1118:
1078:
4795:
682:
566:
436:. Fathering many pups, Horand's most prolific was Hektor von Schwaben. Hektor was inbred with another of Horand's offspring and produced Heinz von Starkenburg, Beowulf, and Pilot, who later sired a total of 84 pups, mostly through being inbred with Hektor's other offspring. This inbreeding was deemed necessary in order to fix the traits being sought in the breed. Beowulf's progeny also were inbred and it is from these pups that all German Shepherds draw a genetic link. It is believed the society accomplished its goal mostly due to von Stephanitz's strong, uncompromising leadership and he is therefore credited with being the creator of the German Shepherd Dog.
5416:
1344:
1336:
1235:
77:
1102:
1044:, all of the dogs trained were German Shepherd females. An experiment in temperament testing of a group of Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds showed that the Retrievers scored higher on average in emotional stability, ability to recover promptly from frightening situations, cooperative behaviour and friendliness; while the German Shepherds were superior in aggression and defensive behaviour. These results suggested that Labrador Retrievers were more suited to guide dog work while German Shepherds were more suited to police work.
694:
738:
646:
1327:, lameness, and potentially osteoarthritis of the joint. A North American study analysing more than 1,000,000 hip and 250,000 elbow scans in dogs over the age of two found the German Shepherd Dog to have a rate of hip and elbow dysplasia to be 18.9% and 17.8% respectively. The German Shepherd had the 8th highest rate of hip dysplasia and 6th highest rate of elbow dysplasia. Another North American study found 10.26% of German Shepherd Dogs surveyed at teaching hospitals to have hip dysplasia, compared to 3.52% overall.
866:
1413:
895:
507:
5404:
1090:
670:
1139:
603:. The AKC official breed standard does not set a standard weight range. They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle with strong jaws and a black nose. The eyes are medium-sized and brown. The ears are large and stand erect, open at the front and parallel, but they often are pulled back during movement. A German Shepherd has a long neck, which is raised when excited and lowered when moving at a fast pace as well as stalking. The tail is bushy and reaches to the
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358:
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804:
397:, an ex-cavalry captain and former student of the Berlin Veterinary College, was an ex-member of the Phylax Society who firmly believed dogs should be bred for working. He admired the intelligence, strength and ability of Germany's native sheepdogs, but could not find any one single breed that satisfied him as the perfect working dog.
1000:. They are known for being easy to train and good for performing tasks and following instructions. They are especially well known for their police work, being used for tracking criminals, patrolling troubled areas and detection and holding of suspects. Additionally, thousands of German Shepherds have been used by the military. These
373:
1051:
are more widely used for this work, although there are still German
Shepherds being trained. In 2013, about 15% of the dogs trained by Guide Dogs of America were German Shepherds, while the remainder are Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers. The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association in the United
556:
would affect the breed's popularity and legality. The name
Alsatian remained for five decades, until 1977, when successful campaigns by dog enthusiasts pressured the British kennel clubs to allow the breed to be registered again as German Shepherds. The word "Alsatian" once appeared in parentheses as
745:
German
Shepherds are moderately active dogs and are described in breed standards as self assured. The breed is marked by a willingness to learn and an eagerness to have a purpose. They are curious, which makes them excellent guard dogs and suitable for search missions. They can become overprotective
380:
During the 1890s, attempts were being made to standardise dog breeds. Dogs were being bred to preserve traits that assisted in their job of herding sheep and protecting their flocks from predators. In
Germany this was practised within local communities, where shepherds selected and bred dogs. It was
1055:
German
Shepherds are still used for herding and tending sheep grazing in meadows next to gardens and crop fields. They are expected to patrol the boundaries to keep sheep from trespassing and damaging the crops. In Germany and other places these skills are tested in utility dog trials also known as
929:
The White
Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the United States. White-coated German Shepherds were once banned from registration in their native Germany, but in the United States and Canada the coloration gained a following and a breed club was formed specifically for white German
902:
The Shiloh
Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the United States. It was developed in the 1970s and 1980s to correct behavioural and conformational issues that have been bred into modern German Shepherds, and was bred for its large size, length of back, temperament and soundness of
450:
acquired a German
Shepherd named "Prinz" in 1921, during his years of poverty, but he had been forced to lodge the dog elsewhere. However, she managed to escape and return to him. Hitler, who adored the loyalty and obedience of the dog, thereafter developed a great liking for the breed. Hitler kept
1270:
and 12.7 years for purebreds; a 2022 UK study using veterinary records found a life expectancy of 10.16 years compared to 11.23 overall and 11.82 for crossbreeds; in Italy a 2024 study found a life expectancy of 10 years, the same as the overall but less than the 11 year average for crossbreeds; a
1217:
Popularity increased again after Sieger
Pfeffer von Bern became the 1937 and 1938 Grand Victor in American Kennel club dog shows, only to have another decline at the conclusion of World War II, due to anti-German sentiment. Popularity increased gradually until 1993, when they became the third most
400:
In 1899, von Stephanitz was attending a dog show when he was shown a dog named Hektor
Linksrhein. Hektor was the product of few generations of selective breeding and completely fulfilled what von Stephanitz believed a working dog should be. He was pleased with the strength of the dog and
388:
was formed in 1891 with the intention of creating standardised development plans for native dog breeds in Germany. The society disbanded after only three years due to ongoing internal conflicts regarding the traits in dogs that the society should promote; some members believed dogs should be bred
4094:
Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo;
1503:
was produced in 1975, which was loosely based on the actual dog's story, setting the events more than a decade after the real Kántor died. It became one of the staple productions of Hungarian television history, making German Shepherds the most popular dog breed in the country ever since. The
381:
recognised that the breed had the necessary skills for herding sheep, such as intelligence, speed, strength and keen senses of smell. The results were dogs that were able to do such things, but that differed significantly, both in appearance and ability, from one locality to another.
638:
varieties. The all-black and sable varieties are acceptable according to most standards; however, the blue and liver are considered to be serious faults and the all-white is grounds for instant disqualification from showing in conformation at All Breed and Specialty Shows.
769:
While an Australian report from 1999 provides statistics showing that German Shepherds are the breed third most likely to attack a person in some Australian locales, once their popularity is taken into account, the percentages of attacks by German Shepherds drops to 38th.
1308:
are debilitating conditions that are often associated with genetic makeup, malnutrition, and stress-related events. Some breeds like the German Shepherd, are predisposed to a variety of different skeletal disorders, including but not limited to: canine hip dysplasia,
1031:
detection and mine detection dog, among others. They are suited for these lines of work because of their keen sense of smell and their ability to work regardless of distractions. At one time the German Shepherd was the breed chosen almost exclusively to be used as a
498:. The reputation of the German Shepherds as a dangerous breed had grown to such an extent that it was briefly banned to import them in Australia in 1929. Potential legislation was even considered to require that all German shepherds in South Australia be sterilised.
815:'s original ideology that German Shepherds should be bred primarily as working dogs and that breeding should be strictly controlled to eliminate defects quickly. He believed that, above all else, German Shepherds should be bred for intelligence and working ability.
838:
The Kennel Club's position is that "this issue of soundness is not a simple difference of opinion, it is the fundamental issue of the breed's essential conformation and movement." The Kennel Club has decided to retrain judges to penalise dogs with these problems.
826:, in the United Kingdom, is involved in a dispute with German Shepherd breed clubs about the issue of soundness in the show strain of the breed. Some show strains have been bred with an extremely roached topline (back) that causes poor gait in the hind legs.
622:
and UK Kennel Clubs while it can compete with standard-coated dogs, but is considered a fault, in the American Kennel Club. The FCI accepted the long-haired type in 2010, listing it as the variety b, while the short-haired type is listed as the variety a.
980:) is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in Switzerland. It descends from the American White Shepherds; the first stud dog of what was to become the breed was an American dog born in 1966 and imported to Switzerland. The variety was recognised by the
1204:
accepted registrations in 1919, 54 German Shepherds were registered. By 1926 this number had grown to over 8000. The breed gained international recognition after the end of World War I. Returning soldiers spoke highly of the breed and animal actors
1213:
popularised the breed further. The first German Shepherd Dog registered in the United States was Queen of Switzerland. Her offspring had defects as the result of poor breeding, which caused the breed to decline in popularity during the late 1920s.
1218:
popular breed in the United States. As of 2016, the German Shepherd is the second most popular breed in the US. It is typically among the most frequently registered breeds in other countries. It was the third-most registered breed by the
588:
is 60–65 cm (24–26 in) for males, and 55–60 cm (22–24 in) for females. German Shepherds can reach sprinting speeds of up to 30 miles per hour. Shepherds are longer than they are tall, with an ideal proportion of 10 to
392:
With the rise of large, industrialised cities in Germany, the predator population began to decline, rendering sheepdogs unnecessary. At the same time, the awareness of sheepdogs as a versatile, intelligent class of canine began to rise.
1117:
746:
of their family and territory, especially if not socialised correctly. They are not inclined to become immediate friends with strangers. German Shepherds are highly intelligent and obedient, as well as protective of their owners.
877:
with the purpose of creating a larger, more cold-resistant version of the German Shepherd. It lacks the physical deformities bred into western show lines of German Shepherds and has become one of Russia's most popular dog types.
1358:
disorder in the German Shepherd dog for a long time. The condition causes growth retardation. The puppy coat is retained into adulthood and guard hairs fail to fully develop outside of the distal extremities. Eventually full
1265:
Multiple studies have found the life expectancy of the German Shepherd to be lower than that of the overall life expectancy found in the study: a 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 11.3 years, compared to 12 years for
1271:
2005 study in Sweden based on insurance data found 51% of German Shepherd dogs died by the age of 10, lower than the overall rate of 10 year survival at 35%. A 2015 French study found a life expectancy of 10.08 years.
389:
solely for working purposes, while others believed dogs should be bred also for appearance. While unsuccessful in their goal, the Phylax Society had inspired people to pursue standardising dog breeds independently.
3910:
Steffen, F.; Hunold, K.; Scharf, G.; Roos, M.; Flückiger, M. (2007). "A follow-up study of neurologic and radiographic findings in working German Shepherd Dogs with and without degenerative lumbosacral stenosis".
4581:
Witsberger, Tige H.; Villamil, J. Armando; Schultz, Loren G.; Hahn, Allen W.; Cook, James L. (15 June 2008). "Prevalence of and risk factors for hip dysplasia and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs".
4659:
Voorbij, Annemarie M. W. Y.; van Steenbeek, Frank G.; Vos-Loohuis, Manon; Martens, Ellen E. C. P.; Hanson-Nilsson, Jeanette M.; van Oost, Bernard A.; Kooistra, Hans S.; Leegwater, Peter A. (23 November 2011).
439:
During the first half of the twentieth century, the breed came to be strongly identified with Imperial and Nazi Germany, because of its association with purity and militarism. German Shepherds were coveted as
3274:
As Max von Stephanitz stated, 'A pleasing appearance is desirable, but it can not put the dog's working ability into question.' Max pounded the issue that the German Shepherd was a working breed first and
4783:
No. 92 (July 1955) Once Superman had a dog, Batman got one too, in 'Ace, the Bat-Hound!' In the story by writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff, Batman and Robin found a German Shepherd called Ace.
4290:"A retrospective study of the prevalence of the canine degenerative myelopathy associated superoxide dismutase 1 mutation (SOD1:c.118G > A) in a referral population of German Shepherd dogs from the UK"
1370:
have been shown to be carriers of the mutation, explaining the spread and prevalence of the disorder. This condition has been observed in breeds that were crossed with German Shepherd dogs such as the
1008:
duty, and they are used to warn soldiers to the presence of enemies or of booby traps or other hazards. German Shepherds have also been trained by military groups to parachute from aircraft or as
3079:
Bailey, Chad M.; Hinchcliff, Katharine M.; Moore, Zachary; Pu, Lee L.Q. (November 2020). "Dog Bites in the United States from 1971 to 2018: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature".
494:
When the German Shepherd was introduced to the United States it was initially a popular dog. But as the dogs' popularity grew, it became associated as a dangerous breed owned by gangsters and
618:, and therefore the long-haired variety is rarer. Treatment of the long-haired variation differs across standards; it is accepted but does not compete against standard-coated dogs under the
409:(Society for German Shepherd Dogs). Horand was declared to be the first German Shepherd Dog, and was the first dog added to the society's breed register. In just a few decades of the
886:
The King Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the United States, its breeders hoping to rectify the physical deformities that have been bred into the original breed.
3515:
1456:
is the star of an Austrian Police procedural drama program of the same name, which won many awards, where German Shepherd Rex assists the Vienna Kriminalpolizei homicide unit.
1351:
766:
found that from 1971 to 2018, of all pure breed dogs in the United States, the German Shepherd was responsible for the most bites severe enough to require hospital treatment.
1968:(1999 – March 25, 2012), used by the United States Marine Corps in Iraq and later adopted by the family of a soldier who died in a rocket attack while serving as his handler
3158:
1077:
3751:
3640:
1404:
Untreated dogs usually live between 3-5 years. Dogs that undergo treatment can live healthily for several years but are still unlikely to have a normal life expectancy.
835:, which said that critics of the breed describe it as "half dog, half frog". An orthopaedic vet remarked on footage of dogs in a show ring that they were "not normal".
1052:
Kingdom trains some German Shepherds, while the comparable organisation in the US only trains Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers and crosses between these breeds.
424:
Horand became the center-point of the breeding programs and was bred with dogs belonging to other society members that displayed desirable traits and with dogs from
4456:"Skeletal morpohology and morphometry of the lumbosacral junction in German shepherd dogs and an evaluation of the possible genetic basis for radiographic findings"
520:, by von Stephanitz, translating to "German Shepherd Dog". At the time, all other herding dogs in Germany were referred to by this name; they thus became known as
1485:
3862:
1101:
1323:(CHD) is the abnormal formation of the hip joint and surrounding tissue causing instability and partial dislocation of the hip joint, resulting in pain,
4214:
3400:
5360:
1282:
gene. A small study in the UK showed 16% of young asymptomatic German Shepherds to be homozygous for the mutation, with a further 38% being carriers.
3692:
2118:
2101:
1738:(21 July 1942 – 18 October 1949), 12 January 1945 for rescuing people trapped under destroyed buildings in civil defence service in the London Blitz
4156:"Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995–2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death"
401:
was so taken by the animal's intelligence, loyalty, and beauty, that he purchased him immediately. After purchasing the dog he changed his name to
2818:
1474:
5264:
1149:
3000:
630:
and black body markings which can range from a classic "saddle" to an overall "blanket". Rarer colour variations include sable, pure-black,
4350:
2511:
1242:
Many common ailments of the German Shepherd are a result of the inbreeding practised early in the breed's life. One such common ailment is
2530:
1859:(died 2000), 14 January 2003 for service in April 1998 in apprehending a gunman and in crowd control during protection of refugees in the
5194:
2715:
1948:
1459:
415:'s establishment, the breed became one of the world's most popular and numerous, a position it has maintained to this day. By 1923, the
6179:
1339:
Two Karelian Bear Dogs at 10 months of age, left is an unaffected littermate and on the right is a bitch affected by pituitary dwarfism
981:
346:
259:
3575:
3345:
3290:
3964:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).
3122:
2025:– April 2009), Canadian police dog that discovered the last survivor of the 11 September 2001 attacks in New York City, United States
1258:
found that 45% of the police working dogs were affected by degenerative spinal stenosis, although a small sample size was used. The
1602:
1015:
The German Shepherd is one of the most widely used breeds in a wide variety of scent-work roles. These include search and rescue,
614:
which is close and dense with a thick undercoat. The coat is accepted in two variants: medium and long. The gene for long hair is
4977:
4950:
4923:
4896:
3169:
2902:
552:
Eventually, the appendage "wolf dog" was dropped, after numerous campaigns by breeders who were worried that becoming known as a
463:
at the end of the Second World War. Dogs played a role in Nazi propaganda by portraying Hitler as an animal lover. Preparing for
681:
5778:
5320:
2738:
1661:
4662:"A Contracted DNA Repeat in LHX3 Intron 5 Is Associated with Aberrant Splicing and Pituitary Dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs"
3648:
3610:
2770:
2659:
235:
5460:
5203:
5101:
5056:
4945:
4773:
4643:
4272:
4263:
Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.).
3799:
3735:
3624:
3593:
2606:
2400:
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1720:
1703:(1939–1953), 28 January 1949 for war service in North Africa and England and post-war assistance in an escape from communist
1641:(1941 – 29 April 1945), Hitler's pet on which he tested the cyanide capsules he later consumed to commit suicide, killing her
573:
406:
252:
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1676:
779:
3670:
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4397:"Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in German shepherd dogs"
2864:
2743:
1108:
762:
1527:(January 1, 1895 – after 1899), considered the first German Shepherd and the genetic basis for modern German Shepherds
545:
of the era. The breed was officially renamed by the UK Kennel Club to "Alsatian Wolf Dog", after the French region of
5818:
5310:
5254:
5222:
5182:
5158:
5139:
5120:
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5013:
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3815:
3067:
2540:
2149:
2128:
1290:
1259:
1179:
5353:
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1898:
Ellie and Jones (Shepherd mixes), 22 August 2013 for saving their owner who collapsed and lost consciousness due to
3946:
1846:
17:
4874:"Kántor: a leghíresebb magyar rendőrkutya története (Kántor: the history of the most famous Hungarian police dog)"
1071:" in Mexico. He is regarded to be the dog who has captured the most drugs in Mexican police and military history.
2417:
1895:
Anya, 6 July 2010 for service as a British police dog in defending an officer from a knife attack in January 2008
1544:(September 1918 – 10 August 1932), Rin Tin Tin Jr., and Rin Tin Tin III, featured in Hollywood films of 1922–1947
904:
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693:
565:
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42:
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2273:
542:
5374:
4029:
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O’Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022).
1382:. Pituitary dwarfism in other dog breeds (excluding those with German Shepherd ancestry) is extremely rare.
3253:
1798:
1755:
4634:
Feldman, Edward C.; Nelson, Richard W.; Reusch, Claudia; Scott-Moncrieff, J. Catharine (8 December 2014).
3704:
2098:
930:
Shepherds, calling their variety the White Shepherd. The variety is recognised as a separate breed by the
795:, of approximately 1,000 newtons (230 lbf), or a human, of approximately 380 newtons (86 lbf)).
783:, the bite of a German Shepherd has a force of over 1,060 newtons (238 lbf) (compared with that of a
240:
6028:
3051:
While the dog should be approachable and friendly, he does not make immediate friendships with strangers.
1860:
1826:
1790:
1741:
774:
1729:, 12 January 1945 for rescuing people trapped under destroyed buildings in civil defence service in the
1089:
541:, it was believed that the inclusion of the word "German" would harm the breed's popularity, due to the
5771:
5529:
5524:
5394:
1814:
1652:
1343:
1335:
729:, as they are able to quickly learn various tasks and interpret instructions better than other breeds.
717:
ranked the breed in second place. Coupled with their strength, this trait makes the breed desirable as
2634:
6174:
5913:
5539:
5519:
5453:
5415:
4454:
Ondreka, N.; Amort, K.H.; Stock, K.F.; Tellhelm, B.; Klumpp, S.W.; Kramer, M.; Schmidt, M.J. (2013).
2942:
The Intelligence of Dogs: A Guide to the Thoughts, Emotions, and Inner Lives of our Canine Companions
1920:
1794:
1767:, 2 March 1945 for locating air-raid casualties in thick smoke in a burning building in civil service
38:
5278:
1744:, April 1945 for locating casualties in thick smoke in burning buildings in civil service in England
1234:
6153:
5559:
5544:
4820:
3700:
2062:
1919:
Gage (died 13 July 2010), 22 August 2013 (posthumously) for service as a police dog in a suburb of
1908:(born March 2009), 6 May 2018 for service as a police dog in a knife attack on a police officer in
1363:
occurs. The degree of growth retardation and other clinical symptoms varies between affected dogs.
1305:
943:
484:
5903:
2793:
2719:
1983:
1366:
Investigations into the genealogy in 1978 found the mutation evolved in 1940 or earlier. Multiple
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6043:
5888:
5587:
5501:
5486:
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2573:
1996:
1962:
in the 1950s and early 1960s, later portrayed in fictionalized versions for novels and television
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1665:
1473:
in the 1950s and early 1960s. After his death his story was fictionalised by two crime novels by
1379:
1275:
527:
464:
311:
4495:
Hand, M.; Thatcher, C.; Remillard, R.; Roudebush, P. (2000). "Small animal clinical nutrition".
4358:
3320:
807:
A common breed club's goal for German Shepherd body conformity, criticised by the UK Kennel Club
6098:
1913:
1885:
1868:
1432:
1286:
1243:
860:
635:
5073:
5067:
4031:"Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom"
626:
Most commonly, German Shepherds are either tan/black or red/black. Most colour varieties have
6189:
5923:
5803:
5764:
1899:
1759:
1672:
1668:
1398:
1310:
1001:
831:
726:
657:
247:
4516:"Long-term genetic selection reduced prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in 60 dog breeds"
669:
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6053:
6038:
5908:
5873:
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4527:
4408:
4042:
3977:
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3616:
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1040:. When formal guide dog training began in Switzerland in the 1920s under the leadership of
76:
3133:
3001:"German Shepherd Dog and Puppy Training Tips from the German Shepherd Dog Club of America"
2839:
1953:
1464:
1449:, initially in 1955, through 1964. From 1964 onwards, his appearances have been sporadic.
8:
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5843:
5823:
5813:
5664:
5615:
4757:
1553:
1524:
1446:
1355:
1157:
1024:
1012:. They were used in World War II as messenger dogs, rescue dogs and personal guard dogs.
755:
421:
claimed 50,000 dues-paying members in more than 500 branches in Germany alone.
402:
365:
264:
4677:
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4412:
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3965:
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6018:
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2031:(died 2000s), used by Mexican military and police forces for detection of illegal drugs
1923:, defending an officer in an attack by a man with a rifle (in which the dog was killed)
1571:
1565:
1375:
1367:
931:
812:
792:
619:
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Ajax, 11 June 2013 for service in the civil guard that saved lives by detection of an
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2536:
2494:"The police dog situation: Ban on police dogs in Queens urged by magistrate Conway".
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2371:
2346:
2296:
2145:
2124:
1850:
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1371:
1297:. It is estimated that 1% of the UK population of German Shepherds has this disease.
1037:
476:
330:
5714:
5330:
4846:
4336:
4249:
4113:
4096:
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2940:
2748:
1148:
deal primarily with the United Kingdom and the United States and do not represent a
1016:
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4699:
4681:
4591:
4553:
4535:
4467:
4426:
4416:
4351:"Genetic welfare problems of companion animals – Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency"
4314:
4304:
4229:
4185:
4167:
4118:
4108:
4066:
4050:
4001:
3985:
3920:
3088:
3062:
Dogwise: The Natural way to Train your Dog (1992), John Fisher Souvenir Press Ltd.
2778:
2667:
2288:
1479:
1347:
An adult Karelian Bear Dog bitch with pituitary dwarfism displaying severe alopecia
1048:
973:
737:
710:
557:
part of the formal breed name of the American Kennel Club and was removed in 2010.
479:
stated in 2005 that Blondi's death had affected the people in the bunker more than
460:
4289:
873:
The East-European Shepherd is a variety of the German Shepherd bred in the former
865:
584:
German Shepherds are medium to large-sized dogs. The breed standard height at the
6138:
5978:
5968:
5694:
5684:
4686:
4540:
4421:
4095:
Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).
3869:
3092:
2196:
2105:
2050:
1878:
1842:
1831:
1785:– 2006), 5 March 2002 on behalf of all search and rescue dogs that served at the
1680:
1648:
1559:
1550:(7 September 1921 – after October 1928), featured in Hollywood films of 1923–1927
1547:
1247:
1223:
1201:
1028:
965:
957:
823:
811:
The modern German Shepherd breed is criticised by experts for straying away from
627:
553:
538:
338:
5918:
1412:
456:
6148:
6143:
5948:
5898:
5828:
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2162:
1982:, that helped rescue a 3-year-old girl who had spent 82 hours under ruins of a
1856:
1726:
1704:
1314:
1041:
1005:
916:
631:
615:
604:
385:
326:
5438:
5024:
4595:
4288:
Holder, A. L.; Price, J. A.; Adams, J. P.; Volk, H. A.; Catchpole, B. (2014).
3924:
984:
as a separate breed in 2003, and it is now recognised by a number of national
894:
433:
6168:
5998:
5938:
5893:
5863:
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5745:
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3997:
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2300:
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1747:
1626:
1619:
1593:
1453:
1009:
714:
506:
488:
446:", being close to the wolf, and became very fashionable during the Nazi era.
342:
5321:"FCI Standard No 166 Translated by German Shepherd Dog Council of Australia"
4267:(Sixth ed.). British Small Animal Veterinary Association. p. 131.
2872:
1697:
Awards in the original 1943–1949 series for service in the Second World War
1612:, sometimes identified as Rando, police dog later featured in the 1989 film
5933:
5883:
5798:
5756:
5689:
5554:
5491:
5403:
4713:
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4015:
3932:
3577:
Independent Vision: Dorothy Harrison Eustis and the Story of the Seeing Eye
3100:
2946:
2422:
1942:
that protected a security guard and the public by fighting with an escaped
1939:
1864:
1775:
1730:
1691:
1687:
1324:
1068:
874:
468:
447:
372:
280:
4731:
3819:
2345:. Foreword by Klaus P. Fischer. New York, NY & London, UK: Continuum.
1427:
became one of the earliest canine film stars, and was followed in 1922 by
1250:
which may cause the dog to experience pain later on in life and may cause
577:
6103:
5787:
5669:
5610:
5574:
5420:
5044:
4215:"Inbreeding impact on litter size and survival in selected canine breeds"
2978:
2274:"Breeding racism: The imperial battlefields of the 'German' shepherd dog"
2009:
2005:
2000:
1971:
1822:
1803:
1764:
1751:
1735:
1700:
1644:
1609:
1541:
1538:(1 October 1917 – 24 June 1929), featured in Hollywood films of 1921–1927
1535:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1210:
1206:
997:
985:
843:
495:
472:
318:
303:
4123:
3950:
1928:
Other military, police, search-and-rescue, and institutional guard dogs
1750:, 27 March 1945 for rescuing a drowning soldier in November 1944 in the
1624:
Rex, protagonist of the Austrian-Italian comedy-drama television series
6108:
5724:
5719:
5699:
5564:
3752:"Armas de Versace, rubíes y diamantes: el lujo de los narcos mexicanos"
1931:
1905:
1709:
1614:
1274:
The German Shepherd Dog is one of the breeds more commonly affected by
784:
718:
611:
334:
191:
4658:
4154:
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, å; Olson, P (30 September 2005).
3516:"How to choose the perfect dog to fit your lifestyle, family and home"
1423:
German Shepherds have been featured in a wide range of media. In 1921
948:
6023:
5853:
5833:
5674:
5605:
4213:
Leroy, G. G.; Phocas, F.; Hedan, B.; Verrier, E.; Rognon, X. (2015).
3863:"Top Twenty Breeds in Registration Order for the Years 2015 and 2016"
2163:
Registration figures worldwide – from top thirty to endangered breeds
2108:(in German). Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen. Accessed July 2020.
1992:
1965:
1935:
1909:
1656:
1575:
1505:
1251:
1033:
1020:
722:
534:
480:
429:
425:
357:
299:
3447:
3038:
1262:
found that 19.1% of German Shepherd are affected by hip dysplasia.
483:'s suicide. German Shepherds were also used widely as guard dogs at
6088:
6083:
5988:
5709:
5704:
5679:
5365:
4973:"Finn receives PDSA Gold Medal at PDSA's first ever music festival"
4514:
Oberbauer, A. M.; Keller, G. G.; Famula, T. R. (24 February 2017).
3966:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
3531:
3529:
1562:, grandson of Strongheart, featured in Hollywood films of 1934–1938
1509:
1360:
1294:
1192:
921:
788:
569:
471:
to test a cyanide capsule on Blondi, and the dog died as a result.
4633:
5625:
5597:
5470:
3261:
2028:
1979:
1975:
1959:
1889:
1470:
1267:
1060:
585:
122:
5245:
Training the Alsatian, the Obedient Companion or Working Partner
3526:
325:. It has since been used in many other types of work, including
6003:
5878:
5549:
5511:
3435:
2576:. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed January 2022.
2477:"German shepherds owned by bootleggers: Kill dog in dry raid".
2343:
Animals in the Third Reich: Pets, scapegoats, and the holocaust
2012:, suggested as a candidate replacement for Rin Tin Tin in films
1987:
1943:
1638:
1585:
1438:
1386:
1064:
546:
452:
349:
had the second-highest number of annual registrations in 2013.
5215:
The German Shepherd Dog: Its History, Development and Genetics
4494:
3719:
3423:
803:
533:
The direct translation of the name was adopted for use in the
475:, a nurse who worked at the emergency casualty station in the
5478:
5272:
German Shepherd Dog Council of Australia in conjunction with
4580:
4153:
4097:"Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy"
2015:
1508:
mount of Kántor's body is on display at the Police Museum in
1390:
322:
3963:
2917:
6033:
4373:
4093:
1825:
for explosives and insurgent detection until injured by an
1818:
1394:
1354:, also known as pituitary dwarfism has been known to be an
1279:
5198:. Revised by Schwabacher, Joseph. Hoflin Publishing Ltd.
4453:
3949:. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. 2009. Archived from
2512:"Ban on Police Dogs in Queens Urged by Magistrate Conway"
1888:
bomb near a guard barracks site on the Spanish island of
846:
and hip dysplasia, other common problems with the breed.
4028:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
1853:
in 1949–1952 (the only surviving dog of a four-dog team)
1841:), 6 February 2007 for anti-insurgency service with the
1285:
German Shepherds have a higher-than-normal incidence of
713:. In a list of breeds most likely to bark as watchdogs,
4212:
3909:
3498:
3496:
3285:
3283:
3078:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2120:
Neonatologie beim Hund: Von der Geburt bis zum Absetzen
1393:
genes are responsible for the defect a mutation in the
5094:
Dogs of the shepherds: a review of the pastoral breeds
4584:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
3913:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
3725:
1813:– 20 January 2018), 5 April 2016 for service with the
1568:, featured in Hollywood films and serials of 1938–1946
1515:
1056:
Herdengebrauchshund (HGH) herding utility dog trials.
201:
Tan with black saddle, sable, solid black or bi-colour
5392:
5169:
Strickland, Winifred Gibson; Moses, James A. (1998).
4513:
2307:
1556:(born 1924), featured in Hollywood films of 1924–1928
5265:"Extended Breed Standard of The German Shepherd Dog"
4738:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4287:
4041:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415.
3891:
3493:
3459:
3393:
3368:
3280:
2718:. United Schutzhund Clubs of America. Archived from
2574:
FCI breeds nomenclature: Deutscher Schäferhund (166)
2461:"Being the fashionable dog: Not mad, only natural",
2203:
1719:– October 1955), 29 March 1947 for service with the
1499:. A five-part thriller series for television titled
996:
German Shepherds are a popular selection for use as
306:
of medium to large size. The breed was developed by
3976:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531.
2319:
1063:, was dissected and his body put on display at the
5298:
5242:
5170:
5072:. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications. pp.
3376:"GSD Breed Council – Haemophilia 'A' Testing"
3346:"German Shepherd Dogs – Judges Training Programme"
2771:"Breed Standard for the White German Shepherd Dog"
2615:
709:German Shepherds were bred specifically for their
4638:. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders. pp. 44–49.
4618:
4526:(2). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0172918.
3726:Hartnagle-Taylor, Jeanne Joy; Taylor, Ty (2010).
3254:"GSD vs. WGSD – It's not a black or white issue!"
3159:"Council Reports of Dog Attacks in NSW 2011/2012"
2635:"German Shepherd – The Ultimate Service Dog"
2250:
1974:(1994–2006), earthquake search and rescue dog of
1600:Won Ton Ton, protagonist of the 1976 comedy film
787:, over 1,180–1,460 newtons (265–328 lbf), a
6166:
2418:"Hitler's nurse breaks 60 years of silence"
5468:
5168:
3535:
2775:White German Shepherd Dog Club of America, Inc.
1469:was a famous and very successful police dog in
903:hips. It has been recognised since 1990 by the
5356:—The original registrar of the German Shepherd
5191:
5096:. Ramsbury, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd.
4262:
3220:
3166:New South Wales Department of Local Government
3130:New South Wales Department of Local Government
2923:
2627:
2144:, second edition. London: Dorling Kindersley.
1995:(died December 1972), served in battle in the
1591:Joe, protagonist in the NBC television series
1222:in 2020, and seventh-most registered breed by
5772:
5454:
5008:. Edinburgh: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.
3647:. Guide Dogs of America. 2013. Archived from
2441:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 123.
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
1655:(born 17 January 2018), pets of US President
1146:The examples and perspective in this section
829:The issue was raised in the BBC documentary,
5786:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3673:. Guide Dogs for the Blind Association. 2013
3612:The Dog: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health
3291:"German Shepherd Dogs – The Soundness Issue"
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
1630:of 1994–2015, and remakes in other countries
1289:, a common inherited bleeding disorder, and
842:The Kennel Club also recommends testing for
521:
515:
441:
416:
410:
5195:The German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture
4756:
3788:Your Happy Healthy Pet: German Shepherd Dog
2817:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2794:"15 Of The Fastest Dog Breeds In The World"
2660:"Change of Name – German Shepherd Dog"
2595:Your Happy Healthy Pet: German Shepherd Dog
2563:. History of Agriculture. 20 November 2017.
1690:recipients (for military and civil defence
1397:gene is responsible for the condition. The
937:
23:
5779:
5765:
5461:
5447:
4355:Universities Federation for Animal Welfare
3407:. Breed Information Centre. Archived from
3321:"KC confirms position on German Shepherds"
2172:
2008:, performing and unofficial police dog in
1238:Portrait of a ten year old German Shepherd
1164:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
75:
24:
4762:DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle
4703:
4685:
4557:
4539:
4471:
4430:
4420:
4394:
4318:
4308:
4189:
4171:
4122:
4112:
4070:
4005:
3770:
3573:
3258:White German Shepherd Dog Club of America
2825:
2579:
2518:. 7 January 1925 – via NYTimes.com.
2271:
1419:, one of the earliest canine stars (1921)
1180:Learn how and when to remove this message
854:
5110:
5003:
4379:
3502:
1603:Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood
1411:
1342:
1334:
1233:
1191:
947:
920:
893:
864:
802:
749:
736:
564:
505:
371:
356:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
5148:
5091:
4760:; Dolan, Hannah, eds. (2010). "1950s".
3453:
3441:
3429:
3195:"Dog Bites: Information and Statistics"
3031:"Breed Standard — German Shepherd"
2733:
2731:
2729:
2528:
2415:
2390:
2313:
1521:The dog on which the breed was founded
1401:offers a genetic test for this defect.
1278:, which is caused by a mutation in the
991:
14:
6167:
5212:
5022:
4871:
4744:
3897:
3840:
3818:. American Kennel Club. Archived from
3785:
3072:
2592:
2436:
2365:
2325:
6059:Old German Herding Dogs (Altdeutsche)
5760:
5442:
5354:Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde e.V.
5043:
4728:"List of films with German Shepherds"
4390:
4388:
3843:"The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2020"
3645:An International Guiding Eyes Program
3465:
2935:
2929:
2865:"Rasse-Lexikon Deutscher Schäferhund"
2791:
2708:
2395:. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 952.
2370:. Viking-Penguin Books. p. 357.
2336:
2334:
2123:(in German). Hannover: Schlütersche.
2099:Deutscher Schäferhund (Langstockhaar)
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2061:
1892:in 2009 under dangerous circumstances
1721:13th (Lancashire) Parachute Battalion
1407:
1330:
1293:(EPI), a degenerative disease of the
982:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
455:, who was among several dogs in the '
451:several more of the breed, including
347:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
260:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
6064:Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai
5296:
5240:
5129:
5065:
4978:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
4951:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
4924:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
4897:People's Dispensary for Sick Animals
4265:BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing
3608:
3471:
2905:from the original on 6 November 2016
2840:"German Shepherd Dog Breed Standard"
2726:
2621:
2437:Jacobs, Benjamin (18 January 2001).
2267:
2265:
2256:
2244:
1677:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1671:while he was in office, which bit a
1664:, police dog later kept as a pet of
1132:
1083:German night-watchman with dog, 1950
405:and von Stephanitz founded the
3221:Brazil-Adelman, Mary Belle (2000).
2869:Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen
2690:"Can the German Shepherd Be Saved?"
2567:
2340:
2111:
1881:recipients (for non-military dogs)
1772:After revival of the medal in 2000
1647:(11 November 2008 – 19 June 2021),
1516:Notable individual German Shepherds
56:
5326:Australian National Kennel Council
5274:Australian National Kennel Council
5233:
4447:
4385:
3352:. 16 February 2010. Archived from
3251:
3081:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
2744:Australian National Kennel Council
2716:"USA German Shepherd Dog Standard"
2439:The Dentist of Auschwitz: A memoir
2331:
2303:– via AnimalsAndSociety.org.
2195:. 30 December 2007. Archived from
2155:
2085:
889:
791:, 1,050 newtons (235 lbf), a
763:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
510:Sable bitch (left) and dog (right)
57:
6201:
6180:Dog breeds originating in Germany
5819:Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog
5347:
5329:. 20 August 2013 . Archived from
5132:Training Your German Shepherd Dog
5115:. San Diego: Simon and Schuster.
3816:"AKC Dog Registration Statistics"
3693:"Guide Dog Breeding and Whelping"
3481:. American Rare Breed Association
3297:. 8 February 2010. Archived from
2666:. 19 October 2010. Archived from
2529:Kaleski, Robert (29 March 2011).
2262:
2134:
1291:exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
1260:Orthopedic Foundation for Animals
910:
384:To combat these differences, the
364:, the founder of the breed (with
5426:
5414:
5402:
5277:. 26 March 2012 . Archived from
4965:
4938:
4911:
4297:Canine Genetics and Epidemiology
3224:The German Shepherd Dog Handbook
2777:, September 1997, archived from
2044:
1847:Malayan National Liberation Army
1532:In film, television and fiction
1300:
1137:
1116:
1100:
1088:
1076:
881:
692:
680:
668:
656:
644:
418:Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde
412:Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde
407:Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde
4996:
4884:
4872:László, Enikő (8 August 2020).
4865:
4839:
4813:
4796:"Ace the Bat-Hound appearances"
4788:
4750:
4720:
4652:
4636:Canine and Feline Endocrinology
4574:
4507:
4488:
4343:
4281:
4256:
4206:
4147:
4114:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155
4087:
4022:
3957:
3939:
3903:
3855:
3834:
3808:
3744:
3685:
3663:
3633:
3602:
3567:
3549:"It's a dog's life in the Army"
3541:
3508:
3338:
3313:
3245:
3214:
3187:
3151:
3115:
3056:
3023:
2993:
2963:
2887:
2857:
2785:
2763:
2747:. 23 March 1991. Archived from
2682:
2652:
2549:
2522:
2504:
2487:
2470:
2455:
2430:
2409:
2384:
2359:
1226:in the United Kingdom in 2016.
905:American Rare Breed Association
798:
704:
610:German Shepherds have a double
312:traditional German herding dogs
4101:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
2792:Staff, HK9 (31 January 2021).
2272:Skabelund, Aaron (June 2008).
2117:Axel Wehrend (editor) (2014).
1107:Rescue dog at the site of the
1004:(MWD) are usually trained for
956:The White Swiss Shepherd Dog (
818:
732:
560:
294:, also known in Britain as an
13:
1:
4160:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
3841:Reisen, Jan (16 March 2021).
3641:"Breeds and Matching Process"
3536:Strickland & Moses (1998)
3456:, pp. 14, 140 & 222.
2532:Australian Barkers and Biters
2073:
2019:
1835:
1817:of 2006–2012 in two tours in
1807:
1779:
1713:
1651:(born 1 September 2021), and
1574:, fictional superhero in the
1059:One Mexican German Shepherd,
970:Weisser Schweizer Schäferhund
537:; however, at the end of the
182:22–32 kg (49–71 lb)
170:30–40 kg (66–88 lb)
157:55–60 cm (22–24 in)
145:60–65 cm (24–26 in)
5192:von Stephanitz, Max (1994).
4687:10.1371/journal.pone.0027940
4541:10.1371/journal.pone.0172918
4422:10.1371/journal.pone.0096618
4395:Fels, L.; Distl, O. (2014).
3401:"German Shepherd Dog Health"
3123:"Reported Dog Attack Survey"
3093:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007253
2416:Harding, Luke (2 May 2005).
2078:
2063:[ˈdɔʏtʃɐˈʃɛːfɐˌhʊnt]
1799:New York City, United States
1756:Battle of Walcheren Causeway
1352:Congenital hyposomatotropism
1123:Military dog during training
1109:collapsed World Trade Center
760:A 2020 literature review in
741:A human infant with two dogs
574:Museum of Veterinary Anatomy
317:It was originally bred as a
59:German breed of shepherd dog
7:
6029:Miniature American Shepherd
5213:Willis, Malcolm B. (1976).
5134:. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's.
5051:. New York: DK Publishing.
5049:The Encyclopedia of the Dog
3229:Barron's Educational Series
2975:White Paws: German Shepherd
2871:(in German). Archived from
2142:The Complete Dog Breed Book
1861:Royal Army Veterinary Corps
1254:. A study conducted by the
1160:, discuss the issue on the
849:
775:National Geographic Channel
634:, liver, silver, blue, and
341:. It is commonly kept as a
10:
6206:
5530:German Shorthaired Pointer
5525:German Roughhaired Pointer
5029:. Houghton Mifflin Books.
5006:Companion Animal Nutrition
4473:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.015
4234:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.008
4055:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6
3990:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
3947:"Hip Dysplasia Statistics"
3574:Ascarelli, Miriam (2010).
2140:Kim Dennis-Bryan (2020 ).
1815:United States Marine Corps
1635:Pets of political figures
1128:
941:
914:
858:
753:
467:, Hitler ordered Dr.
352:
5914:Carea Castellano Manchego
5794:
5738:
5657:
5624:
5596:
5573:
5540:German Wirehaired Pointer
5520:German Longhaired Pointer
5510:
5477:
5173:The German Shepherd Today
5149:Stevens, Katrina (2002).
5111:Pickeral, Tamsin (2014).
5066:Kern, Francis G. (1990).
5004:Ackerman, Nicola (2008).
4851:Police Museum of Budapest
4596:10.2460/javma.232.12.1818
3925:10.2460/javma.231.10.1529
2557:"Alsatian Dogs Bill 1934"
2545:– via Google Books.
2368:Berlin: The Downfall 1945
2054:
1921:Christchurch, New Zealand
1795:11 September 2001 attacks
1588:in DC Comics 1955–present
1431:. Both have stars on the
1306:Musculoskeletal disorders
1229:
1095:Swedish police dogs, 2007
1047:Currently, Labradors and
699:Long-haired black-and-tan
651:Saddle black-and-tan coat
501:
417:
411:
274:
263:
258:
251:
246:
239:
234:
229:
225:
216:
213:
208:
205:
200:
197:
190:
187:
175:
162:
150:
137:
132:
128:
118:
86:
74:
69:
6154:White Swiss Shepherd Dog
5788:Herding and droving dogs
5297:Hart, Ernest H. (1985).
5026:Planet Dog: A Doglopedia
4946:"PDSA Gold Medal – Dogs"
4173:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121
3701:Guide Dogs for the Blind
3444:, pp. 14 & 140.
2798:Highland Canine Training
2293:10.1163/156853008X357676
2037:
1793:in the aftermath of the
1679:in 1933 while living at
1606:, a spoof of Rin Tin Tin
1452:A German Shepherd named
1385:Unlike humans where the
952:White Swiss Shepherd Dog
944:White Swiss Shepherd Dog
938:White Swiss Shepherd Dog
523:Altdeutsche Schäferhunde
485:Nazi concentration camps
110:Altdeutsche Schäferhunde
39:latest accepted revision
6074:Polish Lowland Sheepdog
6044:New Zealand Heading Dog
5889:Cane Lupino del Gigante
5588:Old German herding dogs
5502:Westphalian Dachsbracke
5487:Bavarian Mountain Hound
5305:. New Jersey: T. F. H.
5301:The German Shepherd Dog
5151:The German Shepherd Dog
5092:Hancock, David (2014).
5023:Choron, Sandra (2005).
4107:. Elsevier BV: 106155.
3730:. Alpine Publications.
3609:Case, Linda P. (2013).
3586:Purdue University Press
3582:West Lafayette, Indiana
3432:, pp. 14 & 28.
3035:New Zealand Kennel Club
2899:Vonziü German Shepherds
2366:Beevor, Antony (2002).
2066:("German Shepherd Dog")
1997:United States Air Force
1787:World Trade Center site
1758:, an engagement of the
1666:United States president
1584:, fictional partner of
1380:Czechoslovakian Wolfdog
1276:degenerative myelopathy
978:Pastore Svizzero Bianco
528:old German herding dogs
345:, and according to the
6099:Sardinian Shepherd Dog
5153:. Willow Creek Press.
4460:The Veterinary Journal
4310:10.1186/2052-6687-1-10
4222:The Veterinary Journal
3703:. 2011. Archived from
3553:The New Zealand Herald
3168:. 2013. Archived from
3132:. 1999. Archived from
2189:"History of the breed"
1914:Hertfordshire, England
1869:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1497:Kántor in the Big City
1433:Hollywood Walk of Fame
1420:
1348:
1340:
1287:Von Willebrand disease
1239:
1197:
977:
969:
961:
953:
926:
899:
870:
869:East-European Shepherd
861:East-European Shepherd
855:East-European Shepherd
808:
742:
727:search and rescue dogs
581:
522:
516:
511:
442:
377:
376:Illustration from 1909
369:
5924:Catahoula Leopard Dog
5904:Cão da Serra de Aires
5804:Australian Cattle Dog
5361:"German Shepherd Dog"
5177:. Howell Book House.
4497:Mark Morris Institute
3617:John Wiley & Sons
3380:Gsdbreedcouncil.co.uk
2924:von Stephanitz (1994)
2739:"FCI Standard No 166"
2391:Kershaw, Ian (2008).
2059:German pronunciation:
2055:Deutscher Schäferhund
1760:Battle of the Scheldt
1673:United States senator
1669:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1578:universe 1952–present
1415:
1399:University of Utrecht
1346:
1338:
1311:Cauda equina syndrome
1237:
1196:A nine-week-old puppy
1195:
1002:military working dogs
951:
924:
897:
868:
832:Pedigree Dogs Exposed
806:
754:Further information:
750:Aggression and biting
740:
568:
543:anti-German sentiment
517:Deutscher Schäferhund
509:
375:
360:
327:disability assistance
248:The Royal Kennel Club
230:Kennel club standards
105:Deutscher Schäferhund
6069:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
6054:Old English Sheepdog
6039:Nenets Herding Laika
5909:Cardigan Welsh Corgi
5874:Bouvier des Flandres
5869:Bouvier des Ardennes
5469:Dogs originating in
4734:on 16 February 2015.
3848:American Kennel Club
3786:Palika, Liz (2008).
2844:American Kennel Club
2593:Palika, Liz (2008).
2193:German Shepherds.com
2104:26 June 2020 at the
1321:Canine hip dysplasia
1256:University of Zurich
1220:American Kennel Club
1158:improve this section
1025:explosives detection
992:Use as a working dog
780:Dangerous Encounters
663:Black mask and sable
514:The breed was named
6079:Portuguese Sheepdog
5844:Bergamasco Shepherd
5824:Basque Shepherd Dog
5814:Australian Shepherd
5665:American Eskimo Dog
5616:Miniature Schnauzer
5560:Small Münsterländer
5545:Large Münsterländer
5333:on 15 February 2014
5284:on 21 February 2014
5241:Cree, John (1977).
4892:"PDSA Dickin Medal"
4678:2011PLoSO...627940V
4532:2017PLoSO..1272918O
4413:2014PLoSO...996618F
4382:, pp. 135–139.
4047:2022NatSR..12.6415T
3982:2024NatSR..14..531M
3879:on 10 December 2019
3209:National Geographic
2751:on 15 February 2014
2393:Hitler: A biography
2341:Sax, Boria (2000).
2281:Society and Animals
1916:, on 5 October 2016
1525:Horand von Grafrath
1486:Kántor Investigates
1356:autosomal recessive
962:Berger Blanc Suisse
756:Dog bite prevention
549:bordering Germany.
443:germanische Urhunde
403:Horand von Grafrath
366:Horand von Grafrath
95:German Shepherd Dog
29:Page version status
6019:Magellan sheep dog
5994:Icelandic Sheepdog
5730:Standard Schnauzer
5644:Miniature Pinscher
5380:on 23 January 2018
5130:Rice, Dan (1999).
4766:Dorling Kindersley
4035:Scientific Reports
3970:Scientific Reports
3411:on 7 November 2017
3356:on 19 October 2011
3264:on 10 January 2014
2670:on 27 October 2010
2535:. Read Books Ltd.
2516:The New York Times
2497:The New York Times
2480:The New York Times
2464:The New York Times
1572:Rex the Wonder Dog
1566:Ace the Wonder Dog
1447:Batman comic books
1421:
1408:In popular culture
1376:Saarloos Wolfhound
1349:
1341:
1331:Pituitary dwarfism
1240:
1198:
954:
932:United Kennel Club
927:
900:
871:
813:Max von Stephanitz
809:
793:Labrador Retriever
743:
582:
512:
395:Max von Stephanitz
378:
370:
362:Max von Stephanitz
308:Max von Stephanitz
35:
6162:
6161:
6124:Spanish Water Dog
6114:Shetland Sheepdog
6094:Pyrenean Sheepdog
6009:Lancashire Heeler
5974:Garafian Shepherd
5969:Galician Palleiro
5944:Croatian Sheepdog
5859:Bohemian Shepherd
5809:Australian Kelpie
5754:
5753:
5217:. K and R Books.
5205:978-99932-80-05-7
5103:978-1-84797-808-0
5058:978-0-7566-6004-8
4919:"PDSA Gold Medal"
4827:. 17 October 2017
4775:978-0-7566-6742-9
4645:978-1-4557-4456-5
4590:(12): 1818–1824.
4274:978-1-910-44339-2
3919:(10): 1529–1533.
3801:978-0-470-19231-3
3737:978-1-57779-106-5
3626:978-1-118-70120-1
3595:978-1-55753-563-4
3197:. 26 January 2008
2981:on 29 August 2008
2971:"About the Breed"
2875:on 25 August 2009
2696:. 28 October 2011
2608:978-0-470-19231-3
2402:978-0-393-06757-6
2377:978-0-670-03041-5
2352:978-0-8264-1289-8
2247:, pp. 11–21.
1851:Malayan Emergency
1688:PDSA Dickin Medal
1582:Ace the Bat-Hound
1443:Ace the Bat-Hound
1372:Karelian Bear dog
1190:
1189:
1182:
1049:Golden Retrievers
1038:visually impaired
1017:cadaver searching
1010:anti-tank weapons
773:According to the
477:Reich Chancellery
331:search-and-rescue
288:
287:
270:
269:
221:
220:
101:Alsatian Wolf Dog
47:24 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
6197:
6175:German shepherds
6134:Swedish Vallhund
6129:Swedish Lapphund
6049:Norwegian Buhund
6014:Lapponian Herder
5964:Finnish Lapphund
5959:Faroese Sheepdog
5954:English Shepherd
5929:Catalan Sheepdog
5839:Belgian Shepherd
5781:
5774:
5767:
5758:
5757:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5440:
5439:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5419:
5418:
5407:
5406:
5398:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5379:
5373:. Archived from
5342:
5340:
5338:
5316:
5304:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5269:
5260:
5248:
5228:
5209:
5188:
5176:
5164:
5145:
5126:
5107:
5087:
5069:German Shepherds
5062:
5040:
5019:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4915:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4730:. Archived from
4724:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4689:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4631:
4616:
4615:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4543:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4475:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4424:
4392:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4361:on 24 March 2014
4357:. Archived from
4347:
4341:
4340:
4322:
4312:
4294:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4219:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4193:
4175:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4126:
4116:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4009:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3953:on 10 June 2009.
3943:
3937:
3936:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3872:. Archived from
3867:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3783:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3758:. 8 January 2010
3748:
3742:
3741:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3707:on 14 April 2014
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3545:
3539:
3538:, p. 17–28.
3533:
3524:
3523:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3479:"Group 1 Breeds"
3475:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3260:. Archived from
3249:
3243:
3242:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3175:on 19 March 2018
3174:
3163:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3127:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3087:(5): 1166–1176.
3076:
3070:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3037:. Archived from
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3007:. Archived from
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2977:. Archived from
2967:
2961:
2960:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2836:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2735:
2724:
2723:
2722:on 10 June 2008.
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2590:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2468:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2338:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2201:
2200:
2185:
2170:
2159:
2153:
2138:
2132:
2115:
2109:
2096:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2024:
2021:
1958:, police dog in
1957:
1902:in November 2010
1840:
1837:
1812:
1809:
1784:
1781:
1718:
1715:
1712:, a.k.a. Brian (
1494:
1483:
1468:
1445:appeared in the
1185:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1120:
1104:
1092:
1080:
777:television show
696:
684:
672:
660:
648:
602:
601:
597:
594:
525:
519:
461:Battle of Berlin
445:
420:
419:
414:
413:
283:
277:
227:
226:
217:10 years or more
206:Litter size
130:
129:
89:
79:
67:
66:
21:
18:German Shepherds
6205:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6139:Tibetan Terrier
5984:German Shepherd
5979:Gaucho sheepdog
5939:Collie (Smooth)
5790:
5785:
5755:
5750:
5734:
5695:Giant Schnauzer
5685:German Pinscher
5653:
5620:
5592:
5583:German Shepherd
5569:
5506:
5473:
5467:
5437:
5427:
5425:
5413:
5401:
5393:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5359:
5350:
5345:
5336:
5334:
5319:
5313:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5236:
5234:Further reading
5231:
5225:
5206:
5185:
5161:
5142:
5123:
5104:
5084:
5059:
5037:
5016:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4981:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4956:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4902:
4900:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4880:(in Hungarian).
4870:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4830:
4828:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4804:
4802:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4776:
4755:
4751:
4743:
4739:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4632:
4619:
4579:
4575:
4512:
4508:
4493:
4489:
4452:
4448:
4393:
4386:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4261:
4257:
4217:
4211:
4207:
4152:
4148:
4092:
4088:
4027:
4023:
3962:
3958:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3908:
3904:
3896:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3870:The Kennel Club
3865:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3784:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3756:Eleconomista.es
3750:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3534:
3527:
3522:. 8 March 2020.
3514:
3513:
3509:
3503:Pickeral (2014)
3501:
3494:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3452:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3405:The Kennel Club
3399:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3350:The Kennel Club
3344:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3295:The Kennel Club
3289:
3288:
3281:
3267:
3265:
3252:Harder, Aimee.
3250:
3246:
3239:
3219:
3215:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3077:
3073:
3061:
3057:
3044:
3042:
3041:on 20 July 2008
3029:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3011:on 3 March 2018
2999:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2949:. p. 134.
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2838:
2837:
2826:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2790:
2786:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2737:
2736:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2664:The Kennel Club
2658:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2591:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2435:
2431:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2204:
2199:on 1 June 2008.
2187:
2186:
2173:
2160:
2156:
2139:
2135:
2116:
2112:
2106:Wayback Machine
2097:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2022:
1984:1999 earthquake
1951:
1879:PDSA Gold Medal
1843:Royal Air Force
1838:
1810:
1782:
1716:
1681:the White House
1548:Thunder the Dog
1518:
1488:
1477:
1462:
1410:
1333:
1303:
1248:elbow dysplasia
1232:
1224:The Kennel Club
1186:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1155:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1084:
1081:
994:
946:
940:
919:
913:
898:Shiloh Shepherd
892:
890:Shiloh Shepherd
884:
863:
857:
852:
824:The Kennel Club
821:
801:
758:
752:
735:
707:
700:
697:
688:
685:
676:
673:
664:
661:
652:
649:
599:
595:
592:
590:
563:
554:wolf-dog hybrid
539:First World War
504:
355:
292:German Shepherd
279:
275:
183:
171:
158:
146:
114:
87:
82:
70:German Shepherd
65:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6203:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6149:White Shepherd
6146:
6144:Welsh Sheepdog
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5949:Dutch Shepherd
5946:
5941:
5936:
5934:Collie (Rough)
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5899:Cane Toccatore
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5829:Bearded Collie
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5784:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5761:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5715:Kromfohrländer
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5639:Biewer Terrier
5636:
5630:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5602:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5535:German Spaniel
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5466:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5443:
5436:
5435:
5423:
5411:
5391:
5390:
5357:
5349:
5348:External links
5346:
5344:
5343:
5317:
5311:
5294:
5261:
5255:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5223:
5210:
5204:
5189:
5183:
5166:
5159:
5146:
5140:
5127:
5121:
5113:Dogs unleashed
5108:
5102:
5089:
5082:
5063:
5057:
5041:
5035:
5020:
5014:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4964:
4937:
4910:
4883:
4864:
4853:(in Hungarian)
4838:
4821:"TV dog stars"
4812:
4787:
4774:
4768:. p. 77.
4749:
4737:
4719:
4672:(11): e27940.
4651:
4644:
4617:
4573:
4506:
4487:
4446:
4384:
4372:
4342:
4280:
4273:
4255:
4205:
4166:(3): 121–136.
4146:
4086:
4021:
3956:
3938:
3902:
3890:
3854:
3833:
3822:on 11 May 2012
3807:
3800:
3794:. p. 25.
3769:
3743:
3736:
3728:Stockdog Savvy
3718:
3684:
3662:
3651:on 8 July 2010
3632:
3625:
3601:
3594:
3566:
3555:. 22 July 2008
3540:
3525:
3507:
3492:
3470:
3468:, p. 387.
3458:
3454:Hancock (2014)
3446:
3442:Hancock (2014)
3434:
3430:Hancock (2014)
3422:
3392:
3367:
3337:
3312:
3279:
3244:
3237:
3213:
3186:
3150:
3139:on 21 May 2009
3114:
3071:
3055:
3022:
2992:
2962:
2955:
2937:Coren, Stanley
2928:
2916:
2886:
2856:
2824:
2784:
2762:
2725:
2707:
2681:
2651:
2639:German Culture
2626:
2614:
2607:
2601:. p. 22.
2578:
2566:
2548:
2541:
2521:
2503:
2500:. 7 July 1924.
2486:
2469:
2454:
2447:
2429:
2408:
2401:
2383:
2376:
2358:
2351:
2330:
2318:
2314:Stevens (2002)
2306:
2261:
2249:
2202:
2171:
2167:FCI Newsletter
2154:
2133:
2110:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2013:
2003:
1990:
1969:
1963:
1946:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1903:
1900:diabetic shock
1896:
1893:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1854:
1829:
1801:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1724:
1707:
1705:Czechoslovakia
1685:
1684:
1683:
1659:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1517:
1514:
1409:
1406:
1332:
1329:
1315:osteoarthritis
1302:
1299:
1231:
1228:
1188:
1187:
1152:of the subject
1150:worldwide view
1145:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1042:Dorothy Eustis
993:
990:
942:Main article:
939:
936:
925:White Shepherd
917:White Shepherd
915:Main article:
912:
911:White Shepherd
909:
891:
888:
883:
880:
859:Main article:
856:
853:
851:
848:
820:
817:
800:
797:
751:
748:
734:
731:
706:
703:
702:
701:
698:
691:
689:
686:
679:
677:
674:
667:
665:
662:
655:
653:
650:
643:
562:
559:
503:
500:
386:Phylax Society
354:
351:
321:, for herding
310:using various
298:, is a German
286:
285:
272:
271:
268:
267:
262:
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
238:
232:
231:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:Life span
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
181:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
142:
139:
135:
134:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
113:
112:
107:
102:
99:
96:
92:
90:
84:
83:
80:
72:
71:
63:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6202:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5999:King Shepherd
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5894:Cane di Oropa
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5864:Border Collie
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5849:Berger Picard
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5782:
5777:
5775:
5770:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5759:
5747:
5746:Bullenbeisser
5744:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:Affenpinscher
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5497:Hanover Hound
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5464:
5459:
5457:
5452:
5450:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5434:
5424:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5376:
5372:
5371:Animal Planet
5368:
5367:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5312:0-86622-031-3
5308:
5303:
5302:
5295:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5256:0-7207-0993-8
5252:
5247:
5246:
5239:
5238:
5226:
5224:0-903264-15-3
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5190:
5186:
5184:0-87605-154-9
5180:
5175:
5174:
5167:
5162:
5160:1-57223-512-8
5156:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5141:0-7641-0852-2
5137:
5133:
5128:
5124:
5122:9781626862739
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5083:0-86622-865-9
5079:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5021:
5017:
5015:9780750688987
5011:
5007:
5002:
5001:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4879:
4875:
4868:
4852:
4848:
4842:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4747:, p. 40.
4746:
4745:Choron (2005)
4741:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4655:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4510:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4483:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4389:
4381:
4380:Ackerman 2008
4376:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3900:, p. 31.
3899:
3898:Willis (1976)
3894:
3875:
3871:
3864:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3803:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3672:
3666:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3628:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3480:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3301:on 1 May 2011
3300:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3276:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3210:
3196:
3190:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3154:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3069:
3068:0-285-63114-4
3065:
3059:
3052:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2926:, p. 12.
2925:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2820:
2814:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2781:on 1 May 2013
2780:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2624:, p. 12.
2623:
2618:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2561:pir.sa.gov.au
2558:
2552:
2544:
2542:9781446549018
2538:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2483:. 5 May 1927.
2482:
2481:
2473:
2467:, 7 July 1924
2466:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:Willis (1976)
2322:
2316:, p. 11.
2315:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2266:
2259:, p. 11.
2258:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2158:
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2150:9780241412732
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2129:9783842685178
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1748:Rifleman Khan
1746:
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1628:
1627:Inspector Rex
1623:
1621:
1620:James Belushi
1617:
1616:
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1594:Run, Joe, Run
1590:
1587:
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1555:
1554:Silver Streak
1552:
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1454:Inspector Rex
1450:
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1326:
1322:
1318:
1316:
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1307:
1301:Musculosketal
1298:
1296:
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1288:
1283:
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1277:
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1257:
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882:King Shepherd
879:
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715:Stanley Coren
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497:
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490:
489:the Holocaust
486:
482:
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470:
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458:
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368:), circa 1900
367:
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350:
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343:companion dog
340:
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6190:Herding dogs
5983:
5919:Carea Leonés
5884:Can de Chira
5690:German Spitz
5582:
5575:Herding dogs
5555:Pudelpointer
5492:German Hound
5382:. Retrieved
5375:the original
5364:
5335:. Retrieved
5331:the original
5324:
5300:
5286:. Retrieved
5279:the original
5271:
5244:
5214:
5193:
5172:
5150:
5131:
5112:
5093:
5068:
5048:
5045:Fogle, Bruce
5025:
5005:
4997:Bibliography
4982:. Retrieved
4976:
4967:
4955:. Retrieved
4949:
4940:
4928:. Retrieved
4922:
4913:
4901:. Retrieved
4895:
4886:
4878:Az Én Kutyám
4877:
4867:
4855:. Retrieved
4850:
4841:
4829:. Retrieved
4824:
4815:
4805:15 September
4803:. Retrieved
4799:
4790:
4780:
4779:
4761:
4758:Irvine, Alex
4752:
4740:
4732:the original
4722:
4669:
4665:
4654:
4635:
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4583:
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4509:
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4466:(1): 64–70.
4463:
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4400:
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4363:. Retrieved
4359:the original
4354:
4345:
4300:
4296:
4283:
4264:
4258:
4228:(1): 74–78.
4225:
4221:
4208:
4163:
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4149:
4124:11585/961937
4104:
4100:
4089:
4038:
4034:
4024:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3951:the original
3941:
3916:
3912:
3905:
3893:
3881:. Retrieved
3874:the original
3857:
3846:
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:the original
3810:
3787:
3760:. Retrieved
3755:
3746:
3727:
3721:
3709:. Retrieved
3705:the original
3697:Dog Programs
3696:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3671:"Our breeds"
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:the original
3644:
3635:
3611:
3604:
3576:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3552:
3543:
3520:Country Life
3519:
3510:
3483:. Retrieved
3473:
3466:Fogle (2009)
3461:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3413:. Retrieved
3409:the original
3404:
3395:
3383:. Retrieved
3379:
3370:
3358:. Retrieved
3354:the original
3349:
3340:
3330:11 September
3328:. Retrieved
3324:
3315:
3303:. Retrieved
3299:the original
3294:
3273:
3266:. Retrieved
3262:the original
3257:
3247:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3199:. Retrieved
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3170:the original
3165:
3153:
3141:. Retrieved
3134:the original
3129:
3117:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3058:
3050:
3043:. Retrieved
3039:the original
3034:
3025:
3013:. Retrieved
3009:the original
3004:
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2979:the original
2974:
2965:
2947:Bantam Books
2941:
2931:
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2898:
2889:
2877:. Retrieved
2873:the original
2868:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:
2801:. Retrieved
2797:
2787:
2779:the original
2774:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2749:the original
2742:
2720:the original
2710:
2698:. Retrieved
2693:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2668:the original
2663:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2638:
2629:
2617:
2594:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2531:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2495:
2489:
2478:
2472:
2462:
2457:
2438:
2432:
2423:The Guardian
2421:
2411:
2392:
2386:
2367:
2361:
2342:
2328:, p. 5.
2321:
2309:
2284:
2280:
2252:
2197:the original
2192:
2166:
2157:
2141:
2136:
2119:
2113:
2046:
1940:Belgrade Zoo
1865:British Army
1845:against the
1731:London Blitz
1723:paratroopers
1692:service dogs
1625:
1613:
1601:
1597:in 1974–1975
1592:
1500:
1496:
1458:
1451:
1437:
1422:
1403:
1384:
1365:
1350:
1325:inflammation
1319:
1304:
1284:
1273:
1264:
1241:
1216:
1199:
1176:
1170:October 2019
1167:
1147:
1069:Narco Museum
1058:
1054:
1046:
1014:
998:working dogs
995:
986:kennel clubs
955:
928:
901:
885:
875:Soviet Union
872:
841:
837:
830:
828:
822:
810:
799:Modern breed
778:
772:
768:
761:
759:
744:
711:intelligence
708:
705:Intelligence
625:
609:
583:
551:
532:
513:
493:
469:Werner Haase
457:Führerbunker
448:Adolf Hitler
438:
423:
399:
391:
383:
379:
316:
295:
291:
289:
281:domestic dog
109:
104:
61:
46:
37:This is the
31:
6104:Schapendoes
5611:Jagdterrier
5337:10 February
5288:10 February
4984:12 February
4957:12 February
4930:12 February
4903:12 February
4831:20 February
3325:Our Dogs-UK
3201:31 December
3179:23 February
3143:18 November
2755:24 February
2622:Rice (1999)
2257:Rice (1999)
2245:Kern (1990)
2023: 1994
2010:New Zealand
2001:Vietnam War
1999:during the
1952: [
1839: 1950
1823:Afghanistan
1821:and one in
1811: 2003
1783: 1992
1752:Netherlands
1717: 1943
1542:Rin Tin Tin
1536:Strongheart
1489: [
1478: [
1463: [
1429:Rin Tin Tin
1425:Strongheart
1417:Strongheart
1268:crossbreeds
1211:Strongheart
1207:Rin Tin Tin
1023:detection,
844:haemophilia
819:Controversy
733:Temperament
675:Solid black
628:black masks
561:Description
496:bootleggers
473:Erna Flegel
465:his suicide
434:Württemberg
335:police work
319:herding dog
314:from 1899.
304:working dog
192:Double coat
88:Other names
6185:FCI breeds
6169:Categories
6119:Smithfield
6109:Schipperke
5725:Rottweiler
5720:Leonberger
5700:Great Dane
5649:Pomeranian
5598:Earth dogs
5565:Weimaraner
5384:22 January
5249:. Pelham.
5036:0618517529
4800:Comics.org
4503:: 542–543.
4407:(5): 1–8.
3883:22 January
3762:22 January
3415:29 October
3385:29 October
3238:0764113321
2956:0553374524
2895:"GSD Info"
2674:22 October
2448:0813190126
2287:(4): 355.
2074:References
1378:, and the
1029:accelerant
785:Rottweiler
687:Bi-colour
632:pure-white
81:Adult male
6024:McNab dog
5854:Blue Lacy
5834:Beauceron
5675:Dobermann
5606:Dachshund
4857:19 August
4696:1932-6203
4604:0003-1488
4550:1932-6203
4182:1751-0147
4133:0167-5877
4063:2045-2322
3998:2045-2322
3559:11 August
3275:foremost.
3109:225080998
3005:gsdca.org
2700:21 August
2301:1063-1119
2079:Citations
1993:Nemo A534
1936:guard dog
1910:Stevenage
1834:(service
1657:Joe Biden
1649:Commander
1576:DC Comics
1560:Lightning
1506:taxidermy
1484:, titled
1368:champions
1252:arthritis
1202:UK Kennel
1200:When the
1162:talk page
1034:guide dog
1021:narcotics
616:recessive
578:São Paulo
535:stud-book
481:Eva Braun
430:Franconia
426:Thuringia
64:Dog breed
5989:Huntaway
5710:Keeshond
5705:Hovawart
5680:Eurasier
5626:Toy dogs
5366:Dogs 101
5047:(2009).
4847:"Kántor"
4825:DogsLife
4714:22132174
4666:PLOS ONE
4612:18598150
4568:28234985
4520:PLOS ONE
4482:22921082
4441:24802516
4401:PLOS ONE
4365:20 March
4337:10326107
4329:26401327
4250:27631883
4242:25475165
4200:16261925
4141:38394961
4081:35484374
4016:38302530
4007:10834484
3933:18020994
3677:21 March
3485:14 March
3360:2 August
3305:2 August
3207:Cites a
3101:33136964
2939:(1995).
2903:Archived
2813:cite web
2803:10 March
2694:ABC News
2161:(2013).
2102:Archived
1934:, 1980s
1871:conflict
1791:Pentagon
1789:and the
1675:and the
1510:Budapest
1361:alopecia
1295:pancreas
1156:You may
1036:for the
850:Variants
789:Pit bull
580:, Brazil
570:Skeleton
296:Alsatian
265:standard
253:standard
241:standard
98:Alsatian
43:reviewed
5739:Extinct
5512:Gundogs
5471:Germany
5433:Germany
5409:Animals
5395:Portals
5378:(Video)
4705:3223203
4674:Bibcode
4559:5325577
4528:Bibcode
4432:4011879
4409:Bibcode
4320:4579386
4191:1624818
4072:9050668
4043:Bibcode
3978:Bibcode
3826:15 July
3711:21 July
3655:21 July
3268:20 July
3045:19 July
3015:2 March
2985:15 July
2879:15 July
2849:15 July
2644:15 July
2029:Zuyaqui
1980:Hungary
1976:Miskolc
1960:Hungary
1938:at the
1890:Majorca
1867:in the
1863:of the
1849:in the
1754:in the
1471:Hungary
1441:'s dog
1129:Numbers
1061:Zuyaqui
974:Italian
598:⁄
586:withers
572:in the
487:during
353:History
339:warfare
178:Females
153:Females
123:Germany
6004:Koolie
5879:Briard
5799:Armant
5658:Others
5550:Poodle
5479:Hounds
5309:
5253:
5221:
5202:
5181:
5157:
5138:
5119:
5100:
5080:
5055:
5033:
5012:
4781:Batman
4772:
4712:
4702:
4694:
4642:
4610:
4602:
4566:
4556:
4548:
4480:
4439:
4429:
4335:
4327:
4317:
4303:: 10.
4271:
4248:
4240:
4198:
4188:
4180:
4139:
4131:
4079:
4069:
4061:
4014:
4004:
3996:
3931:
3798:
3734:
3623:
3592:
3235:
3211:study.
3107:
3099:
3066:
2953:
2909:6 July
2605:
2539:
2445:
2399:
2374:
2349:
2299:
2148:
2127:
2051:German
1988:Turkey
1949:Kántor
1944:jaguar
1776:Apollo
1639:Blondi
1586:Batman
1501:Kántor
1460:Kántor
1439:Batman
1387:POU1F1
1313:, and
1230:Health
1111:, 2001
1065:Sedena
966:German
958:French
719:police
620:German
547:Alsace
502:Naming
453:Blondi
432:, and
337:, and
209:6 to 8
198:Colour
163:Weight
138:Height
133:Traits
119:Origin
5670:Boxer
5282:(PDF)
5268:(PDF)
5074:11–21
4333:S2CID
4293:(PDF)
4246:S2CID
4218:(PDF)
3877:(PDF)
3866:(PDF)
3792:Wiley
3173:(PDF)
3162:(PDF)
3137:(PDF)
3126:(PDF)
3105:S2CID
2599:Wiley
2277:(PDF)
2038:Notes
2016:Trakr
2006:Rajah
1972:Mancs
1956:]
1832:Lucky
1804:Lucca
1765:Thorn
1701:Antis
1662:Major
1653:Major
1645:Champ
1618:with
1610:Koton
1493:]
1482:]
1467:]
1391:PROP1
1006:scout
723:guard
636:panda
526:, or
323:sheep
300:breed
166:Males
141:Males
6089:Pumi
6084:Puli
6034:Mudi
5421:Dogs
5386:2018
5339:2014
5307:ISBN
5290:2014
5251:ISBN
5219:ISBN
5200:ISBN
5179:ISBN
5155:ISBN
5136:ISBN
5117:ISBN
5098:ISBN
5078:ISBN
5053:ISBN
5031:ISBN
5010:ISBN
4986:2022
4959:2022
4932:2022
4905:2022
4859:2021
4833:2018
4807:2014
4770:ISBN
4710:PMID
4692:ISSN
4640:ISBN
4608:PMID
4600:ISSN
4564:PMID
4546:ISSN
4478:PMID
4437:PMID
4367:2014
4325:PMID
4269:ISBN
4238:PMID
4196:PMID
4178:ISSN
4137:PMID
4129:ISSN
4077:PMID
4059:ISSN
4012:PMID
3994:ISSN
3929:PMID
3885:2018
3828:2008
3796:ISBN
3764:2018
3732:ISBN
3713:2013
3679:2013
3657:2013
3621:ISBN
3590:ISBN
3561:2008
3487:2020
3417:2017
3387:2017
3362:2011
3332:2015
3307:2011
3270:2008
3233:ISBN
3203:2012
3181:2017
3145:2008
3097:PMID
3064:ISBN
3047:2008
3017:2018
2987:2008
2951:ISBN
2911:2017
2881:2008
2851:2008
2819:link
2805:2023
2757:2013
2702:2018
2676:2010
2646:2008
2603:ISBN
2537:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2347:ISBN
2297:ISSN
2146:ISBN
2125:ISBN
1932:Gabi
1906:Finn
1819:Iraq
1727:Irma
1710:Bing
1495:and
1395:LHX3
1389:and
1280:SOD1
1246:and
1209:and
1067:'s "
725:and
612:coat
605:hock
290:The
188:Coat
4700:PMC
4682:doi
4592:doi
4588:232
4554:PMC
4536:doi
4468:doi
4464:196
4427:PMC
4417:doi
4315:PMC
4305:doi
4230:doi
4226:203
4186:PMC
4168:doi
4119:hdl
4109:doi
4105:225
4067:PMC
4051:doi
4002:PMC
3986:doi
3921:doi
3917:231
3089:doi
3085:146
2289:doi
2169:15.
1986:in
1966:Lex
1886:ETA
1857:Sam
1827:IED
1797:in
1742:Rex
1736:Jet
1615:K-9
1244:hip
576:of
302:of
276:Dog
236:VDH
45:on
6171::
5369:.
5363:.
5323:.
5270:.
5076:.
4975:.
4948:.
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