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Great Plains narrow-mouthed toads are a small (1.5 in), flat-bodied species, with a sharply pointed snout. They are typically olive green to grey-brown in color, sometimes with black blotching. Their undersides are lighter colored. Their skin secretions can cause severe, burning pain if they
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Western narrow-mouthed toads have a mutualistic relationship with tarantulas. They will live together, and in exchange will eat ants that attempt to invade the tarantula's burrow. Chemicals in their skin make the toads unpalatable to the spiders. Similar mutualistic behavior has been observed in
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Streicher, J. W., C. L. Cox, J. A. Campbell, E. N. Smith, and R. O. de Sá. 2012. Rapid range expansion in the Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad (Gastrophryne olivacea) and a revised taxonomy for North
American microhylids.
399:, but most frequently on moist ground or in leaf litter, and under rocks or fallen logs. They breed throughout the spring and summer in pools of water left by rainfall. Their primary diet is ants.
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but in 2012 the western subspecies was elevated to full species status ("Gastrophryne mazatlanensis" = the
Sinaloan Narrow-mouthed Toad).
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There are no valid subspecies of this taxon at this time. This taxon was originally divided into two
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499:"Western Narrow-mouthed Toad | Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation"
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
477:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T50930132A50929945.en
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513:"Tiny Frogs and Giant Spiders: Best of Friends"
452:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022).
838:Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
339:found throughout much of the south-central
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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395:This toad is found in a wide range of
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528:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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828:IUCN Red List least concern species
463:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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422:of the eastern narrowmouth toad,
560:Amphibian Species of the World:
322:Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad
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843:Amphibians of the United States
34:needs additional citations for
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378:Western narrow-mouthed toad (
848:Amphibians described in 1856
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174:Scientific classification
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470:: e.T50930132A50929945.
58:"Gastrophryne olivacea"
418:was once considered a
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639:Gastrophryne-olivacea
612:Gastrophryne olivacea
582:Gastrophryne olivacea
562:Gastrophryne olivacea
554:Gastrophryne olivacea
545:Gastrophryne olivacea
456:Gastrophryne olivacea
416:Gastrophryne olivacea
380:Gastrophryne olivacea
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317:Gastrophryne olivacea
283:Gastrophryne olivacea
127:Gastrophryne olivacea
391:Behavior and habitat
355:. Though not a true
351:, and into northern
43:improve this article
16:Species of amphibian
307:Engystoma olivaceum
144:Conservation status
548:in Amphibiaweb.org
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790:Open Tree of Life
574:Taxon identifiers
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32:This article
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833:Gastrophryne
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481:. Retrieved
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252:Gastrophryne
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241:Microhylidae
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41:Please help
36:verification
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751:NatureServe
699:iNaturalist
621:AmphibiaWeb
606:Wikispecies
370:Description
361:terrestrial
822:Categories
439:References
433:subspecies
420:subspecies
405:microhylid
334:microhylid
99:March 2024
69:newspapers
756:2.1163616
290:Hallowell
259:Species:
197:Kingdom:
191:Eukaryota
717:10456079
597:Q2720420
591:Wikidata
483:17 March
411:Taxonomy
397:habitats
345:Nebraska
299:Synonyms
237:Family:
221:Amphibia
211:Chordata
207:Phylum:
201:Animalia
187:Domain:
164:IUCN 3.1
691:2421773
678:1018892
407:frogs.
330:species
328:, is a
247:Genus:
227:Order:
217:Class:
162: (
83:scholar
802:uBio:
795:565409
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769:248792
730:173468
704:134277
652:207474
403:other
353:Mexico
320:, the
292:, 1856
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743:57815
712:IRMNG
665:3FDVY
364:habit
349:Texas
343:from
231:Anura
90:JSTOR
76:books
764:NCBI
738:IUCN
725:ITIS
686:GBIF
647:BOLD
626:2124
485:2024
468:2022
357:toad
337:frog
62:news
673:EoL
660:CoL
634:ASW
472:doi
332:of
324:or
45:by
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