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in southern Africa. It is thought they developed in tandem with the spread of savannahs which resulted in an increase in tall grasses which are easily flammable during the long dry season associated with the savannah climate. Some well-known examples of geoxyles are the sand apple
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and subsequently diverging within the last two million years. In contrast to their close relatives, these plants have developed in areas with both high rainfall and a high frequency of fires. They are sometimes known as
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is a plant in which an enlarged, woody structure occurs beneath the surface of the ground. Such plants have developed independently in various plant lineages, mostly evolving in the
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Their occurrence is influenced by environmental disturbances and climate seasonality, while soil fertility impacts functional types and their diversity.
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Structure and composition of woody belowground biomass of geoxyle in grasslands and open woodlands in south-central Angola
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Maurin, O.; Davies, T.J.; Burrows, J.E.; Daru, B.H.; Yessoufou, K.; Muasya, A.M.; van der Bank, M.; Bond, W.J. (2014).
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from which emerge aerial shoots which may be ephemeral. These growth forms are found in
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Pausas, JG; Lamont, BB; Paula, S; Appezzato-da-Glória, B; Fidelis, A (2018).
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156:"Savanna fire and the origins of the 'underground forests' of Africa"
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259:"The remarkable congruence of New and Old World savanna origins"
208:"Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems"
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257:Pennington, R. Toby; Hughes, Colin E. (2014).
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345:Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb
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322:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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36:The geoxylic growth forms of woody
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40:is characterised by massive
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92:Elephantorrhiza elephantina
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347:- Department of Biology.
80:Ancylobothrys petersiana
337:Čorkalo, Marko (2023).
59:), the plough-breaker (
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68:Combretum platypetalum
44:or underground woody
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122:Pachystigma venosum
31:underground forests
343:(Thesis). Zagreb:
104:Eugenia albanensis
86:Diospyros galpinii
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276:10.1111/nph.12996
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176:10.1111/nph.12936
116:Maytenus nemorosa
62:Erythrina zeyheri
56:Parinari capensis
27:underground trees
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375:Plant life-forms
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301:. Archived from
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128:Salacia kraussii
110:Eugenia capensis
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307:. Retrieved
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42:lignotubers
359:Categories
309:2015-04-27
269:(1): 4–6.
185:2263/49453
138:References
50:savannahs
38:subshrubs
365:Geoxyles
318:cite web
285:25154641
244:29334401
193:25039765
22:Pliocene
18:geoxyle
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159:(PDF)
324:link
281:PMID
240:PMID
189:PMID
125:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.