
152:†
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