692:
4510:– This model assumes that the compressed gas remains at a constant temperature throughout the compression or expansion process. In this cycle, internal energy is removed from the system as heat at the same rate that it is added by the mechanical work of compression. Isothermal compression or expansion more closely models real life when the compressor has a large heat exchanging surface, a small gas volume, or a long time scale (i.e., a small power level). Compressors that utilize inter-stage cooling between compression stages come closest to achieving perfect isothermal compression. However, with practical devices perfect isothermal compression is not attainable. For example, unless you have an infinite number of compression stages with corresponding intercoolers, you will never achieve perfect isothermal compression.
4461:(approximately 1.4 for air). The rise in air and temperature ratio means compression does not follow a simple pressure to volume ratio. This is less efficient, but quick. Adiabatic compression or expansion more closely model real life when a compressor has good insulation, a large gas volume, or a short time scale (i.e., a high power level). In practice there will always be a certain amount of heat flow out of the compressed gas. Thus, making a perfect adiabatic compressor would require perfect heat insulation of all parts of the machine. For example, even a bicycle tire pump's metal tube becomes hot as you compress the air to fill a tire. The relation between temperature and compression ratio described above means that the value of
4979:, however many hermetic and semi-hermetic compressors can only work in a range of or at fixed speeds, since they may include built-in oil pumps. The built-in oil pump is connected to the same shaft that drives the compressor, and forces oil into the compressor and motor bearings. At low speeds, insufficient quantities of oil reach the bearings, eventually leading to bearing failure, while at high speeds, excessive amounts of oil may be lost from the bearings and compressor and potentially into the discharge line due to splashing. Eventually the oil runs out and the bearings are left unlubricated, leading to failure, and the oil may contaminate the refrigerant, air or other working gas.
38:
771:
and the gas replaced (This can also happen in semi hermetic compressors where the motor operates in the refrigerant). Typically, hermetic compressors are used in low-cost factory-assembled consumer goods where the cost of repair and labor is high compared to the value of the device, and it would be more economical to just purchase a new device or compressor. Semi-hermetic compressors are used in mid-sized to large refrigeration and air conditioning systems, where it is cheaper to repair and/or refurbish the compressor compared to the price of a new one. A hermetic compressor is simpler and cheaper to build than a semi-hermetic or open compressor.
5208:
54:
1617:
3345:
4795:– This model takes into account both a rise in temperature in the gas as well as some loss of energy (heat) to the compressor's components. This assumes that heat may enter or leave the system, and that input shaft work can appear as both increased pressure (usually useful work) and increased temperature above adiabatic (usually losses due to cycle efficiency). Compression efficiency is then the ratio of temperature rise at theoretical 100 percent (adiabatic) vs. actual (polytropic). Polytropic compression will use a value of
767:
the seals begin to leak until the system is no longer functional and must be recharged. By comparison, a hermetic or semi-hermetic system can sit unused for years, and can usually be started up again at any time without requiring maintenance or experiencing any loss of system pressure. Even well lubricated seals will leak a small amount of gas over time, particularly if the refrigeration gasses are soluble in the lubricating oil, but if the seals are well manufactured and maintained this loss is very low.
5612:
46:
2953:
312:
508:. A mixture of air and water generated through turbulence is allowed to fall into a subterranean chamber where the air separates from the water. The weight of falling water compresses the air in the top of the chamber. A submerged outlet from the chamber allows water to flow to the surface at a lower height than the intake. An outlet in the roof of the chamber supplies the compressed air to the surface. A facility on this principle was built on the
3821:
533:
279:
238:
5227:
672:. Beyond about 5 stages or a 4:1 design pressure ratio a compressor will not function unless fitted with features such as stationary vanes with variable angles (known as variable inlet guide vanes and variable stators), the ability to allow some air to escape part-way along the compressor (known as interstage bleed) and being split into more than one rotating assembly (known as twin spools, for example).
5921:
3340:{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}pV^{n}={\text{constant}}=p_{1}V_{1}^{n}=p_{2}V_{2}^{n}\Rightarrow {\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\ =\left({\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}\right)^{n}&\\{\frac {p^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T}}={\text{constant}}={\frac {p_{1}^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {p_{2}^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T_{2}}}\Rightarrow \left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}={\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}&\end{cases}}}
636:
4130:
755:
can be opened to replace motor and compressor components. The primary advantage of a hermetic and semi-hermetic is that there is no route for the gas to leak out of the system. The main advantages of open compressors is that they can be driven by any motive power source, allowing the most appropriate motor to be selected for the application, or even non-electric power sources such as an
300:
2 bar or 200 kPa or 29 psi) for bulk material movement while oil-injected machines have the necessary volumetric efficiency to achieve pressures up to about 13 bar (1,300 kPa; 190 psi) in a single stage. A rotary vane compressor is well suited to electric motor drive and is significantly quieter in operation than the equivalent piston compressor.
3360:
434:) is a variant of the conventional reciprocating compressor. The compression of gas occurs by the movement of a flexible membrane, instead of an intake element. The back-and-forth movement of the membrane is driven by a rod and a crankshaft mechanism. Only the membrane and the compressor box come in contact with the gas being compressed.
105:. The main distinction is that the focus of a compressor is to change the density or volume of the fluid, which is mostly only achievable on gases. Gases are compressible, while liquids are relatively incompressible, so compressors are rarely used for liquids. The main action of a pump is to pressurize and transport liquids.
3829:
4781:
143:
1093:
3816:{\displaystyle W=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}pdV=p_{1}V_{1}^{n}\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}V^{-n}dV={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}^{n}}{1-n}}(V_{2}^{1-n}-V_{1}^{1-n})={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}^{n}}{1-n}}V_{1}^{1-n}\left({\frac {V_{2}^{1-n}}{V_{1}^{1-n}}}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left({\frac {V_{2}^{1-n}}{V_{1}^{1-n}}}-1\right)=}
449:
4865:
In the case of centrifugal compressors, commercial designs currently do not exceed a compression ratio of more than 3.5 to 1 in any one stage (for a typical gas). Since compression raises the temperature, the compressed gas is to be cooled between stages making the compression less adiabatic and more
750:
In hermetic and most semi-hermetic compressors, the compressor and motor driving the compressor are integrated, and operate within the pressurized gas envelope of the system. The motor is designed to operate in, and be cooled by, the refrigerant gas being compressed. Open compressors have an external
437:
The degree of flexing and the material constituting the diaphragm affects the maintenance life of the equipment. Generally stiff metal diaphragms may only displace a few cubic centimeters of volume because the metal cannot endure large degrees of flexing without cracking, but the stiffness of a metal
269:
Screw compressors have fewer moving components, larger capacity, less vibration and surging, can operate at variable speeds, and typically have higher efficiency. Small sizes or low rotor speeds are not practical due to inherent leaks caused by clearance between the compression cavities or screws and
127:
Put another way, a positive displacement compressor is one that operates by drawing in a discrete volume of gas from its inlet then forcing that gas to exit via the compressor's outlet. The increase in the pressure of the gas is due, at least in part, to the compressor pumping it at a mass flow rate
84:
Many compressors can be staged, that is, the gas is compressed several times in steps or stages, to increase discharge pressure. Often, the second stage is physically smaller than the primary stage, to accommodate the already compressed gas without reducing its pressure. Each stage further compresses
770:
The disadvantage of hermetic compressors is that the motor drive cannot be repaired or maintained, and the entire compressor must be replaced if a motor fails. A further disadvantage is that burnt-out windings can contaminate the whole systems, thereby requiring the system to be entirely pumped down
626:
are similar to centrifugal compressors, but have a radial and axial velocity component at the exit from the rotor. The diffuser is often used to turn diagonal flow to an axial rather than radial direction. Comparative to the conventional centrifugal compressor (of the same stage pressure ratio), the
411:
When compared with reciprocating and rolling piston compressors, scroll compressors are more reliable since they have fewer components and have a simpler structure, are more efficient since they have no clearance volume nor valves, and possess the advantages both of surging less and not vibrating so
400:
These compressors are extensively used in air conditioning and refrigeration because they are lighter, smaller and have fewer moving parts than reciprocating compressors and they are also more reliable. They are more expensive though, so peltier coolers or rotary and reciprocating compressors may be
328:
It offers higher efficiency than reciprocating compressors due to less losses from the clearance volume between the piston and the compressor casing, it's 40% to 50% smaller and lighter for a given capacity (which can impact material and shipping costs when used in a product), causes less vibration,
4880:
Because rotary screw compressors can make use of cooling lubricant to reduce the temperature rise from compression, they very often exceed a 9 to 1 compression ratio. For instance, in a typical diving compressor the air is compressed in three stages. If each stage has a compression ratio of 7 to 1,
754:
The difference between the hermetic and semi-hermetic, is that the hermetic uses a one-piece welded steel casing that cannot be opened for repair; if the hermetic fails it is simply replaced with an entire new unit. A semi-hermetic uses a large cast metal shell with gasketed covers with screws that
262:
The classifications of rotary screw compressors vary based on stages, cooling methods, and drive types among others. Rotary screw compressors are commercially produced in Oil
Flooded, Water Flooded and Dry type. The efficiency of rotary compressors depends on the air drier, and the selection of air
766:
An open pressurized system such as an automobile air conditioner can be more susceptible to leak its operating gases. Open systems rely on lubricant in the system to splash on pump components and seals. If it is not operated frequently enough, the lubricant on the seals slowly evaporates, and then
608:
machining, the impeller needs to rotate at high speeds making small compressors impractical, and surging becomes more likely. Surging is gas flow reversal, meaning that the gas goes from the discharge to the suction side, which can cause serious damage, specially in the compressor bearings and its
4953:
In automobiles and other types of vehicles (including piston-powered airplanes, boats, trucks, etc.), diesel or gasoline engine's power output can be increased by compressing the intake air, so that more fuel can be burned per cycle. These engines can power compressors using their own crankshaft
746:
drive is situated in relation to the gas or vapor being compressed. Some compressors outside of refrigeration service may also be hermetically sealed to some extent, typically when handling toxic, polluting, or expensive gasses, with most non-refrigeration applications being in the petrochemical
295:
consist of a rotor with a number of blades inserted in radial slots in the rotor. The rotor is mounted offset in a larger housing that is either circular or a more complex shape. As the rotor turns, blades slide in and out of the slots keeping contact with the outer wall of the housing. Thus, a
166:
can range from low pressure to very high pressure (>18000 psi or 124 MPa). In certain applications, such as air compression, multi-stage double-acting compressors are said to be the most efficient compressors available, and are typically larger, and more costly than comparable rotary units.
299:
With suitable port connections, the devices may be either a compressor or a vacuum pump. They can be either stationary or portable, can be single or multi-staged, and can be driven by electric motors or internal combustion engines. Dry vane machines are used at relatively low pressures (e.g.,
190:
This type of compressor can compress a wide range of gases, including refrigerant, hydrogen, and natural gas. Because of this, it finds use in a wide range of applications in many different industries and can be designed to a wide range of capacities, by varying size, number of cylinders, and
258:
to force the gas into a smaller space. These are usually used for continuous operation in commercial and industrial applications and may be either stationary or portable. Their application can be from 3 horsepower (2.2 kW) to over 1,200 horsepower (890 kW) and from low pressure to
603:
Centrifugal compressors are the largest available compressors, offer higher efficiencies under partial loads, may be oil-free when using air or magnetic bearings which increases the heat transfer coefficient in evaporators and condensers, weigh up to 90% less and occupy 50% less space than
329:
has fewer components and is more reliable than a reciprocating compressor. But its structure does not allow capacities beyond 5 refrigeration tons, is less reliable than other compressor types, and is less efficient than other compressor types due to losses from the clearance volume.
667:
or vanes, decelerate and redirect the flow direction of the fluid, preparing it for the rotor blades of the next stage. Axial compressors are almost always multi-staged, with the cross-sectional area of the gas passage diminishing along the compressor to maintain an optimum axial
438:
diaphragm allows it to pump at high pressures. Rubber or silicone diaphragms are capable of enduring deep pumping strokes of very high flexion, but their low strength limits their use to low-pressure applications, and they need to be replaced as plastic embrittlement occurs.
2921:
NOTE: The isentropic assumptions are only applicable with ideal cycles. Real world cycles have inherent losses due to inefficient compressors and turbines. The real world system are not truly isentropic but are rather idealized as isentropic for calculation purposes.
553:
in a shaped housing to force the gas to the rim of the impeller, increasing the velocity of the gas. A diffuser (divergent duct) section converts the velocity energy to pressure energy. They are primarily used for continuous, stationary service in industries such as
609:
drive shaft. It is caused by a pressure on the discharge side that is higher than the output pressure of the compressor. This can cause gases to flow back and forth between the compressor and whatever is connected to its discharge line, causing oscillations.
123:
A positive displacement compressor is a system that compresses the air by the displacement of a mechanical linkage reducing the volume (since the reduction in volume due to a piston in thermodynamics is considered as positive displacement of the piston).
4267:
4125:{\displaystyle ={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left(\left({\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}\right)^{n-1}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left(\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left({\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}-1\right)}
4293:– This model assumes that no energy (heat) is transferred to or from the gas during the compression, and all supplied work is added to the internal energy of the gas, resulting in increases of temperature and pressure. Theoretical temperature rise is:
4540:
191:
cylinder unloading. However, it suffers from higher losses due to clearance volumes, resistance due to discharge and suction valves, weighs more, is difficult to maintain due to having a large number of moving parts, and it has inherent vibration.
834:
2850:) work decreases as the exponent, n, decreases, by increasing the heat rejection during the compression process. One common way of cooling the gas during compression is to use cooling jackets around the casing of the compressor.
2384:
2109:
162:(hp) are commonly seen in automotive applications and are typically for intermittent duty. Larger reciprocating compressors well over 1,000 hp (750 kW) are commonly found in large industrial and petroleum applications.
4394:
573:
This type of compressor, along with screw compressors, are extensively used in large refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Magnetic bearing (magnetically levitated) and air bearing centrifugal compressors exist.
2580:
157:
driven by a crankshaft. They can be either stationary or portable, can be single or multi-staged, and can be driven by electric motors or internal combustion engines. Small reciprocating compressors from 5 to
1406:
4815:
between 0 (a constant-pressure process) and infinity (a constant volume process). For the typical case where an effort is made to cool the gas compressed by an approximately adiabatic process, the value of
604:
reciprocating compressors, are reliable and cost less to maintain since less components are exposed to wear, and only generate minimal vibration. But, their initial cost is higher, require highly precise
570:
plants. Their application can be from 100 horsepower (75 kW) to thousands of horsepower. With multiple staging, they can achieve high output pressures greater than 1,000 psi (6.9 MPa).
679:
at their design conditions. However, they are relatively expensive, requiring a large number of components, tight tolerances and high quality materials. Axial compressors are used in medium to large
5459:
338:
1464:
1549:
5552:
112:
7495:
525:
491:
station was built in compliance with all of the prevailing safety, environmental and building codes in
Phoenix to demonstrate that such fueling stations could be built in urban areas.
5005:
Petroleum refineries, natural gas processing plants, petrochemical and chemical plants, and similar large industrial plants require compressing for intermediate and end-product gases.
821:, an ideal efficiency for the process can be attained, and the ideal compressor performance can be compared to the actual performance of the machine. Isotropic Compression as used in
4995:
of purified natural gas from the production site to the consumer, a compressor is driven by a motor fueled by gas bled from the pipeline. Thus, no external power source is necessary.
4141:
4776:{\displaystyle W=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}pdV=p_{1}V_{1}\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}{\frac {1}{V}}dV=p_{1}V_{1}\ln {\frac {V_{2}}{V_{1}}}=-p_{1}V_{1}\ln \left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)}
1604:
296:
series of increasing and decreasing volumes is created by the rotating blades. Rotary vane compressors are, with piston compressors one of the oldest of compressor technologies.
325:
In refrigeration and air conditioning, this type of compressor is also known as a rotary compressor, with rotary screw compressors being also known simply as screw compressors.
5574:
2848:
2694:
2169:
1846:
390:
Often, one of the scrolls is fixed, while the other orbits eccentrically without rotating, thereby trapping and pumping or compressing pockets of fluid between the scrolls.
1894:
319:
The
Rolling piston in a rolling piston style compressor plays the part of a partition between the vane and the rotor. Rolling piston forces gas against a stationary vane.
5480:
2791:
2484:
6042:
2741:
2434:
5596:
4456:
1088:{\displaystyle \eta _{C}={\frac {\rm {Isentropic\;Compressor\;Work}}{\rm {Actual\;Compressor\;Work}}}={\frac {W_{s}}{W_{a}}}\cong {\frac {h_{2s}-h_{1}}{h_{2a}-h_{1}}}}
322:
2 of these compressors can be mounted on the same shaft to increase capacity and reduce vibration and noise. A design without a spring is known as a swing compressor.
4854:
4499:
1490:
1195:
1159:
180:
Household, home workshop, and smaller job site compressors are typically reciprocating compressors 1.5 hp (1.1 kW) or less with an attached receiver tank.
2637:
2610:
1768:
1741:
1692:
1665:
1123:
726:
if they are to function for years without service. This necessitates the use of very effective seals, or even the elimination of all seals and openings to form a
401:
used in applications where cost is the most important or one of the most important factors to consider when designing a refrigeration or air conditioning system.
1302:
1279:
4834:
4813:
4532:
4479:
1256:
1236:
270:
compressor housing. They depend on fine machining tolerances to avoid high leakage losses and are prone to damage if operated incorrectly or poorly serviced.
7445:
2178:
1903:
456:
The photograph on the right depicts a three-stage diaphragm compressor used to compress hydrogen gas to 6,000 psi (41 MPa) for use in a prototype
7475:
5712:
4300:
7606:
5456:
5200:
Rotary lobe compressors are often used to provide air in pneumatic conveying lines for powder or solids. Pressure reached can range from 0.5 to 2 bar g.
5836:
5549:
6050:
5805:
751:
motor driving a shaft that passes through the body of the compressor and rely on rotary seals around the shaft to retain the internal pressure.
5905:
7490:
5936:
5207:
659:
The arrays of airfoils are set in rows, usually as pairs: one rotating and one stationary. The rotating airfoils, also known as blades or
6183:
5986:
2493:
5662:
6983:
6232:
5407:
1620:
P-v (Specific volume vs. Pressure) diagram comparing isentropic, polytropic, and isothermal processes between the same pressure limits.
1314:
6107:
5975:
Cengel, Yunus A., and
Michaeul A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 7th Edition ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 2012. Print.
5570:
4873:
In the case of small reciprocating compressors, the compressor flywheel may drive a cooling fan that directs ambient air across the
412:
much. But, when compared with screw and centrifugal compressors, scroll compressors have lower efficiencies and smaller capacities.
7485:
7417:
1608:
Therefore, work-consuming devices such as pumps and compressors (work is negative) require less work when they operate reversibly.
5142:
performance by increasing the mass flow of air inside the cylinder, so the engine can burn more fuel and hence produce more power.
703:
typically has a rounded steel outer shell permanently welded shut, which seals operating gases inside the system, in this case an
691:
387:, or hybrid curves. They operate more smoothly, quietly, and reliably than other types of compressors in the lower volume range.
710:. There is no route for gases to leak, such as around motor shaft seals. On this model, the plastic top section is part of an
7290:
5416:
509:
7450:
7412:
5786:
Richardson, Jr., Hubert: "Scroll
Compressor With Orbiting Scroll Member Biased By Oil Pressure," U.S. Patent 4875838, 1989.
171:
systems, is the swash plate or wobble plate compressor, which uses pistons moved by a swash plate mounted on a shaft (see
5267:
4284:
takes different values for different compression processes (see below), and 1 & 2 refer to initial and final states.
6095:
5777:
Caillat, J., Weatherston, R., Bush, J: "Scroll-Type
Machine With Axially Compliant Mounting," U.S. Patent 4767293, 1988.
1415:
7273:
5663:"Rotary Vane Compressors and the Vane Compressor - Compressors for stationary industrial and OEM applications - Mattei"
5103:
1496:
7616:
7315:
7028:
6564:
6293:
6159:
5915:
5888:
5859:
5606:
5441:
393:
Due to minimum clearance volume between the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll, these compressors have a very high
6076:
5733:
5533:
4866:
isothermal. The inter-stage coolers (intercoolers) typically result in some partial condensation that is removed in
6384:
4987:
Gas compressors are used in various applications where either higher pressures or lower volumes of gas are needed:
763:, and secondly the motor of an open compressor can be serviced without opening any part of the refrigerant system.
7465:
7279:
6659:
5752:"High Efficiency Compressor to Achieve a High COP | Air Conditioning and Refrigeration | Daikin Global"
5366:
5025:
2912:
719:
6223:
5704:
5645:
4262:{\displaystyle W=-{\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{n-1}}\left(\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}-1\right)}
206:
200:
17:
5768:
Tischer, J., Utter, R: "Scroll
Machine Using Discharge Pressure For Axial Sealing," U.S. Patent 4522575, 1985.
7427:
7371:
7366:
6943:
6471:
6136:
5513:
5372:
37:
6988:
6539:
6460:
6419:
5231:
7331:
7133:
6644:
6579:
6497:
6409:
6273:
5128:
use compressors to store air for later use in displacing water from buoyancy chambers to adjust buoyancy.
4930:
1557:
656:
to progressively compress a fluid. They are used where high flow rates or a compact design are required.
31:
811:
Non flow isentropic processes like some positive displacement compressors may use a different equation.
7480:
7361:
7068:
6833:
6677:
5139:
4937:
4929:
are cheap and quiet for static compressors. Small motors suitable for domestic electrical supplies use
4867:
756:
85:
the gas and increases its pressure and also temperature (if inter cooling between stages is not used).
146:
A motor-driven six-cylinder reciprocating compressor that can operate with two, four or six cylinders.
7626:
7621:
7533:
7392:
7356:
7158:
6788:
6743:
6671:
6523:
6466:
5797:
5107:
2796:
2642:
2117:
1794:
5039:
Small-volume purified or manufactured gases require compression to fill high pressure cylinders for
2962:
7611:
7580:
7402:
7098:
6698:
6477:
6368:
6353:
5338:
5161:
4972:
4958:), or, use their exhaust gas to drive a turbine connected to the compressor (this setup known as a
1851:
473:
137:
7575:
7500:
7422:
7351:
7295:
7227:
7123:
7038:
6948:
6913:
6389:
5344:
5290:
5119:
2746:
2439:
246:
5626:
2699:
2392:
1640:
By making the following assumptions the required work for the compressor to compress a gas from
7565:
7527:
7407:
7118:
6549:
5488:
567:
541:
469:
461:
442:
6175:
5690:
5122:, an air compressor is generally used to supply low pressure air (10 to 20 bar) for breathing.
4438:
7585:
7263:
7222:
6938:
6609:
6429:
6201:
6130:
5947:
4890:
4839:
4484:
1469:
622:
394:
57:
High pressure reciprocating compressor from
Belliss and Morcom, used in the bottling industry
1170:
1134:
7387:
7377:
7321:
7258:
7153:
6733:
6682:
6248:
5261:
5243:
5073:
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2588:
1746:
1719:
1670:
1643:
1101:
707:
536:
A single stage centrifugal compressor, early 1900s, G. Schiele & Co., Frankfurt am Main
421:
226:
8:
7253:
7243:
7217:
7003:
6665:
6574:
6544:
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6308:
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5296:
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457:
218:
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53:
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7397:
7174:
7053:
7048:
6838:
6649:
6634:
6216:
5326:
5314:
5197:
exist to heat air or other gasses, and compressing the gas is only a means to that end.
4992:
4819:
4798:
4792:
4517:
4507:
4464:
3351:
2944:
1241:
1221:
384:
163:
2379:{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}={\frac {nR(T_{2}-T_{1})}{n-1}}={\frac {nRT_{1}}{n-1}}\left}
2104:{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}={\frac {kR(T_{2}-T_{1})}{k-1}}={\frac {kRT_{1}}{k-1}}\left}
7088:
7043:
6798:
6793:
6723:
6619:
6455:
6258:
6155:
6111:
5911:
5884:
5855:
5678:
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5437:
5412:
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5099:
4882:
4290:
2585:
By comparing the three internally reversible processes compressing an ideal gas from
346:
184:
173:
128:
which cannot pass through the outlet at the lower pressure and density of the inlet.
108:
The main and important types of gas compressors are illustrated and discussed below:
41:
A small stationary high pressure breathing air compressor for filling scuba cylinders
5751:
4389:{\displaystyle T_{2}=T_{1}\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{(\kappa -1)/\kappa }}
585:) use this type of compressor. They are also used in internal combustion engines as
7555:
7310:
7305:
6888:
6594:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6399:
5308:
5237:
5169:
5157:
1616:
644:
488:
465:
287:
168:
6077:"Toshiba Science Museum : World's First Residential Inverter Air Conditioner"
4786:
When evaluated, the isothermal work is found to be lower than the adiabatic work.
7550:
7522:
7164:
7078:
7073:
7018:
7008:
6998:
6928:
6868:
6783:
6768:
6589:
6584:
6559:
6554:
6424:
6348:
5828:
5556:
5537:
5463:
5249:
5115:
5066:
5055:
5012:
513:
337:
187:
is a reciprocating compressor with the piston being the rotor of a linear motor.
102:
5559:
Discusses oil-flooded screw compressors including a complete system flow diagram
7300:
7197:
6973:
6953:
6918:
6853:
6773:
6614:
6604:
6513:
6363:
6333:
6288:
6283:
5598:
Hydraulic
Fracturing Operations: Handbook of Environmental Management Practices
5332:
5284:
5255:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5051:
4976:
4926:
1785:
743:
559:
167:
Another type of reciprocating compressor, usually employed in automotive cabin
78:
5357: – Measure of the fluid slip in the impeller of a compressor or a turbine
7600:
7382:
7233:
7128:
7093:
6863:
6858:
6813:
6808:
6654:
6629:
6624:
6599:
6569:
6439:
6338:
6318:
6298:
6209:
5111:
5062:
5008:
4947:
4943:
4920:
4916:
4886:
4414:
2902:
2859:
727:
563:
5183:
Service stations and auto repair shops use compressed air to fill pneumatic
111:
7560:
7238:
7138:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7033:
6968:
6848:
6818:
6758:
6753:
6728:
6639:
6518:
6434:
6358:
6343:
6328:
6115:
5278:
5135:
5131:
4971:
Compressors that are driven by an electric motor can be controlled using a
4959:
4955:
2892:
2872:
1215:
Comparison of the differential form of the energy balance for each device.
711:
696:
590:
586:
555:
222:
5317: – Hydrogen compressor based on absorption and desorption of hydrogen
4881:
the compressor can output 343 times atmospheric pressure (7 × 7 × 7 = 343
142:
45:
7570:
7212:
7169:
7143:
7083:
7063:
7058:
6933:
6893:
6878:
6823:
6748:
6718:
6713:
6529:
6394:
6313:
5530:
5354:
5272:
5190:
5020:
4999:
4874:
2937:
723:
680:
669:
594:
582:
477:
524:
441:
Diaphragm compressors are used for hydrogen and compressed natural gas (
237:
7326:
7248:
7179:
7148:
7023:
6993:
6923:
6873:
6843:
6828:
6708:
6508:
6404:
6323:
6263:
5080:
5033:
4910:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2863:
1634:
1629:
1624:
818:
789:
676:
578:
311:
303:
Rotary vane compressors can have mechanical efficiencies of about 90%.
159:
5877:
Centrifugal
Compressors A Strategy for Aerodynamic design and Analysis
5341: – Device used to pump gases at high pressure (piston compressor)
5305: – Gas compressor where the piston is driven by a linear actuator
4534:
is 1, so the value of the work integral for an isothermal process is:
448:
7285:
6963:
6958:
6908:
6883:
6738:
6534:
6043:"PTC-10 Performance Test Code on Compressors & Exhausters - ASME"
5194:
5125:
5114:
either directly or via high pressure gas storage containers, such as
1781:
785:
704:
627:
value of the speed of the mixed flow compressor is 1.5 times larger.
5110:, and other life support equipment, compressors provide pressurised
2793:) requires the least amount of work in. For the polytropic process (
7268:
7202:
6703:
6503:
6303:
6278:
6253:
5088:
5084:
2931:
2575:{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}=RTln\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)}
1611:
1210:
1198:
1162:
1126:
635:
550:
532:
380:
278:
66:
6035:
5050:
Various industrial, manufacturing, and building processes require
4909:
power the axial and centrifugal flow compressors that are part of
825:
PTC 10 Code refers to a reversible, adiabatic compression process
266:
Designs with a single screw or three screws instead of two exist.
6778:
6450:
5287: – External combustion engine using air as the working fluid
5252: – Mechanical fan that forces fluid to move radially outward
5177:
5092:
5091:—compress the air required for fuel combustion. The jet engine's
5044:
5040:
4906:
4901:
There are many options for the motor that powers the compressor:
1401:{\displaystyle \delta q_{act}-\delta w_{acteltaq_{act}}{T}\geq 0}
793:
760:
700:
683:
engines, natural gas pumping stations, and some chemical plants.
653:
405:
372:
263:
drier is always 1.5 times volumetric delivery of the compressor.
4936:. Larger motors can only be used where an industrial electrical
722:
systems must exhibit near-zero leakage to avoid the loss of the
600:
or as the final compression stage of medium-sized gas turbines.
7455:
7207:
7013:
6763:
6096:"Compressed breathing air – the potential for evil from within"
5360:
5226:
5173:
4418:
663:, accelerate the fluid. The stationary airfoils, also known as
597:
505:
481:
259:
moderately high pressure (>1,200 psi or 8.3 MPa).
154:
74:
6231:
5650:, International Compressor Engineering Conference. Paper 1825.
4950:
are suitable for portable compressors and support compressors.
730:
system. These compressors are often described as being either
686:
7470:
6903:
5670:
5540:
Describes how screw compressors work and include photographs.
5246: – Process to maintain internal air pressure in aircraft
652:
are dynamic rotating compressors that use arrays of fan-like
368:
255:
98:
5595:
Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.; Davletshin, Anton (2015-01-28).
5375: – Air compressor using variable-speed drive technology
2853:
695:
A small hermetically sealed compressor in a common consumer
480:. The reciprocating natural gas compressor was developed by
6978:
6898:
5937:"Development of High Specific Speed Mixed Flow Compressors"
5880:
5293: – Type of positive-displacement rotary gas compressor
5264: – Filter systems to reduce humidity of compressed air
5184:
5165:
5016:
3333:
2867:
2696:) requires the most work in and the isothermal compression(
1205:
822:
784:
A compressor can be idealized as internally reversible and
364:
101:(such as a gas) and both can transport the fluid through a
94:
799:
The enthalpy change for a flow process can be calculated.
27:
Machine to increase pressure of gas by reducing its volume
5323: – Type of manually operated air compression machine
742:, to describe how the compressor is enclosed and how the
675:
Axial compressors can have high efficiencies; around 90%
605:
376:
70:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5431:
5594:
5481:"Machinery, Tools & Supplies Articles on ThomasNet"
5349:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
516:
in 1910 and supplied 5,000 horsepower to nearby mines.
6180:
Engineering resources for powder processing industries
5907:
Pollution Control Handbook for Oil and Gas Engineering
5404:
408:
on Volkswagen G60 and G40 engines in the early 1990s.
225:
piston instead of a metal piston as in a piston-metal
5964:
5647:
Variable Speed Tri-Rotor Screw Compression Technology
5258: – Air under a pressure greater than atmospheric
4842:
4822:
4801:
4543:
4520:
4487:
4467:
4441:
4303:
4144:
3832:
3363:
2956:
2799:
2749:
2702:
2645:
2618:
2591:
2496:
2442:
2395:
2181:
2120:
1906:
1854:
1797:
1749:
1722:
1673:
1646:
1560:
1499:
1472:
1418:
1317:
1287:
1264:
1244:
1224:
1173:
1137:
1104:
837:
612:
5434:
Reciprocating Compressors, Operation and Maintenance
5311: – Type of rotating positive-displacement pump.
4998:
In maritime cargo transport and cargo operations by
774:
5734:"What the New Samsung Mini Rotary Compressor Means"
5299: – Device to increase pressure of hydrogen gas
5240: – Machine for continuous flow gas compression
714:
system that uses motor heat to evaporate the water.
6066:8th edition Perry, Green, page 10-45 section 10-76
5874:
4848:
4828:
4807:
4775:
4526:
4493:
4473:
4450:
4388:
4261:
4124:
3815:
3339:
2842:
2785:
2735:
2688:
2631:
2604:
2574:
2478:
2428:
2378:
2163:
2103:
1888:
1840:
1762:
1735:
1686:
1659:
1598:
1543:
1484:
1459:{\displaystyle ds\geq {\frac {\delta q_{act}}{T}}}
1458:
1400:
1296:
1273:
1250:
1230:
1189:
1153:
1117:
1087:
5852:Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery
5335: – Compressed air or vacuum transport system
1544:{\displaystyle \delta w_{rev}\geq \delta w_{act}}
194:
7598:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5213:Diving air compressor in noise reduction cabinet
3354:(or expansion) of a gas into a closed cylinder.
2639:, the results show that isentropic compression (
1612:Effect of cooling during the compression process
1211:Comparing reversible to irreversible compressors
445:) as well as in a number of other applications.
5705:"Motion of Rolling Piston in Rotary Compressor"
5571:"How Does a Rotary Screw Air Compressor Work?"
5072:Some aircraft require compressors to maintain
254:use two meshed rotating positive-displacement
6217:
6093:
5903:
5495:
5329: – Mechanical device with compressed gas
1201:at the final state for the isentropic process
593:. Centrifugal compressors are used in small
363:, uses two interleaved spiral-like vanes to
131:
5829:"Five thousand horsepower from air bubbles"
792:steady state device, meaning the change in
687:Hermetically sealed, open, or semi-hermetic
232:
7607:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
6984:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
6233:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
6224:
6210:
6143:
6118:. Archived from the original on 2010-12-25
5849:
5795:
979:
948:
915:
884:
519:
273:
65:is a mechanical device that increases the
6149:
6108:South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society
5904:Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. (2016-04-20).
5347: – A positive displacement lobe pump
2854:Compressors in ideal thermodynamic cycles
1165:at the final state for the actual process
472:company (an electric utilities company).
7418:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
5032:Gas turbine systems compress the intake
4940:alternating current supply is available.
1615:
1206:Minimizing work required by a compressor
779:
690:
634:
531:
523:
499:
464:(CNG) fueling station built in downtown
447:
415:
404:This type of compressor was used as the
336:
310:
277:
236:
141:
118:
110:
52:
44:
36:
5826:
5405:Perry, R.H.; Green, D.W., eds. (2007).
5400:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5390:
1777:All processes are internally reversible
14:
7599:
5643:
828:Isentropic efficiency of Compressors:
81:is a specific type of gas compressor.
7291:Programmable communicating thermostat
6205:
4860:
2913:Vapor-compression refrigeration Cycle
817:By defining the compression cycle as
528:A single stage centrifugal compressor
332:
241:aDiagram of a rotary screw compressor
7413:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
6087:
6064:Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook
5408:Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook
5387:
5363: – Water-powered air compressor
5095:power the combustion air compressor.
639:An animation of an axial compressor.
630:
49:Natural gas compressor at a gas well
6186:from the original on 14 August 2017
5432:Bloch, H.P.; Hoefner, J.J. (1996).
5268:Electrochemical hydrogen compressor
4923:are possible for large compressors.
4877:of a two or more stage compressor.
2936:Compression of a gas increases its
1694:is the following for each process:
1599:{\displaystyle w_{rev}\geq w_{act}}
24:
7274:Minimum efficiency reporting value
6014:"Non-Flow Thermodynamic Processes"
5854:(Third ed.). Pergamon Press.
5808:from the original on March 4, 2016
5164:brakes—and various other systems (
5104:self-contained breathing apparatus
5015:equipment use compressors to move
1637:process: involves maximum cooling
989:
986:
983:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
925:
922:
919:
916:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
613:Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors
452:A three-stage diaphragm compressor
97:: both increase the pressure on a
25:
7638:
7316:Standard temperature and pressure
7029:Packaged terminal air conditioner
6565:Passive daytime radiative cooling
6294:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
775:Thermodynamics of gas compression
306:
6385:Absorption-compression heat pump
5984:
5934:
5924:from the original on 2017-12-24.
5839:from the original on 2017-03-26.
5827:Maynard, Frank (November 1910).
5615:from the original on 2017-12-24.
5436:. Gulf Professional Publishing.
5275: – Tool for kindling a fire
5225:
5206:
7280:Normal temperature and pressure
6660:Vapor-compression refrigeration
6168:
6069:
6057:
6011:
6005:
5978:
5928:
5897:
5868:
5843:
5820:
5802:Energy and Mining International
5789:
5780:
5771:
5762:
5744:
5726:
5715:from the original on 2017-08-16
5697:
5660:
5654:
5637:
5619:
5577:from the original on 2017-08-17
5568:
5518:download.schneider-electric.com
5466:Adam Davis, Noria Corporation,
5457:Reciprocating Compressor Basics
5367:Vapor-compression refrigeration
5026:vapor-compression refrigeration
4982:
4896:
4501:(the ratio of specific heats).
2843:{\displaystyle Pv^{n}=constant}
2689:{\displaystyle Pv^{k}=constant}
2164:{\displaystyle Pv^{n}=constant}
1841:{\displaystyle Pv^{k}=constant}
6100:Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine
6094:Millar IL, Mouldey PG (2008).
5588:
5562:
5543:
5524:
5473:
5450:
5425:
5138:are compressors that increase
4966:
4885:). (343 atm or 34.8
4373:
4361:
3577:
3529:
3247:
3042:
2925:
2352:
2340:
2248:
2222:
2077:
2065:
1973:
1947:
1632:process: involves some cooling
207:ionic liquid piston compressor
201:Ionic liquid piston compressor
195:Ionic liquid piston compressor
13:
1:
7428:Testing, adjusting, balancing
7372:Building information modeling
7367:Building services engineering
6944:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
6472:Demand controlled ventilation
6420:Building insulation materials
5804:. Phoenix Media Corporation.
5411:(8th ed.). McGraw Hill.
5380:
5373:Variable-speed air compressor
5369: – Refrigeration process
4954:power (this setup known as a
4435:being absolute pressures and
1889:{\displaystyle k=C_{p}/C_{v}}
1627:process: involves no cooling,
6989:High-pressure cut-off switch
6540:Ice storage air conditioning
6461:Dedicated outdoor air system
4481:for an adiabatic process is
2919:compression in a compressor
2909:compression in a compressor
7:
7332:Thermostatic radiator valve
7134:Thermostatic radiator valve
6645:Underfloor air distribution
6580:Radiant heating and cooling
6498:Energy recovery ventilation
6410:Automobile air conditioning
6274:Domestic energy consumption
5875:Aungier, Ronald H. (2000).
5281: – Type of air bearing
5218:
4514:For an isothermal process,
2786:{\displaystyle Pv=constant}
2479:{\displaystyle Pv=constant}
379:. The vane geometry may be
93:Compressors are similar to
32:Compressor (disambiguation)
10:
7643:
7481:Institute of Refrigeration
7362:Architectural technologist
6834:Electrostatic precipitator
6081:toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp
5796:Eric Slack (Winter 2016).
5187:and power pneumatic tools.
5140:internal combustion engine
2929:
2736:{\displaystyle T=constant}
2429:{\displaystyle T=constant}
757:internal combustion engine
642:
539:
494:
476:were used to compress the
419:
344:
341:Mechanism of a scroll pump
285:
282:Eccentric rotary-vane pump
244:
198:
135:
29:
7543:
7534:Volatile organic compound
7509:
7436:
7393:Environmental engineering
7357:Architectural engineering
7340:
7188:
7159:Ultra-low particulate air
6744:Automatic balancing valve
6691:
6672:Variable refrigerant flow
6524:Heat recovery ventilation
6467:Deep water source cooling
6377:
6239:
6182:. www.powderprocess.net.
6152:Oxygen Hacker's Companion
6135:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5910:. John Wiley & Sons.
5661:Inc, Mattei Compressors.
5627:"Single Screw Compressor"
5601:. John Wiley & Sons.
5108:hyperbaric oxygen therapy
5061:In the manufacturing and
2945:polytropic transformation
474:Reciprocating compressors
315:Rolling piston compressor
151:Reciprocating compressors
132:Reciprocating compressors
7617:Diving support equipment
7581:Template:Home automation
7403:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
7099:Solar-assisted heat pump
6699:Air conditioner inverter
6478:Displacement ventilation
6369:Vapour pressure of water
6354:Thermal destratification
5991:Florida State University
5944:Texas A&M University
5644:Jacobs, John S. (2006),
5351:(a lobe-type compressor)
5339:Reciprocating compressor
4451:{\displaystyle \kappa =}
1780:The gas behaves like an
252:Rotary screw compressors
233:Rotary screw compressors
215:ionic liquid piston pump
138:Reciprocating compressor
88:
7576:World Refrigeration Day
7423:Refrigerant reclamation
7352:Architectural acoustics
7296:Programmable thermostat
7228:Clean air delivery rate
7124:Thermal expansion valve
7039:Pressurisation ductwork
6949:Ground source heat pump
6390:Absorption refrigerator
5291:Guided-rotor compressor
5120:surface supplied diving
4868:vapor–liquid separators
4849:{\displaystyle \kappa }
4494:{\displaystyle \kappa }
4459:ratio of specific heats
1485:{\displaystyle T\geq 0}
1281:be kinetic energy, and
805:Isentropic dS is zero.
549:use a rotating disk or
547:Centrifugal compressors
520:Centrifugal compressors
293:Rotary vane compressors
274:Rotary vane compressors
247:Rotary screw compressor
7566:Glossary of HVAC terms
7528:Sick building syndrome
7408:Mechanical engineering
7119:Smoke exhaust ductwork
6550:Mixed-mode ventilation
5309:Liquid-ring compressor
4850:
4836:will be between 1 and
4830:
4809:
4777:
4528:
4495:
4475:
4452:
4390:
4263:
4126:
3817:
3352:polytropic compression
3341:
2844:
2787:
2737:
2690:
2633:
2606:
2576:
2480:
2430:
2380:
2165:
2105:
1890:
1842:
1764:
1737:
1688:
1661:
1621:
1600:
1545:
1486:
1460:
1402:
1298:
1275:
1252:
1232:
1191:
1190:{\displaystyle h_{2s}}
1155:
1154:{\displaystyle h_{2a}}
1119:
1089:
715:
640:
623:mixed-flow compressors
568:natural gas processing
542:Centrifugal compressor
537:
529:
512:at Ragged Shutes near
470:Arizona Public Service
462:compressed natural gas
453:
342:
316:
283:
242:
147:
115:
58:
50:
42:
7586:Template:Solar energy
7264:Intelligent buildings
7223:Carbon dioxide sensor
6610:Room air distribution
6430:Central solar heating
5468:Machinery Lubrication
4851:
4831:
4810:
4778:
4529:
4496:
4476:
4453:
4391:
4264:
4127:
3818:
3342:
2845:
2788:
2738:
2691:
2634:
2632:{\displaystyle P_{2}}
2607:
2605:{\displaystyle P_{1}}
2577:
2481:
2431:
2381:
2166:
2106:
1891:
1843:
1765:
1763:{\displaystyle P_{2}}
1738:
1736:{\displaystyle P_{1}}
1689:
1687:{\displaystyle P_{2}}
1662:
1660:{\displaystyle P_{1}}
1619:
1601:
1546:
1487:
1461:
1403:
1304:be potential energy.
1299:
1276:
1253:
1233:
1192:
1156:
1120:
1118:{\displaystyle h_{1}}
1090:
780:Isentropic compressor
694:
638:
535:
527:
500:Air bubble compressor
451:
416:Diaphragm compressors
395:volumetric efficiency
340:
314:
281:
240:
145:
119:Positive displacement
114:
56:
48:
40:
7388:Duct leakage testing
7378:Deep energy retrofit
7322:Thermographic camera
7259:Infrared thermometer
6734:Air source heat pump
6683:Water heat recycling
6249:Air changes per hour
5262:Compressed air dryer
5244:Cabin pressurization
5234:at Wikimedia Commons
5074:cabin pressurization
4840:
4820:
4799:
4541:
4518:
4485:
4465:
4439:
4301:
4142:
3830:
3361:
2954:
2797:
2747:
2700:
2643:
2616:
2589:
2494:
2440:
2393:
2179:
2118:
1904:
1852:
1795:
1747:
1720:
1671:
1644:
1558:
1497:
1470:
1416:
1315:
1285:
1262:
1242:
1222:
1171:
1135:
1129:at the initial state
1102:
835:
718:Compressors used in
428:diaphragm compressor
422:Diaphragm compressor
227:diaphragm compressor
30:For other uses, see
7254:HVAC control system
7244:Home energy monitor
7218:Building automation
7004:Inverter compressor
6666:Variable air volume
6575:Passive ventilation
6545:Kitchen ventilation
6445:Constant air volume
6415:Autonomous building
5850:Dixon S.L. (1978).
5321:Natterer compressor
5297:Hydrogen compressor
4934:alternating current
4639:
4578:
3796:
3775:
3694:
3673:
3645:
3610:
3576:
3552:
3514:
3464:
3435:
3398:
3234:
3189:
3041:
3013:
489:alternative fueling
458:compressed hydrogen
432:membrane compressor
219:hydrogen compressor
164:Discharge pressures
7517:Indoor air quality
7461:ASTM International
7398:Hydronic balancing
7175:Wood-burning stove
7054:Radiator reflector
6839:Evaporative cooler
6650:Underfloor heating
6635:Thermal insulation
6154:. Airspeed Press.
6150:Harlow, V (2002).
5689:has generic name (
5667:www.matteicomp.com
5555:2007-12-13 at the
5536:2008-01-10 at the
5491:on April 28, 2010.
5462:2009-04-18 at the
5327:Pneumatic cylinder
5315:Hydride compressor
4993:pipeline transport
4861:Staged compression
4846:
4826:
4805:
4773:
4611:
4550:
4524:
4491:
4471:
4448:
4386:
4259:
4122:
3813:
3776:
3755:
3674:
3653:
3625:
3596:
3556:
3532:
3500:
3436:
3421:
3370:
3350:The work done for
3337:
3332:
3207:
3162:
3027:
2999:
2840:
2783:
2733:
2686:
2629:
2602:
2572:
2476:
2426:
2376:
2161:
2101:
1886:
1838:
1774:Flow processes VdP
1760:
1733:
1684:
1657:
1622:
1596:
1541:
1482:
1456:
1398:
1307:Actual Compressor:
1297:{\displaystyle pe}
1294:
1274:{\displaystyle ke}
1271:
1248:
1228:
1187:
1151:
1115:
1085:
716:
641:
538:
530:
454:
385:archimedean spiral
361:scroll vacuum pump
343:
333:Scroll compressors
317:
284:
243:
148:
116:
59:
51:
43:
7594:
7593:
7510:Health and safety
7089:Scroll compressor
7044:Process duct work
6799:Convection heater
6794:Condensing boiler
6724:Air-mixing plenum
6620:Solar combisystem
6456:Cross ventilation
6259:Building envelope
6176:"Blowers (Roots)"
6053:on June 19, 2015.
5833:Popular Mechanics
5709:Purdue University
5631:Daikin Applied UK
5485:www.thomasnet.com
5418:978-0-07-142294-9
5303:Linear compressor
5230:Media related to
5170:windscreen wipers
5100:underwater diving
5047:, and other uses.
4829:{\displaystyle n}
4808:{\displaystyle n}
4767:
4707:
4648:
4527:{\displaystyle n}
4474:{\displaystyle n}
4354:
4245:
4223:
4189:
4109:
4080:
4028:
4006:
3972:
3905:
3871:
3797:
3746:
3695:
3623:
3527:
3327:
3299:
3277:
3245:
3232:
3200:
3187:
3155:
3147:
3141:
3102:
3071:
3067:
2984:
2866:compression in a
2566:
2333:
2299:
2263:
2058:
2024:
1988:
1492:) which produces:
1454:
1251:{\displaystyle w}
1231:{\displaystyle q}
1083:
1020:
993:
650:Axial compressors
631:Axial compressors
581:operations (like
430:(also known as a
353:scroll compressor
347:Scroll compressor
185:linear compressor
174:axial piston pump
16:(Redirected from
7634:
7627:Industrial gases
7622:Gas technologies
7556:Building science
7311:Smart thermostat
7306:Room temperature
6889:Fireplace insert
6595:Radon mitigation
6493:Electric heating
6488:District heating
6483:District cooling
6400:Air conditioning
6226:
6219:
6212:
6203:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6134:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6049:. Archived from
6039:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6018:
6009:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5982:
5976:
5973:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5952:
5946:. Archived from
5941:
5935:Kano, Fumikata.
5932:
5926:
5925:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5778:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5738:news.samsung.com
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5688:
5684:
5682:
5674:
5669:. Archived from
5658:
5652:
5651:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5566:
5560:
5550:Technical Centre
5547:
5541:
5531:Screw Compressor
5528:
5522:
5521:
5510:
5493:
5492:
5487:. Archived from
5477:
5471:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5402:
5350:
5238:Axial compressor
5229:
5210:
5116:diving cylinders
4855:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4756:
4755:
4746:
4734:
4733:
4724:
4723:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4668:
4667:
4649:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4610:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4343:
4342:
4333:
4326:
4325:
4313:
4312:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4212:
4211:
4202:
4190:
4188:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4088:
4081:
4079:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4057:
4056:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3995:
3994:
3985:
3973:
3971:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3921:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3884:
3872:
3870:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3837:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3795:
3784:
3774:
3763:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3693:
3682:
3672:
3661:
3652:
3644:
3633:
3624:
3622:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3584:
3575:
3564:
3551:
3540:
3528:
3526:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3477:
3476:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3434:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3217:
3215:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3172:
3170:
3161:
3156:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3126:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3081:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3046:
3040:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3012:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2812:
2811:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2658:
2657:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2545:
2524:
2523:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2312:
2300:
2298:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2133:
2132:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2037:
2025:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2010:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1958:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1810:
1809:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1576:
1575:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1518:
1517:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1429:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1336:
1335:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1068:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1040:
1039:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1009:
1008:
999:
994:
992:
928:
852:
847:
846:
645:Axial compressor
504:Also known as a
466:Phoenix, Arizona
355:, also known as
288:Rotary vane pump
211:ionic compressor
169:air conditioning
73:by reducing its
21:
7642:
7641:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7631:
7612:Gas compressors
7597:
7596:
7595:
7590:
7551:ASHRAE Handbook
7539:
7523:Passive smoking
7505:
7438:
7432:
7344:
7342:
7336:
7190:
7184:
7165:Whole-house fan
7079:Run-around coil
7074:Reversing valve
7019:Mechanical room
7009:Kerosene heater
6999:Infrared heater
6929:Gasoline heater
6869:Fan filter unit
6784:Condensate pump
6769:Centrifugal fan
6687:
6590:Radiant heating
6585:Radiant cooling
6560:Passive cooling
6555:Microgeneration
6425:Central heating
6373:
6349:Thermal comfort
6241:
6235:
6230:
6200:
6199:
6189:
6187:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6162:
6148:
6144:
6128:
6127:
6121:
6119:
6092:
6088:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6062:
6058:
6041:
6040:
6036:
6026:
6024:
6016:
6010:
6006:
5996:
5994:
5987:"TdS Equations"
5983:
5979:
5974:
5965:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5939:
5933:
5929:
5918:
5902:
5898:
5891:
5873:
5869:
5862:
5848:
5844:
5825:
5821:
5811:
5809:
5794:
5790:
5785:
5781:
5776:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5732:
5731:
5727:
5718:
5716:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5686:
5685:
5676:
5675:
5673:on May 9, 2010.
5659:
5655:
5642:
5638:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5609:
5593:
5589:
5580:
5578:
5567:
5563:
5557:Wayback Machine
5548:
5544:
5538:Wayback Machine
5529:
5525:
5512:
5511:
5496:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5464:Wayback Machine
5455:
5451:
5444:
5430:
5426:
5419:
5403:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5348:
5250:Centrifugal fan
5221:
5214:
5211:
5180:control, etc.).
5069:and containers.
5067:plastic bottles
5056:pneumatic tools
5013:air conditioner
4985:
4969:
4927:Electric motors
4899:
4863:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4715:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4687:
4685:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4640:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4591:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4427:
4412:
4405:
4376:
4360:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4308:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4231:
4229:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4178:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4069:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4014:
4012:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3961:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3911:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3860:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3785:
3780:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3735:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3683:
3678:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3634:
3629:
3612:
3605:
3600:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3565:
3560:
3541:
3536:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3415:
3411:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3285:
3283:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3239:
3235:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3194:
3190:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3152:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3036:
3031:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3003:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2934:
2928:
2920:
2910:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2870:
2856:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2355:
2339:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2288:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2268:
2252:
2242:
2238:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2080:
2064:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1977:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1614:
1584:
1580:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1529:
1525:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1387:
1373:
1369:
1347:
1343:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1076:
1072:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1000:
998:
929:
853:
851:
842:
838:
836:
833:
832:
782:
777:
689:
647:
633:
615:
544:
522:
514:Cobalt, Ontario
502:
497:
424:
418:
349:
335:
309:
290:
276:
249:
235:
203:
197:
140:
134:
121:
91:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7640:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7592:
7591:
7589:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7547:
7545:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7531:
7525:
7520:
7513:
7511:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7442:
7440:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7348:
7346:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7301:Psychrometrics
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7277:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7198:Air flow meter
7194:
7192:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6974:Heating system
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6954:Heat exchanger
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6919:Gas compressor
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6854:Expansion tank
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6774:Ceramic heater
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6695:
6693:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6669:
6663:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6615:Solar air heat
6612:
6607:
6605:Renewable heat
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6521:
6516:
6514:Forced-air gas
6511:
6506:
6501:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6366:
6364:Thermodynamics
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6334:Psychrometrics
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6289:Gas compressor
6286:
6284:Fluid dynamics
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6245:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6229:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6206:
6198:
6197:
6167:
6160:
6142:
6086:
6068:
6056:
6034:
6004:
5977:
5963:
5927:
5916:
5896:
5889:
5867:
5860:
5842:
5819:
5788:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5756:www.daikin.com
5743:
5725:
5696:
5653:
5636:
5618:
5607:
5587:
5561:
5542:
5523:
5494:
5472:
5449:
5442:
5424:
5417:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5370:
5364:
5358:
5352:
5342:
5336:
5333:Pneumatic tube
5330:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5288:
5285:Hot air engine
5282:
5276:
5270:
5265:
5259:
5256:Compressed air
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5188:
5181:
5154:compressed air
5150:road transport
5143:
5129:
5123:
5096:
5079:Some types of
5077:
5070:
5059:
5052:compressed air
5048:
5037:
5030:
5006:
5003:
4996:
4984:
4981:
4977:power inverter
4968:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4951:
4948:petrol engines
4944:Diesel engines
4941:
4924:
4921:water turbines
4917:Steam turbines
4914:
4898:
4895:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4845:
4825:
4804:
4784:
4783:
4771:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4647:
4644:
4635:
4631:
4623:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4574:
4570:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4523:
4512:
4511:
4490:
4470:
4447:
4444:
4432:
4425:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4295:
4294:
4270:
4269:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3824:
3823:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3579:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3348:
3347:
3334:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3249:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3074:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2930:Main article:
2927:
2924:
2855:
2852:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2626:
2622:
2599:
2595:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2387:
2386:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2112:
2111:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1789:
1788:
1786:specific heats
1784:with constant
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1757:
1753:
1730:
1726:
1681:
1677:
1654:
1650:
1613:
1610:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1408:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1293:
1290:
1270:
1267:
1247:
1227:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1166:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1130:
1112:
1108:
1096:
1095:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1003:
997:
991:
988:
985:
982:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
927:
924:
921:
918:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
850:
845:
841:
802:dH = VdP +TdS
781:
778:
776:
773:
688:
685:
643:Main article:
632:
629:
614:
611:
556:oil refineries
540:Main article:
521:
518:
510:Montreal River
501:
498:
496:
493:
487:The prototype
420:Main article:
417:
414:
345:Main article:
334:
331:
308:
307:Rolling piston
305:
275:
272:
256:helical screws
245:Main article:
234:
231:
199:Main article:
196:
193:
136:Main article:
133:
130:
120:
117:
90:
87:
79:air compressor
26:
18:Gas compressor
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7639:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:organizations
7435:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7383:Duct cleaning
7381:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7339:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7234:Control valve
7232:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7187:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7154:Turning vanes
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7129:Thermal wheel
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7094:Solar chimney
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6864:Fan coil unit
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6809:Cooling tower
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6670:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6655:Vapor barrier
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6630:Solar heating
6628:
6626:
6625:Solar cooling
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6600:Refrigeration
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6570:Passive house
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6440:Chilled water
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6339:Sensible heat
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:Noise control
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6299:Heat transfer
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6238:
6234:
6227:
6222:
6220:
6215:
6213:
6208:
6207:
6204:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6163:
6161:0-9678873-2-1
6157:
6153:
6146:
6138:
6132:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6090:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6065:
6060:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6038:
6023:. buffalo.edu
6022:
6015:
6008:
5992:
5988:
5981:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5953:on 2014-08-11
5949:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5923:
5919:
5917:9781119117889
5913:
5909:
5908:
5900:
5892:
5890:0-7918-0093-8
5886:
5882:
5878:
5871:
5863:
5861:0-08-022722-8
5857:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5823:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5792:
5783:
5774:
5765:
5757:
5753:
5747:
5739:
5735:
5729:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5692:
5680:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5657:
5649:
5648:
5640:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5608:9781119100003
5604:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5546:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5527:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5453:
5445:
5443:0-88415-525-0
5439:
5435:
5428:
5420:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5386:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5152:vehicles use
5151:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5136:superchargers
5133:
5132:Turbochargers
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5112:breathing gas
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5063:blow moulding
5060:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5009:Refrigeration
5007:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4894:
4892:
4889:or 5.04
4888:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4871:
4869:
4843:
4823:
4802:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4769:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4645:
4642:
4633:
4629:
4621:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4572:
4568:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4521:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4488:
4468:
4460:
4445:
4442:
4431:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4381:
4377:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4356:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4276:is pressure,
4275:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3825:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3109:
3104:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3072:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3048:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2903:Brayton Cycle
2898:
2894:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:Rankine Cycle
2851:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2624:
2620:
2597:
2593:
2568:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2335:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2060:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1755:
1751:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1679:
1675:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1609:
1606:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1551:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1412:Furthermore,
1395:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1291:
1288:
1268:
1265:
1245:
1225:
1216:
1200:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1164:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1128:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1001:
995:
848:
843:
839:
831:
830:
829:
826:
824:
820:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
795:
791:
787:
772:
768:
764:
762:
758:
752:
748:
745:
741:
740:semi-hermetic
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:refrigeration
713:
709:
706:
702:
698:
693:
684:
682:
678:
673:
671:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
646:
637:
628:
625:
624:
619:
610:
607:
601:
599:
596:
592:
591:turbochargers
588:
587:superchargers
584:
580:
575:
571:
569:
565:
564:petrochemical
561:
557:
552:
548:
543:
534:
526:
517:
515:
511:
507:
492:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
450:
446:
444:
439:
435:
433:
429:
423:
413:
409:
407:
402:
398:
396:
391:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
348:
339:
330:
326:
323:
320:
313:
304:
301:
297:
294:
289:
280:
271:
267:
264:
260:
257:
253:
248:
239:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
202:
192:
188:
186:
181:
178:
176:
175:
170:
165:
161:
156:
152:
144:
139:
129:
125:
113:
109:
106:
104:
100:
96:
86:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
55:
47:
39:
33:
19:
7561:Fireproofing
7345:and services
7341:Professions,
7239:Gas detector
7139:Trickle vent
7114:Smoke damper
7109:Smoke canopy
7104:Space heater
7034:Plenum space
6969:Heating film
6849:Exhaust hood
6819:Dehumidifier
6803:
6759:Blast damper
6754:Barrier pipe
6729:Air purifier
6640:Thermosiphon
6519:Free cooling
6435:Chilled beam
6359:Thermal mass
6344:Stack effect
6329:Particulates
6309:Infiltration
6240:Fundamental
6188:. Retrieved
6179:
6170:
6151:
6145:
6131:cite journal
6120:. Retrieved
6103:
6099:
6089:
6080:
6071:
6063:
6059:
6051:the original
6047:www.asme.org
6046:
6037:
6025:. Retrieved
6021:courses.sens
6020:
6007:
5995:. Retrieved
5990:
5980:
5955:. Retrieved
5948:the original
5943:
5930:
5906:
5899:
5876:
5870:
5851:
5845:
5832:
5822:
5812:February 27,
5810:. Retrieved
5801:
5791:
5782:
5773:
5764:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5728:
5717:. Retrieved
5708:
5699:
5671:the original
5666:
5656:
5646:
5639:
5630:
5621:
5597:
5590:
5579:. Retrieved
5564:
5545:
5526:
5517:
5489:the original
5484:
5475:
5467:
5452:
5433:
5427:
5406:
5345:Roots blower
5279:Foil bearing
5191:Fire pistons
5162:road vehicle
5158:rail vehicle
5076:at altitude.
5024:
5023:cycles (see
5000:gas carriers
4986:
4983:Applications
4970:
4960:turbocharger
4956:supercharger
4931:single-phase
4900:
4897:Drive motors
4879:
4872:
4864:
4788:
4785:
4513:
4503:
4429:
4422:
4407:
4400:
4398:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4134:
3349:
2942:
2935:
2899:compression
2893:Diesel Cycle
2889:compression
2879:compression
2873:Carnot Cycle
2857:
2584:
2389:Isothermal (
2388:
2114:Polytropic (
2113:
1791:Isentropic (
1790:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1639:
1623:
1607:
1552:
1410:
1306:
1217:
1214:
827:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
783:
769:
765:
753:
749:
739:
735:
731:
717:
712:auto-defrost
697:refrigerator
674:
664:
660:
658:
649:
648:
621:
617:
616:
602:
576:
572:
546:
545:
503:
486:
455:
440:
436:
431:
427:
425:
410:
406:supercharger
403:
399:
392:
389:
367:or compress
360:
356:
352:
350:
327:
324:
321:
318:
302:
298:
292:
291:
268:
265:
261:
251:
250:
223:ionic liquid
221:based on an
214:
210:
204:
189:
182:
179:
172:
150:
149:
126:
122:
107:
92:
83:
62:
60:
7571:Warm Spaces
7213:Blower door
7191:and control
7189:Measurement
7170:Windcatcher
7144:Trombe wall
7084:Sail switch
7064:Refrigerant
7059:Recuperator
6934:Grease duct
6894:Freeze stat
6879:Fire damper
6749:Back boiler
6719:Air ionizer
6714:Air handler
6678:Ventilation
6530:Hybrid heat
6395:Air barrier
6314:Latent heat
5687:|last=
5470:, July 2005
5355:Slip factor
5273:Fire piston
5232:Compressors
5156:to operate
5081:jet engines
5021:refrigerant
4967:Lubrication
4938:three phase
4911:jet engines
4883:atmospheres
4875:intercooler
4413:in degrees
4280:is volume,
2938:temperature
2926:Temperature
1466:and T is (
724:refrigerant
708:refrigerant
681:gas turbine
670:Mach number
595:gas turbine
583:ski resorts
577:Many large
566:plants and
478:natural gas
357:scroll pump
7601:Categories
7327:Thermostat
7249:Humidistat
7180:Zone valve
7149:TurboSwing
7024:Oil heater
6994:Humidifier
6924:Gas heater
6874:Fan heater
6844:Evaporator
6829:Economizer
6804:Compressor
6709:Air filter
6692:Components
6509:Forced-air
6405:Antifreeze
6378:Technology
6324:Outgassing
6264:Convection
6122:2009-02-28
6110:: 145–51.
6027:2 February
5997:1 February
5957:2017-08-16
5719:2017-08-16
5581:2017-08-16
5381:References
5195:heat pumps
5148:and heavy
5126:Submarines
5034:combustion
4793:Polytropic
4508:Isothermal
2947:of a gas:
2917:Isentropic
2907:Isentropic
2897:Isentropic
2887:Isentropic
2883:Otto Cycle
2877:Isentropic
2864:Isentropic
1635:isothermal
1630:polytropic
1625:isentropic
819:isentropic
814:dH = PdV
790:isentropic
788:, thus an
747:industry.
677:polytropic
579:snowmaking
286:See also:
160:horsepower
63:compressor
7437:Industry
7286:OpenTherm
6964:Heat pump
6959:Heat pipe
6909:Fume hood
6884:Fireplace
6789:Condenser
6739:Attic fan
6535:Hydronics
6190:15 August
5514:"Ref Doc"
5089:turbofans
5085:turbojets
5083:—such as
5054:to power
4844:κ
4739:
4713:−
4683:
4613:∫
4552:∫
4489:κ
4443:κ
4382:κ
4368:−
4365:κ
4291:Adiabatic
4272:in which
4249:−
4236:−
4183:−
4152:−
4112:−
4074:−
4032:−
4019:−
3966:−
3924:−
3916:−
3865:−
3800:−
3790:−
3769:−
3740:−
3698:−
3688:−
3667:−
3639:−
3617:−
3570:−
3554:−
3546:−
3521:−
3471:−
3438:∫
3372:∫
3290:−
3248:⇒
3223:−
3178:−
3132:−
3043:⇒
2366:−
2347:−
2293:−
2257:−
2236:−
2091:−
2072:−
2018:−
1982:−
1961:−
1782:ideal gas
1578:≥
1523:δ
1520:≥
1501:δ
1477:≥
1432:δ
1426:≥
1393:≥
1341:δ
1338:−
1319:δ
1258:be work,
1238:be heat,
1070:−
1042:−
1023:≅
840:η
808:dH = VdP
786:adiabatic
759:or steam
7544:See also
7269:LonWorks
7203:Aquastat
7069:Register
7049:Radiator
6704:Air door
6504:Firestop
6304:Humidity
6279:Enthalpy
6269:Dilution
6254:Bake-out
6242:concepts
6184:Archived
6116:22692708
5922:Archived
5837:Archived
5806:Archived
5798:"Sertco"
5713:Archived
5679:cite web
5613:Archived
5575:Archived
5553:Archived
5534:Archived
5460:Archived
5219:See also
5093:turbines
4907:turbines
3154:constant
2983:constant
2932:Gas laws
2915:1->2
2905:1->2
2895:1->2
2885:1->2
2875:4->1
2862:1->2
1848:, where
1199:enthalpy
1163:enthalpy
1127:enthalpy
732:hermetic
728:hermetic
654:airfoils
618:Diagonal
560:chemical
551:impeller
381:involute
371:such as
158:30
67:pressure
7343:trades,
6914:Furnace
6779:Chiller
6451:Coolant
5883:Press.
5835:: 633.
5178:gearbox
5065:of PET
5045:welding
5041:medical
4419:kelvins
4415:Rankine
1197:is the
1161:is the
1125:is the
796:is 0.
794:entropy
761:turbine
701:freezer
665:stators
598:engines
495:Dynamic
468:by the
373:liquids
155:pistons
7496:SMACNA
7456:ASHRAE
7276:(MERV)
7230:(CADR)
7208:BACnet
7161:(ULPA)
7014:Louver
6939:Grille
6814:Damper
6764:Boiler
6662:(VCRS)
6463:(DOAS)
6158:
6114:
5993:. Famu
5985:Alvi.
5914:
5887:
5858:
5605:
5440:
5415:
5361:Trompe
5174:engine
3070:
2943:For a
2911:Ideal
2901:Ideal
2891:Ideal
2881:Ideal
2871:Ideal
2858:Ideal
661:rotors
506:trompe
482:Sertco
369:fluids
75:volume
7536:(VOC)
7530:(SBS)
7519:(IAQ)
7476:CIBSE
7471:BSRIA
7374:(BIM)
7318:(STP)
7282:(NTP)
6904:Freon
6674:(VRF)
6668:(VAV)
6526:(HRV)
6500:(ERV)
6474:(DCV)
6447:(CAV)
6106:(2).
6017:(PDF)
6012:Mae.
5951:(PDF)
5940:(PDF)
5569:ICS.
5185:tires
5166:doors
5118:. In
4399:with
744:motor
738:, or
705:R600a
377:gases
217:is a
99:fluid
95:pumps
89:Types
77:. An
69:of a
7491:LEED
7451:AMCA
7446:AHRI
6979:HEPA
6899:Flue
6824:Duct
6192:2017
6156:ISBN
6137:link
6112:PMID
6029:2023
5999:2023
5912:ISBN
5885:ISBN
5881:ASME
5856:ISBN
5814:2016
5691:help
5603:ISBN
5438:ISBN
5413:ISBN
5193:and
5146:Rail
5134:and
5087:and
5036:air.
5017:heat
5011:and
4905:Gas
4428:and
4406:and
2868:pump
1743:and
1218:Let
823:ASME
736:open
589:and
562:and
460:and
375:and
365:pump
359:and
153:use
103:pipe
7501:UMC
7486:IIR
7466:BRE
6859:Fan
5160:or
5098:In
5019:in
4991:In
4975:or
4973:VFD
4946:or
4919:or
4891:ksi
4887:MPa
4417:or
4135:so
2743:or
2612:to
2486:):
2436:or
2171:):
1896:):
1667:to
699:or
620:or
606:CNC
443:CNG
213:or
205:An
177:).
71:gas
7603::
6178:.
6133:}}
6129:{{
6104:38
6102:.
6098:.
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5989:.
5966:^
5942:.
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5754:.
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5711:.
5707:.
5683::
5681:}}
5677:{{
5665:.
5629:.
5611:.
5573:.
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5497:^
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4962:).
4893:)
4870:.
4736:ln
4680:ln
4421:,
2940:.
1553:or
734:,
558:,
484:.
426:A
397:.
383:,
351:A
229:.
209:,
183:A
61:A
6225:e
6218:t
6211:v
6194:.
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4803:n
4770:)
4763:1
4759:p
4753:2
4749:p
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4731:1
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4710:=
4703:1
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4657:=
4654:V
4651:d
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4589:=
4586:V
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4580:p
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4545:W
4522:n
4469:n
4446:=
4433:1
4430:p
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4411:2
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4378:/
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4315:=
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3881:(
3875:(
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3834:=
3811:=
3807:)
3803:1
3793:n
3787:1
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3766:1
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3757:V
3750:(
3743:n
3737:1
3730:1
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3716:p
3709:=
3705:)
3701:1
3691:n
3685:1
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3670:n
3664:1
3659:2
3655:V
3648:(
3642:n
3636:1
3631:1
3627:V
3620:n
3614:1
3607:n
3602:1
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3592:1
3588:p
3581:=
3578:)
3573:n
3567:1
3562:1
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3549:n
3543:1
3538:2
3534:V
3530:(
3524:n
3518:1
3511:n
3506:1
3502:V
3496:1
3492:p
3485:=
3482:V
3479:d
3474:n
3467:V
3459:2
3455:V
3447:1
3443:V
3432:n
3427:1
3423:V
3417:1
3413:p
3409:=
3406:V
3403:d
3400:p
3393:2
3389:V
3381:1
3377:V
3368:=
3365:W
3323:1
3319:T
3313:2
3309:T
3303:=
3297:n
3293:1
3287:n
3280:)
3273:1
3269:p
3263:2
3259:p
3253:(
3241:2
3237:T
3230:n
3226:1
3220:n
3213:2
3209:p
3203:=
3196:1
3192:T
3185:n
3181:1
3175:n
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3164:p
3158:=
3150:=
3145:T
3139:n
3135:1
3129:n
3123:p
3110:n
3105:)
3098:2
3094:V
3088:1
3084:V
3078:(
3073:=
3063:1
3059:p
3053:2
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3010:n
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2995:1
2991:p
2987:=
2979:=
2974:n
2970:V
2966:p
2960:{
2838:t
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2814:=
2809:n
2805:v
2801:P
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2760:c
2757:=
2754:v
2751:P
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2710:c
2707:=
2704:T
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2663:c
2660:=
2655:k
2651:v
2647:P
2625:2
2621:P
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2538:n
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2526:=
2521:n
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2515:,
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2450:=
2447:v
2444:P
2424:t
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2400:=
2397:T
2373:]
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2361:n
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2341:(
2336:)
2329:1
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2303:[
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2260:1
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2249:)
2244:1
2240:T
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2227:T
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2220:R
2217:n
2211:=
2206:n
2203:i
2200:,
2197:p
2194:m
2191:o
2188:c
2184:W
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2153:a
2150:t
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2141:o
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2135:=
2130:n
2126:v
2122:P
2098:]
2094:1
2086:k
2082:/
2078:)
2075:1
2069:k
2066:(
2061:)
2054:1
2050:P
2044:2
2040:P
2034:(
2028:[
2021:1
2015:k
2008:1
2004:T
2000:R
1997:k
1991:=
1985:1
1979:k
1974:)
1969:1
1965:T
1956:2
1952:T
1948:(
1945:R
1942:k
1936:=
1931:n
1928:i
1925:,
1922:p
1919:m
1916:o
1913:c
1909:W
1882:v
1878:C
1873:/
1867:p
1863:C
1859:=
1856:k
1836:t
1833:n
1830:a
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1812:=
1807:k
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1799:P
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1676:P
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1649:P
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1480:0
1474:T
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1111:1
1107:h
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1050:1
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1030:h
1016:a
1012:W
1006:s
1002:W
996:=
990:k
987:r
984:o
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977:r
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971:s
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959:p
956:m
953:o
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907:s
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861:e
858:s
855:I
849:=
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34:.
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