82:
192:
up politics, cities, and see after the health and wellbeing of their neighbors. Donning the mantle of motherhood, female activists methodically investigated their community's needs and used their "maternal" expertise to lobby, create, and secure a place for themselves in an emerging state welfare bureaucracy, best illustrated perhaps by clubwoman Julia
Lathrop's leadership in the US Children's Bureau. As part of this tradition of maternal activism, the Progressive-era General Federation supported a range of causes from the pure food and drug administration to public health care for mothers and children to a ban on child labor, each of which looked to the state to help implement their vision of social justice.
197:
74:
155:, a black journalist, tried to attend as a representative of three Boston organizations β the New Era Club, the New England Woman's Club and the New England Woman's Press Club. Southern women led by president Rebecca Douglas Lowe, a Georgia native, told Ruffin that she could be seated as an honorary representative of the two white clubs but would not seat a black club. She refused on principle and was excluded from the proceedings. These events became known as "The Ruffin Incident" and were widely covered in newspapers around the country, most of whom supported Ruffin.
2056:
171:
27:
229:
strengthening the nation internally through local, national, and international community activism. The remaining 70,000 members are older now, and have less influence in national affairs. The affiliated clubs in every state and more than a dozen countries work locally "to support the arts, preserve natural resources, advance education, promote healthy lifestyles, encourage civic involvement, and work toward world peace and understanding".
903:, From 1911 to 1914, president of the Nevada Federation of Women's Clubs, and from 1918 to 1920 she was director from Nevada of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. She was vice-chairman of the Junior Memberships of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. She was the life secretary of the Presidents of 1912 of the General Federation of Women's Clubs. She compiled a collection of Nevada Poems for the Nevada Federation of Women's Clubs
217:
southwestern clubs help support the Museum of
Northern Arizona (MNA) and became advocates and consumers for authentic Native American arts and crafts. Even more important, in western states, GFWC affiliates cooperated with Collier when he served (1933β45) as the New Deal's Commissioner for Indian affairs in his campaign to reverse federal policies designed to assimilate Indians into the national culture.
1892:
1536:
476:, President of the State Federation of Women's Clubs. She was member of the Board of the Missouri Federation of Women's Clubs and President of the 8th District of the Missouri Federation. She was the President of the Portland Woman's Club and the chairman of the finance of the Woman's Building association
166:
and the temperance movement. Local clubs at first were mostly reading groups focused on literature, but increasingly became civic improvement organizations of middle-class women meeting in each other's homes weekly. The clubs avoided controversial issues that would divide the membership, especially
105:
in the United States which promote civic improvements through volunteer service. Community
Service Projects (CSP) are organized by local clubs for the benefit of their communities or GFWC's Affiliate Organization (AO) partnerships. GFWC maintains nearly 60,000 members throughout the United States and
208:
Paula Watson has shown that across the country the clubs supported the local
Carnegie public library, as well as traveling libraries for rural areas. They promoted state legislation to fund and support libraries, especially to form library extension programs. GFWC affiliates worked with the American
191:
built on
Progressive-era strategies of municipal housekeeping. During the Progressive era, female activists used traditional constructions of womanhood, which imagined all women as mothers and homemakers, to justify their entrance into community affairs: as "municipal housekeepers," they would clean
240:
The
General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC), one of the oldest women's volunteer organizations, seeks to build global communities where people unite in diversity and dedicate their service to changing lives. GFWC celebrates the engagement of people of all backgrounds and believes in fostering an
158:
In a time when women's rights were limited, the state federation chapters held grassroots efforts to make sure the woman's voice was heard. Through monthly group meetings to annual charter meetings, women of influential status within their communities could have their feelings heard. They were able
204:
Kansas was a representative state, as the women's clubs joined with local chapters of the WCTU and other organizations to deal with social issues. The clubs continued to feature discussions of current literature, culture, and civic events, but they also broadened to include public schools, local
216:
into the forefront of the debate when they appointed him the research agent for the Indian
Welfare Committee in 1922. The GFWC took a leadership role in opposing assimilation policies, supporting the return of Indian lands, and promoting more religious and economic independence. For example,
228:
The membership peaked at 850,000 in 16,000 clubs in 1955, and has declined to about 70,000 in the 21st century as middle-class women moved into the public mainstream. During the Cold War era, the GFWC promoted the theme that
American women had a unique ability to preserve world peace while
167:
religion and the prohibition issue. In the south and east, suffrage was also highly divisive, while there was little resistance to it among clubwomen in the west. In the midwest, clubwomen first avoided the suffrage issue out of caution, but after 1900 increasingly came to support it.
224:
conducted a survey of county organizations which was recognized by the
National Federation of Women's Clubs. For the first time in the history of federated clubs, the accomplishments and the organization of these bodies were set forth.
3362:
147:
Local women's clubs initially joined the
General Federation directly but later came into membership through state federations that began forming in 1892. The GFWC also counts international clubs among its members.
977:
writer, editor, translator, musician, educator, and political activist, she joined the GFWC in 1921, was active in its women's rights efforts, and created the Indian Welfare Committee in 1924. She co-founded the
1732:
2159:
2018:
White, Kristin Kate, "Training a Nation: The General Federation of Women's Clubs' Rhetorical Education and American Citizenship, 1890β1930" (PhD dissertation, Ohio State University, 2010). DA3429649.
196:
159:
to meet with state officials in order to have a say in community events. Until the right to vote was granted, these women's clubs were the best outlet for women to be heard and taken seriously.
416:, member of State Executive Board, California Fed. Women's Clubs, for 6 years chairman of its Committee of International Relations, founder and honorary president Lake County Fed. Women's Clubs
2518:
2956:
1008:
725:
Jane Brunson Marks, served as Philanthropic Chairman of Woman's Club of Burbank and was the President of Woman's Club of Burbank from 1927 to 1928 and reelected from 1928 to 1929
566:, For six years was Child Welfare Chairman for Federated Women's Clubs of Alameda District during which time she was instrumental in establishing Well Baby Clinics in the schools
232:
In 2009, GFWC members raised over $ 39 million on behalf of more than 110,000 projects, and volunteered more than 4.1 million hours in the communities where they live and work.
3352:
2129:
413:
3342:
521:
81:
3337:
3283:
551:
314:
3024:
2753:
1013:
662:, organizer, vice-president and chairman of the Oakland Women's City Club; this club had three thousand members and erected a new building which cost $ 600,000.00
578:, San Diego County and Southern District Chairman, Indian welfare, California Fed. of Women's Clubs, Second Vice-President, San Diego County Fed. of Women's Clubs
77:
Federation Of Women's Clubs, D.C. Leaders Of Delegation To White House, 1914: Mrs. Ellis Logan; Mrs. H.W. Wiley; Miss E. Shippen; Mrs. R.C. Darr; Miss M. McNeilan
2328:
825:
617:
455:
293:, Southern District chairman, California Fed. of Women's Clubs, for Motion Pictures; local chairman of Motion Pictures; president of San Bernardino Women's Club
1033:
599:
3029:
641:
545:
302:
209:
Library Association, state library associations, and state library commissions and gave critical support to library education programs at the universities.
3347:
2554:
2144:
575:
425:
296:
2596:
2214:
807:
497:
107:
45:
2083:
563:
380:, President, City and County Fed. of Women's Clubs of San Francisco, State and District chairman of Junior membership, California Fed. of Women's Clubs
2194:
656:, Tucson Woman's Club (president), Southern Arizona District Federation Women's Clubs (president), Arizona State Federation Women's Clubs (president)
560:, in 1932 was presented with a certificate by the General Federation of Women's Club for being the oldest American born mother in the state of Nevada
3050:
2847:
1028:
503:
879:, editor of the official bulletin of the Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs and chairman of Civic Department of the Seattle Woman's Club
2951:
440:, Oregon State and National Organization of Women's Clubs, elected President of the (National) General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC) in 1938
3357:
1248:
Karin L. Huebner, "An Unexpected Alliance: Stella Atwood, the California Clubwomen, John Collier, and the Indians of the Southwest, 1917β1934,"
2124:
2977:
106:
internationally. GFWC is one of the world's largest and oldest nonpartisan, nondenominational, women's volunteer service organizations. The
2134:
278:
2868:
2716:
2575:
1522:
Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America
3332:
2748:
2680:
2013:
1207:
1023:
2972:
3233:
2685:
2239:
2114:
1231:
Paula D. Watson, "Founding mothers: The contribution of women's organizations to public library development in the United States."
626:, chairman Child Welfare, San Joaquin Valley and State Fed. Women's Clubs, chairman, Resolution Committee, State Fed. Women's Clubs
2617:
993:
470:, For twelve years was State or District Chairman of California History and Landmarks Dept. for California Fed. of Women's Clubs
2076:
1147:
Mary Jane Smith, "The Fight to Protect Race and Regional Identity within the General Federation of Women's Clubs, 1895β1902."
602:, Chairman of Community Service, Los Angeles District, California Fed. of Women's Clubs, Member Women's Club of South Pasadena
3180:
3076:
2649:
2229:
2199:
2184:
2003:
1589:
3091:
2414:
2348:
2265:
2149:
979:
847:
3149:
2654:
2234:
2219:
1909:
1778:
Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914β1915
3071:
2821:
2533:
2031:
1749:
184:
3106:
3096:
3003:
2883:
2388:
2069:
1945:
786:
committee of the Los Angeles California Federation of Women's clubs and pioneer in counting calories for weight loss.
3086:
2903:
2888:
2785:
2189:
2008:
Meltzer, Paige. "The Pulse and Conscience of America" The General Federation and Women's Citizenship, 1945β1960,"
1325:
140:
as its first president. In 1901 it was granted a charter by Congress. Dietz proclaimed, "We look for unity, but
3111:
2893:
2732:
2445:
2368:
2174:
1202:
Paige Meltzer, "The Pulse and Conscience of America" The General Federation and Women's Citizenship, 1945β1960,"
840:, one of the pioneer women of the state of Montana, was active in organizing and building the local Woman's Club
686:, president of Utah Federation of Women's Clubs and Director for Utah of the General Federation of Women's Clubs
512:, in 1915 Gates represented Ebell Club at the 14th annual California Federation of Women's Club in San Francisco
3121:
3081:
2419:
3170:
2816:
2806:
2338:
2244:
1078:
776:, chair, Drama Sub-Committee of the Committee on Literature and Library Extension in the General Federation.
212:
Many clubs were especially concerned with uplifting the neglected status of American Indians. They brought
3212:
2987:
2769:
928:
530:, President, California Fed. of Women's Clubs, Has held several high offices in Federation of Women's Clubs
434:, founder and first president of the Federation of Women's Clubs for Oklahoma and Indian Territories (1898)
431:
419:
377:
1303:
Meltzer, "The Pulse and Conscience of America" The General Federation and Women's Citizenship, 1945β1960,"
3045:
2852:
2690:
2383:
2297:
2154:
1003:
894:
882:
813:
752:, served as chairperson to the Division of Literature at the Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs
266:
73:
3175:
3135:
3101:
2837:
2675:
2580:
2559:
2538:
2466:
2378:
2209:
2119:
1048:
728:
213:
891:, first president of the Oklahoma State Federation of Women's Clubs (1909), Treasurer GFWC (1910β1912)
341:, Press Chairman of California Federation of Women's Clubs, Member Western Federation of Women's Clubs
3196:
2919:
2842:
2601:
2435:
2393:
2281:
2139:
1715:
998:
870:
506:, President of Stanislaus County Fed. of Women's Clubs; for 3 years president of Modesto Woman's Club
395:
162:
Women's clubs spread very rapidly after 1890, taking up some of the slack left by the decline of the
3307:
3165:
2873:
2486:
2481:
2373:
2302:
2092:
1987:
1711:
1043:
1018:
707:
581:
1846:
1782:
1659:
1634:
144:" and that became the GFWC motto. Southern white women played a central role in the early years.
85:
General Federation of Women's Clubs pamphlet on roadside beautification and billboard restriction.
2811:
2633:
2523:
2471:
2343:
2312:
2307:
1612:
949:, chairman of Public Health at the Los Angeles District of California Federation of Women's Clubs
852:
743:
732:
608:, president of Tri County Fed. of Women's Clubs, Auditor, Northern District Fed. of Women's Clubs
338:
137:
1685:
170:
2982:
2935:
2528:
2476:
2179:
1117:
912:
789:
755:
713:
701:
659:
473:
359:
2061:
1878:
1796:
1579:
1132:
2700:
2450:
2440:
2224:
2204:
964:
888:
692:, State Chairman of Law for the Business and Insurance California Federation of Women's Clubs
479:
443:
407:
353:
272:
122:
1278:
3116:
2358:
1053:
876:
858:
837:
810:, chair of the Motion Picture Committee of the Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs
767:
695:
683:
665:
605:
383:
344:
326:
284:
254:
98:
132:
In 1889, Croly organized a conference in New York that brought together delegates from 61
8:
2695:
2502:
1606:
1554:
1253:
946:
795:
689:
653:
629:
587:
509:
401:
311:, General Federation Director and President of the California Federation of Women's Clubs
2055:
1981:
1972:
Blair, Karen J. "General Federation of Women's Clubs," in Wilma Mankiller et al. eds.,
1776:
299:, Served for many years as State Parliamentarian of the California Fed. of Women's Clubs
3258:
2333:
1712:"Decade of Detente: The Mormon-Gentile Female Relationship in Nineteenth-century Utah."
952:
922:
831:
761:
623:
527:
371:
281:, for several years served as chairman of Literature for Illinois Fed. of Women's Clubs
141:
518:, President of Wyoming Federation of Women's Clubs and she was active in all club work
464:, State Chairman of American Citizenship of the California Federation of Women's Clubs
2027:
1999:
1951:
1941:
1872:
1818:
1585:
1581:
The Political Activities of Detroit Clubwomen in the 1920s: A Challenge and a Promise
1520:
958:
940:
934:
864:
843:
819:
722:, Washington State Federarion of Women's Clubs and Director of the General Federation
677:
647:
635:
491:
437:
320:
1341:
804:, State Chairman of Americanization under the New Mexico Federation of Women's Clubs
3008:
1823:
1058:
906:
900:
779:
611:
557:
515:
485:
221:
152:
111:
102:
51:
1191:
The Transformation of the Woman Suffrage Movement: The Case of Illinois, 1850β1920
1134:
Biennial of the General Federation of Women's Clubs: Official Proceedings. ... .no
1329:
798:, chairman of Literature and Drama for the California Federation of Women's Clubs
749:
746:, president of the Wilshire Woman's Club and the Dean Club of Southern California
737:
719:
593:
533:
389:
374:, district chairman of Public Welfare, for California Federation of Women's Clubs
332:
308:
133:
323:, chairman of the Press Department of the California Federation of Women's clubs
129:
club for professional women. It was the model for the nationwide GFWC in 1890.
2398:
2363:
974:
773:
644:, for two terms District chairman, Public Health, California Fed. Women's Clubs
569:
365:
2160:
Daughters of the Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World
764:(1839β1923), one of the originators of the General Federation of Women's Clubs
241:
inclusive, equitable climate, and culture where community members can thrive.
3326:
3228:
3055:
2353:
2169:
1896:
1540:
1038:
801:
783:
671:
467:
461:
398:(1858β1940), eighth president, GFWC; president, California Fed. Women's Clubs
290:
26:
3363:
Patriotic and national organizations chartered by the United States Congress
1955:
1218:
June O. Underwood, "Civilizing Kansas: Women's Organizations, 1880β1920,"
680:, State Chairman of Literature of the California Federation of Women's Clubs
2670:
539:
449:
2878:
2801:
1935:
536:, On Speakers' Bureau of County Fed. of Women's Clubs and Community Chest
260:
1152:
967:, member of the Executive Board of the State Federation of Women's Clubs
1322:
1236:
1130:
970:
620:, Council of International Relations, California Fed. of Women's Clubs
554:, secretary of San Joaquin Valley District Federation of Women's Clubs
650:, founder and first president of the Utah Federation of Women's Clubs
548:, president of City and County Fed. of Women's Clubs of San Francisco
368:, member of State Legislative Commission, Federation of Women's Clubs
174:
GFWC clubwomen outside N Street headquarters, Washington DC, ca.1920s
925:, president of the San Bernardino County Federation of Women's Clubs
2519:
Chicago and Northern District Association of Colored Women's Clubs
1086:
897:, State Chairman of Music of the Idaho Federation of Women's Clubs
2898:
1895:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1539:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
584:, From 1925β27, auditor of California Federation of Women's Clubs
126:
1996:
Reaching Out: A Story of the General Federation of Women's Clubs
1686:"Mrs. Hazlett's Funeral is Tomorrow β 05 Apr 1933, Wed β’ Page 2"
1608:
Who's who in California : a biographical directory, 1928β29
758:, vice-president of Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs
335:, first vicepresident of the Montana Federation of Women's Clubs
2957:
Federation of Women's Clubs for Oklahoma and Indian Territories
2091:
1009:
Federation of Women's Clubs for Oklahoma and Indian Territories
287:(1847β1929), helped select the organization's "little blue pin"
125:, a leading New York journalist. In 1868 she helped found the
1998:(Washington, DC: General Federation of Women's Clubs, 1989).
937:, one of the founders of the Century Club in Chillicothe, Ohio
770:, president of the State Federation of Women's Clubs of Nevada
488:, organized the State (New Mexico) Federation of Women's Clubs
955:, president of the Ventura County Federation of Women's Clubs
269:, State Trustee of the California Federation of Women's Clubs
205:
parks, sanitation, prostitution, and protection of children.
2130:
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
524:, served in many offices in California Fed. of Women's Clubs
183:
Historian Paige Meltzer puts the GFWC in the context of the
2249:
614:, president, Central Arizona District Fed. of Women's Clubs
362:, First president of California Federation of Women's Clubs
257:, chairman of Legislation, California Fed. of Women's Clubs
163:
2024:
Music for the Love of It: Episodes in Amateur Music-Making
792:, vice-president of the State Federation of Women's Clubs
136:. The women formed a permanent organization in 1890 with
3284:
First National Conference of the Colored Women of America
1678:
458:, president, San Diego County Federation of Women's Clubs
317:, President, San Luis Obispo County Fed. of Women's Clubs
2049:
500:, served 6 years on State Board of Fed. of Women's Clubs
867:, president of the Portland Federation of Women's Clubs
704:, president of the District Federation of Women's Clubs
404:, First president of Ottawa Federation of Women's Clubs
1264:
Jennifer McLerran, "Clubwomen, Curators and Traders,"
1034:
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
973:(1876β1938), also known as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. A
3025:
General Federation of Women's Clubs of South Carolina
2754:
Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1742:
1014:
General Federation of Women's Clubs of South Carolina
2329:
California State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
347:, State chairman of California Fed. of Women's Clubs
1983:
The History of the Woman's Club Movement in America
1660:"Ebell Club Delegates β 02 May 1915, Sun β’ Page 21"
716:, President of the Federated Woman's Club of Mullen
235:
62:
3030:South Carolina Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1819:"Biographical Sketch of Delphine Anderson Squires"
919:(monthly), the official national organ of the GFWC
2555:Indiana State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
2195:National Society of the Colonial Dames of America
816:, member of the State Federation of Women's Clubs
3353:Women's organizations based in the United States
3338:Service organizations based in the United States
3324:
2597:Topeka Council of Colored Women's Clubs Building
1851:The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
1639:The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
350:Clementine Cordelia Berry Buchwalter (1843β1912)
200:General Federation of Women's Clubs logo in 1902
46:General Federation of Women's Clubs Headquarters
1774:
1577:
1571:
3343:History of women's rights in the United States
2125:Associated Daughters of Early American Witches
2022:Epstein, Joel (2022). "The Women of America".
1118:"Charlotte Emerson Brown β American clubwoman"
2077:
1974:The Readers Companion to U.S. Women's History
1598:
1584:. Wayne State University Press. p. 127.
1029:National Association of Colored Women's Clubs
16:Federation of women's civic clubs in the U.S.
2952:Oklahoma Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
1518:
1131:General Federation of Women's Clubs (1910).
356:(1887β1986), president of the GFWC 1947β1950
178:
3348:Feminist organizations in the United States
1768:
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1396:
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1386:
1384:
1382:
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1110:
494:, President of the Oregon City Women's Club
2681:Colored Female Religious and Moral Society
2084:
2070:
2054:
1781:. American commonwealth Company. pp.
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
25:
1933:
1120:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 April 2023.
101:, is a federation of approximately 2,300
2869:Empire State Federation of Women's Clubs
2717:Ladies' Library Association of Kalamazoo
2576:Iowa Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
2115:American Association of University Women
1838:
1810:
1604:
1552:
1546:
885:, president of the U. A. C. Woman's Club
873:(1868-1961), Nevada state representative
195:
169:
151:In 1900, the GFWC met in Milwaukee, and
80:
72:
2749:Mississippi Federation of Women's Clubs
2021:
1870:
1864:
1519:Binheim, Max; Elvin, Charles A (1928).
1357:
1024:Mississippi Federation of Women's Clubs
3325:
1986:. H. G. Allen & Company. pp.
1937:Encyclopedia of women social reformers
1626:
828:, president Arizona Fed. Women's Clubs
428:, Ventura County Fed. of Women's Clubs
2686:New England Woman's Press Association
2240:Women's Joint Congressional Committee
2200:National Society of New England Women
2185:National Association of Colored Women
2065:
2010:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
1979:
1797:"Edith Dolan Riley papers, 1876β1965"
1204:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
2618:Kentucky Federation of Women's Clubs
2150:Daughters of the American Revolution
1910:"GFWC International Past Presidents"
1844:
1816:
980:National Council of American Indians
848:Daughters of the American Revolution
247:
2655:Maryland Woman Suffrage Association
2250:Young Women's Christian Association
2220:United Daughters of the Confederacy
2165:General Federation of Women's Clubs
2145:Daughters of the American Colonists
1940:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
1611:. Who's Who Publishing Co. p.
994:Alabama Federation of Womenβs Clubs
710:, president of Tonopah Woman's Club
91:General Federation of Women's Clubs
20:General Federation of Women's Clubs
13:
3358:Women's clubs in the United States
3077:Texas Association of Women's Clubs
3072:Daughters of the Republic of Texas
2650:Woman's Literary Club of Baltimore
2230:Women's Christian Temperance Union
1966:
1632:
14:
3374:
3333:Organizations established in 1890
3097:Dallas Equal Suffrage Association
3092:Texas Federation of Women's Clubs
2235:Women's National Republican Club
2041:
2012:(2009), Vol. 30 Issue 3, p52-76.
1553:Fletcher, Russell Holmes (1943).
1206:(2009), Vol. 30 Issue 3, p52-76.
915:, co-founder, editor, publisher,
452:, Active in Women's Clubs affairs
3087:Texas Equal Suffrage Association
2889:Equal Suffrage League (Brooklyn)
2190:National Council of Jewish Women
1890:
1874:Notable women of St. Louis, 1914
1739:, p. 4. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
1605:Detwiler, Justice Brown (1929).
1534:
943:, national president of the GFWC
236:Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
2534:Frederick Douglass Woman's Club
2215:United States Daughters of 1812
1980:Croly, Jane Cunningham (1898).
1927:
1902:
1877:. St. Louis, Woodward. p.
1789:
1754:Los Angeles Evening Post-Record
1726:
1710:Madsen, Carol Cornwall (1995).
1704:
1652:
1635:"Douglas, Sophia Julia Coleman"
1578:Morris-Crowther, Jayne (2013).
1334:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1271:
1258:
1242:
1225:
1212:
1176:"Color-Line in Women's Clubs",
3082:Texas Equal Rights Association
2266:Alabama's Colored Women's Club
1342:"GFWC 2009β2010 Annual Report"
1196:
1183:
1170:
1157:
1141:
1124:
1101:
1071:
846:(1839β1923), president of the
97:), founded in 1890 during the
1:
1847:"Threadgill, Frances Falwell"
1064:
187:, arguing that its policies:
2894:Newswomen's Club of New York
2369:Hollywood Women's Press Club
2175:Ladies' Memorial Association
1266:American Indian Art Magazine
1149:Georgia Historical Quarterly
432:Sophia Julia Coleman Douglas
378:Grace Richardson Butterfield
7:
2155:Daughters of the Cincinnati
2135:Colonial Dames XVII Century
1764:– via Newspapers.com.
987:
895:Catherine E. Van Valkenburg
883:Emily Jean Crimson Thatcher
814:Lallah Rookh White Rockwell
731:(1872β1919), served in the
267:Effie Adelaide Payne Austin
10:
3379:
3181:University Club of Seattle
3136:Daughters of Utah Pioneers
2467:Atlanta Neighborhood Union
2245:Women's Trade Union League
2210:Queen Isabella Association
729:Maybelle Stephens Mitchell
666:Bertha Ethel Knight Landes
542:, Women's Clubs of Arizona
116:
3303:
3296:
3279:
3272:
3253:
3246:
3221:
3205:
3189:
3158:
3142:
3130:
3064:
3038:
3017:
2996:
2965:
2944:
2928:
2912:
2861:
2830:
2794:
2778:
2762:
2741:
2725:
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2626:
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2589:
2568:
2547:
2511:
2495:
2459:
2428:
2407:
2321:
2290:
2274:
2258:
2140:Colonial Dames of America
2107:
2100:
1934:Rappaport, Helen (2001).
1750:"Mrs. Fanny Purdy Palmer"
1716:Utah Historical Quarterly
1250:Pacific Historical Review
871:Delphine Anderson Squires
468:Harrye R. P. Smith Forbes
414:Katherine Davis Cumberson
396:Ione Virginia Hill Cowles
392:, Woman's Club of Spokane
386:, Santa Cruz Woman's Club
243:(Adopted on June 9, 2023)
179:Representative activities
57:
41:
33:
24:
2691:New England Women's Club
1775:John W. Leonard (1914).
1252:(2009) 78#3 pp: 337β366
1004:Casa Grande Woman's Club
708:Laura Adrienne MacDonald
582:Etha Izora Dawley Holden
522:Esther Rainbolt Goodrich
121:The GFWC was founded by
2120:American Woman's League
1756:. 2 May 1902. p. 7
1733:"Georgia Suffrage News"
1556:Who's who in California
1163:"Race Discrimination",
1049:Woman's Club of Olympia
917:The Federation Bulletin
853:Mary Belle King Sherman
744:Evelyn Williams Moulton
552:Susie Prentice Hartzell
339:Leah Belle Kepner Boyce
315:Edythe Mitchell Bissell
305:, Fed. of Women's Clubs
138:Charlotte Emerson Brown
2676:College Club of Boston
2602:Woman's Club of Topeka
2529:Fortnightly of Chicago
2180:League of Women Voters
2026:. Juwal Publications.
1871:Johnson, Anne (1914).
1222:(1984) 7#4 pp 291β306.
999:Anchorage Woman's Club
913:Helen Augusta Whittier
790:Phebe Nebeker Peterson
756:Virginia Keating Orton
714:Olive Dickerson McHugh
702:Edith Bolte MacCracken
660:Nannie S. Brown Kramer
474:Abigail Keasey Frankel
360:Clara Bradley Burdette
201:
194:
175:
86:
78:
3308:List of women's clubs
3297:List of women's clubs
2978:Colored Women's Clubs
2874:Brooklyn Woman's Club
2701:Saturday Morning Club
2225:United Order of Tents
2205:Phillis Wheatley Club
1845:Humphrey, Carol Sue.
1664:The Los Angeles Times
1189:Stephen M. Buechler,
1180:86:6, 1901 February 9
1044:Women's club movement
1019:Glendale Woman's Club
965:Valeria Brinton Young
889:Frances F. Threadgill
826:Margaret Wheeler Ross
618:Christine A. Jacobsen
540:Sharlot Mabridth Hall
480:Lizzie Crozier French
456:Augusta Louise Eraser
444:Mary Elizabeth Downey
420:Ellen Curtis Demorest
408:Jane Cunningham Croly
354:Dorothea Dutcher Buck
273:Edith Vosburgh Alvord
199:
189:
173:
123:Jane Cunningham Croly
84:
76:
3051:Country Woman's Club
2524:Chicago Woman's Club
2472:Atlanta Woman's Club
2344:College Women's Club
2095:in the United States
1817:Beachley, DeAnna E.
1690:Reno Gazette-Journal
1268:(2011) 36#4 pp 54β92
1167:85:24, 1900 June 14.
877:Helen Norton Stevens
859:Margaret Chase Smith
838:Fannie Forbis Russel
768:Fannie Brown Patrick
733:Atlanta Woman's Club
696:Georgina G. Marriott
684:Nancy A. Leatherwood
606:Jane Denio Hutchison
600:Grace Youmans Hudson
384:Vera McKenna Clayton
345:Esto Bates Broughton
329:, Arizona Federation
327:C. Louise Boehringer
285:Mrs. L. Dow Balliett
255:Annette Abbott Adams
185:Progressive Movement
99:Progressive Movement
2503:Daughters of Hawaii
1737:Athens Daily Herald
1559:. Who's Who Pub. Co
1235:(1994) pp: 233β269
947:Belle Wood-Comstock
796:Grace Gimmini Potts
690:Mab Copland Lineman
642:Hope Pyburn Johnson
630:Kate Wetzel Jameson
588:Dorothy D. Houghton
546:Ceil Doyle Hamilton
510:Mabel Barnett Gates
402:Inez Mabel Crawford
303:Mary Lathrop Benton
21:
2334:Berkeley City Club
1994:Houde, Mary Jean.
1328:2014-10-20 at the
1279:"28 May 1925, Thu"
953:Orpha Woods Foster
923:Gertrude B. Wilder
832:Nellie Tayloe Ross
762:Fanny Purdy Palmer
624:Lotta Hetler James
576:Ada Waite Hildreth
528:Annie Sawyer Green
426:Nina F. Diefenbach
372:Mary Ryerson Butin
297:Annie Little Barry
202:
176:
142:unity in diversity
87:
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19:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3292:
3291:
3268:
3267:
3242:
3241:
3234:Women's City Club
3046:19th Century Club
3004:Cosmopolitan Club
2904:Women's City Club
2884:Cosmopolitan Club
2786:20th Century Club
2389:Metropolitan Club
2004:978-0-916371-08-1
1633:Wilson, Linda D.
1591:978-0-8143-3816-2
1233:Library Quarterly
1178:Congregationalist
1165:Congregationalist
1054:Women's Institute
959:Ellen S. Woodward
941:Alice Ames Winter
935:Jane Frances Winn
865:Mary Jane Spurlin
844:Julia Green Scott
820:Eleanor Roosevelt
808:Edith Dolan Riley
698:, Utah Federation
678:Jeanette Lawrence
648:Antoinette Kinney
636:May Mann Jennings
498:Anna Boley Garner
492:Thora B. Gardiner
438:Saidie Orr Dunbar
321:Fannie Jean Black
248:Notable clubwomen
108:GFWC headquarters
71:
70:
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2696:Woman's Era Club
2105:
2104:
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2053:
2052:
2050:Official website
2037:
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1824:Alexander Street
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1735:(March 3, 1915)
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1323:the GFWC Website
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1193:(1986) pp 154β57
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1151:(2010): 479β513
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1098:
1096:
1094:
1089:on 12 March 2015
1085:. Archived from
1075:
1059:Women-only space
907:Laura Lyon White
901:Edith Brake West
780:Lulu Hunt Peters
612:Vernettie O. Ivy
564:Maude B. Helmond
558:Fanny G. Hazlett
516:Dale Pickett Gay
486:Laura E. Frenger
222:Edith Brake West
153:Josephine Ruffin
112:Washington, D.C.
67:
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52:Washington, D.C.
49:1734 N Street NW
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2446:Fort Lauderdale
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2384:LA Nurses' Club
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1967:Further reading
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929:Frances Willard
782:, Chair of the
750:Jacqueline Noel
738:Eva Perry Moore
720:Ruth Karr McKee
594:Julia Ward Howe
534:Harriet A. Haas
390:R. Belle Colver
333:Harriet Bossnot
309:Mariana Bertola
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134:women's clubs
130:
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103:women's clubs
100:
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83:
75:
66:
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56:
53:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
3257:
3247:Publications
3150:Mount Vernon
3009:Plastic Club
2997:Pennsylvania
2770:East Glacier
2164:
2023:
2009:
1995:
1982:
1976:(1998) p 242
1973:
1936:
1929:
1919:December 28,
1917:. Retrieved
1913:
1904:
1882:. Retrieved
1873:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1822:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1791:
1777:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1753:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1670:25 September
1668:. Retrieved
1663:
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1638:
1628:
1618:11 September
1616:. Retrieved
1607:
1600:
1580:
1573:
1563:17 September
1561:. Retrieved
1555:
1548:
1526:. Retrieved
1521:
1348:. Retrieved
1336:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1282:
1273:
1265:
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1190:
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1177:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1148:
1143:
1133:
1126:
1112:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:the original
1082:
1079:"Who We Are"
1073:
916:
450:Freda Ehmann
242:
239:
231:
227:
220:In May 1925
219:
214:John Collier
211:
207:
203:
190:
182:
161:
157:
150:
146:
131:
120:
94:
90:
88:
42:Headquarters
3273:Conventions
3122:San Antonio
3117:Lyceum Club
2879:Colony Club
2853:Silver City
2802:Kalmia Club
2742:Mississippi
2359:Ebell of LA
2298:Casa Grande
1312:Blair, 1998
1289:5 September
961:(1887β1971)
931:(1839β1898)
909:(1839β1916)
861:(1897β1995)
855:(1862β1935)
834:(1876β1977)
822:(1884β1962)
740:(1852β1931)
674:(1858β1932)
668:(1868β1943)
638:(1872β1963)
596:(1819β1910)
590:(1890β1972)
482:(1851β1926)
446:(1872β1949)
422:(1824β1898)
410:(1829β1901)
275:(1875β1962)
263:(1860β1935)
261:Jane Addams
3327:Categories
3159:Washington
3107:Fort Worth
2848:Las Cruces
2838:Alamogordo
2831:New Mexico
2817:Rutherford
2807:Morristown
2795:New Jersey
2733:Saint Paul
2581:Des Moines
2420:Wilmington
2322:California
2108:Nationwide
1666:: 21. 1915
1350:2012-04-09
1285:: 47. 1925
1107:Blair 1998
1093:22 January
1065:References
971:ZitkΓ‘la-Ε Γ‘
279:Helen Bagg
3197:Wauwatosa
3190:Wisconsin
3039:Tennessee
2988:Town Club
2920:Charlotte
2843:Carrizozo
2726:Minnesota
2627:Louisiana
2560:Vincennes
2436:Bradenton
2394:San Pedro
2282:Anchorage
1884:17 August
1856:8 October
1802:3 October
1696:1 October
1692:: 2. 1933
1644:8 October
3171:Longview
3166:Kirkland
3143:Virginia
2945:Oklahoma
2862:New York
2812:Red Bank
2710:Michigan
2643:Maryland
2634:Era Club
2611:Kentucky
2512:Illinois
2487:Tennille
2482:Demorest
2408:Delaware
2374:La Jolla
2303:Glendale
1956:47973274
1760:30 April
1528:8 August
1326:Archived
1254:in JSTOR
1237:in JSTOR
1153:in JSTOR
1083:GFWC.org
988:See also
982:in 1926.
632:, member
572:, Member
3206:Wyoming
3176:Olympia
3102:El Paso
2973:Ashland
2899:Sorosis
2763:Montana
2671:Chilton
2548:Indiana
2460:Georgia
2429:Florida
2415:Milford
2379:Lincoln
2313:Willcox
2291:Arizona
2259:Alabama
1830:7 March
127:Sorosis
117:History
58:Website
34:Founded
3213:Casper
2983:Dundee
2966:Oregon
2936:Dayton
2779:Nevada
2590:Kansas
2496:Hawaii
2477:Dawson
2349:Corona
2275:Alaska
2030:
2014:online
2002:
1954:
1944:
1588:
1208:online
3065:Texas
2451:Miami
2441:Davie
2101:Clubs
1345:(PDF)
1321:From
3131:Utah
2929:Ohio
2569:Iowa
2308:Mesa
2028:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1988:1184
1952:OCLC
1942:ISBN
1921:2017
1914:GFWC
1886:2017
1858:2018
1832:2024
1804:2017
1762:2021
1698:2017
1672:2017
1646:2018
1620:2017
1586:ISBN
1565:2017
1530:2017
1291:2017
1095:2015
164:WCTU
95:GFWC
89:The
65:.org
63:gfwc
37:1890
1879:250
1783:633
1723:(4)
3329::
1950:.
1912:.
1849:.
1821:.
1785:β.
1752:.
1721:63
1719:.
1688:.
1662:.
1637:.
1613:74
1359:^
1281:.
1081:.
2085:e
2078:t
2071:v
2036:.
1990:.
1958:.
1923:.
1899:.
1888:.
1860:.
1834:.
1806:.
1700:.
1674:.
1648:.
1622:.
1594:.
1567:.
1543:.
1532:.
1353:.
1293:.
1239:.
1097:.
93:(
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