284:
187:
177:
A third method, developed by Funk and
Buchman, and refined by others, classifies electronic games into six categories: general entertainment (no fighting or destruction), educational (learning or problem-solving), fantasy violence (cartoon characters that must fight or destroy things, and risk being
83:
This is a classification scheme proposed by
Allison and Barrett that categorizes games by their form (i.e. whether they are novel games proposed by the teacher or children, or whether they are existing games already widely played), by the movement skills that they require, by the "movement concepts"
54:
This is a classification scheme proposed by Nicols, who classifies games according to three major categories: the game's physical requirements (i.e. what the game requires in addition to the players — equipment, size and nature of playing field, and so forth), the structure of the game (i.e. number
110:
Solomon puts forward a "commonsense, but broad" classification of video games, into simulations (the game reflects reality), abstract games (the game itself is the focus of interest), and sports. In addition to these, he points out that games (in general, not just video games) fall into classes
90:
This is a classification scheme proposed by
Gallahue and Celand that classifies games into four developmental levels, as part of an overall educational strategy of applying, reinforcing, and implementing movement and sports skills. The levels, in ascending order, are "low-level", "complex",
143:, although acknowledging that others argue that such games do not constitute a game, because they lack any element of competition. He asserts that such zero-player games are nonetheless games because they are used recreationally.
178:
killed, to achieve a goal), human violence (like fantasy violence, but with human rather than cartoon characters), nonviolent sports (no fighting or destruction), and sports violence (fighting or destruction involved).
55:
of players, groupings of players, strategies, and so forth), and the game's personal requirements (i.e. what the game requires of the player — motor skills, fitness levels, numeracy, social skills, and so forth).
676:
95:
Games further divided as per the physical activity are mainly divided into three categories: soft active sports, medium active sports, and highly active sports.
61:
This is a classification scheme proposed by Werner and
Alomond that classifies games according to their strategies. It divides games into target games (e.g.
403:
Wright, John C; Huston, Aletha C; Vandewater, Elizabeth A; Bickham, David S; Scantlin, Ronda M; Kotler, Jennifer A; Caplovitz, Allison Gilman; Lee, June H;
695:
593:
683:
574:
743:
617:
303:
665:
519:
446:
387:
347:
710:
210:
738:
581:
506:
226:
221:
608:
140:
575:"Game Usage Mining: Information Gathering for Knowledge Discovery in Massive Multiplayer Games"
407:; Finkelstein, Jonathan (January 2001). "American children's use of electronic media in 1997".
230:
147:
644:
536:
74:
8:
632:
265:
404:
171:
44:
696:"Games classification system: Teaching strategic understanding and tactical awareness"
420:
365:
Investigating the
Assumptions of Pedagogy in Journal of Teaching in Physical Education
682:. Fraunhofer Integrated Publication and Information Systems Institute. Archived from
661:
551:
515:
487:
479:
442:
383:
343:
247:
471:
416:
318:
297:
163:
136:
104:
475:
194:
Games can be categorized by the source of uncertainty which confront the players:
146:
Another method, developed by Wright, divides games into the following categories:
22:
261:
235:
159:
128:
252:
Game theory classifies games according to several criteria: whether a game is a
677:"Single Display Gaming: Examining Collaborative Games for Multi-User Tabletops"
312:
253:
84:
and game tactics that they require, and by the educational results of the game.
462:
Funk, Jeanne B; Buchman, Debra D (February 1995). "Video Game
Controversies".
337:
103:
There are several methods of classifying video games, alongside the system of
732:
555:
483:
308:
203:
167:
155:
289:
491:
283:
269:
198:
151:
186:
112:
645:"Game Taxonomies: A High Level Framework for Game Analysis and Design"
338:
Swain, David P.; David L. Gallahue; Frances
Cleland Donnelly (2003).
120:
111:
according to the number of players. Games with two players encompass
257:
166:), other vehicular simulators (not covered by driving and racing),
132:
139:
are one-player games. He also includes zero-player games, such as
70:
62:
43:
There are four basic approaches to classifying the games used in
367:. Vol. 20. Human Kinetics Publishers Inc. pp. 112–128.
66:
655:
402:
124:
116:
675:
Pape, Sebastian; Laura Dietz; Peter
Tandler (2 April 2004).
674:
591:
217:
Based on these three causes, three classes of games arise:
181:
601:
The
Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance
170:(e.g. adventure games, war games, strategic simulations,
594:"Teaching Games for Understanding: Evolution of a Model"
213:
among the players (each player knows only his own cards)
508:
340:
Developmental Physical Education for Today's Children
35:. Many different methods of classifying games exist.
279:
572:
437:Strasburger, Victor C.; Wilson, Barbara J. (2002).
260:, constant sum, and so forth), whether a game is a
107:commonly used by retailers and player communities.
436:
730:
656:Pivec, Maja; Anni Koubek; Claudio Dondi (2004).
592:Bunker, David; Rod Thorpe; Peter Werner (1996).
268:or imperfect information, and whether a game is
264:or a simultaneous one, whether a game comprises
382:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–11.
256:or an asymmetric one, what a game's "sum" is (
660:. Pabst Science Publishers. pp. 54–57.
693:
504:
461:
409:Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
150:or informative, sports, sensorimotor (e.g.
31:is the classification of games, forming a
618:"The Nature and Classification of Games"
185:
119:. Games with multiple players encompass
642:
534:
441:. Sage Publications. pp. 122–123.
432:
430:
377:
182:Classification by causes of uncertainty
731:
615:
206:(a large number of sequences of moves)
573:Tveit, Amund; Gisle B. Tveit (2002).
38:
616:Vossen, Deborah P. (21 April 2004).
427:
362:
342:. Human Kinetics. pp. 571–573.
127:, and marketed family games such as
21:For board games classification, see
439:Children, Adolescents and the Media
304:Entertainment Software Rating Board
13:
658:Guidelines for Game-Based Learning
566:
69:); striking and field games (e.g.
14:
755:
744:Classification systems by subject
643:Lindley, C. A. (3 October 2003).
91:"lead-up", and "official sports".
282:
315:– another classification scheme
190:Causes of uncertainty in a game
535:Kastner, Hugo (January 2014).
528:
498:
455:
396:
371:
356:
331:
241:
98:
1:
476:10.3928/0090-4481-19950201-08
421:10.1016/S0193-3973(00)00064-2
324:
248:Game theory § Game types
174:, and puzzles), and "other".
73:); and invasion games (e.g.
23:Board game § Categories
7:
537:"100 Highlight among games"
275:
65:); net or wall games (e.g.
16:Taxonomy of game activities
10:
760:
709:(4): 14–19. Archived from
631:(1): 75–77. Archived from
505:Bewersdorff, Jörg (2004).
295:
245:
20:
514:. AK Peters. p. xi.
694:Hopper, Tim; Rick Bell.
162:games, and driving and
58:Games for understanding
378:Solomon, Eric (1984).
191:
544:WIN the Games Journal
189:
141:Conway's Game of Life
209:Different states of
716:on 22 December 2009
266:perfect information
222:Combinatorial games
87:Developmental games
29:Game classification
587:on 5 October 2003.
192:
172:role-playing games
45:physical education
39:Physical education
638:on 24 April 2009.
611:on 10 March 2004.
380:Games Programming
363:Rink, J. (2001).
227:Games of bluffing
164:racing simulators
105:video game genres
751:
739:Game terminology
725:
723:
721:
715:
700:
690:
689:on 26 June 2007.
688:
681:
671:
652:
639:
637:
622:
612:
607:. Archived from
598:
588:
586:
580:. Archived from
579:
560:
559:
541:
532:
526:
525:
513:
502:
496:
495:
464:Pediatric Annals
459:
453:
452:
434:
425:
424:
405:Hofferth, Sandra
400:
394:
393:
375:
369:
368:
360:
354:
353:
335:
319:Video game genre
298:Outline of games
292:
287:
286:
759:
758:
754:
753:
752:
750:
749:
748:
729:
728:
719:
717:
713:
698:
686:
679:
668:
635:
620:
596:
584:
577:
569:
567:Further reading
564:
563:
539:
533:
529:
522:
511:
503:
499:
460:
456:
449:
435:
428:
401:
397:
390:
376:
372:
361:
357:
350:
336:
332:
327:
300:
288:
281:
278:
262:sequential game
250:
244:
236:Games of chance
184:
154:, video games,
101:
51:Game categories
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
757:
747:
746:
741:
727:
726:
691:
672:
666:
653:
640:
613:
589:
568:
565:
562:
561:
550:(460): 36–37.
527:
520:
497:
454:
447:
426:
395:
388:
370:
355:
348:
329:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
316:
313:Game of chance
306:
296:Main article:
294:
293:
277:
274:
254:symmetric game
246:Main article:
243:
240:
239:
238:
233:
224:
215:
214:
207:
201:
183:
180:
168:strategy games
135:. Puzzles and
100:
97:
93:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
59:
56:
52:
40:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
756:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
734:
712:
708:
704:
697:
692:
685:
678:
673:
669:
667:1-59326-072-5
663:
659:
654:
650:
646:
641:
634:
630:
626:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
595:
590:
583:
576:
571:
570:
557:
553:
549:
545:
538:
531:
523:
521:1-56881-210-8
517:
510:
509:
501:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
458:
450:
448:0-7619-2125-7
444:
440:
433:
431:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
399:
391:
389:0-521-27110-X
385:
381:
374:
366:
359:
351:
349:0-7360-3388-2
345:
341:
334:
330:
320:
317:
314:
310:
309:Game of skill
307:
305:
302:
301:
299:
291:
285:
280:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
249:
237:
234:
232:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
212:
208:
205:
204:Combinatorics
202:
200:
197:
196:
195:
188:
179:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
108:
106:
96:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
49:
48:
46:
36:
34:
33:game taxonomy
30:
24:
19:
718:. Retrieved
711:the original
706:
702:
684:the original
657:
648:
633:the original
628:
624:
609:the original
604:
600:
582:the original
547:
543:
530:
507:
500:
470:(2): 91–94.
467:
463:
457:
438:
415:(1): 31–47.
412:
408:
398:
379:
373:
364:
358:
339:
333:
290:Games portal
251:
216:
193:
176:
160:shoot 'em up
152:action games
145:
109:
102:
94:
80:Core content
42:
32:
28:
27:
18:
270:determinate
242:Game theory
211:information
148:educational
113:board games
99:Video games
733:Categories
720:9 February
325:References
121:card games
649:Gamasutra
556:0257-361X
484:0090-4481
137:Solitaire
276:See also
258:zero-sum
231:strategy
156:fighting
133:Scrabble
129:Monopoly
123:such as
115:such as
75:football
703:Cahperd
492:7724256
71:cricket
63:archery
664:
625:Avante
554:
518:
490:
482:
445:
386:
346:
199:Chance
67:tennis
714:(PDF)
699:(PDF)
687:(PDF)
680:(PDF)
636:(PDF)
621:(PDF)
597:(PDF)
585:(PDF)
578:(PDF)
540:(PDF)
512:(PDF)
125:poker
117:chess
722:2007
662:ISBN
552:ISSN
516:ISBN
488:PMID
480:ISSN
443:ISBN
384:ISBN
344:ISBN
311:and
229:and
158:and
131:and
472:doi
417:doi
735::
707:66
705:.
701:.
647:.
629:10
627:.
623:.
605:67
603:.
599:.
548:38
546:.
542:.
486:.
478:.
468:24
466:.
429:^
413:22
411:.
272:.
77:).
47::
724:.
670:.
651:.
558:.
524:.
494:.
474::
451:.
423:.
419::
392:.
352:.
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
