262:, inspired to create clothing for her children to wear in ceremonial dances. When she began working with ribbons in the early 1950s, Robinson realized only three Osage artisans Harriet Chadlin, Martha Gray, and Josephine Jack still knew how to produce the work. In an effort to preserve the tradition, Robinson began researching patterns and techniques by studying old photographs and garments at the Osage Museum. Though she knew how to sew, having had training at the St. Louis Boarding School, Robinson had to learn how to work with ribbons through trial and error. She began collecting tribal dresses from a wide variety of tribes including Apache, Delaware, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Gros Ventre, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Pawnee and Seminole, among others. Perfecting her art, she and her sisters filed for a trademark, "Ribbonwork, A Specialty" and began taking custom orders for garments, typically worn for social events or on ceremonial occasions.
292:, where it was noted to be "most unusual for a woman to preside". She had become one of the "most influential Indian women in the country", by 1970. In 1971, she served as president of the Oklahoma Federation of Indian Women and was involved in many issues concerning civil rights for Native Americans, including job opportunities, discrimination and education. As both of her sisters had died by 1972, Robinson devoted more time to the store, until she closed it in February 1979. After its closure, she began teaching ribbonwork techniques and exhibiting her work throughout the country appearing at such venues as the
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195:, Oklahoma to Jennie (He-kin-to-op-pe) and Clarence Gray. She was the youngest of five living sisters, Mary, Anna, Genevieve and Emma Louise and had two younger brothers Andrew and Clarence Jr. Her mother died in 1923 at the time that her youngest brother was born. Gray attended the public school in Pawhuska Indian Village until the 8th grade and then attended the
285:. In 1967, she instituted an annual style show, for the Indian Trail Festival hosted by the Indian Women's Club of Bartlesville, Oklahoma. The show included not only modeling of garments, but narration of the techniques and materials used to make the item and the symbolism of the motifs incorporated in the design.
273:. By 1960, she was acting as recording secretary for NCAI and then in 1966, she became the first woman elected as vice president of the organization. Robinson participated in numerous lobbying commissions and conferences, such as the 1967 conference to improve education for indigenous children hosted by the
340:
In 2016, in honor of the thirty-fourth anniversary of the
National Heritage Fellowship, the National Endowment for the Arts commissioned a new fellows' medal. The ribbon for the medal was designed using Robinson's motifs of traditional Osage ribbonwork design and was created by Lisa Powell,
336:
was released. By 1992, the Indian Trail
Festival Fashion Show she had initiated included designs by artists from twenty-two different tribes and all monies earned went towards scholarship funds for Native American youth.
345:, who had also been a recipient of an NEA Fellowship. The new medal was first presented to recipients in 2016, replacing the previous certificates issued. Robinson has works in the permanent collections of the
265:
In 1958, Robinson, along with her sisters
Genevieve Tomey and Louise Red Corn, opened the Redman Store in Pawhuska to sell their ribbon appliqué work. Around the same time, she became active in the
258:, where she also coached the girls' basketball team. The couple subsequently had two children, Janelle and Keith and in her spare time, she began doing craftwork, focusing on traditional Osage
222:
as the nuns who had operated her boarding school and Gray was the first full-blooded Native
American girl to attend the school. After one year, she returned home to Oklahoma and enrolled in
332:. The Oklahoma Federation of Indian Women gives an annual Humanitarian Award, named in her honor. In 1990, a documentary film, accompanied by a book for use by teachers of the same name,
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in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She also conducted demonstrations for the
Smithsonian on three separate occasions. In 1982, she was one of the inaugural recipients of the
1221:
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277:. The conference brought together Native American leaders and anthropologists, psychologists and sociologists from 13 universities, and officials from the U.S.
1255:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections. Doris Duke Collection, Volume 048, Tape T-270-1, Document 326. Archived from
1475:. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 1, 1933. pp. 101–102. NARA microfilm publication M595, roll 326, lines 1177–1180
1281:
297:
246:
In 1937, Gray married Frank C. Robinson, a fellow teacher, who was not of Native heritage. After their marriage, Robinson took three summer courses at the
1455:. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. July 31, 1927. p. 550. NARA microfilm publication M595, roll 323, lines 731–737
1421:. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. June 30, 1924. p. 184. NARA microfilm publication M595, roll 322, lines 659–665
1401:. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. June 30, 1918. p. 573. NARA microfilm publication M595, roll 320, lines 597–603
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to educate Osage girls. Her father died when she was fifteen and her sister
Genevieve took care of her and her younger brothers.
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Other references give her date of birth as
November 13; however, official Osage documents consistently give October 13.
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1223:
Osage Ribbon Work and the
Expression of Osage Nationalism: Re-Imagining Approaches to Material Culture and Nationhood
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Robinson's granddaughter. The medal, which is suspended from the ribbon, was designed by
Carlton Simmons, nephew of
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Robinson made headlines in 1968, when she served as acting president of NCAI for the 25th Annual
Convention in
191:
Georgianna Gray, whose native name Wah-kah-sah means My Deer Is Running Pairs, was born on October 13, 1917 in
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Ribbons of the Osage: The Art and Life of Georgeann Robinson—a Teachers' Resource Guide
362:
316:, in recognition for her work to preserve the needlework crafts of the Osage heritage.
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1429:. There is a typed that Jennie (#551 on the previous roll) died on July 23, 1923
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and in the late 1960s, was the executive vice president of the organization.
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to preserve the cultural heritage of her people. She was honored as a 1982
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144:
1274:"Creating a New Tradition to Honor the NEA National Heritage Fellows"
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160:
324:
Robinson died on September 4, 1985, while attending a craft show in
1326:
Swearingen, Scott; Swearingen, Sheila; Robinson, Georgeann (1990).
1002:
192:
1145:
Creating an Osage Future: Art, Resistance, and Self-Representation
1359:"Records of the National Congress of American Indians, 1933–1990"
623:
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617:
615:
1596:. Washington, D. C.: Documentary Arts, Inc. 2018. Archived from
506:
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405:
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1247:
Red Corn, Katherine; Kerr, Nona (transcriber) (May 16, 1968).
870:
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1192:
National Collegiate Honors Society for Anthropology: 12–22.
846:
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334:
Ribbons of the Osage: The Art and Life of Georgeann Robinson
254:. She became a teacher of history and physical education at
238:, where she completed her education with a teaching degree.
458:
443:
426:
411:
1647:"Indian Women Plan Meet at Arrowhead Saturday, November 6"
1612:
672:
651:
533:
470:
1530:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. September 6, 1985. p. 119
1028:. Vol. 43, no. 9. Okmulgee, Oklahoma. p. 2
518:
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732:
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714:
660:
602:
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106:
teacher, Native American activist, businesswoman, artist
1704:"NEA National Heritage Fellowships: Georgeann Robinson"
1622:. Farmington, New Mexico. November 20, 1960. p. 60
633:
1282:
Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
852:
801:
776:
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711:
593:
581:
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557:
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199:, a girls academy operated south of Pawhuska by the
1520:
993:Congdon, Kristin G.; Hallmark, Kara Kelley (2012).
819:
684:
494:
179:. As an activist, from 1958, she was active in the
143:teacher and businesswoman, who used her skill with
1740:. Fairbanks, Alaska. November 14, 1970. p. 10
1645:
1590:"Georgeann Robinson Nov. 13, 1917 – Sept. 4, 1985"
1077:"NCAI Supports Indian Causes in Washington (pt 1)"
771:
762:
155:and has works in the permanent collections of the
1497:. Altoona, Pennsylvania. May 29, 1967. p. 18
1338:. Book accompanies documentary film of same name.
828:
1803:
1655:. Eufaula, Oklahoma. November 4, 1971. p. 1
1588:
1226:(master's degree). Chapel Hill, North Carolina:
889:"Tahlequah Indian Congress Opens Amid NSC Probe"
420:
1553:
1330:. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Full Circle Communications.
1171:"Finding Our Way: Osage Ribbonwork and Revival"
992:
792:
627:
139:, October 13, 1917 – September 4, 1985) was an
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1022:"Native Women's Group Names Honorees for 2013"
702:
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937:Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation
512:
476:
464:
452:
437:
1489:"Better Schools for Indians to Be Discussed"
1469:"1933 Indian Census, Osage Agency, Oklahoma"
1449:"1927 Indian Census, Osage Agency, Oklahoma"
1415:"1924 Indian Census, Osage Agency, Oklahoma"
1395:"1918 Indian Census, Osage Agency, Oklahoma"
1304:John Joseph Mathews: Life of an Osage Writer
1246:
923:"Indian Designers Brighten Holiday Fashions"
539:
527:
488:
361:and in the Southern Plains Indian Museum in
224:Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College
44:Georgeann Robinson, ribbonwork demonstration
1228:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1150:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1614:"Indian Culture Asset for Rise of Peoples"
1074:
1040:
1001:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California:
847:Swearingen, Swearingen & Robinson 1990
678:
666:
38:
328:. Her funeral was held on September 9 in
306:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian
269:(NCAI), attending the 1958 Convention in
1690:. 2011. Accession Number 2011.154.125a–d
1356:
639:
275:Society for the Study of Social Problems
999:American Folk Art: A Regional Reference
958:
920:
720:
606:
1837:University of Northern Colorado alumni
1804:
1686:. Manhattan, New York City, New York:
1367:National Museum of the American Indian
1300:
1271:
1219:
1168:
1141:
1041:Nieberding, Velma (December 4, 1966).
858:
807:
780:
587:
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563:
551:
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1555:"Folk artists set for honors in July"
897:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 54
886:
690:
267:National Congress of American Indians
210:High School, Gray transferred to the
181:National Congress of American Indians
1877:National Heritage Fellowship winners
1847:20th-century Native American artists
1832:Northeastern State University alumni
1148:(PhD). Chapel Hill, North Carolina:
1108:Nieberding, Velma (March 23, 1964).
1075:Nieberding, Velma (March 23, 1964).
1019:
834:
406:National Endowment for the Arts 1982
1857:20th-century American women artists
1765:"Woman to preside at NCAI sessions"
959:Carlson, Carole (October 4, 1992).
871:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2011
319:
13:
1882:20th-century Native American women
1272:Shiele, Cheryl (January 4, 2017).
201:Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions
14:
1898:
1867:Native American women in politics
961:"Native American clothes on show"
887:Allen, Robert B. (May 10, 1969).
218:. The school was run by the same
1792:
1755:
1680:"Man's Suit: Georgeann Robinson"
1670:
1637:
1580:
1545:
1512:
1357:Williams, Elliot (August 2012).
1133:
1100:
1066:
984:
921:Boulton, Joye R. (Winter 1979).
912:
355:Museum of International Folk Art
165:Museum of International Folk Art
1842:Native American textile artists
1777:. September 24, 1968. p. 2
1712:National Endowment for the Arts
969:. Anderson, Indiana. p. 48
879:
310:National Endowment for the Arts
248:State Normal School of Colorado
153:National Endowment for the Arts
1822:People from Pawhuska, Oklahoma
935:(1). Oklahoma City, Oklahoma:
749:The Fairbanks Daily News-Miner
375:
294:Buffalo Bill Historical Center
232:Northeastern Teacher's College
1:
1887:Textile artists from Oklahoma
1852:20th-century American artists
1278:Smithsonian Folklife Festival
1051:. Miami, Oklahoma. p. 10
388:
186:
173:Southern Plains Indian Museum
122:Osage ribbonwork preservation
1594:mastersoftraditionalarts.org
1309:University of Oklahoma Press
1118:. Miami, Oklahoma. p. 3
1085:. Miami, Oklahoma. p. 1
393:
149:National Heritage Fellowship
7:
1020:Fife, Gary (May 15, 2013).
628:Congdon & Hallmark 2012
31:
10:
1903:
1737:Fairbanks Daily News-Miner
1688:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1619:The Farmington Daily Times
1565:. June 1, 1982. p. 20
1561:. Franklin, Pennsylvania.
1439:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1348:: CS1 maint: postscript (
653:The Farmington Daily Times
347:Metropolitan Museum of Art
157:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1862:Native American activists
314:National Heritage Fellows
241:
197:St. Louis Boarding School
118:
110:
102:
94:
75:
49:
37:
30:
23:
16:Osage activist and artist
1732:"Trying to Bridge a Gap"
1301:Snyder, Michael (2017).
1253:digital.libraries.ou.edu
1186:Wichita State University
734:The Daily Sitka Sentinel
540:Red Corn & Kerr 1968
528:Red Corn & Kerr 1968
489:Red Corn & Kerr 1968
368:
279:Bureau of Indian Affairs
216:Webster Groves, Missouri
1372:Smithsonian Institution
283:Department of Education
98:Georgeann Gray Robinson
1714:. 1982. Archived from
1522:"Deaths: Bartlesville"
330:Bartlesville, Oklahoma
296:in Cody, Wyoming; the
206:After graduating from
1872:Women textile artists
1710:. Washington, D. C.:
1280:. Washington, D. C.:
1249:"Robinson, Georgeann"
1220:Powell, Jami (2014).
1169:Powell, Jami (2009).
1142:Powell, Jami (2018).
1115:The Miami News-Record
1082:The Miami News-Record
1048:The Miami News-Record
421:Documentary Arts 2018
1787:Newspaperarchive.com
1770:Daily Sitka Sentinel
1750:Newspaperarchive.com
1665:Newspaperarchive.com
1632:Newspaperarchive.com
1575:Newspaperarchive.com
1507:Newspaperarchive.com
1307:. Norman, Oklahoma:
1178:Lambda Alpha Journal
1128:Newspaperarchive.com
1095:Newspaperarchive.com
1061:Newspaperarchive.com
1043:"Moccasin Telegraph"
1026:Muscogee Nation News
1005:. pp. 533–534.
995:"Georgeann Robinson"
979:Newspaperarchive.com
359:Santa Fe, New Mexico
228:Stillwater, Oklahoma
169:Santa Fe, New Mexico
1527:The Daily Oklahoman
1370:. Washington D.C.:
1184:. Wichita, Kansas:
966:The Herald Bulletin
894:The Daily Oklahoman
821:The Daily Oklahoman
515:, pp. 101–102.
1652:The Indian Journal
1600:on August 19, 2018
1381:on August 20, 2018
1259:on August 20, 2018
1234:on August 19, 2018
1156:on August 20, 2018
764:The Indian Journal
513:Indian Census 1933
477:Indian Census 1927
465:Indian Census 1933
453:Indian Census 1924
438:Indian Census 1918
363:Anadarko, Oklahoma
256:Coweta High School
177:Anadarko, Oklahoma
129:Georgeann Robinson
68:Pawhuska, Oklahoma
25:Georgeann Robinson
1773:. Sitka, Alaska.
1318:978-0-8061-5883-9
1207:on August 8, 2017
1012:978-0-313-34937-9
298:Folklife Festival
271:Missoula, Montana
151:recipient by the
126:
125:
111:Years active
79:September 4, 1985
1894:
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1775:Associated Press
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1374:. Archived from
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1288:on June 30, 2018
1284:. Archived from
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1230:. Archived from
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95:Other names
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64:October 17, 1917
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1559:The News-Herald
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1110:"Indian (pt 2)"
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290:Omaha, Nebraska
244:
212:Loretto College
189:
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87:Tipton, Indiana
84:
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71:
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54:Georgianna Gray
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851:
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800:
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704:Altoona Mirror
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1827:Osage people
1785:– via
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1768:
1748:– via
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1735:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:the original
1707:
1692:. Retrieved
1683:
1663:– via
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1598:the original
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1222:
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1202:the original
1190:Lambda Alpha
1181:
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1154:the original
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892:
880:Bibliography
866:
854:
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837:, p. 2.
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788:
768:, p. 1.
763:
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81:(1985-09-04)
18:
1817:1985 deaths
1812:1917 births
1473:Archive.org
1453:Archive.org
1419:Archive.org
1399:Archive.org
859:Powell 2018
808:Powell 2018
781:Shiele 2017
588:Powell 2014
576:Powell 2009
564:Powell 2014
552:Powell 2009
501:Snyder 2017
302:Smithsonian
171:and in the
137:Wah-kah-sah
32:Wah-kah-sah
1806:Categories
1781:August 20,
1744:August 20,
1722:August 19,
1694:August 20,
1684:Met Museum
1659:August 20,
1626:August 20,
1604:August 19,
1569:August 20,
1534:August 20,
1501:August 20,
1479:August 19,
1459:August 19,
1425:August 19,
1405:August 19,
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1292:August 20,
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1122:August 20,
1089:August 20,
1055:August 20,
1032:August 20,
973:August 20,
950:August 20,
901:August 20,
691:Allen 1969
389:References
304:, and the
260:ribbonwork
187:Early life
145:ribbonwork
60:1917-10-17
1344:cite book
1198:0047-3928
945:0030-1892
939:: 31–35.
835:Fife 2013
394:Citations
351:Manhattan
236:Tahlequah
208:Nelagoney
161:Manhattan
114:1937–1985
1708:Arts.gov
1435:cite web
1336:29856399
1003:ABC-CLIO
193:Pawhuska
300:of the
252:Greeley
1334:
1315:
1196:
1009:
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353:, the
242:Career
89:, U.S.
70:, U.S.
1379:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1205:(PDF)
1174:(PDF)
369:Notes
220:order
141:Osage
133:Osage
1783:2018
1746:2018
1724:2018
1696:2018
1661:2018
1628:2018
1606:2018
1571:2018
1536:2018
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1481:2018
1461:2018
1441:link
1427:2018
1407:2018
1387:2018
1350:link
1332:OCLC
1313:ISBN
1294:2018
1265:2018
1240:2018
1213:2018
1194:ISSN
1188:for
1162:2018
1124:2018
1106:and
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1057:2018
1034:2018
1007:ISBN
975:2018
952:2018
941:ISSN
903:2018
823:1985
796:1982
766:1971
751:1970
736:1968
706:1967
655:1960
281:and
76:Died
50:Born
357:of
349:in
250:in
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167:of
159:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
