Knowledge

New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary

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65: 85: 31: 50: 3621: 97: 3628: 2514: 4090: 73: 2528: 246: 3092:, USACE, Nov. 2004: "Partial Anchorage Channel: Starts approximately 3,990 Ft. seaward of Red Gas #2; Ends approximately 1,660 Ft. landward of Red Light & Bell #21. Authorized project: Width: 2000 ft, Length: 2.34 nmiles, Depth 45 ft.... Shoaling exists and begins approximately 2,230 Ft. seaward of Red Gas #2 and proceeds landward with a length of approximately 600 Ft. and a width of approximately 60 Ft." 206:
region of the New York Bight. The New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System (NYHOPS) utilizes information from sensors, weather forecasts, and environment models to provide real-time forecasts of meteorological and oceanographic conditions in the area.
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Boundaries extend to mid-Hudson on the west, into the Upper Harbor south of Governors Island, to the far pierhead line of the East River, Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil. The exceptions are the additional areas of
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with a waterborne emphasis, starting with natural features. Where possible the list proceeds from the Lower Bay entrance approximately clockwise around the Harbor. The alternative sorting is by jurisdiction.
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New York State has the longest history of nourishment in the country. The first beach nourishment project was the construction and expansion of the shoreline off of Coney Island and Brighton Beach.
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is to develop trade interests in the New York-New Jersey area. The Port Authority operates most of the containerized port facilities listed here, and also collaborates with the
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section included north of the Harlem River (bounded approximately by Johnson Avenue, West 230 Street) and Liberty and Ellis Islands to their original 1834 waterfront. River
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All of the landfill portion of Ellis Island beyond its 1834 waterfront is in Hudson County, NJ. All water surrounding Liberty and Ellis Islands is in Hudson County.
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through projects to restore natural areas. In September the USACE released the New York New Jersey Harbor and Tributaries Study (HATS).
2818:"62 FR 46142 - Simultaneous De-designation and Termination of the Mud Dump Site and Designation of the Historic Area Remediation Site" 3213: 2094: 1870: 1824: 226: 3244: 4114: 2119: 1035: 4134: 3225: 2727: 2099: 1828: 1345: 613: 219: 35: 3027: 2792: 4119: 2551: 2546: 2079: 3972: 2109: 2089: 4129: 4124: 3977: 3269: 3229: 2575: 377: 129: 125: 2617: 4070: 3962: 3620: 3082: 1900: 3832: 3759: 3664: 3627: 1060:, as is all water surrounding Liberty and Ellis Islands. The original island is an exclave in New York State. 2176: 1911: 643: 443: 174:
There is an extremely complex system of tides and currents. Both the Bight and the Sound are essentially
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USGS topographic maps, 1:24,000 scale, listed from west to east (in a row), then north to south:
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forms one of the most intricate natural harbors in the world and one of the busiest
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at head of Kill Van Kull in Newark Bay, part in New Jersey and part in New York
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http://www.harborestuary.org/watersweshare/pdfs/CRP/2_Existing_Conditions.pdf
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extend well up rivers throughout the extended hydrologic system from
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Perth Amboy, Arthur Kill The Narrows, Coney Island, Far Rockaway;
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topographic maps. Many jurisdictional issues appear in U.S. law.
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beaches along the shores of the East Coast have been regularly
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Inventory of Historic Light Stations: New Jersey Lighthouses
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Hearing Notice for Department of the Army Corps of Engineers
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Inventory of Historic Light Stations: New York Lighthouses
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Population density and elevation above sea level in the
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South Amboy, Keyport, Sandy Hook West, Sandy Hook East.
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One of the most intricate natural harbors in the world
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Hudson=Raritan Estuary Comprehensive Restoration Plan
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Elizabeth, Jersey City, Brooklyn, Jamaica, Lynbrook;
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An aerial view of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary
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Orange, Weehawken, Central Park Flushing, Seacliff;
233:region, with proposals to mitigate the effects of 229:produced a comprehensive restoration plan for the 2542:Marine life of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary 240: 68:An 1866 map of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary 38:map showing New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary's 4106: 2778:New York New Jersey Harbor and Tributaries Study 2628:NOAA Tides and Current web site FAQ page. See 2073: 2578:. National Geographic Society. 14 November 2016 2031:(Swash Channel Range Rear, decommissioned 1964) 18:Geography of New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary 3136: 2914:Kill van Kull and northern part of Arthur Kill 3270: 2728:"Rebuilding the Coastline, but at What Cost?" 1831:to maintain shipping channels in the harbor. 3065:. Government Printing Office. March 24, 1998 2900:Raritan Bay and southern part of Arthur Kill 3044: 3042: 3040: 2125: 2068: 80:image of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary 3277: 3263: 3208:New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program 3120: 3076: 3152: 3025:Title 33. Navigation and Navigable Waters 2992: 2857: 2831: 2095:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 1920: 1825:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 766: 376:The lists below includes features of the 227:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 190:, non-tidal inflow although the tide and 3037: 2725: 2677: 2120:Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor 1925:For lists see and. Active unless noted. 1560: 1074:within surrounding waters of Jersey City 244: 218:with sand pumped in from off-shore. The 95: 83: 71: 63: 48: 29: 2790: 14: 4107: 2921:New York Harbor (Upper Bay and Narrows 3284: 3258: 3250:New York–New Jersey Harbor/Urban Core 3241:Video explaining formation of estuary 3220:PANJNY Coastal Ecosystems Initiatives 3018: 2100:United States Army Corps of Engineers 1871:Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal 399: 220:United States Army Corps of Engineers 2791:Barnard, Anne (September 26, 2022). 2652: 1565: 1468: 1104: 886:Upper New York Bay (New York Harbor) 2552:New York Harbor Storm-Surge Barrier 2547:Land reclamation in Lower Manhattan 2080:Immigration and Customs Enforcement 1463: 222:(USACE) coordinates the projects. 155:remains unchanged from the time of 24: 3973:Integrated coastal zone management 3001:Yonkers, Mount Vernon, Mamaroneck; 2840:, New York Harbor and Approaches, 2653:Muka, Samantha (August 11, 2015). 2110:U.S. Customs and Border Protection 1818: 106:New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary 25: 4146: 3201: 2090:New Jersey Meadowlands Commission 1638:Ward Point Bend (East & West) 151:Although the overall form of the 128:. The system of waterways of the 4089: 4088: 3626: 3619: 3230:A&E Television Networks, LLC 2969:Long Island Sound and East River 2726:Anderson, Jenny (May 18, 2013). 2678:Seabrook, John (July 22, 2013). 2630:discussion of hydraulic currents 2526: 2512: 1361: 680: 418:(lowest section also called the 4115:Port of New York and New Jersey 3107: 3095: 3051: 2810: 2784: 2770: 2745: 378:Port of New York and New Jersey 130:Port of New York and New Jersey 126:East Coast of the United States 90:New York City metropolitan area 4071:Region of freshwater influence 3214:New York and New Jersey Harbor 3117:Chap. 6, CPIP Toolkit, PANYNJ. 2882:Jamaica Bay and Rockaway Inlet 2719: 2697: 2671: 2646: 2635: 2622: 2611: 2590: 2568: 1901:South Brooklyn Marine Terminal 1823:One of the many duties of the 1715:North of Shooters Island Reach 1690:South of Shooters Island Reach 241:Features of the harbor estuary 13: 1: 4135:Estuaries of New York (state) 3833:Large-scale coastal behaviour 3665:Beaches in estuaries and bays 3149:Lighthouse Friends 2001-2005. 3083:Reports of Channel Conditions 2758:(Report). USACE. June 1, 2016 2562: 2074:Government and other agencies 1084: 3216:, US Army Corps of Engineers 2976:Atlantic Coast charts online 1912:Howland Hook Marine Terminal 1721:Port Newark Pierhead Channel 1641:Ward Point Secondary Channel 384:Official references are the 136:. The harbor opens onto the 36:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 7: 2985:, Office of Coast Survey, 2505: 1895:Red Hook Container Terminal 1790:Weehawken Edgewater Channel 1581:Atlantic Highland Anchorage 1305:(formerly "Orchard Shoals") 1099: 1090:Plum Island, Sandy Hook Bay 1047: 212:Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962 10: 4151: 4120:Geography of New York City 3063:Federal Register Volume 63 1765:Claremont Terminal Channel 1718:Port Newark Branch Channel 1254:Randalls and Wards Islands 1042: 134:ports of the United States 4084: 3986: 3953: 3758: 3718: 3635: 3617: 3292: 2115:United States Park Police 2105:United States Coast Guard 2041:Staten Island Range Light 1938:(Chapel Hill Front Range) 1584:Chapel Hill South Channel 3778:Coastal biogeomorphology 3226:"How the Earth Was Made" 2875:Sandy Hook to Little Egg 2576:"Hudson-Raritan Estuary" 2126:State, county, municipal 2069:Waterfront jurisdictions 1780:Red Hook Flats Anchorage 563:(formerly Gowanus Creek) 4130:Estuaries of New Jersey 4125:Geography of New Jersey 2534:New York (state) portal 1947:Old Orchard Shoal Light 1829:Army Corps of Engineers 1739:Bergen West Point Reach 1736:Bergen East Point Reach 1724:South Elizabeth Channel 1706:Newark Bay Middle Reach 1590:Gravesend Bay Anchorage 1058:Jersey City, New Jersey 225:In 2016, USACE and the 3675:Coastal morphodynamics 2863:NOAA nautical charts 2848:Office of Coast Survey 2846:, 35th Edition, 2006, 2780:(Report). USACE. 2022. 2062:Whitestone Point Light 1996:Blackwell Island Light 1921:Lights and lighthouses 1856:Global Marine Terminal 1712:Newark Bay South Reach 1709:Newark Bay North Reach 1621:Raritan Bay West Reach 1593:Raritan Bay East Reach 1126:Chimney Sweeps Islands 767:Bays, inlets and coves 373: 157:Giovanni da Verrazzano 110:Hudson-Raritan Estuary 101: 93: 81: 69: 61: 46: 4066:Physical oceanography 3232:. All Rights Reserved 3187:40.51667°N 74.04972°W 2085:National Park Service 2052:Stepping Stones Light 2037:(decommissioned 1922) 2015:(decommissioned 1965) 2008:Execution Rocks Light 1998:(decommissioned 1934) 1803:South Brother Channel 1627:Perth Amboy Anchorage 1624:Raritan River Cutoff 1561:Navigational channels 1428:Fort Washington Point 750:Pumpkin Patch Channel 730:Grass Hassock Channel 248: 144:to the southeast and 99: 87: 75: 67: 52: 33: 3895:Submergent coastline 3848:Marine transgression 3803:Discordant coastline 3788:Concordant coastline 3147:New York Lighthouses 3143:New York Lighthouses 3034:USC. See Section 59. 2680:"The Beach Builders" 2146:Waterwitch Highlands 2013:Fort Wadsworth Light 1842:Auto Marine Terminal 1742:Constable Hook Reach 1672:Elizabeth Port Reach 1587:Coney Island Channel 1536:Lawrence Point Ledge 1425:(formerly an island) 1283:Jamaica Bay islands 1197:Jamaica Bay islands 1173:South Brother Island 1168:North Brother Island 388:Coastal pilot, NOAA 108:, also known as the 3999:Coastal engineering 3192:40.51667; -74.04972 3183: /  2472:Sailors Snug Harbor 2349:Floyd Bennett Field 2048:(discontinued 1902) 2019:Jeffreys Hook Light 1862:—privately operated 1768:Port Jersey Channel 1693:Tremley Point Reach 1687:Pralls Island Reach 1545:South Brother Ledge 1244:East River islands 1036:Port Chester Harbor 582:Valley Stream Brook 466:(a.k.a. Mill Brook) 3968:Coastal management 3808:Emergent coastline 3479:Intertidal wetland 3382:Continental margin 3088:2008-10-29 at the 3030:2006-09-26 at the 2981:2006-09-02 at the 2964:2007-09-26 at the 2953:2007-09-26 at the 2942:2007-09-26 at the 2893:New York Lower Bay 2870:(1:40,000 scale), 2797:The New York Times 2732:The New York Times 2427:La Guardia Airport 2272:Liberty State Park 2149:Atlantic Highlands 2035:Prince's Bay Light 2002:Coney Island Light 1952:Robbins Reef Light 1771:Greenville Channel 1761:Buttermilk Channel 1681:Port Reading Reach 1635:Seguine Point Bend 1599:Sandy Hook Channel 1527:College Point Reef 1399:New Barbadoes Neck 1330:Westchester County 1287:Rulers Bar Hassock 1224:Upper Bay islands 1006:City Island Harbor 792:Great Hills Harbor 781:Lower New York Bay 720:Buttermilk Channel 536:Coney Island Creek 400:Rivers and streams 374: 368:not for navigation 256:Lower New York Bay 251:Upper New York Bay 148:to the northeast. 102: 94: 82: 70: 62: 47: 4102: 4101: 3930:Wave-cut platform 3843:Marine regression 3387:Continental shelf 3377:Coastal waterfall 3286:Coastal geography 3245:EPA Water Quality 3115:Bayonne Peninsula 2520:New Jersey portal 2469:West New Brighton 2057:Throgs Neck Light 2046:Statue of Liberty 2024:Kings Point Light 1957:Romer Shoal Light 1903:—City of New York 1815: 1814: 1753:Anchorage Channel 1703:Elizabeth Channel 1684:Port Socony Reach 1678:Outerbridge Reach 1669:Fresh Kills Reach 1630:South Amboy Reach 1557: 1556: 1488:Old Orchard Shoal 1358: 1357: 998:Long Island Sound 990:Westchester Creek 986:(Navy Yard Basin) 807:Fresh Creek Basin 702:Long Island Sound 664:Springville Creek 303:11. Mud Dump Site 286:Long Island Sound 146:Long Island Sound 56:/LOC copy of the 16:(Redirected from 4142: 4092: 4091: 3853:Raised shoreline 3828:Ingression coast 3823:Graded shoreline 3798:Cuspate foreland 3630: 3623: 3574:Submarine canyon 3434:Freshwater marsh 3279: 3272: 3265: 3256: 3255: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3179: 3176: 3164: 3156: 3150: 3140: 3134: 3124: 3118: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3035: 3022: 3016: 2996: 2990: 2971:, found on page 2861: 2855: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2757: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2661: 2650: 2644: 2639: 2633: 2626: 2620: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2572: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2522: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2383:Brooklyn Heights 2177:Middlesex County 1962:Sandy Hook Light 1942:Great Beds Light 1777:Red Hook Channel 1774:Pierhead Channel 1757:Bayridge Channel 1618:Great Beds Reach 1605:Terminal Channel 1566: 1542:Rhinelander Reef 1469: 1464:Banks and shoals 1324:Swinburne Island 1259:Roosevelt Island 1249:Mill Rock Island 1234:Governors Island 1202:The Canarsie Pol 1105: 1016:Hempstead Harbor 604:Mamaroneck River 589:Hutchinson River 507:Woodbridge River 492:Shrewsbury River 411:Hackensack River 351:Raritan Bayshore 21: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4080: 4056:Intertidal zone 3982: 3949: 3838:Longshore drift 3783:Coastal erosion 3754: 3714: 3650:Beach evolution 3631: 3625: 3624: 3615: 3302:Anchialine pool 3288: 3283: 3235: 3233: 3228:. © 1996–2011, 3224: 3204: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3157: 3153: 3141: 3137: 3125: 3121: 3113:Simplified map 3112: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3090:Wayback Machine 3081: 3077: 3068: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3038: 3032:Wayback Machine 3023: 3019: 2997: 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York County 1102: 1087: 1078:Shooters Island 1050: 1045: 1040: 1021:Little Neck Bay 1011:Eastchester Bay 994: 867:Rockaway Inlet 846:Leonardo Harbor 839:Paerdegat Basin 769: 764: 683: 678: 669:Stannards Brook 654:Simonsons Creek 556:Glen Cove Creek 551:Gerritsen Creek 511: 444:Elizabeth River 402: 390:nautical charts 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 302: 300:Ambrose Channel 297: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 243: 231:New York Harbor 40:drainage divide 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4148: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3959: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3764: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3735: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3641: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3347:Brackish marsh 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3327:Barrier island 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3298: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3282: 3281: 3274: 3267: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3222: 3217: 3211: 3203: 3202:External links 3200: 3166: 3165: 3151: 3135: 3119: 3106: 3094: 3075: 3050: 3036: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2991: 2856: 2830: 2809: 2783: 2769: 2744: 2718: 2696: 2684:The New Yorker 2670: 2645: 2634: 2621: 2610: 2589: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2523: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2407:Rockaway Point 2405: 2401: 2400: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2380:South Brooklyn 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2356:Brighton Beach 2354: 2351: 2335: 2316: 2307: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2136: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2029:New Dorp Light 2026: 2021: 2016: 2010: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1984: 1978: 1971: 1970: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1936:Conover Beacon 1932: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1908:Staten Island 1906: 1905: 1904: 1898: 1883: 1882: 1868: 1863: 1853: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1792: 1791: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1675:Gulfport Reach 1673: 1670: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1657:Runway Channel 1655: 1654:Island Channel 1652: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1615:Red Bank Reach 1607: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1596:Rockaway Inlet 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1437:Rockaway Point 1434: 1429: 1426: 1419: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1389:Droyer's Point 1386: 1384:Constable Hook 1381: 1376: 1370: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1336:Pelham Islands 1327: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1314:Prall's Island 1311: 1306: 1303:Hoffman Island 1300: 1289: 1288: 1281: 1280: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1264:U Thant Island 1261: 1256: 1251: 1242: 1241: 1239:Liberty Island 1236: 1231: 1222: 1221: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1195: 1194: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1156:Travers Island 1153: 1148: 1146:Hunters Island 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1116:Pelham Islands 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1075: 1064:Liberty Island 1061: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1002: 993: 992: 987: 981: 976: 971: 968: 967: 966: 956: 954:Bushwick Inlet 951: 945: 937: 936: 935: 934: 932:Weehawken Cove 929: 924: 918: 915: 910: 905: 900: 897: 892: 891:Atlantic Basin 882: 881: 880: 879: 878: 876:Sheepshead Bay 873: 871:Dead Horse Bay 865: 864: 863: 861:Sandy Hook Bay 853: 848: 843: 842: 841: 836: 831: 826: 825: 824: 822:Thurston Basin 814: 809: 804: 794: 789: 768: 765: 763: 762: 760:Spuyten Duyvil 757: 755:Rockaway Inlet 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 711: 705: 704: 699: 694: 682: 679: 677: 676: 674:Tibbetts Brook 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 644:Richmond Creek 641: 640: 639: 636: 631: 626: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 585: 584: 579: 569: 564: 558: 553: 548: 543: 541:Flushing River 538: 533: 528: 523: 517: 510: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 478: 477: 472: 467: 456: 454:Navesink River 451: 449:Overpeck Creek 446: 441: 436: 430: 424: 423: 413: 401: 398: 356:Rockaway Point 295:North Atlantic 291:New York Bight 242: 239: 235:sea level rise 142:Atlantic Ocean 138:New York Bight 44:drainage basin 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4147: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4095: 4087: 4086: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4061:Littoral zone 4059: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3994:Bulkhead line 3992: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3935:Wave shoaling 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3910:Surge channel 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3773:Cliffed coast 3771: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3700:Shingle beach 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3622: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3372:Coastal plain 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3162: 3155: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3116: 3110: 3103: 3098: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3079: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2907:Raritan River 2905: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2860: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2843:Coast Pilot 2 2839: 2834: 2819: 2813: 2798: 2794: 2787: 2779: 2773: 2754: 2748: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2706: 2700: 2685: 2681: 2674: 2667: 2656: 2649: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2614: 2599: 2593: 2577: 2571: 2567: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2524: 2521: 2510: 2496:Tompkinsville 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2460:Port Richmond 2459: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2451:Staten Island 2448: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2423:Willets Point 2422: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2395:Queens County 2392: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2368:Fort Hamilton 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2321:New York City 2318: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2292:West New York 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2254:Hudson County 2251: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2231:Elizabethport 2230: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2217:Tremley Point 2216: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2158:Port Monmouth 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1982:Ambrose Light 1980: 1979: 1977: 1976: 1969:(Range Front) 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1731:Kill van Kull 1728: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1651:Beach Channel 1650: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1604: 1602:Swash Channel 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1553: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512:Gowanus Flats 1511: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1458: 1457:Willets Point 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1442:Rodman's Neck 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1368: 1362:Land features 1354: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1341:Davids Island 1339: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1298:Staten Island 1296: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1272:Queens County 1269: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178:Rikers Island 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1026:Manhasset Bay 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1001: 1000: 999: 991: 988: 985: 984:Wallabout Bay 982: 980: 979:Powell's Cove 977: 975: 974:Newtown Creek 972: 969: 965: 962: 961: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 946: 944: 943: 942: 933: 930: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 908:Harsimus Cove 906: 904: 901: 898: 896: 893: 890: 889: 888: 887: 883: 877: 874: 872: 869: 868: 866: 862: 859: 858: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 823: 820: 819: 818: 815: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 799: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 787:Gravesend Bay 785: 784: 783: 782: 778: 777: 776: 775: 774: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 712: 710: 709: 703: 700: 698: 697:Kill Van Kull 695: 693: 690: 689: 688: 687: 681:Tidal straits 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 649:Sherman Creek 647: 645: 642: 637: 635: 634:Maspeth Creek 632: 630: 629:English Kills 627: 625: 622: 621: 620: 619:Newtown Creek 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 594:Luyster Creek 592: 590: 587: 583: 580: 578: 575: 574: 573: 570: 568: 567:Hawtree Creek 565: 562: 561:Gowanus Canal 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 518: 516: 515: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 487:Raritan River 485: 483: 480: 476: 473: 471: 468: 465: 462: 461: 460: 459:Passaic River 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 431: 429: 428: 421: 417: 414: 412: 409: 408: 407: 406: 397: 395: 391: 387: 382: 379: 371: 370: 369: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 338: 333: 328: 323: 322:Staten Island 318: 313: 308: 307:Hudson Canyon 301: 296: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 238: 236: 232: 228: 223: 221: 217: 213: 208: 205: 204:Hudson Canyon 201: 200:Montauk Point 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 172: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 149: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 98: 91: 86: 79: 74: 66: 59: 55: 51: 45: 41: 37: 32: 19: 3925:Volcanic arc 3813:Feeder bluff 3720:River mouths 3685:Raised beach 3680:Pocket beach 3608: 3579:Tidal island 3569:Strand plain 3514:Natural arch 3234:. Retrieved 3168: 3154: 3138: 3122: 3109: 3097: 3078: 3067:. Retrieved 3062: 3053: 3020: 2994: 2968: 2920: 2913: 2906: 2899: 2892: 2881: 2874: 2867: 2859: 2842: 2833: 2821:. Retrieved 2812: 2800:. Retrieved 2796: 2786: 2772: 2760:. Retrieved 2747: 2735:. Retrieved 2731: 2721: 2709:. Retrieved 2699: 2687:. Retrieved 2683: 2673: 2665: 2658:. Retrieved 2648: 2637: 2624: 2613: 2601:. Retrieved 2598:"Urban Core" 2592: 2580:. Retrieved 2570: 2557:Newark Basin 2475:New Brighton 2449: 2440:Bronx County 2433: 2410:Breezy Point 2404:Far Rockaway 2388: 2359:Coney Island 2344:Kings County 2337: 2326: 2319: 2310: 2309: 2297:North Bergen 2265:Port Johnson 2252: 2240:Essex County 2238: 2212:Union County 2210: 2199:Port Reading 2175: 2164:Port Comfort 2139: 2130: 2129: 1988: 1974: 1973: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1885: 1884: 1834: 1833: 1822: 1809: 1806:West Channel 1800:East Channel 1794: 1793: 1785:Hudson River 1784: 1783: 1746: 1745: 1730: 1729: 1697: 1696: 1663: 1662: 1645: 1644: 1609: 1608: 1570: 1569: 1551: 1521: 1520: 1515:Jersey Flats 1500: 1499: 1485:Flynns Knoll 1473: 1472: 1452:Ward's Point 1423:Coney Island 1415: 1414: 1394:Kearny Point 1379:Bergen Point 1366: 1365: 1352: 1346:Goose Island 1329: 1328: 1291: 1290: 1282: 1271: 1270: 1243: 1229:Ellis Island 1223: 1212: 1211: 1196: 1186:Kings County 1185: 1184: 1110:Bronx County 1109: 1108: 1094:Robbins Reef 1054:Ellis Island 996: 995: 970:Hallets Cove 959:Flushing Bay 939: 938: 921:Morris Canal 884: 851:Prince's Bay 834:Norton Basin 802:Bergen Basin 779: 773:New York Bay 771: 770: 735:Harlem River 707: 706: 685: 684: 609:Mianus River 577:Clear Stream 513: 512: 497:Morses Creek 482:Rahway River 470:Second River 434:Berrys Creek 426: 425: 416:Hudson River 404: 403: 383: 375: 366: 365: 266:Hudson River 224: 209: 192:brackishness 178:bodies with 173: 165:Ellis Island 150: 114:northeastern 112:, is in the 109: 105: 103: 4076:River plume 3890:Steep coast 3863:Rocky shore 3858:Rip current 3738:River delta 3710:Wash margin 3705:Storm beach 3695:Shell beach 3660:Beach wrack 3655:Beach ridge 3645:Beach cusps 3594:Tied island 3584:Tidal marsh 3307:Archipelago 3190: / 3161:Marble Hill 2802:October 29, 2484:Port Socony 2478:Tottenville 2444:City Island 2365:Bensonhurst 2277:Jersey City 2192:Perth Amboy 2188:South Amboy 2167:Union Beach 1866:Port Jersey 1860:Jersey City 1850:Jersey City 1664:Arthur Kill 1646:Jamaica Bay 1610:Raritan Bay 1533:Holmes Rock 1509:Dimond Reef 1491:Romer Shoal 1447:Throgs Neck 1404:Paulus Hook 1374:Bergen Neck 1278:Long Island 1192:Long Island 1161:Twin Island 1141:High Island 1136:Hart Island 1131:City Island 1121:The Blauzes 913:John's Cove 903:Gowanus Bay 856:Raritan Bay 817:Head of Bay 797:Jamaica Bay 745:The Narrows 692:Arthur Kill 686:Inter-state 659:Smith Creek 638:Whale Creek 624:Dutch Kills 614:Motts Creek 546:Fresh Kills 531:Byram River 526:Bronx River 521:Alley Creek 502:Piles Creek 475:Third River 464:First River 420:North River 341:Jersey City 281:Jamaica Bay 276:Raritan Bay 216:replenished 58:Manatus Map 4109:Categories 4004:Grain size 3978:Submersion 3955:Management 3940:Wind fetch 3900:Surf break 3818:Flat coast 3748:regressive 3534:Salt marsh 3392:Coral reef 3236:2011-09-19 3178:74°02′59″W 3175:40°31′00″N 3133:NPS lists. 3069:2014-08-31 2838:Chapter 11 2563:References 2493:St. George 2481:Charleston 2415:East River 2371:Bath Beach 2132:New Jersey 1987:Lightship 1929:New Jersey 1835:New Jersey 1795:East River 1698:Newark Bay 1522:East River 1482:False Hook 1409:Sandy Hook 1367:New Jersey 1207:Ruffle Bar 1151:Rat Island 1085:New Jersey 1031:Pelham Bay 964:Little Bay 949:Bowery Bay 941:East River 927:Newark Bay 917:Long Canal 899:Erie Basin 895:Communipaw 829:Mill Basin 812:Grassy Bay 725:East River 715:Bronx Kill 599:Main Creek 572:Hook Creek 439:Dwars Kill 427:New Jersey 364:(This is 361:Sandy Hook 271:East River 261:Newark Bay 210:Since the 118:New Jersey 116:states of 92:as of 2010 3963:Accretion 3945:Wind wave 3905:Surf zone 3760:Processes 3733:Mouth bar 3690:Recession 3670:Beachrock 3589:Tide pool 3519:Peninsula 3407:cliff-top 3294:Landforms 2435:The Bronx 2399:Lower Bay 2374:Bay Ridge 2362:Gravesend 2328:Manhattan 2302:Edgewater 2287:Weehawken 2227:Elizabeth 2220:Grasselli 2161:Keansburg 1891:Brooklyn 1879:Elizabeth 1747:Upper Bay 1571:Lower Bay 1548:Ways Reef 1539:Mill Rock 1501:Upper Bay 1494:West Bank 1479:East Bank 1474:Lower Bay 1219:Manhattan 740:Hell Gate 332:The Bronx 312:Manhattan 184:saltwater 161:Hell Gate 4094:Category 3920:Undertow 3873:Sea foam 3868:Sea cave 3768:Blowhole 3610:Windwatt 3469:Headland 3317:Avulsion 3086:Archived 3028:Archived 2979:Archived 2962:Archived 2951:Archived 2940:Archived 2823:28 March 2762:19 April 2737:19 April 2711:19 April 2689:18 April 2660:10 April 2603:28 March 2582:28 March 2506:See also 2463:Elm Park 2420:Flushing 2377:Red Hook 2339:Brooklyn 2312:New York 2205:Carteret 2152:Leonardo 1975:New York 1886:New York 1530:Hog Back 1432:Red Hook 1416:New York 1100:New York 1072:New York 1048:Bi-state 708:New York 514:New York 405:Bi-state 317:Brooklyn 122:New York 54:Harrisse 4044:shingle 4024:granule 4009:boulder 3987:Related 3883:peresyp 3793:Current 3728:Debouch 3637:Beaches 3604:Waituna 3599:Tombolo 3509:Mudflat 3504:Machair 3494:Isthmus 3414:Estuary 3357:Channel 2707:. USACE 2490:Chelsea 2282:Hoboken 2260:Bayonne 2196:Sewaren 2170:Keyport 2155:Belford 1989:Ambrose 1846:Bayonne 1068:exclave 1043:Islands 337:Bayonne 202:to the 188:fresher 169:bedrock 153:estuary 140:in the 124:on the 76:A 2011 60:of 1639 34:A 2016 4034:pebble 4029:gravel 4019:cobble 3564:Strait 3544:Skerry 3499:Lagoon 3484:Island 3439:Fundus 3342:Bodden 2642:NYHOPS 2487:Travis 2390:Queens 2246:Newark 2223:Linden 2202:Chrome 2185:Morgan 1875:Newark 1810: 1552: 1353: 392:, and 346:Newark 327:Queens 196:Albany 176:marine 3915:Swash 3878:Shoal 3559:Stack 3549:Sound 3539:Shoal 3489:Islet 3474:Inlet 3464:Hapua 3429:Fjord 3424:Fjard 3419:Firth 3367:Coast 3362:Cliff 3337:Bight 3312:Atoll 2959:12366 2948:12339 2937:12341 2933:12338 2929:12335 2925:12337 2918:12334 2911:12333 2904:12332 2897:12331 2890:12401 2886:12402 2879:12350 2872:12324 2865:12327 2756:(PDF) 923:Basin 180:tides 4049:silt 4039:sand 4014:clay 3743:mega 3554:Spit 3524:Reef 3454:Gulf 3402:Dune 3397:Cove 3352:Cape 3322:Ayre 3145:and 3129:and 2987:NOAA 2852:NOAA 2825:2017 2804:2022 2764:2017 2739:2017 2713:2017 2691:2017 2662:2017 2605:2017 2584:2017 1877:and 1848:and 394:USGS 386:NOAA 305:12. 298:10. 182:and 163:and 120:and 104:The 78:NASA 42:and 3529:Ria 3459:Gut 3449:Geo 3444:Gat 3332:Bay 1070:of 359:j. 354:i. 349:H. 344:G. 335:F. 330:E. 325:D. 320:C. 315:B. 310:A. 289:9. 284:8. 279:7. 274:6. 269:5. 264:4. 259:3. 254:2. 249:1. 198:to 4111:: 3061:. 3039:^ 2957:, 2946:, 2935:, 2931:, 2927:, 2923:, 2916:, 2909:, 2902:, 2895:, 2888:, 2884:, 2877:, 2850:, 2795:. 2730:. 2682:. 2664:. 2454:, 2438:, 2393:, 2342:, 2331:, 1873:, 1858:, 1844:, 1066:, 372:.) 171:. 3278:e 3271:t 3264:v 3239:. 3072:. 2989:. 2854:. 2827:. 2806:. 2766:. 2741:. 2715:. 2693:. 2632:. 2607:. 2586:. 422:) 339:- 293:- 20:)

Index

Geography of New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
drainage divide
drainage basin

Harrisse
Manatus Map


NASA

New York City metropolitan area

northeastern
New Jersey
New York
East Coast of the United States
Port of New York and New Jersey
ports of the United States
New York Bight
Atlantic Ocean
Long Island Sound
estuary
Giovanni da Verrazzano
Hell Gate
Ellis Island
bedrock
marine
tides

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