2097:
Netherlands, Germany, and Italy. Much of the criticism surrounding the WPATH/HBIGDA-SOC applies to these as well, and some of these SOCs (mostly
European SOC) are actually based on much older versions of the WPATH SOC. Other SOCs are entirely independent of the WPATH. The criteria of many of those SOCs are stricter than the latest revision of the WPATH-SOC. Many qualified surgeons in North America and many in Europe adhere almost unswervingly to the WPATH SOC or other SOCs. However, in the United States many experienced surgeons are able to apply the WPATH SOC in ways which respond to an individual's medical circumstances, as is consistent with the SOC.
2393:
women. Almost all female-to-male individuals have revealed an increase in sexual excitement and are capable of achieving orgasms through sexual activity with a partner or via masturbation, whereas only 85% of the male-to-female individuals are able to achieve orgasms after SRS. A study found that both trans men and trans women reported qualitative change in their experience of orgasm. The female-to-male transgender individuals reported that they had been experiencing intensified and stronger excitements and orgasm while male-to-female individuals have been encountering longer and more gentle feelings.
2339:
transgender people who received sex reassignment surgery from 1973 to 2003, found that they "have considerably higher risks for mortality, suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric morbidity than the general population", concluding that "sex reassignment, although alleviating gender dysphoria, may not suffice as treatment for transsexualism". Lawrence (2003), in a study of 232 trans women who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2000, found "None reported outright regret and only a few expressed even occasional regret."
2123:
1767:. According to WPATH, medically necessary sex reassignment surgeries include "complete hysterectomy, bilateral mastectomy, chest reconstruction or augmentation ... including breast prostheses if necessary, genital reconstruction (by various techniques which must be appropriate to each patient ...)... and certain facial plastic reconstruction." In addition, other non-surgical procedures are also considered medically necessary treatments by WPATH, including facial hair
6844:
1261:
1285:
1273:
2719:, page 42: "The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) . The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince."
1688:
5585:
2269:
2343:
transsexuals may become victims of different social obstacles such as discrimination, prejudice and stigmatising behaviours. The rejection faced by transgender people is much more severe than what is experienced by lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. The hostile environment may trigger or worsen internalized transphobia, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress.
2397:
that there were differences in masturbation frequencies between trans men and trans women, in which female-to-male individuals masturbated more often than male to female The possible reasons for the differences in masturbation frequency could be associated with the surge of libido, which was caused by the testosterone therapies, or the withdrawal of gender dysphoria.
2199:(AMA) House of Delegates stated that the denial to patients with gender dysphoria or otherwise covered benefits represents discrimination, and that the AMA supports "public and private health insurance coverage for treatment for gender dysphoria as recommended by the patient's physician." Other organizations have issued similar statements, including WPATH, the
2109:
people are often unable to change the listing of their sex in public records unless they can furnish a physician's letter attesting that sex reassignment surgery has been performed. In some jurisdictions legal gender change is prohibited in any circumstances, even after genital or other surgery or treatment.
1995:, whom the surgeon may consult when determining if the patient is physically fit for surgery. Health providers including pharmacists can play a role in maintaining safe and cost-effective regimens, providing patient education, and addressing other health issues including smoking cessation and weight loss.
2088:(WPATH, formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association or HBIGDA). Many jurisdictions and medical boards in the United States and other countries recognize the WPATH Standards of Care for the treatment of transgender individuals. Some treatment may require a minimum duration of
2396:
The rates of masturbation have also changed after sex reassignment surgery for both trans women and trans men. A study reported an overall increase of masturbation frequencies exhibited in most transsexual individuals and 78% of them were able to reach orgasm by masturbation after SRS. A study showed
2388:
The majority of the transsexual individuals have reported enjoying better sex lives and improved sexual satisfaction after sex reassignment surgery. The enhancement of sexual satisfaction was positively related to the satisfaction of new primary sex characteristics. Before undergoing SRS, transsexual
2108:
Many medical professionals and numerous professional associations have stated that surgical interventions should not be required for transsexual individuals to change sex designation on identity documents. However, depending on the legal requirements of many jurisdictions, transsexual and transgender
2392:
Most of the individuals have reported that they have experienced sexual excitement during sexual activity, including masturbation. The ability to obtain orgasms is positively associated with sexual satisfaction. Frequency and intensity of orgasms are substantially different among trans men and trans
2342:
Risk categories for post-operative regret include being older, having characterised personality disorders with personal and social instability, lacking family support, lacking sexual activity, and expressing dissatisfaction with the results of surgery. During the process of sex reassignment surgery,
2002:
may have difficulty finding a surgeon able to perform successful surgery. Many surgeons operate in small private clinics that cannot treat potential complications in these populations. Some surgeons charge higher fees for HIV and hepatitis C-positive patients; other medical professionals assert that
2884:
2079:
Sex reassignment surgery can be difficult to obtain due to financial barriers, insurance coverage, and lack of providers. An increasing number of surgeons are now training to perform such surgeries. In many regions, an individual's pursuit of SRS is often governed, or at least guided, by documents
1902:
was developed for female-to-male surgical transition by the doctors
Lebovic and Laub. Considered a variant of phalloplasty, metoidioplasty works to create a penis out of the patient's present clitoris. This allows the patient to have a sensation-perceiving penis head. Metoidioplasty may be used in
2214:
for the first time approved payment for sex reassignment surgery for an active-duty U.S. military service member. The patient, an infantry soldier who is a transgender woman, had already begun a course of treatment for gender reassignment. The procedure, which the treating doctor deemed medically
2060:
recommended that physicians do not perform surgery on children until they are old enough to give informed consent and to assign such infants in the gender to which they will probably best adjust. Diamond believed introducing children to others with differences of sex development could help remove
1702:
As underscored by WPATH, a medically assisted transition from one gender to another may entail any of a variety of non-genital surgical procedures which change primary and/or secondary sex characteristics, any of which are considered "gender-affirming surgery" when undertaken to affirm a person's
1569:
expands in the medical community, more surgeons are willing to tailor operations to individual needs. Bigenital operations allow individuals to construct a penis or vagina and retain their original organs. Gender nullification is the removal of all external genitalia except the urethral opening,
2329:
found that from 1998 onward, studies have shown that "the whole process of gender reassignment is effective in relieving gender dysphoria and that its positive results greatly outweighed any negative consequences", but noted methodological issues in many studies, particularly older ones. A 2010
2247:
found that gender-affirming surgery was significantly associated with lower rates of psychological distress, smoking, and suicidal ideation, compared to rates among respondents who desired surgery but had not undergone it. This was the largest controlled study on the subject to date (N=19,960),
2338:
Smith et al. (2001) found that among 20 patients, anxiety, depression and hostility levels were lower after sex reassignment surgery. Wierckx et al. (2011), in a study of 49 trans men, found them in good self-perceived physical and mental health. Dhejne et al. (2011), in a study following 324
2334:
noted the lack of randomization and control groups and reliance of self-reporting in the studies it reviewed, reaching the conclusion "Very low quality evidence suggests that hormonal therapies given to individuals with GID as a part of sex reassignment are likely to improve gender dysphoria,
2096:
Standards of Care usually give certain very specific "minimum" requirements as guidelines for progressing with treatment, causing them to be highly controversial and often maligned documents among transgender patients seeking surgery. Alternative local standards of care exist, such as in the
2389:
patients possessed unwanted sex organs which they were eager to remove. Hence, they were not enthusiastic about engaging in sexual activity. Transsexual individuals who have undergone SRS are more satisfied with their bodies and experienced less stress when participating in sexual activity.
2355:
Looking specifically at transsexual people's genital sensitivities, both trans men and trans women are capable of maintaining their genital sensitivities after SRS. However, these are counted upon the procedures and surgical tricks which are used to preserve the sensitivity. Considering the
2176:
A growing number of public and commercial health insurance plans in the United States now contain defined benefits covering sex reassignment-related procedures, usually including genital reconstruction surgery (MTF and FTM), chest reconstruction (FTM), breast augmentation (MTF), and
2384:
in genital sexual activities, like masturbation and intercourse. Many studies reviewed that both trans men and trans women have reported an increase of orgasms in both sexual activities, implying the possibilities to maintain or even enhance genital sensitivity after SRS.
2014:
Sex reassignment surgery is generally not performed on children under 18, though in rare cases may be performed on adolescents if health care providers agree there is an unusual benefit to doing so or risk to not performing it. Preferred treatments for children include
1660:, as well as bigenital or gender nullification surgeries. Bigenital operations include androgynoplasty, a procedure that retains the penis, or vagina-preserving phalloplasty. However, these procedures are extremely rare. In 2017 one of the leading UK trans surgeons
2368:
in their reconstructed genitals is one of the essential objectives surgeons want to achieve in SRS. Moreover, studies have also found that the critical procedure for genital sensitivity maintenance and achieving orgasms after phalloplasty is to preserve both the
1965:
The prevalence of transgender-related surgeries is difficult to measure and likely underestimated. In 2015, the largest survey of transgender people in the United States reported that 25% of respondents reported having undergone such a surgery.
1679:. Complications of penile inversion vaginoplasty are mostly minor; however, rectoneovaginal fistulas (abnormal connections between the neovagina and the rectum) can occur in about 1–3% of patients. These require additional surgery to correct.
2346:
Many patients perceive the outcome of the surgery as not only medically but also psychologically important. Social support can help them to relate to their minority identity, ascertain their trans identity and reduce minority stress.
2092:
and living as a member of the target gender full-time, sometimes called the real life experience (RLE) (sometimes mistakenly referred to as the real life test (RLT)) before sex reassignment surgeries are covered by insurance.
2019:, which are thought to have some reversible physical changes, and sex hormones, which reduce the need for future surgery. Medical protocols typically require long-term mental health counseling to verify persistent and genuine
3191:
2100:
Many surgeons require two letters of recommendation for sex reassignment surgery. At least one of these letters must be from a mental health professional experienced in diagnosing gender identity disorder (now recognized as
4972:
Murad MH, Elamin MB, Garcia MZ, Mullan RJ, Murad A, Erwin PJ, et al. (February 2010). "Hormonal therapy and sex reassignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of quality of life and psychosocial outcomes".
1953:
As of 2017, some
European countries require forced sterilization for the legal recognition of sex reassignment. As of 2020, Japan also requires an individual to undergo sterilization to change their legal sex.
5536:
Gómez-Gil E, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, de
Antonio IE, Guillamon A, Salamero M (March 2014). "Determinants of quality of life in Spanish transsexuals attending a gender unit before genital sex reassignment surgery".
3708:
Djordjevic ML, Stanojevic D, Bizic M, Kojovic V, Majstorovic M, Vujovic S, et al. (May 2009). "Metoidioplasty as a single stage sex reassignment surgery in female transsexuals: Belgrade experience".
6360:
2239:
for trans men, improves quality of life. A 2024 systematic review found that genital surgeries significantly improved depression and dissociation, with "mixed results" for other mental health outcomes.
2081:
1369:
427:
6519:
5016:
Smith YL, van Goozen SH, Cohen-Kettenis PT (April 2001). "Adolescents with gender identity disorder who were accepted or rejected for sex reassignment surgery: a prospective follow-up study".
2404:'s expectations for different aspects of their life, the sexual aspects have the lowest level of satisfaction among all other elements (physical, emotional and social levels). When comparing
4324:
Bradley SJ, Oliver GD, Chernick AB, Zucker KJ (July 1998). "Experiment of nurture: ablatio penis at 2 months, sex reassignment at 7 months, and a psychosexual follow-up in young adulthood".
6715:
5064:
Wierckx K, Van
Caenegem E, Elaut E, Dedecker D, Van de Peer F, Toye K, et al. (December 2011). "Quality of life and sexual health after sex reassignment surgery in transsexual men".
3852:
1845:
and vaginoplasty, which she hoped would allow her to give birth. However, her body rejected the transplanted uterus, and she died of post-operative complications in
September, at age 48.
6572:
915:
2006:
Fertility is also a factor considered in SRS, as patients are typically informed that if an orchiectomy or oöphoro-hysterectomy is performed, it will make them irreversibly infertile.
4749:
2279:
3183:
4828:
2356:
importance of genital sensitivity in helping transsexual individuals to avoid unnecessary harm or injuries to the genitals, allowing trans men to obtain an erection by inserting a
1372:, which apply before someone can apply for and receive reassignment surgery, including psychological evaluation, and a period of real-life experience living in the desired gender.
6548:
3261:
6469:
932:
6744:
6582:
4916:
Pfäfflin F, Junge A (1998). "Sex reassignment: Thirty years of international follow-up studies after sex reassignment surgery—Comprehensive review 1961–1991". Book
Section.
1169:
2228:
Clinical research on long-term quality-of-life outcomes following surgery is limited and confounded by various factors, including small sample sizes, and baseline rates of
4208:
2048:
and suicide) that occur when the surgically assigned gender does not match the individual's gender identity, which will be realized by the individual only later in life.
2449:
4704:
1987:, and HIV, which can lead to complications with future therapy and pharmacological management. Typical SRS procedures involve complex medication regimens, including
5339:
Selvaggi G, Monstrey S, Ceulemans P, T'Sjoen G, De
Cuypere G, Hoebeke P (April 2007). "Genital sensitivity after sex reassignment surgery in transsexual patients".
2922:
Burton JS, Pfeifauf K, Skolnick GB, Sacks JM, Snyder-Warwick AK (June 2024). "Determinants of Public
Opinion Toward Gender-Affirming Surgery in the United States".
2780:
2580:
5437:
De
Cuypere G, T'Sjoen G, Beerten R, Selvaggi G, De Sutter P, Hoebeke P, et al. (December 2005). "Sexual and physical health after sex reassignment surgery".
2885:""Do Not Ever Refer to My Lord Jesus Christ with Pronouns": Considering Controversies over Religiously Motivated Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity"
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3522:
1034:
409:
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4619:
4497:
2085:
1760:
999:
421:
6651:
6611:
4462:
3822:
1928:
1924:
1004:
974:
1078:
507:
6538:
2032:
1822:
is the first known trans woman to undergo complete male-to-female genital surgery. She was one of several transgender people in the care of sexologist
1661:
1122:
502:
4924:
Monstrey S, Vercruysse Jr H, De Cuypere G (2009). "Is Gender Reassignment Surgery Evidence Based? Recommendation for the Seventh Version of the WPATH
6159:
690:
3220:
2294:
2105:), who has known the patient for over a year. Letters must state that sex reassignment surgery is the correct course of treatment for the patient.
5385:
Hage JJ, Bouman FG, de Graaf FH, Bloem JJ (June 1993). "Construction of the neophallus in female-to-male transsexuals: the Amsterdam experience".
3789:
4891:
4793:
3340:
1919:
ruled in favor of Carola van Kück, a German trans woman whose insurance company denied her reimbursement for sex reassignment surgery as well as
1484:
may undergo one or more feminizing procedures which result in anatomy that is typically gendered female. These include genital surgeries such as
4302:
3844:
2523:
6700:
6439:
5233:"Psychosocial adjustment to sex reassignment surgery: a qualitative examination and personal experiences of six transsexual persons in croatia"
2133:
1164:
5282:
Norton AT, Herek GM (2013). "Heterosexuals' attitudes toward transgender people: findings from a national probability sample of U.S. adults".
1313:
4741:
4377:
4272:
1638:, the sigmoid colon technique or recent non-penile inversion techniques that make use of scrotal tissue to construct the vaginal canal. For
6734:
5617:
1991:, throughout and after surgery. Typically, a patient's treatment involves a healthcare team consisting of a variety of providers including
1759:, which is surgery to the breasts.) However, the meaning of "sex reassignment surgery" has been clarified by the medical organization, the
732:
479:
4820:
3629:
6874:
6117:
6059:
5911:
2627:
2437:
652:
602:
492:
4648:
6869:
6424:
4519:
Diamond M, Sigmundson HK (October 1997). "Management of intersexuality. Guidelines for dealing with persons with ambiguous genitalia".
1149:
6553:
3253:
6429:
5904:
5899:
5589:
2962:
1866:
1784:
There is also Adam's apple enhancement therapy, in which cartilage is used to bring out the Adam's apple in female to male patients.
1616:
1612:
1391:
1375:
1154:
1066:
372:
365:
4608:
2729:
Polly R, Nicole J (January 2011). "Understanding the transsexual patient: culturally sensitive care in emergency nursing practice".
2215:
necessary, was performed on 14 November at a private hospital, since U.S. military hospitals lack the requisite surgical expertise.
2003:
it is unethical to deny surgical or hormonal treatments to transgender people solely on the basis of their HIV or hepatitis status.
893:
6683:
6606:
6434:
6306:
6127:
6002:
5964:
3677:
1159:
1056:
969:
831:
565:
474:
6587:
6524:
3874:
Edgerton MT, Knorr NJ, Callison JR (January 1970). "The surgical treatment of transsexual patients. Limitations and indications".
6695:
3759:
1073:
497:
6365:
3475:
1110:
6409:
6232:
6149:
6007:
5944:
5158:
Lawrence AA (August 2003). "Factors associated with satisfaction or regret following male-to-female sex reassignment surgery".
4677:
2204:
757:
700:
575:
461:
6414:
4472:
4442:
3485:
3420:
3056:
2806:
2712:
2613:
2037:
Infants born with intersex conditions might undergo interventions at or close to birth. This is controversial because of the
4771:
4715:
6321:
3077:"Postoperative Complications following Primary Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty among 330 Male-to-Female Transgender Patients"
846:
642:
6720:
6464:
6094:
6049:
2772:
2572:
1947:
1792:
Reports of people seeking gender-confirming surgery (vaginoplasty) go back to the 2nd century, such as the Roman Emperor
597:
4855:"Systematic review of prospective adult mental health outcomes following affirmative interventions for gender dysphoria"
6481:
6291:
6154:
6084:
5949:
4011:
Bishop BM (December 2015). "Pharmacotherapy Considerations in the Management of Transgender Patients: A Brief Review".
3112:
2200:
2023:
before any intervention, and consent of a parent or guardian or court order is legally required in most jurisdictions.
1144:
816:
685:
680:
444:
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1827:
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2312:
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1306:
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871:
6372:
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5610:
2181:(FTM). For patients to qualify for insurance coverage, certain insurance plans may require proof of the following:
2053:
1117:
1105:
1088:
959:
717:
329:
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1950:
as "an example of an individual who was subjected to sex reassignment surgery without full knowledge or consent".
6831:
6533:
6514:
6509:
6491:
6382:
5887:
3039:
Bellringer J (2017). "Surgery for Bodies Commonly Gendered as Male". In Richards C, Bouman WP, Barker MJ (eds.).
2477:
1720:
1026:
1019:
900:
888:
883:
722:
72:
6039:
3812:
3477:
Magnus Hirschfeld and the Quest for Sexual Freedom: A History of the First International Sexual Freedom Movement
514:
6705:
6404:
6237:
6112:
2483:
1916:
1763:(WPATH), to include any of a larger number of surgical procedures performed as part of a medical treatment for
1346:
1139:
1083:
927:
762:
647:
388:
3917:
Hoopes JE, Knorr NJ, Wolf SR (November 1968). "Transsexualism: considerations regarding sexual reassignment".
6826:
6811:
6633:
6596:
6419:
6377:
6204:
5882:
5629:
2145:
1849:
1406:
1244:
1129:
991:
944:
340:
62:
25:
6474:
2546:
1873:. Phalloplasty is a cosmetic procedure that produces a visual penis out of grafted tissue from the patient.
937:
6567:
6562:
6399:
6387:
6186:
5860:
4609:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People (Version 7)"
4412:
2290:
2196:
2062:
1781:) or tracheal shaving is a procedure in which the most prominent part of the thyroid cartilage is reduced.
1774:
Voice feminizing surgery is a procedure in which the overall pitch range of the patients voice is reduced.
1299:
1134:
910:
905:
727:
310:
1957:
The early history of sex reassignment surgery in transgender people has been reviewed by various authors.
6688:
6601:
6459:
6099:
5959:
5603:
2963:"Rand Paul tried to derail Rachel Levine's historic confirmation hearing with transphobic misinformation"
2061:
shame and stigma. Diamond considered the intersex condition as a difference of sex development, not as a
1830:. In 1922, Richter underwent orchiectomy. In early 1931, a penectomy, followed in June by vaginoplasty.
1728:
1513:
1467:
1174:
1061:
922:
667:
469:
381:
5101:"Long-term follow-up of transsexual persons undergoing sex reassignment surgery: cohort study in Sweden"
3229:
1656:
people often pursue genital surgeries, including the same operations as binary trans people of the same
6801:
6628:
6392:
6226:
6166:
6107:
6024:
5934:
5877:
5758:
2428:
men. Moreover, trans men also had a lower sexual satisfaction with their sexual life than trans women.
2248:
although the design of the survey and self-reported responses introduced some limitations and possible
1920:
1517:
1410:
1234:
986:
954:
949:
751:
705:
637:
487:
451:
335:
200:
4802:
3785:
3332:
6621:
6132:
4235:"Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents"
3652:"'Monstro, prostituta, bichinha': como a Justiça condenou a 1ª cirurgia de mudança de sexo do Brasil"
3222:
Clarification on Medical Necessity of Treatment, Sex Reassignment, and Insurance Coverage in the U.S.
2519:
2236:
979:
710:
415:
5494:
4554:
Diamond M, Beh HG (January 2008). "Changes in the management of children with intersex conditions".
2678:
6017:
5201:
Karpel L, Cordier B (2013). "Postoperative regrets after sex reassignment surgery: A case report".
2089:
1527:
570:
542:
2286:
2141:
6171:
5845:
5655:
4368:
4234:
3134:
Coleman E, Radix AE, Bouman WP, Brown GR, de Vries AL, Deutsch MB, et al. (19 August 2022).
2488:
2244:
2235:
A 2020 meta-analysis found "evidence of low quality" that gender-affirming surgery, particularly
1342:
287:
97:
5480:
Lawrence AA (April 2005). "Sexuality before and after male-to-female sex reassignment surgery".
1743:
The best known of gender-affirming are those that reshape the genitals, which are also known as
6034:
5489:
4100:
Bizic MR, Jeftovic M, Pusica S, Stojanovic B, Duisin D, Vujovic S, et al. (13 June 2018).
3621:
1481:
1334:
695:
592:
296:
4366:
2992:"Breaking down barriers and binaries in trans healthcare: the validation of non-binary people"
2603:
6786:
6616:
6181:
5984:
5916:
4892:"Fact-checking Rand Paul's comparisons of genital mutilation and gender confirmation surgery"
4678:"APA Policy Statement Transgender, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression Non-Discrimination"
4652:
4057:
Hage JJ (January 1995). "Medical requirements and consequences of sex reassignment surgery".
3075:
Gaither TW, Awad MA, Osterberg EC, Murphy GP, Romero A, Bowers ML, et al. (March 2018).
2493:
2471:
2211:
2038:
2033:
Sex assignment § Assignment in cases of infants with intersex traits, or cases of trauma
1219:
614:
404:
4437:. Bowden, South Australia: Fast Lane (imprint of East Street Publications. pp. 95–100.
4294:
2255:
A 2021 review found that less than 1% of 7,928 patients regretted gender-affirming surgery.
1939:
6836:
6054:
6012:
5977:
5954:
5662:
5112:
2335:
psychological functioning and comorbidities, sexual function and overall quality of life."
2057:
1858:
may have been the first U.S. surgeon to perform gender affirmation surgery, in about 1950.
1841:, and penectomy. In June 1931, she underwent her fourth surgery, including an experimental
1778:
1712:
1695:
1596:
1531:
1289:
587:
537:
527:
104:
1405:
In addition to gender-affirming surgery, patients may need to follow a lifelong course of
8:
6766:
6352:
6311:
6144:
4623:
4532:
4433:
Boyle GJ (2005). "The scandal of genital mutilation surgery on infants". In May L (ed.).
3962:"Demographic and temporal trends in transgender identities and gender confirming surgery"
2365:
1988:
1877:
1732:
1501:
1387:
1199:
1098:
836:
607:
67:
5116:
5099:
Dhejne C, Lichtenstein P, Boman M, Johansson AL, Långström N, Landén M (February 2011).
3681:
2649:
2084:(SOC). The most widespread SOC in this field is published and frequently revised by the
6848:
6806:
6501:
6451:
5926:
5678:
5562:
5515:
5462:
5364:
5352:
5299:
5259:
5232:
5183:
5135:
5100:
4998:
4945:
4589:
4490:"Sexual Identity, Monozygotic Twins Reared in Discordant Sex Roles and a BBC Follow-Up"
4349:
4264:
4177:
4152:
4128:
4101:
4082:
4036:
3988:
3961:
3942:
3899:
3426:
3385:
3309:
3284:
3160:
3135:
3104:
3016:
2991:
2865:
2754:
2074:
1842:
1838:
1265:
1239:
120:
5398:
3744:
3380:
3363:
3136:"Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8"
1865:, a plastic surgeon active in World War II, worked to develop the first technique for
6280:
6274:
6198:
6064:
5818:
5683:
5649:
5554:
5507:
5454:
5402:
5356:
5264:
5175:
5140:
5081:
5077:
5033:
5029:
4990:
4986:
4872:
4581:
4536:
4468:
4438:
4402:
4341:
4256:
4182:
4133:
4074:
4028:
3993:
3934:
3930:
3891:
3887:
3726:
3722:
3587:
3491:
3481:
3430:
3416:
3389:
3314:
3165:
3096:
3052:
3021:
2943:
2904:
2869:
2857:
2746:
2708:
2619:
2609:
1823:
1653:
1566:
805:
799:
260:
125:
91:
5566:
5519:
5466:
5368:
5303:
5002:
4949:
4684:
4593:
4268:
4086:
4040:
3946:
3903:
3108:
1808:, an American tuberculosis specialist, became one of the first trans men to undergo
6139:
5855:
5546:
5499:
5446:
5394:
5348:
5291:
5254:
5244:
5210:
5187:
5167:
5130:
5120:
5073:
5025:
4982:
4937:
4862:
4571:
4563:
4528:
4353:
4333:
4246:
4172:
4164:
4123:
4113:
4066:
4020:
3983:
3973:
3926:
3883:
3718:
3408:
3375:
3304:
3296:
3155:
3147:
3088:
3044:
3011:
3003:
2939:
2931:
2896:
2847:
2758:
2738:
2102:
2020:
2016:
1946:
person against a surgeon for non-consensual surgical intervention described by the
1764:
1635:
1535:
1399:
1333:
procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a person's physical appearance and
657:
303:
4867:
4854:
3151:
3007:
1419:
became the first country in the world to allow transgender people to change their
6328:
6296:
6286:
5867:
5688:
5637:
5125:
4795:
AMA Resolution 122 "Removing Financial Barriers to Care for Transgender Patients"
4779:
3571:
3300:
3048:
2742:
1891:
developed a new surgical technique, which he used in surgeries for more than 500
1704:
1509:
1179:
853:
821:
811:
348:
130:
84:
5214:
3651:
2232:
issues and suicide among transgender people compared to the general population.
1530:
seeking surgery may undergo one or more masculinizing procedures, which include
1378:
are surgeries that result in anatomy that is typically gendered female, such as
6776:
6252:
6247:
4458:
4070:
3452:
3412:
3092:
2357:
2185:
a written initial assessment by a qualified licensed mental health professional
2049:
1899:
1862:
1724:
1667:
Genital surgery may also involve other medically necessary procedures, such as
1657:
1647:
1585:
1547:
1505:
1209:
777:
772:
319:
5550:
5503:
5450:
5295:
5171:
4941:
4401:
3745:"European Court of Human Rights – Third Section – Case of Van Kück v. Germany"
6863:
6333:
6316:
6301:
6262:
6044:
5972:
5673:
4876:
3817:
3544:
3495:
2908:
2623:
2249:
2229:
1992:
858:
841:
826:
787:
580:
522:
115:
5717:
5535:
3978:
3076:
1642:, genital reconstruction may involve construction of a penis through either
159:
6268:
6029:
5939:
5824:
5707:
5558:
5511:
5458:
5360:
5268:
5179:
5144:
5085:
5037:
4994:
4585:
4260:
4251:
4186:
4168:
4137:
4118:
4032:
3997:
3730:
3318:
3169:
3100:
3025:
2947:
2935:
2861:
2750:
2461:
2361:
2178:
1888:
1870:
1819:
1809:
1805:
1716:
1643:
1631:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1493:
1420:
1395:
1379:
1277:
793:
456:
398:
266:
149:
5792:
5406:
5249:
4567:
4540:
4345:
4337:
4078:
3938:
3895:
1848:
A previous sex reassignment surgery (SRS) patient was Magnus Hirschfeld's
1394:
are those that result in anatomy that is typically gendered male, such as
234:
6122:
5994:
5832:
5813:
5787:
5743:
5724:
5626:
4367:
United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (2015).
4200:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2082:
Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People
1999:
1892:
1813:
1768:
1676:
1668:
1627:
1589:
1581:
1497:
1489:
1477:
1471:
1423:
after "reassignment surgery" and provide free hormone treatment in 1972.
1383:
662:
560:
274:
255:
229:
185:
166:
33:
3813:"Why transgender people are being sterilized in some European countries"
1595:
Gender-affirming surgery is often sensationalized and misrepresented by
6257:
5763:
5748:
4576:
2900:
2520:"Sweden has been named the most LGBTQ+ friendly country for travellers"
1855:
1793:
1708:
1692:
782:
205:
190:
4024:
2852:
2835:
6843:
6676:
6242:
5782:
5737:
5702:
5668:
5595:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2409:
1904:
1837:
underwent four sex reassignment surgeries, including orchiectomy, an
1834:
1672:
1639:
1577:
1523:
1485:
1435:
Gender-affirming surgery is known by numerous other names, including
1424:
1350:
1260:
1049:
767:
224:
179:
144:
110:
6089:
5436:
5338:
1687:
6781:
5798:
5775:
3364:"The trans-formation of gender confirming surgery: a brief history"
2370:
1980:
1943:
1330:
1214:
240:
217:
5018:
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
3403:
Goldberg AE, Beemyn G, eds. (2021). "Ancient and Medieval Times".
1979:
Some transgender persons present with health conditions including
1880:
performed Brazil's first male-to-female gender-affirming surgery.
1869:, producing a technique that has become a modern standard, called
5805:
5731:
5696:
4705:"NASW Policy Statement on Transgender and Gender Identity Issues"
3607:
How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States
2455:
2374:
2364:, the ability for transsexual people to experience erogenous and
1555:
247:
173:
138:
5098:
5063:
4406:
3707:
6771:
5769:
5584:
5230:
4923:
4742:"New Report Shows Where It's Illegal To Be Transgender In 2020"
3783:
2381:
2380:
Erogenous sensitivity is measured by the capabilities to reach
1984:
1416:
1338:
1204:
211:
5712:
5015:
4153:"The Evolving Role of Pharmacists in Transgender Health Care"
4099:
2132:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1546:(removal of the ovaries). A penis can be constructed through
1413:
hormone replacement therapy to support the endocrine system.
154:
6791:
5753:
4323:
4205:
WPATH World Professional Association for Transgender Health
4102:"Gender Dysphoria: Bioethical Aspects of Medical Treatment"
3285:"Patient Satisfaction after Aesthetic Chondrolaryngoplasty"
3283:
Cohen MB, Insalaco LF, Tonn CR, Spiegel JH (October 2018).
2921:
2450:
Baptist Medical Center sex reassignment surgery controversy
2045:
1884:
1735:
are also aesthetic components of their surgical treatment.
1463:
refer to surgeries on the chest and genitals respectively.
1224:
195:
3074:
6796:
3184:"What Do I Need to Know About the Transitioning Process?"
1903:
conjunction with phalloplasty to produce a larger, more "
1466:
Some transgender people who desire medical assistance to
1229:
4852:
4772:"Health Insurance Discrimination for Transgender People"
4556:
Nature Clinical Practice. Endocrinology & Metabolism
3282:
2258:
2026:
5384:
4971:
4853:
Shelemy L, Cotton S, Crane C, Knight M (3 April 2024).
4699:
4697:
4672:
4670:
3837:
3133:
1664:
commented that he had never received a request for it.
6018:
Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism
4651:. Tssurgeryguide.com. 17 December 2003. Archived from
3573:
Man into Woman: an authentic record of a change of sex
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
2705:
The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism
2605:
Traversing Gender: Understanding Transgender Realities
1427:
followed soon after in 1973, being the first in Asia.
4821:"Pentagon to pay for surgery for transgender soldier"
4620:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
3873:
3188:
Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA)
2807:"Trans People Are Seeking Nonbinary Bottom Surgeries"
2086:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
1816:
as treatment of what is now called gender dysphoria.
1761:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health
1570:
typically pursued by people assigned male at birth.
4694:
4667:
4464:
As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl
3254:"Voice feminizing therapy and surgery – Mayo Clinic"
2191:
months of prior physician-supervised hormone therapy
1925:
Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights
1455:, though this term is usually considered offensive.
1368:
Professional medical organizations have established
1349:, although many such treatments are also pursued by
5226:
5224:
3786:"SOGI Casebook Introduction, Chapter six: Intersex"
3206:
2373:hood and the clitoris underneath the reconstructed
1898:Following phalloplasty, in 1999, the procedure for
1337:to resemble those associated with their identified
5432:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5231:Jokić-Begić N, Lauri Korajlija A, Jurin T (2014).
3703:
3701:
3699:
1353:and non-intersex individuals. It is also known as
5531:
5529:
5321:. New York, NY, U.S.: Springer. pp. 319–330.
5319:Gender Dysphoria and Disorders of Sex Development
4518:
2773:"Gender-Affirming Surgery: Masculinizing Options"
2218:
6861:
5722:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5221:
4812:
4521:Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
164:
5413:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5047:
4848:
4846:
3916:
3696:
3289:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
3070:
3068:
2985:
2983:
5526:
4405:, Commissioner for Human Rights (April 2015),
4370:Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex
3480:(1st ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
3442:
3440:
3402:
2829:
2827:
2595:
1630:, genital reconstruction usually involves the
5611:
5325:
5200:
4915:
4712:National Association of Social Workers (NASW)
4408:Human rights and intersex people, Issue Paper
3959:
3752:Österreichisches Institut für Menschenrechtet
2777:Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)
2130:The examples and perspective in this section
1307:
16:Surgical procedures to affirm gender identity
5380:
5378:
5044:
4883:
4843:
4786:
4317:
4052:
4050:
3502:
3065:
2980:
2836:"Gender-Affirming Care for Cisgender People"
2800:
2798:
2424:had a lower level of sexual satisfaction to
2188:persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria
2009:
1942:won the first successful case brought by an
1715:(the shaping of a male-contoured chest), or
5281:
4859:International Journal of Transgender Health
4150:
3910:
3867:
3576:. London: Jarrold Publisher's. p. 128.
3437:
3140:International Journal of Transgender Health
2996:The International Journal of Transgenderism
2833:
2824:
2728:
2438:Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare
1341:. The phrase is most often associated with
5618:
5604:
4606:
4553:
3604:
3586:
3038:
2601:
2148:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2044:There can be negative outcomes (including
1852:, but their name has not been discovered.
1314:
1300:
5493:
5375:
5258:
5248:
5134:
5124:
4866:
4607:Weber-Main AM (July 2012). Fall H (ed.).
4575:
4457:
4250:
4176:
4127:
4117:
4047:
3987:
3977:
3919:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
3379:
3355:
3308:
3159:
3015:
2960:
2851:
2795:
2608:. Mystic Productions Press. p. 287.
2313:Learn how and when to remove this message
2164:Learn how and when to remove this message
1974:
1617:Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male)
1613:Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female)
5479:
5316:
5157:
4232:
3960:Nolan IT, Kuhner CJ, Dy GW (June 2019).
3609:. Harvard University Press. p. 214.
3361:
2565:
1686:
1576:can also refer to operations pursued by
4930:International Journal of Transgenderism
4918:International Journal of Transgenderism
4889:
4764:
4487:
4360:
3473:
2989:
2882:
2551:National Library Board (NLB) eResources
2327:International Journal of Transgenderism
1738:
6862:
5945:Legal recognition of non-binary gender
5625:
4010:
3508:
3405:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Trans Studies
3333:"Facial Masculinization Surgery (FMS)"
2205:National Association of Social Workers
1907:-appearing" penis in multiple stages.
1606:
1599:activists through terminology such as
1500:(construction of a vulva), as well as
5599:
4467:. Sydney: Harper Collins Publishers.
4432:
3825:from the original on 1 September 2017
3784:International Commission of Jurists.
3619:
3569:
2702:
2538:
2416:had a similar sexual satisfaction to
2259:Psychological and social consequences
2027:Intersex children and cases of trauma
1923:. The legal arguments related to the
1895:in Brazil and from around the world.
1470:from one sex to another identify as "
4818:
4533:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170470080015
4415:from the original on 21 January 2022
4305:from the original on 2 November 2013
4056:
3855:from the original on 22 October 2020
3810:
3777:
2804:
2722:
2696:
2577:American Society of Plastic Surgeons
2544:
2526:from the original on 22 January 2022
2280:research paper or scientific journal
2262:
2116:
2068:
1755:(the latter is named in contrast to
4739:
4512:
4500:from the original on 30 August 2019
4395:
4214:from the original on 14 August 2015
3966:Translational Andrology and Urology
3756:Austrian Institute for Human Rights
1969:
1948:International Commission of Jurists
1707:. For trans men, these may include
1588:, or testicular implants following
349:Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy
13:
6875:Surgical procedures and techniques
5353:10.1097/01.sap.0000238428.91834.be
4778:. 26 February 2009. Archived from
4752:from the original on 30 April 2021
4481:
4151:Redfern JS, Jann MW (April 2019).
3876:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
3592:Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft
3525:from the original on 21 April 2016
3115:from the original on 11 March 2022
3041:Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders
2783:from the original on 25 April 2022
2731:Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal
2630:from the original on 16 March 2020
2223:
2201:American Psychological Association
1682:
1621:
14:
6886:
6870:Gender transitioning and medicine
5577:
4831:from the original on 30 July 2020
4383:from the original on 4 March 2016
4275:from the original on 19 July 2019
3765:from the original on 9 March 2021
3446:
3381:10.1097/01.JU.0000555394.71572.8e
2583:from the original on 12 June 2020
2467:Healthcare and the LGBT community
1632:surgical construction of a vagina
6842:
5583:
5078:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02348.x
5030:10.1097/00004583-200104000-00017
4987:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03625.x
3931:10.1097/00005053-196811000-00007
3888:10.1097/00006534-197001000-00006
3723:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01065.x
3343:from the original on 23 May 2021
3264:from the original on 23 May 2021
2961:Birenbaum G (25 February 2021).
2834:Schall TE, Moses JD (May 2023).
2547:"First sex reassignment surgery"
2412:individuals of the same gender,
2267:
2121:
2054:John A. Burns School of Medicine
1931:. This affair is referred to as
1777:Adam's apple reduction surgery (
1451:. It is also sometimes called a
1362:
1284:
1283:
1271:
1259:
410:Assisted reproductive technology
5473:
5310:
5275:
5194:
5151:
5092:
5009:
4965:
4956:
4909:
4733:
4641:
4600:
4547:
4451:
4426:
4287:
4226:
4193:
4144:
4093:
4004:
3953:
3804:
3792:from the original on 7 May 2019
3737:
3680:. 22 March 2014. Archived from
3670:
3644:
3632:from the original on 5 May 2019
3613:
3598:
3580:
3563:
3537:
3467:
3407:. SAGE Publishing. p. 32.
3396:
3362:Smith S, Han J (1 April 2019).
3325:
3276:
3246:
3194:from the original on 5 May 2019
3176:
3127:
3032:
2954:
2915:
2876:
2679:"Glossary of Transgender Terms"
2573:"Gender Confirmation Surgeries"
2431:
1910:
1799:
1721:bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
6243:Cisgender / cissexual
6238:Childhood gender nonconformity
5066:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
4714:. August 2008 . Archived from
4059:Medicine, Science, and the Law
3711:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
3511:"The tragic true story behind
3043:. Springer. pp. 247–263.
2883:McClain LC (27 January 2023).
2765:
2671:
2642:
2512:
2484:Sexual and reproductive health
2219:Post-procedural considerations
1917:European Court of Human Rights
1749:genital reconstruction surgery
1430:
1347:intersex medical interventions
768:Cisgender / cissexual
763:Childhood gender nonconformity
389:Facial masculinization surgery
1:
6812:Social construction of gender
5399:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)36416-9
4868:10.1080/26895269.2024.2333525
4488:Diamond M (6 November 2009).
4435:Transgenders and Intersexuals
4106:BioMed Research International
3474:Mancini E (8 November 2010).
3152:10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644
3008:10.1080/15532739.2018.1534075
2707:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
2658:Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
2522:. Trafalgar.com. 1 May 2009.
2505:
1960:
1828:Institute for Sexual Research
1711:(removal of the breasts) and
1245:Social construction of gender
6292:Gender-sexuality questioning
5126:10.1371/journal.pone.0016885
4295:"Gender dysphoria treatment"
3509:Harrod H (8 December 2015).
3301:10.1097/GOX.0000000000001877
3049:10.1057/978-1-137-51053-2_12
2805:Baum SE (14 November 2022).
2743:10.1097/TME.0b013e3182080ef4
2478:O'Donnabhain v. Commissioner
2350:
2243:A secondary analysis of the
2197:American Medical Association
2112:
1745:genital reassignment surgery
1691:Transgender man with healed
1496:(construction of a vagina),
1492:(removal of the testicles),
817:Gender-sexuality questioning
7:
5482:Archives of Sexual Behavior
5439:Archives of Sexual Behavior
5215:10.1016/j.sexol.2012.08.014
5160:Archives of Sexual Behavior
4819:Kube C (14 November 2017).
4233:Rafferty J (October 2018).
2889:Journal of Law and Religion
2602:Harrington L (1 May 2016).
2442:
2210:In 2017, the United States
2144:, discuss the issue on the
1921:hormone replacement therapy
1729:facial feminization surgery
1514:facial feminization surgery
1449:gender confirmation surgery
1445:gender reassignment surgery
1359:gender confirmation surgery
382:Facial feminization surgery
10:
6891:
6227:Androphilia and gynephilia
5935:Gender self-identification
4890:Millman A (4 March 2021).
4071:10.1177/002580249503500105
3413:10.4135/9781544393858.n188
3093:10.1016/j.juro.2017.10.013
2840:The Hastings Center Report
2435:
2072:
2030:
1787:
1610:
1601:genital-mutilation surgery
1518:voice feminization surgery
1437:gender-affirmation surgery
752:Androphilia and gynephilia
452:Gender self-identification
6822:
6757:
6733:
6500:
6450:
6351:
6344:
6214:
6075:
6003:Against non-binary people
5993:
5925:
5843:
5684:Non-binary or genderqueer
5636:
5551:10.1007/s11136-013-0497-3
5504:10.1007/s10508-005-1793-y
5451:10.1007/s10508-005-7926-5
5341:Annals of Plastic Surgery
5296:10.1007/s11199-011-0110-6
5237:TheScientificWorldJournal
4942:10.1080/15532730903383799
4649:"WPATH Standards of Care"
3811:M.H. (1 September 2017).
3658:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
3620:Roach M (18 March 2007).
2990:Vincent B (3 July 2019).
2553:. Government of Singapore
2545:Chan MC (4 August 2011).
2010:Gender dysphoric children
1727:). For some trans women,
1542:(removal of the uterus),
1392:masculinization surgeries
126:Non-binary or genderqueer
5590:Gender-affirming surgery
5539:Quality of Life Research
2500:
2295:overly technical phrases
2287:help improve the section
2090:psychological evaluation
1723:(removal of ovaries and
1574:Gender-affirming surgery
1528:assigned female at birth
1488:(removal of the penis),
1441:sex reassignment surgery
1355:sex reassignment surgery
1327:Gender-affirming surgery
571:Parental rights movement
480:Political office-holders
359:Gender-affirming surgery
6128:Non-binary People's Day
6008:Against transgender men
5723:
5656:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai
5172:10.1023/A:1024086814364
4301:. U.K. 3 October 2018.
4299:National Health Service
3979:10.21037/tau.2019.04.09
3228:, WPATH, archived from
2489:Transgender health care
2245:U.S. Transgender Survey
1833:Between 1930 and 1931,
1343:transgender health care
165:
98:Bissu, Calabai, Calalai
6849:Transgender portal
6802:Sex–gender distinction
6269:Gender detransitioning
6085:Anatomical terminology
5387:The Journal of Urology
4975:Clinical Endocrinology
4252:10.1542/peds.2018-2162
4169:10.1089/trgh.2018.0038
3845:"A Really High Hurdle"
3368:The Journal of Urology
3081:The Journal of Urology
2936:10.1089/trgh.2022.0119
2683:Johns Hopkins Medicine
2332:Clinical Endocrinology
1975:Medical considerations
1699:
1482:assigned male at birth
1376:Feminization surgeries
1335:sexual characteristics
1266:Transgender portal
1235:Sex–gender distinction
794:Gender detransitioning
681:Anatomical terminology
6787:Queer heterosexuality
6307:Rapid-onset dysphoria
5985:Yogyakarta Principles
4776:Human Rights Campaign
4568:10.1038/ncpendmet0694
4494:University of Hawaiʻi
4338:10.1542/peds.102.1.e9
3758:]. 12 June 2003.
3605:Meyerowitz J (2002).
3570:Hoyer N, ed. (1933).
2494:Yogyakarta Principles
2472:Morphological freedom
2325:A 2009 review in the
2212:Defense Health Agency
1915:On 12 June 2003, the
1731:, hair implants, and
1690:
1220:Queer heterosexuality
832:Rapid-onset dysphoria
615:Yogyakarta Principles
6281:Gender transitioning
6233:Blanchard's typology
6155:fictional characters
6013:Anti-gender movement
5965:Rights organizations
5592:at Wikimedia Commons
4782:on 26 February 2009.
4690:on 11 February 2009.
4629:on 20 September 2012
4119:10.1155/2018/9652305
3622:"Girls Will Be Boys"
3337:Constructive Surgery
3235:on 30 September 2011
3146:(Suppl 1): S1–S259.
2237:chest reconstruction
2142:improve this section
2058:University of Hawaii
1779:chondrolaryngoplasty
1739:Scope and procedures
1713:Chest reconstruction
1696:chest reconstruction
1532:chest reconstruction
806:Gender transitioning
758:Blanchard's typology
686:Fictional characters
632:Events and awareness
538:Anti-gender movement
6767:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
6100:LGBTQ-related films
6077:Society and culture
5317:Bockting W (2014).
5250:10.1155/2014/960745
5117:2011PLoSO...616885D
4655:on 1 September 2014
4201:"Standards of Care"
3551:. 10 September 2015
3455:on 18 December 2019
3449:"Trans Media Watch"
2366:tactile sensitivity
2289:by rewriting it in
1998:People with HIV or
1989:sex hormone therapy
1933:van Kück vs Germany
1804:In the US in 1917,
1733:breast augmentation
1607:Surgical procedures
1502:breast augmentation
1388:breast augmentation
1200:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
745:Theory and concepts
627:Society and culture
608:Trans panic defense
6807:Sexual orientation
6113:Day of Remembrance
5290:(11–12): 738–753.
4157:Transgender Health
3849:Human Rights Watch
3626:The New York Times
2924:Transgender Health
2901:10.1017/jlr.2023.1
2291:encyclopedic style
2278:is written like a
2195:In June 2008, the
2075:Transgender rights
1940:Christiane Völling
1867:female-to-male SRS
1843:uterine transplant
1839:ovarian transplant
1700:
1567:non-binary genders
1508:(reduction of the
1240:Sexual orientation
1079:Disenfranchisement
648:Day of Remembrance
549:trans-exclusionary
34:Transgender topics
6857:
6856:
6753:
6752:
6275:Gender expression
6118:Day of Visibility
5639:Gender identities
5588:Media related to
5072:(12): 3379–3388.
4926:Standards of Care
4527:(10): 1046–1050.
4474:978-0-7322-7433-7
4444:978-0-9751145-4-4
4403:Council of Europe
4025:10.1002/phar.1668
4019:(12): 1130–1139.
3851:. 19 March 2019.
3487:978-0-230-11439-5
3422:978-1-5443-9381-0
3058:978-1-137-51052-5
2853:10.1002/hast.1486
2714:978-1-4408-3127-0
2703:Bevan TE (2014).
2615:978-1-942733-83-6
2330:meta-analysis in
2323:
2322:
2315:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2069:Standards of care
1893:transgender women
1824:Magnus Hirschfeld
1370:Standards of Care
1324:
1323:
1170:elected officials
800:Gender expression
653:Day of Visibility
462:Non-binary gender
428:Standards of Care
85:Gender identities
6882:
6847:
6846:
6724:
6591:
6557:
6528:
6478:
6396:
6369:
6349:
6348:
6283:
6271:
6229:
6150:Media portrayals
6078:
5856:Gender dysphoria
5849:
5728:
5640:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5597:
5596:
5587:
5571:
5570:
5533:
5524:
5523:
5497:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5434:
5411:
5410:
5393:(6): 1463–1468.
5382:
5373:
5372:
5336:
5323:
5322:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5262:
5252:
5228:
5219:
5218:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5138:
5128:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5061:
5042:
5041:
5013:
5007:
5006:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4921:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4870:
4850:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4808:on 27 March 2009
4807:
4801:, archived from
4800:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4721:on 15 March 2023
4720:
4709:
4701:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4683:. Archived from
4682:
4674:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4622:. Archived from
4613:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4579:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4382:
4375:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4254:
4245:(4): e20182162.
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4213:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4180:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4131:
4121:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4054:
4045:
4044:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3991:
3981:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3749:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3717:(5): 1306–1313.
3705:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3684:on 22 March 2014
3678:"}} Revista Tpm"
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3451:. Archived from
3444:
3435:
3434:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3383:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3227:
3217:
3204:
3203:
3201:
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3180:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3002:(2–3): 132–137.
2987:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2942: 11299100.
2919:
2913:
2912:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2855:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2516:
2318:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2271:
2270:
2263:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2103:gender dysphoria
2021:gender dysphoria
2017:puberty blockers
1993:endocrinologists
1970:Prior to surgery
1765:gender dysphoria
1662:James Bellringer
1636:penile inversion
1580:people, such as
1565:As knowledge of
1536:breast reduction
1400:breast reduction
1316:
1309:
1302:
1287:
1286:
1278:LGBTQ portal
1276:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1114:
941:
808:
796:
754:
701:Media portrayals
554:
553:
552:radical feminism
550:
546:
498:Military service
430:
418:
401:
391:
384:
375:
368:
361:
351:
332:
322:
313:
306:
304:Gender dysphoria
299:
170:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
21:
20:
6890:
6889:
6885:
6884:
6883:
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6858:
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6749:
6736:
6729:
6718:
6585:
6551:
6522:
6496:
6472:
6446:
6390:
6363:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6329:Transmedicalism
6297:Gender variance
6287:Gender identity
6279:
6267:
6225:
6216:
6210:
6076:
6071:
5989:
5960:Rights movement
5921:
5873:Hormone therapy
5868:Puberty blocker
5844:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5689:Gender fluidity
5638:
5632:
5624:
5580:
5575:
5574:
5534:
5527:
5495:10.1.1.538.6381
5478:
5474:
5435:
5414:
5383:
5376:
5337:
5326:
5315:
5311:
5280:
5276:
5229:
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5199:
5195:
5156:
5152:
5097:
5093:
5062:
5045:
5014:
5010:
4970:
4966:
4962:Monstrey et al.
4961:
4957:
4914:
4910:
4900:
4898:
4888:
4884:
4851:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4817:
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4787:
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4769:
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4753:
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4703:
4702:
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4687:
4680:
4676:
4675:
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4630:
4626:
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4605:
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4503:
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4217:
4215:
4211:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4149:
4145:
4098:
4094:
4055:
4048:
4013:Pharmacotherapy
4009:
4005:
3958:
3954:
3915:
3911:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3828:
3826:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3782:
3778:
3768:
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3762:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3706:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3656:BBC News Brasil
3650:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3599:
3585:
3581:
3568:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3513:The Danish Girl
3507:
3503:
3488:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3445:
3438:
3423:
3401:
3397:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3037:
3033:
2988:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2959:
2955:
2920:
2916:
2881:
2877:
2832:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2803:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2727:
2723:
2715:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2650:"Definition of
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2616:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2353:
2319:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2284:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2226:
2224:Quality of life
2221:
2170:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2139:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2077:
2071:
2035:
2029:
2012:
1977:
1972:
1963:
1927:as well as the
1913:
1802:
1790:
1741:
1725:fallopian tubes
1705:gender identity
1693:double incision
1685:
1683:Other surgeries
1624:
1622:Genital surgery
1619:
1611:Main articles:
1609:
1433:
1320:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1108:
1102:
1095:
935:
880:
874:
864:
863:
854:Transmedicalism
822:Gender variance
812:Gender identity
804:
792:
750:
746:
738:
737:
677:
672:
643:Beauty pageants
634:
628:
620:
619:
576:Transgender men
551:
548:
545:Gender-critical
544:
543:
534:
484:
470:Rights movement
466:
447:
436:
435:
426:
414:
397:
394:
387:
380:
371:
364:
357:
354:
347:
330:Hormone therapy
328:
325:
318:
309:
302:
295:
291:
280:
279:
131:Gender fluidity
87:
77:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6888:
6878:
6877:
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6823:
6820:
6819:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6777:Gender studies
6774:
6769:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6741:
6739:
6737:office-holders
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6703:
6693:
6692:
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6684:United Kingdom
6681:
6680:
6679:
6671:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6649:
6641:
6636:
6631:
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6625:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6599:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6573:2016 bill C-16
6565:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6517:
6506:
6504:
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6479:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6448:
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6443:
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6432:
6430:United Kingdom
6427:
6422:
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6397:
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6380:
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6314:
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6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6277:
6272:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6253:Cross-dressing
6250:
6248:Cisnormativity
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
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6220:
6218:
6212:
6211:
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6157:
6147:
6142:
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6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6108:Awareness Week
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6025:Asylum seekers
6022:
6021:
6020:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5995:Discrimination
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5973:bathroom bills
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5931:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
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5908:
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5902:
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5644:
5642:
5634:
5633:
5623:
5622:
5615:
5608:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5579:
5578:External links
5576:
5573:
5572:
5545:(2): 669–676.
5525:
5488:(2): 147–166.
5472:
5445:(6): 679–690.
5412:
5374:
5347:(4): 427–433.
5324:
5309:
5274:
5220:
5209:(2): e55–e58.
5193:
5166:(4): 299–315.
5150:
5091:
5043:
5024:(4): 472–481.
5008:
4981:(2): 214–231.
4964:
4955:
4936:(3): 206–214.
4908:
4882:
4842:
4811:
4785:
4763:
4732:
4693:
4666:
4640:
4599:
4546:
4511:
4480:
4473:
4450:
4443:
4425:
4394:
4359:
4316:
4286:
4225:
4192:
4163:(1): 118–130.
4143:
4092:
4046:
4003:
3972:(3): 184–190.
3952:
3925:(5): 510–516.
3909:
3866:
3836:
3803:
3776:
3736:
3695:
3669:
3643:
3612:
3597:
3579:
3562:
3536:
3501:
3486:
3466:
3436:
3421:
3395:
3354:
3324:
3275:
3245:
3205:
3175:
3126:
3087:(3): 760–765.
3064:
3057:
3031:
2979:
2953:
2930:(3): 241–253.
2914:
2875:
2823:
2794:
2764:
2721:
2713:
2695:
2670:
2641:
2614:
2594:
2564:
2537:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2436:Main article:
2433:
2430:
2358:penile implant
2352:
2349:
2321:
2320:
2275:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2172:
2171:
2136:of the subject
2134:worldwide view
2129:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2070:
2067:
2050:Milton Diamond
2041:implications.
2031:Main article:
2028:
2025:
2011:
2008:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1912:
1909:
1900:metoidioplasty
1878:Roberto Farina
1863:Harold Gillies
1801:
1798:
1789:
1786:
1753:bottom surgery
1740:
1737:
1684:
1681:
1658:sex assignment
1648:metoidioplasty
1634:, by means of
1623:
1620:
1608:
1605:
1586:penile implant
1548:metoidioplasty
1520:among others.
1506:tracheal shave
1461:bottom surgery
1432:
1429:
1361:, and several
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1281:
1280:
1268:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:Gender studies
1207:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1175:Cafeteria riot
1172:
1167:
1157:
1155:United Kingdom
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1057:United Kingdom
1054:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1002:
994:
989:
984:
983:
982:
977:
972:
964:
963:
962:
957:
952:
942:
930:
925:
920:
919:
918:
908:
903:
898:
897:
896:
891:
876:
875:
870:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
856:
851:
850:
849:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
802:
797:
790:
785:
780:
778:Cross-dressing
775:
773:Cisnormativity
770:
765:
760:
755:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
714:
713:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
638:Awareness Week
630:
629:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
612:
611:
610:
605:
595:
590:
585:
584:
583:
578:
573:
568:
561:Discrimination
558:
557:
556:
533:
532:
531:
530:
525:
523:Bathroom bills
517:
512:
511:
510:
505:
495:
490:
483:
482:
477:
472:
465:
464:
459:
454:
448:
442:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
432:
431:
419:
412:
407:
402:
393:
392:
385:
378:
377:
376:
373:male-to-female
369:
366:female-to-male
353:
352:
345:
344:
343:
338:
324:
323:
320:Sex assignment
316:
315:
314:
300:
292:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
272:
271:
270:
263:
253:
252:
251:
244:
237:
227:
222:
221:
220:
215:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
176:
171:
162:
157:
147:
142:
135:
134:
133:
123:
118:
113:
108:
101:
94:
88:
83:
82:
79:
78:
76:
75:
70:
65:
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56:
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37:
36:
30:
29:
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9:
6:
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6876:
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6805:
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6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
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6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6760:
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6746:
6745:United States
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6732:
6722:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6701:legal history
6699:
6698:
6697:
6696:United States
6694:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6678:
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6674:
6672:
6670:
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6660:
6659:
6658:South Africa
6657:
6653:
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6645:
6644:
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6511:
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6503:
6499:
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6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6476:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6465:ancient Egypt
6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6435:United States
6433:
6431:
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6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
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6406:
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6371:
6367:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6335:
6334:Transmisogyny
6332:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6317:Transfeminism
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6302:Postgenderism
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6266:
6264:
6263:Gender binary
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
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6066:
6063:
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6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6045:Transmisogyny
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6011:
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6006:
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6000:
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5996:
5992:
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5983:
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5970:
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5963:
5961:
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5956:
5953:
5951:
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5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5883:masculinizing
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
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5834:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5822:
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5755:
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5745:
5742:
5740:
5739:
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5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5674:Gender bender
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5643:
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5161:
5154:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
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5111:(2): e16885.
5110:
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5071:
5067:
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5058:
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3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3818:The Economist
3814:
3807:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3746:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3724:
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3550:
3549:Biography.com
3546:
3540:
3524:
3520:
3519:The Telegraph
3516:
3514:
3505:
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3454:
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3358:
3342:
3338:
3334:
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3320:
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3311:
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3302:
3298:
3295:(10): e1877.
3294:
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3279:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3231:
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3223:
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2333:
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2317:
2314:
2306:
2296:
2293:and simplify
2292:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2276:This section
2274:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:response bias
2246:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2230:mental health
2216:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2168:
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2110:
2106:
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2098:
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2091:
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2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1967:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1896:
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1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1851:
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1407:masculinizing
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1074:United States
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1031:South Africa
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857:
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842:Transfeminism
840:
838:
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827:Postgenderism
825:
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788:Gender binary
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508:United States
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475:Organizations
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416:Voice therapy
413:
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341:masculinizing
339:
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327:
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312:
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307:
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298:
297:Gender clinic
294:
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116:Gender bender
114:
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6203:
6177:Publications
6095:Christianity
6030:Cisgenderism
5950:Legal status
5940:Legal gender
5912:Legal status
5894:
5848:and medicine
5823:
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4899:. Retrieved
4895:
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4824:
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4803:the original
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4657:. Retrieved
4653:the original
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4631:. Retrieved
4624:the original
4615:
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4555:
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4520:
4514:
4502:. Retrieved
4493:
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4298:
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4277:. Retrieved
4242:
4238:
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4216:. Retrieved
4204:
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4095:
4065:(1): 17–24.
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3882:(1): 38–46.
3879:
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3848:
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3827:. Retrieved
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3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3755:
3751:
3739:
3714:
3710:
3686:. Retrieved
3682:the original
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3655:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3625:
3615:
3606:
3600:
3591:
3588:Hirschfeld M
3582:
3572:
3565:
3555:25 September
3553:. Retrieved
3548:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3518:
3512:
3504:
3476:
3469:
3457:. Retrieved
3453:the original
3404:
3398:
3374:(4S): e244.
3371:
3367:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3336:
3327:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3257:
3248:
3237:, retrieved
3230:the original
3221:
3196:. Retrieved
3187:
3178:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3084:
3080:
3040:
3034:
2999:
2995:
2970:. Retrieved
2966:
2956:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2846:(3): 15–24.
2843:
2839:
2816:29 September
2814:. Retrieved
2810:
2785:. Retrieved
2776:
2767:
2737:(1): 55–64.
2734:
2730:
2724:
2704:
2698:
2686:. Retrieved
2682:
2673:
2663:25 September
2661:. Retrieved
2657:
2651:
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2604:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2576:
2567:
2557:17 September
2555:. Retrieved
2550:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2514:
2476:
2462:Genitoplasty
2454:
2432:Legal status
2402:trans people
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2362:phalloplasty
2354:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2303:October 2023
2300:
2277:
2254:
2242:
2234:
2227:
2209:
2194:
2179:hysterectomy
2175:
2160:
2154:October 2019
2151:
2131:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2078:
2043:
2039:human rights
2036:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1978:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1937:
1932:
1914:
1911:21st century
1897:
1889:Jalma Jurado
1882:
1875:
1871:phalloplasty
1860:
1854:
1847:
1832:
1826:at Berlin's
1820:Dora Richter
1818:
1810:hysterectomy
1806:Alan L. Hart
1803:
1800:20th century
1791:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1769:electrolysis
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1717:hysterectomy
1701:
1666:
1652:
1644:phalloplasty
1625:
1600:
1594:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1560:scrotoplasty
1552:phalloplasty
1544:oophorectomy
1540:hysterectomy
1522:
1510:Adam's apple
1494:vaginoplasty
1476:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1421:legal gender
1415:
1404:
1396:phalloplasty
1380:vaginoplasty
1374:
1367:
1358:
1354:
1326:
1325:
1145:Nazi Germany
1097:
877:
718:Publications
674:
631:
457:Legal gender
445:legal status
399:Hair removal
358:
265:
246:
239:
210:
178:
150:Third gender
137:
103:
96:
18:
6719: [
6669:South Korea
6639:New Zealand
6586: [
6552: [
6523: [
6487:South Korea
6473: [
6391: [
6364: [
6172:Pornography
6065:trans panic
5861:in children
5846:Health care
5833:Transsexual
5814:Transgender
5788:Trans woman
5744:Mudoko dako
5725:Femminiello
5627:Transgender
4835:15 November
4740:Wareham J.
4725:2 September
4577:10125/66380
4459:Colapinto J
4112:: 9652305.
3829:2 September
3796:27 December
3545:"Lili Elbe"
3529:11 December
3258:Mayo Clinic
2530:12 February
2420:women, but
2414:trans women
2406:transgender
2400:Concerning
2000:hepatitis C
1850:housekeeper
1814:gonadectomy
1757:top surgery
1677:vaginectomy
1669:orchiectomy
1628:trans women
1590:orchiectomy
1582:mammaplasty
1526:and others
1498:vulvoplasty
1490:orchiectomy
1480:and others
1478:Trans women
1472:transsexual
1457:Top surgery
1431:Terminology
1384:vulvoplasty
1363:other names
1109: [
1089:Transphobia
1042:South Korea
1012:New Zealand
936: [
503:South Korea
443:Rights and
311:in children
288:Health care
275:Transsexual
256:Transgender
230:Trans woman
186:Mudoko dako
167:Femminiello
6864:Categories
6622:Tamil Nadu
6345:By country
6258:Deadnaming
6215:Theory and
6192:ice hockey
6035:Inequality
5878:feminizing
5764:Two-spirit
5749:Mukhannath
5718:Faʻafafine
5243:: 960745.
5203:Sexologies
4922:quoted in
4633:31 October
4562:(1): 4–5.
4326:Pediatrics
4239:Pediatrics
3859:26 October
3688:22 October
3662:25 October
3459:1 November
2895:(1): 1–9.
2652:sex change
2634:15 October
2506:References
2203:, and the
2073:See also:
1961:Prevalence
1856:Elmer Belt
1794:Elagabalus
1709:mastectomy
1654:Non-binary
1597:anti-trans
1468:transition
1453:sex change
1411:feminizing
980:Tamil Nadu
872:By country
783:Deadnaming
733:Television
711:non-binary
696:Literature
593:Inequality
566:Non-binary
493:Healthcare
336:feminizing
206:Two-spirit
191:Mukhannath
160:Faʻafafine
6735:Political
6647:2017 bill
6643:Pakistan
6607:2014 Bill
6534:Australia
6510:Argentina
6492:Singapore
6425:Singapore
6373:Australia
6361:Argentina
6182:Sexuality
5917:Pregnancy
5900:to female
5825:Akava'ine
5793:Fakaleitī
5783:Trans man
5703:Koekchuch
5669:Cisgender
5663:Burrnesha
5650:Androgyne
5490:CiteSeerX
5284:Sex Roles
4877:2689-5269
4659:11 August
4616:wpath.org
4332:(1): e9.
4309:27 August
3496:696313936
3447:Munro D.
3431:242422061
3390:149966616
3239:7 October
2972:15 August
2909:0748-0814
2870:259110063
2624:947837700
2422:trans men
2410:cisgender
2351:Sexuality
2146:talk page
2113:Insurance
1938:In 2011,
1929:Article 8
1876:In 1971,
1861:In 1951,
1835:Lili Elbe
1673:penectomy
1640:trans men
1578:cisgender
1524:Trans men
1486:penectomy
1425:Singapore
1351:cisgender
1180:Stonewall
1150:Singapore
1118:Australia
1106:Argentina
1067:2022 bill
1027:Singapore
1000:2017 bill
996:Pakistan
970:2014 bill
916:2016 bill
901:Australia
884:Argentina
405:Pregnancy
290:practices
267:Akava'ine
235:Fakaleitī
225:Trans man
145:Koekchuch
111:Cisgender
105:Burrnesha
92:Androgyne
6837:Category
6832:Timeline
6782:Intersex
6758:See also
6716:2018 law
6712:Uruguay
6706:title IX
6689:2004 act
6677:2022 law
6662:2003 Act
6652:2018 Act
6612:2019 Act
6583:2018 law
6549:2016 law
6545:Bolivia
6539:re Kevin
6520:2021 law
6515:2012 law
6383:Cambodia
6217:concepts
6060:killings
6055:genocide
6050:Violence
5969:Toilets
5955:Marriage
5799:Mak nyah
5776:X-gender
5759:Travesti
5567:23051224
5559:23943260
5520:25671520
5512:15803249
5467:42916543
5459:16362252
5369:46169398
5361:17413887
5304:37723853
5269:24790589
5180:12856892
5145:21364939
5105:PLOS ONE
5086:21699661
5038:11314574
5003:19590739
4995:19473181
4950:58637820
4861:: 1–21.
4829:Archived
4825:NBC News
4750:Archived
4594:13382948
4586:17984980
4504:1 August
4498:Archived
4461:(2002).
4413:archived
4387:14 March
4378:Archived
4303:Archived
4273:Archived
4269:52288840
4261:30224363
4209:Archived
4187:31289749
4138:30009180
4087:22752221
4041:37001563
4033:26684553
3998:31380225
3947:22252676
3904:27318408
3853:Archived
3823:Archived
3790:Archived
3760:Archived
3731:19175859
3630:Archived
3590:(1908).
3523:Archived
3341:Archived
3319:30534483
3262:Archived
3192:Archived
3170:36238954
3113:Archived
3109:42635923
3101:29032297
3026:32999601
2948:39109263
2862:37285414
2781:Archived
2751:21317698
2628:Archived
2587:7 August
2581:Archived
2524:Archived
2443:See also
2371:clitoris
2140:You may
2063:disorder
1981:diabetes
1944:intersex
1558:through
1554:, and a
1390:, while
1331:surgical
1290:Category
1215:Intersex
1194:See also
1165:Legality
1123:Re Kevin
1084:Title IX
1062:2004 act
1050:2022 law
1035:2003 act
1020:2016 act
1005:2018 act
975:2019 act
960:2024 law
955:2018 law
950:1980 law
894:2021 law
889:2012 law
723:Religion
598:Violence
588:Genocide
519:Toilets
241:Mak nyah
218:X-gender
201:Travesti
73:Timeline
26:a series
24:Part of
6827:Outline
6634:Ireland
6597:Germany
6405:Finland
6353:History
6312:Studies
6145:History
6104:Events
5905:to male
5895:Surgery
5806:Rae-rae
5732:Khanith
5697:Kathoey
5407:8501789
5260:3984784
5188:9960176
5136:3043071
5113:Bibcode
4901:10 July
4541:9343018
4354:7364636
4346:9651461
4279:23 July
4178:6608700
4129:6020665
4079:7877467
3989:6626314
3939:5726922
3896:4902840
3310:6250475
3161:9553112
3017:6831034
2759:2481961
2456:Femalia
2382:orgasms
2375:phallus
2285:Please
2080:called
2052:at the
1788:History
1556:scrotum
1140:Finland
1099:History
1016:Norway
992:Ireland
945:Germany
928:Finland
837:Studies
675:Culture
603:Murders
515:Prisons
248:Rae-rae
174:Khanith
139:Kathoey
68:History
63:Outline
6772:Gender
6673:Spain
6617:Kerala
6579:Chile
6568:Canada
6563:Brazil
6502:Rights
6470:France
6452:People
6420:Russia
6378:Brazil
6187:Sports
6167:People
6090:Blåhaj
6040:Prison
5978:unisex
5927:Rights
5770:Winkte
5630:topics
5565:
5557:
5518:
5510:
5492:
5465:
5457:
5405:
5367:
5359:
5302:
5267:
5257:
5186:
5178:
5143:
5133:
5084:
5036:
5001:
4993:
4948:
4875:
4756:8 June
4746:Forbes
4592:
4584:
4539:
4471:
4441:
4419:23 May
4352:
4344:
4267:
4259:
4218:23 May
4185:
4175:
4136:
4126:
4085:
4077:
4039:
4031:
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