Gallimimus - Knowledge

931: 1820: 122: 618: 6760: 1118: 8883: 6753: 882: 1892: 5257: 1321: 6082: 6068: 2061:. The skull was also proportionally larger in the younger specimens, and the sloping of the snout's upper profile was less distinct. The ribs in the neck were fused to the vertebrae only in adults. The forelimbs appear to have become proportionally longer during growth, whereas the proportional length of the bones in the hind limbs changed very little. In 2012, palaeontologist Darla K. Zelenitsky and colleagues concluded that, since adult ornithomimosaurs had wing-like structures on their arms whereas juveniles did not (as evidenced by specimens of 1567: 767: 8335: 2122: 7548: 8321: 2399: 6061: 8328: 1202: 5263: 1306: 2005:("warm" or "cold"-blooded) metabolism, an intake which he found to be unfeasible if it was a filter feeder. He also found that ornithomimids were abundant not only in formations that represented mesic environments, but also in arid environments where there would be insufficient water to sustain a diet based on filter-feeding. In 2007, palaeontologist Espen M. Knutsen wrote that the beak shape of ornithomimids, when compared to those of modern birds, was consistent with omnivory or high-fibre herbivory. 6767: 147: 6075: 8896: 1730: 7566: 1669: 7554: 1043: 1445: 1523: 7573: 8890: 8315: 734: 1357: 1501: 1418: 7561: 2045: 1786:, extending 20 centimetres (7.9 in) below the layer with the tracks. It is possible the fossil represents an animal that died in its tracks, but the depth of the foot in the mud may be too shallow for it to have become mired. It may also have been killed by a flood, after which it was buried in a pond. However, the layers of mud and sand do not indicate flooding but probably a dry environment, and the disrupted 1545: 9018: 4685: 1791:

across the floor of a pond, breaking through the sediment layer with the tracks while it was soaked from rain or contained water. The animal may have died in this position from thirst, hunger, or another reason, and mud then deposited on the sand, thereby covering and preserving the tracks and the carcass. The foot may have become clenched and disarticulated as it decomposed, which made the

1474: 2989: 1194:(hand) was proportionally short compared to those of other ornithomimosaurs, having the smallest manus to humerus length ratio of any member of the group, but was otherwise similar in structure. It had three fingers, which were similarly developed; the first (the "thumb") was the strongest, the third was the weakest and the second was the longest. The 1849:(due to the seemingly loose connection between some of the bones at the back of the skull), a feature which allows individual bones of the skull to move in relation to each other. They also proposed that it did not use its short handed forelimbs for bringing food to the mouth, but for raking or digging in the ground to access food. The hands of 1216:(pubic bone) was long and slender, ending in a pubic boot which expanded to the front and back, a general feature of ornithomimosaurs. The hind limbs differed little from those of other ornithomimids, and were proportionally longer than in other theropods. The femur was nearly straight, long and slender, with a sideways flattened shaft. The 900:(thigh bone) was 660 millimetres (2.17 ft). It would have weighed about 400–490 kilograms (880–1,080 lb). In comparison, one juvenile specimen (ZPAL MgD-I/94) was about 2.15 metres (7.1 ft) long, 0.79 metres (2.6 ft) tall at the hip, and weighed about 26–30.2 kilograms (57–67 lb). Based on fossils of the related 1182:(upper arm bone), which had a near circular cross-section, was long and twisted. The deltopectoral crest on the upper front part of the humerus was comparatively small, and therefore provided little surface for attachment of upper arm muscles. The ulna was slender, long and weakly curved, with a nearly triangular shaft. The 1105:. The neck appears to have been proportionally longer in relation to the trunk than in other ornithomimids. The neck was divided into two distinct sections: the cervical vertebrae at the front had centra which were nearly triangular in side view and tapered towards the back, as well as low neural arches and short, broad 1265:

had a rounded beak (similar to a goose or duck), North American ornithomimids had pointed beaks, a difference that would otherwise lead taxonomists to place modern birds in different families. In 1976, Barsbold placed Ornithomimidae in the new group Ornithomimosauria. In 2003, Kobayashi and Jun-Chang

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which were about equal in length. The centra here were spool-like, flattened sideways and had fossae which appear to have continued as deep foramina in some specimens. The neural spines here were rectangular, broad, and higher than those in the dorsal vertebrae. They were higher or equal in height to

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rhamphotheca (horny beak) in life. The beak may have covered a smaller area than in North American relatives, based on the lack of nourishing foramina on the maxilla. The inner side of the beak had small, tightly packed and evenly spaced columnar structures (their exact nature is debated), which were

1660:, which was also in reference to the capsule. In 1998, Holtz instead found that troodontids were basal maniraptorans, meaning that all members of that clade would fall within Bullatosauria, which would therefore become a junior synonym of Maniraptoriformes, and the clade has since fallen out of use. 1145:, with spool-like centra that were short, but tended to become deeper and longer towards the back. Their transverse processes (processes articulating with the ribs) slightly increased in length towards the back. The two first dorsal centra had deep pneumatic foramina, while the rest only had shallow 744:

The other partially complete skeletons were juveniles; ZPAL MgD-I/1 (from Tsaagan Khushuu) has a crushed skull with a missing tip, damaged vertebrae, fragmented ribs, pectoral girdle and forelimbs, and an incomplete left hind limb, ZPAL MgD-I/94 (from the Nemegt locality) lacks the skull, atlas, tip

524:(air-filled). The neck was proportionally long in relation to the trunk. The hands were proportionally the shortest of any ornithomimosaur and each had three digits with curved claws. The forelimbs were weak while the hindlimbs were proportionally long. The family Ornithomimidae is part of the group 1113:

that articulated between the vertebrae); the cervical vertebrae at the back had spool-like centra which became gradually higher, and long, thin zygapophyses. The pneumatic foramina here were small and oval, and the neural spines projecting outwards from the centra formed long, low and sharp ridges,

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in Tsaagan Khushuu in 1964; it was preserved lying on its back, and the skull was found under its pelvis. One small specimen was also found in Tsaagan Khushuu the same year, and another small specimen was found in the Nemegt locality. A small skeleton without forelimbs was discovered in 1967 by the

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was difficult because other ornithomimids known at the time were either poorly preserved or inadequately described. In 1975, Kielan-Jaworowska stated that though many dinosaurs from Asia were placed in the same families as North American relatives, this category of classification tended to be more

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was very small and light compared to the vertebral column. Due to the length of its snout, the skull was long compared to other ornithomimids, and the snout had a gently convex sloping upper profile. The side profile of the snout differed from other ornithomimids in not narrowing towards its front

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achieving relatively large sizes. Advantages from large body mass in herbivores include increased intake rate of food and fasting resistance, and these trends may therefore indicate that ornithomimids and deinocheirids were more herbivorous than other ornithomimosaurians. They cautioned that the

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similar to that of a duck or goose, and that it would have fed on small, living prey which it swallowed whole. The mobility of the neck would have been useful in locating prey on the ground, since the eyes were positioned on the sides of the skull. They assumed that all ornithomimids had similar

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had the most pneumatised skeleton among ornithomimosaurs. Pneumatisation is thought to be advantageous for flight in modern birds, but its function in non-avian dinosaurs is not known with certainty. It has been proposed that pneumatisation was used to reduce the mass of large bones, that it was

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theropods, which also includes modern birds. Early ornithomimosaurs had teeth, which were lost in more derived members of the group. In 2004, Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie suggested that most of the early evolutionary history of ornithomimosaurs took place in Asia, where most genera have been

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around the fossil indicate the animal was alive when it came to the area. The authors thus suggested that the tracks had been made over an extended amount of time and period of drying, and that probably none of them were produced by the individual that owned the foot. The animal may have walked

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specimens (as indicated by empty excavation pits, garbage, and scattered broken bones in the quarry). It is unusual to find tracks closely associated with body fossils; some of the tracks are consistent with ornithomimid feet, while others belong to different dinosaurs. In 2014, a slab with two

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would have been more limited, which is an adaptation in some animals that improves their ability to see predators behind them. Paul considered the relatively short tails, which reduced weight, and missing halluxes of ornithomimids to be adaptations for speed. He suggested that they could have

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blade and were separate, whereas in other ornithomimids they were fused together. The tail had 36–39 caudal vertebrae with the centra of those at the front being spool-shaped, while those at the back were nearly triangular, and elongated across. The neural spines here were high and flat, but

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youth around the neck, in reference to the bulbous capsule on the parasphenoid at the base of the dinosaur's skull. Such a feature had not been described from other reptiles at the time, and was considered unusual. The holotype consists of an almost complete skeleton with a distorted snout,

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of the tail, pectoral girdle and forelimbs, while the smallest specimen, IGM 100/10 (from Bugeen Tsav), lacks a pectoral girdle, forelimbs and several vertebrae and ribs. Osmólska and colleagues listed twenty-five known specimens in all, nine of which were only represented by single bones.

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David J. Button and Zanno found in 2019 herbivorous dinosaurs mainly followed two distinct modes of feeding, either processing food in the gut—characterized by gracile skulls and low bite forces—or the mouth, characterized by features associated with extensive processing. Ornithomimid

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Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. (1975). "Late Cretaceous mammals and dinosaurs from the Gobi Desert: Fossils excavated by the Polish-Mongolian paleontological expeditions of 1963–71 cast new light on primitive mammals and dinosaurs and on faunal interchange between Asia and North America".

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specimens. They found that the ratio was highest in young to middle aged animals, decreasing with age. In 1991, they reported that the bones of old individuals contained the highest amounts of lead and iron, while those in younger animals were lower. A study of the bone

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The delicate lower jaw, consisting of thin bones, was slender and shallow at the front, deepening towards the rear. The front of the mandible was shovel-like, resulting in a gap between the tips of the jaws when shut. The shovel-like shape was similar to that of the

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herd. The production team became very enthusiastic as nothing similar had previously been achieved, and Spielberg was convinced to write the scene into the script, and to also use computer graphics for other dinosaur shots in the movie instead of stop motion. The

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stones) in some ornithomimids indicate the presence of a gastric mill, and therefore point towards a herbivorous diet, as these are used to grind food of animals that lack the necessary chewing apparatus. Barrett also calculated that a 440 kilograms (970 lb)

670:. The Polish-Mongolian expeditions were notable for being led by women, some of whom were among the first women to name new dinosaurs. The fossils discovered in these expeditions shed new light on the interchange of fauna between Asia and North America during the 1975:

did not appear to have been flexible bristles like those of filter-feeding birds (as there is no indication of these structures overlapping or being collapsed), but were instead more akin to the thin, regularly spaced vertical ridges in the beaks of turtles and

1876:, which were strong enough to bite off twigs, as evidenced by their gut content. He further suggested that ornithomimids were well adapted for browsing on tough plants and would have used their hands to bring branches within reach of their jaws. Palaeontologist 656:

at different growth stages from the Nemegt, Tsaagan Khushuu, Altan Ula IV and Naran Bulak localities. Three partially complete skeletons, two with skulls, as well as many fragmentary remains, were collected. The largest skeleton (later to become the holotype of

1101:(the first vertebra that connects with the back of the skull). The atlas differed from that of other ornithomimids in that the front surface of its intercentrum was slanted downwards towards the back, instead of being concave and facing upwards to support the 2531:; these tracks were initially interpreted as representing a dinosaur stampede caused by the arrival of a theropod predator. The idea that the tracks represent a stampede has since been contested (the "theropod" may instead have been a herbivore similar to 1740:

In 1988, Paul suggested that the eyeballs of ornithomimids were flattened and had minimal mobility within the sockets, necessitating movement of the head to view objects. Since their eyes faced more sideways than in some other bird-like theropods, their

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diminished backwards, where they became ridge-like. The only sign of pneumaticity in the tail were deep fossae between the neural spines and the transverse process of the two first caudal vertebrae. All the vertebrae in front of the sacrum bore

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could have run at speeds of 42–56 km/h (29–34 mph). He found that ornithimimids would not have been as fast as ostriches, which can reach 70–80 km/h (43–49 mph), in part due to their arms and tails increasing their weight.

3583: 2500:. This contrasted with how dinosaurs were traditionally depicted in mass media as lumbering, tail-dragging animals, and the movie helped change the common perception of dinosaurs. This and other scenes reflected then-recent theories of 1705:) animals, although less agile than large, modern ground birds, and would have used their speed to escape predators. Russell also suggested that they had a good sense of vision and intelligence comparable to that of modern 1198:(claw bones) were strong, somewhat curved (that of the first finger was most curved) and compressed sideways with a deep groove on each side. The unguals were similarly developed, though the third was slightly smaller. 997:, and the lower beak may have had a shape similar to that of this bird. The retroarticular process at the back of the jaw (where jaw muscles attached that opened the beak) was well developed and consisted mainly of the 1831:

would have been very mobile (the hind part was more rigid), the neural arches in the vertebrae of that region being similar to chicken and other Galliformes, indicating similar feeding habits. They found the beak of

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represented the most complete and best preserved ornithomimid material yet discovered, and the genus remains one of the best known members of the group. Ornithomimids were previously known mainly from North America,

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Fanti, F.; Bell, P. R.; Tighe, M.; Milan, L. A.; Dinelli, E. (2018). "Geochemical fingerprinting as a tool for repatriating poached dinosaur fossils in Mongolia: A case study for the Nemegt Locality, Gobi Desert".

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correlations between herbivory and body mass were not simple, and that there was no directional trend towards increased mass seen in the clade. Furthermore, the diet of most ornithomimosaurians is poorly known.

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The shape and proportions of the skull changed significantly during growth. The rear of the skull and the orbits decreased in size, whereas the snout became relatively longer; similar changes occur in modern

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Naish, D.; Martill, D. M.; Frey, E. (2004). "Ecology, Systematics and biogeographical relationships of dinosaurs, including a new theropod, from the Santana Formation (?Albian, Early Cretaceous) of Brazil".

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to account for the Late Cretaceous genera found there. As seen in some other dinosaur groups, ornithomimosaurs were largely restricted to Asia and North America after Europe was separated from Asia by the

977:(a bone of the braincase, at the underside of the skull's base) was thin-walled, hollow and formed a pear-shaped, bulbous structure. The structure had a shallow furrow which opened towards the front. The 3245:

Zelenitsky, D. K.; Therrien, F.; Erickson, G. M.; DeBuhr, C. L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Eberth, D. A.; Hadfield, F. (2012). "Feathered non-avian dinosaurs from North America provide insight into wing origins".

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environments, while rarer in more arid environments, suggesting that they may have depended on aquatic food sources. Makovicky, Kobayashi, and Currie pointed out that if this interpretation is correct,

508:. The head was small and light with large eyes that faced to the sides. The snout was long compared to other ornithomimids, although it was broader and more rounded at the tip than in other species. 896:

Ornithomimidae. The adult holotype (specimen IGM 100/11) was about 6 metres (20 ft) long and 1.9 metres (6.2 ft) tall at the hip; its skull was 330 millimetres (1.08 ft) long and the

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being the only prior known member from Asia (though without a skull). Since the first discoveries, more specimens have been found by further Mongolian-led international expeditions. Three of the

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mass mortality, perhaps due to a drought or famine. The fact that the animals seem to have died at the same time (the empty excavation pits were stratigraphically identical) may indicate that

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was also referenced. Kielan-Jaworowska, who discovered the holotype specimen, called it a "beautiful scene". The movie's dinosaurs were one of the most widely publicised applications of

498:; adults were about 6 metres (20 ft) long, 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in) tall at the hip and weighed about 400–490 kilograms (880–1,080 lb). As evidenced by its relative 677:. Some of the skeletons were exhibited in Warsaw in 1968, mounted in tall, semi-erect postures, which was accepted at the time, though more horizontal postures are favoured today. 869:

specimens, though this has never been published. Barsbold informally referred to a nearly complete skeleton (IGM 100/14) as "Gallimimus mongoliensis", but since it differs from

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was broad when viewed end on, partly covering the adjoining two metatarsals to each side, but narrowed abruptly at mid-length, wedging between those bones and disappearing (an

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dinosaurs. In these animals, such ridges are thought to be associated with herbivorous diets, used to crop tough vegetation. Barrett suggested that the ridges in the beak of

1073:, fewer than other ornithomimids. The centra (or bodies) of the vertebrae were platycoelous, with a flat front surface and a concave hind surface, except for the first six 549:) animal, using its speed to escape predators; its speed has been estimated at 42–56 km/h (29–34 mph). It may have had good vision and intelligence comparable to 2488:

s story, as they were supposed to represent the precursors to birds. The herd was shown moving as a whole, rather than individual animals running around, and the smaller

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at the front of the upper jaw rose upwards, instead of being horizontal. Seen from above, the snout was almost spatulate (spoon-shaped), broad and rounded at the tip (or

1240:(or dewclaw, the first toe of most other theropods). The unguals of the toes were flat on their lower sides; the outer two declined slightly outwards from their digits. 1178:, which was large and deep from top to bottom. Overall, the forelimbs did not differ much from those of other ornithomimids, all of which were comparatively weak. The 1746:

defended themselves by pecking and kicking, but would have mainly relied on their speed for escape. In 2015, Akinobu Watanabe and colleagues found that together with

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represented a natural cast of the internal surface of the beak, indicating that the animal was a herbivore that fed on material high in fibre. The discovery of many

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in a clade, based on shared features such as the presence of a bulbous capsule on the parasphenoid. He named the clade Bullatosauria, based on the specific name of

1691:(or capable of grasping), and that the thumb was not opposable. They also suggested that the arms were weak compared to, for example, those of the ornithomimosaur 1857:, which may instead have used its hands for hooking and gripping, according to a 1985 article by palaeontologists Elizabeth L. Nicholls and Anthony P. Russell. 1077:(tail) vertebra—where the hind surface was also flat—and those at the end of the tail—which were amphiplatyan with both surfaces flat. Many of the centra had 2496:

says that the herd moves with "uniform direction changes, just like a flock of birds evading a predator" as he watches the movements of the fast, graceful

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foot structure). The third toe was proportionally shorter in relation to the limb than in other ornithomimids. As in other ornithomimids, the foot had no

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McFeeters, B.; Ryan, M.J.; Schröder-Adams, C.; Cullen, T.M. (2016). "A new ornithomimid theropod from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada".

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and other dinosaurs of the movie were depicted without feathers, in part because it was unknown at the time how widespread these were among the group.

1312: 1206: 696:, using the largest collected skeleton, specimen IGM 100/11 (from Tsaagan Khushuu, formerly referred to as G.I.No.DPS 100/11 and MPD 100/11), as the 2949:

Lee, H.-J.; Lee, Y.-N.; Adams, T. L.; Currie, P. J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Jacobs, L. L.; Koppelhus, E. B. (2018). "Theropod trackways associated with a

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concluded that the skulls of ornithomimids were more similar to each other than previously thought and moved most species into the same genus,

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skeletons (including the holotype) later became part of a travelling exhibit of Mongolian dinosaur fossils, which toured various countries.

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and other ornithomimids. The highly mobile neck may have helped locate small prey on the ground, but it may also have been an opportunistic

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Pawlicki, R.; Bolechała, P. (1987). "X-ray microanalysis of fossil dinosaur bone: age differences in the calcium and phosphorus content of

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Watanabe, A.; Eugenia Leone Gold, M.; Brusatte, S. L.; Benson, R. B. J.; Choiniere, J.; Davidson, A.; Norell, M. A.; Claessens, L. (2015).

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specimens have been looted. In 2017, Hang-Jae Lee and colleagues reported a fossil trackway discovered in 2009 associated with a clenched

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Pawlicki, R.; Bolechała, P. (1991). "X-ray microanalysis of fossil dinosaur bone: age differences in lead, iron, and magnesium content".

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that ate small animals and eggs as well as plants, as had previously been suggested. He pointed out that ostriches and emus are mainly

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indicate that it held its neck obliquely, declining upwards at an angle of 35 degrees. Osmólska and colleagues found that the hands of

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foot (specimen MPC-D100F/17). The rest of the skeleton appeared to have been removed previously by poachers, along with several other

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dinosaurs, which were more similar to mammals. These differences may have been related to the process and rate at which bone formed.

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Mongolian palaeontological expedition in Bugeen Tsav outside the Nemegt Basin. The fossils were housed at the Mongolian, Polish and

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Makovicky, P. J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Currie, P. J. (2004). "Ornithomimosauria". In Weishampel, D. B.; Dodson, P.; Osmolska, H. (eds.).

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in Europe presents a complication in classification. The group must have dispersed once or twice from Asia to North America across

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sequence with animal herds in the movie, but did not know how to achieve it, and it was initially going to be visualised through

1174:(shoulder blade) was short and curved, thin at the front end, and thick at the back. It was connected relatively weakly with the 930: 831:

in 2016. The species involved have generally been kept in separate genera by other writers. An ornithomimid vertebra from Japan

9045: 4358: 4327: 4299: 4170: 4086: 3146: 3102: 3069: 3041: 2798: 2762: 2687: 861:, but this was dismissed by Kobayashi and Barsbold, who pointed out several differences between the two. Barsbold noted some 771: 4229:

Efimov, M. B. (1983). "Peresmotr iskopayemykh krokodilov Mongolii" [Revision of the fossil crocodiles of Mongolia].

6759: 6752: 4740: 3796: 3470:(Dinosauria: Theropoda) revealed by computed tomography imaging and reappraisal of axial pneumaticity in ornithomimosauria" 2550: 8882: 4040: 2194:. Large river channels and soil deposits are evidence of a significantly more humid climate than those found in the older 1997:

would have needed between 0.07 and 3.34 kilograms (0.15 and 7.36 lb) of food per day, depending on whether it had an

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in water, though these structures may instead have been ridges used for feeding on tough plant material, indicative of a

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of the lower leg was flat, thin and broad at the upper end narrowing towards the lower end. The lower half of the third

4607: 4512: 3389: 1734: 1959:. The authors noted that ornithomimids probably did not use their beaks to prey on large animals and were abundant in 2027:, were found to be in the former category. These researchers suggested that ornithomimid ornithomimosaurians such as 402: 4572: 2493: 1010: 1009:, a sidewards-facing opening in the lower jaw, was elongated and comparatively small. The lower jaw did not have a 873:

in some details, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi and Barsbold proposed in 2006 that it probably belongs to a different genus.

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were shown in the middle of the group, as though they were being protected. During the scene, the palaeontologist

6081: 1190:(the other bone in the lower arm) was long and slender with a more expanded upper end compared to the lower. The 797:

specimens was repatriated to Mongolia along with other dinosaur skeletons, after having been smuggled to the US.

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Holtz, T. R. (1994). "The Phylogenetic Position of the Tyrannosauridae: Implications for Theropod Systematics".

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A 1987 study by the biologists Roman Pawlicki and P. Bolechała showed age-related differences in the content of

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Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar; Cullen, Thomas; Phillips, George; Rolke, Richard; Zanno, Lindsay E. (19 October 2022).

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Holtz, T. R. (2004). "Tyrannosauroidea". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.).

2505: 2267:, a possible anseriform, have been found. Herbivorous dinosaurs discovered in the Nemegt Formation include 2066: 1149:(depressions), and the neural spines were prominent being somewhat triangular or rectangular in shape. The 6766: 737:

Three skeletons, including the holotype (right) and a juvenile (middle), during a temporary exhibition in

440:(mya). Several fossils in various stages of growth were discovered by Polish-Mongolian expeditions in the 9055: 4689: 2826: 667: 617: 6074: 9008: 8327: 2470: 2443: 1117: 637: 146: 7572: 488:

dinosaur") material yet discovered, and the genus remains one of the best known members of the group.

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or a supradentary bone, the lack of which is a common feature of beaked theropods (ornithomimosaurs,

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deposits indicate that periodic droughts occurred. Fossil bones from the Nemegt Basin, including of

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of various dinosaurs in 2000, by biologists John M. Rensberger and Mahito Watabe, revealed that the

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by segregating food items from other material, and for cutting plants while grazing. They found the

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feeding habits, and pointed out that Russel had compared the beaks of ornithomimids with those of

1186:(the projection from the elbow) was prominent in adults, but not well developed in juveniles. The 8889: 7553: 4712: 4070: 2855: 2653: 2167: 1297:

among Ornithomimidae according to the palaeontontologist Bradley McFeeters and colleagues, 2016:

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Rensberger, J. M.; Watabe, M. (2000). "Fine structure of bone in dinosaurs, birds and mammals".

3167:"Large-bodied ornithomimosaurs inhabited Appalachia during the Late Cretaceous of North America" 3094: 963:(the lower opening behind the orbit) was nearly triangular and smaller than that of the related 9050: 8993: 8915: 4504: 4291: 3689: 3649: 3381: 3369: 3138: 2790: 960: 4350: 4344: 4249: 3033: 3026: 2450:

skeleton in the computer and animated a test showing a herd of running skeletons, and later a

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may have had an opportunistic, omnivorous diet like seagulls. He also observed that the tight

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incomplete lower jaw, vertebral series, pelvis, as well as some missing hand and foot bones.

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of the Nemegt Formation suggest the presence of river channels, mudflats, shallow lakes and

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in film, and were considered more lifelike than what had been previously accomplished with

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Norell, M. A.; Makovicky, P. J.; Currie, P. J. (2001). "The beaks of ostrich dinosaurs".

2654:"Geographical and geological data from the Polish-Mongolian palaeontological expeditions" 2199: 1998: 1718: 1106: 1050: 915: 505: 7560: 4199: 4115: 3965: 3773: 3738: 3540: 3485: 3421: 3259: 2966: 2924: 2722: 1637: 681: 266: 8754: 7267: 7127: 6983: 6923: 6358: 6268: 6151: 5015: 4705: 4553: 4545: 4440: 4395: 4211: 4186:

Jaworowski, Z.; Pensko, J. (1967). "Unusually radioactive fossil bones from Mongolia".

4135: 4063: 3985: 3876: 3824:"Beak morphology in extant birds with implications on beak morphology in ornithomimids" 3725:

Russell, D. A. (1972). "Ostrich dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Western Canada".

3707: 3680: 3622: 3552: 3504: 3465: 3441: 3279: 3193: 3166: 3087: 2726: 2501: 2435: 2306: 2278: 2148: 2109:

and other ornithomimids were more akin to those in birds than mammals, unlike those of

1891: 1566: 1384: 1351: 1130:(A), and the cervical (B, C, D), dorsal (E), sacral (F, G) and caudal (H) vertebrae of 1094: 854: 755: 325: 141: 4528:

Kirby, D. A. (2003). "Science consultants, fictional films, and scientific practice".

3304:"A new ornithomimid dinosaur with gregarious habits from the Late Cretaceous of China" 2446:

was given a go-ahead by the movie's producers to explore possibilities. ILM created a

1971:

In 2005, palaeontologist Paul Barrett pointed out that the lamella-like structures of

770:

Specimens which were repatriated to Mongolia after having been smuggled to the US, in

444:

of Mongolia during the 1960s; a large skeleton discovered in this region was made the

8636: 8553: 8527: 8366: 8353: 8231: 7781: 7733: 6565: 5915: 4994: 4636: 4603: 4557: 4508: 4493: 4413:

Prince, S. (1996). "True lies: Perceptual realism, digital images, and film theory".

4354: 4323: 4295: 4284: 4166: 4139: 4127: 4082: 4025: 4009: 3977: 3934: 3907: 3880: 3868: 3781: 3659: 3509: 3433: 3385: 3346: 3329: 3303: 3271: 3224: 3142: 3131: 3098: 3065: 3037: 2794: 2783: 2758: 2683: 2211: 2074: 2070: 1944: 1904: 1778:

foot discovered in 2009 was associated with a trackway. The trackway is preserved in

1673: 1618: 1221: 1110: 1102: 777: 557:

may have lived in groups, based on the discovery of several specimens preserved in a

525: 233: 3711: 3556: 2121: 766: 569:. It has also been suggested that it used small columnar structures in its beak for 9022: 8740: 8497: 8407: 8196: 8120: 7983: 7902: 7874: 7834: 7715: 7685: 7203: 6956: 6820: 6677: 6577: 6426: 6333: 6291: 5858: 5168: 4537: 4430: 4422: 4387: 4378:

dinosaurs: Blockbuster schemata and cross-cultural cognition in the threat scene".

4215: 4203: 4119: 4074: 4021: 3989: 3969: 3858: 3777: 3742: 3699: 3614: 3544: 3499: 3489: 3445: 3425: 3341: 3283: 3263: 3188: 3178: 2970: 2928: 2533: 2419: 2350: 2315: 2140: 2130: 2098: 1795:

flex, and was later stepped on by heavy dinosaurs. The area may have been a single

1764: 1742: 1286:

with North American genera, which was confirmed by Kobayashi and Barsbold in 2006.

1229: 1070: 1046: 1014: 986: 956: 907: 893: 844: 832: 685: 674: 582: 433: 361: 3548: 2757:. Life of the Past. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 47–48, 50–51. 2465:

were animated by tracing frames from footage of ostriches, and footage of herding

2398: 1955:, to be the modern anseriform with structures most similar in anatomy to those of 1697:. They agreed with the interpretations of ornithomimid biology by palaeontologist 458:

mimic", referring to the similarities between its neck vertebrae and those of the

8803: 8541: 8504: 8436: 8291: 8284: 8104: 8046: 8019: 8009: 7969: 7804: 7663: 7647: 7465: 7437: 7415: 7302: 7147: 6854: 6628: 6511: 6489: 6410: 6239: 6216: 6209: 6187: 6173: 6166: 6127: 5978: 5825: 5752: 5741: 5677: 5565: 5452: 5029: 4938: 4792: 4767: 4155: 3703: 3494: 3183: 2974: 2932: 2356: 2230: 2160: 2155:

present in the fossil record indicate it was probably deposited during the early

1888:

would prevent any movement between the front and rear portions of the lower jaw.

1872:, and that the skulls of ornithomimids were most similar to those of the extinct 1846: 1649: 1630:(or "primitive") taxa, although they acknowledged that the presence of the basal 1412: 1233: 1191: 1154: 1146: 1142: 1098: 1074: 952: 809: 801: 430: 341: 30: 1713:, he suggested it would have influenced their colouration, perhaps resulting in 1201: 1082: 981:(internal openings for the nasal passage) were large and placed far back on the 8768: 8731: 8712: 8674: 8663: 8460: 8173: 8131: 8113: 8093: 7990: 7704: 7449: 7311: 7138: 7120: 6948: 6915: 6901: 6862: 6636: 6497: 6454: 6447: 6369: 6345: 6298: 6257: 6194: 6180: 5908: 5893: 5720: 5554: 5418: 5386: 5375: 5352: 5314: 5175: 5145: 5069: 5008: 4907: 2474: 2439: 2268: 2253: 2244: 2229:

fossils, as well as a variety of other aquatic animals like fish, turtles, and

2187: 2178:, mudstones, sands, as well as less frequent thin beds of sandstones. The rock 1927:

skull that preserved soft tissue structures on the beak. The inner side of the

1337: 1305: 1126: 994: 978: 922:

bone of the lower arm, bumps that indicate where feathers would have attached.

721: 606: 495: 464: 246: 4541: 3863: 3846: 3618: 9034: 8938: 8810: 8656: 8617: 8596: 8475: 8468: 8395: 8189: 8162: 8028: 7945: 7923: 7916: 7909: 7852: 7769: 7632: 7604: 7591: 7515: 7392: 7232: 7066: 6997: 6883: 6870: 6615: 6593: 6586: 6550: 6523: 6475: 6399: 6135: 5926: 5900: 5816: 5797: 5790: 5727: 5706: 5685: 5670: 5656: 5615: 5581: 5574: 5493: 5345: 5232: 5225: 5152: 5122: 5111: 5001: 4972: 4965: 4891: 4655: 4640: 4078: 3842: 3663: 3228: 2452: 2300: 2156: 2110: 2024: 1960: 1940: 1632: 1622: 1494: 1187: 1018: 970: 965: 653: 570: 72: 34: 3823: 3267: 1877: 1729: 955:(eye sockets) were large and faced sideways, as in other ornithomimids. The 8782: 8720: 8690: 8610: 8603: 8581: 8573: 8453: 8445: 8425: 8140: 8059: 7997: 7888: 7859: 7811: 7640: 7625: 7400: 7332: 7260: 7239: 7218: 7034: 6990: 6798: 6785: 6715: 6668: 6543: 6433: 6385: 6378: 6315: 6284: 6277: 6158: 5985: 5837: 5734: 5636: 5629: 5524: 5508: 5444: 5395: 5327: 5104: 4987: 4980: 4951: 4914: 4883: 4131: 4102:

Holtz, T. R. (2014). "Paleontology: Mystery of the horrible hands solved".

4041:"A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)" 3981: 3872: 3847:"Repeated evolution of divergent modes of herbivory in non-avian dinosaurs" 3513: 3437: 3275: 2282: 1952: 1936: 1710: 1698: 1693: 1561: 1279: 1271: 1213: 1159: 1055: 998: 974: 951:), whereas it was acute (or V-shaped) in North American ornithomimids. The 902: 840: 726: 649: 591: 500: 481: 469: 335: 3938: 3911: 2629:"Narrative of the Polish-Mongolian palaeontological expeditions 1963–1965" 1811:(lived in groups), which has also been suggested for other ornithomimids. 1774:

circumstances (changes during decay and fossilisation) to explain how the

1668: 1326:

Reconstructed cast of the holotype skeleton in a semi-erect posture, MEPAS

1256:

as the closest relative, while lamenting the fact that comparison between

780:

has become a serious problem in Mongolia in the 21st century, and several

609:, and in shaping the common conception of dinosaurs as bird-like animals. 8947: 8836: 8817: 8747: 8697: 8683: 8625: 8566: 8511: 8388: 8182: 8066: 8035: 7952: 7938: 7670: 7618: 7486: 7408: 7371: 7253: 7225: 7178: 7098: 6976: 6833: 6684: 6657: 6557: 6504: 6440: 6419: 6392: 6143: 5956: 5949: 5935: 5761: 5608: 5599: 5501: 5472: 5402: 5367: 5360: 5160: 5138: 5131: 5090: 5082: 5058: 5043: 5022: 4930: 4922: 4231:

Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy

2523:, Australia, served as inspiration and "scientific underpinning" for the 2508:, ideas which were still contentious at the time. Despite such theories, 2368: 2344: 2320: 2288: 2235: 2218:

accumulated in the bones, transported there by percolating ground water.

2019: 2014: 1985: 1977: 1916: 1908: 1838: 1701:

from earlier in 1972, including that they would have been very fleet (or

1653: 1539: 1444: 1042: 969:. It had deep muscle scars at the back part of the skull roof, along the 849: 712: 645: 530: 459: 441: 47: 4123: 3463: 2730: 2243:

fossils are rare in the Nemegt Formation, but many birds, including the

1522: 1224:(rounded end of a bone) on the upper end and a flattened lower end. The 1005:

was the largest bone of the lower jaw, which is usual in theropods. The

8980: 8704: 8649: 8270: 8077: 7895: 7881: 7866: 7818: 7752: 7678: 7500: 7493: 7479: 7385: 7318: 7246: 7210: 7163: 7105: 7091: 7058: 7050: 7043: 7024: 6847: 6812: 6600: 6201: 5992: 5942: 5879: 5850: 5805: 5783: 5776: 5768: 5692: 5588: 5547: 5540: 5532: 5516: 5436: 5307: 5183: 5036: 4899: 4758: 4600:

Dinosaurs Without Bones: Dinosaur Lives Revealed by their Trace Fossils

4549: 4444: 4435: 4399: 3626: 2603:

n. gen., n. sp. (Ornithomimidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia"

2520: 2362: 2332: 2294: 2257: 2183: 2085: 1827:

Osmólska and colleagues pointed out that the front part of the neck of

1760: 1714: 1688: 1642: 1026: 1006: 1002: 944: 738: 671: 648:

of Mongolia. Among the dinosaur remains discovered in sand beds of the

621: 513: 472:

youth, in reference to a bulbous structure at the base of the skull of

437: 204: 92: 57: 2354:. Herbivorous or omnivorous theropods include therizinosaurs, such as 534:, also from Mongolia, is thought to have been the closest relative of 8796: 8789: 8489: 8482: 8155: 8147: 8086: 7740: 7458: 7004: 6908: 6643: 6228: 6113: 6100: 6027: 5963: 5886: 5865: 5622: 5485: 5293: 5280: 5198: 5050: 4869: 4856: 4819: 4728: 4500: 4207: 3973: 3640:

Holtz, T. R. (1998). "A new phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs".

3429: 2374: 2338: 2326: 2263: 2248: 2175: 2094: 2058: 2002: 1968:

would have been one of the largest known terrestrial filter feeders.

1808: 1779: 1771: 1702: 1517: 1468: 1356: 1311:

Adult holotype skeleton IGM 100/11, during a temporary exhibition in

1290: 1261:

inclusive than was used for modern birds. She highlighted that while

1183: 733: 574: 546: 419: 217: 158: 97: 41: 8909: 4426: 4391: 3746: 2871:"Dinosaurer, æg og unger – en særudstilling om en forsvunden verden" 835:"Sanchusaurus" was reported in a 1988 magazine, but was assigned to 8932: 8380: 7797: 7790: 7762: 7655: 7155: 6536: 5872: 5699: 5460: 5097: 4776: 4752: 2427: 2226: 2191: 2102: 1948: 1939:

birds, which use these for manipulating food, straining sediments,

1931:

beak had columnar structures that the authors found similar to the

1885: 1861: 1799:(based on the possible number of poached specimens) representing a 1796: 1787: 1783: 1500: 1175: 1090: 1078: 1066: 697: 644:

organised the Polish-Mongolian palaeontological expeditions to the

625: 566: 558: 517: 445: 426: 422: 191: 178: 130: 87: 82: 67: 62: 52: 3572:"An overview on non-avian theropod discoveries and classification" 3064:(2 ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 131. 2519:(one of the world's largest concentrations of dinosaur tracks) in 2504:

encouraged by the movie's scientific advisor, the palaeontologist

2434:. At the time, there was little faith in creating animals through 1417: 7930: 7692: 7422: 7325: 6650: 5971: 4250:"Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: Skulls of 3526: 3137:(2 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 2466: 2405:

was formerly depicted without feathers, like this model in MEPAS.

2273: 2215: 2203: 2081: 2044: 1989: 1865: 1544: 1179: 1171: 1030: 911: 485: 455: 102: 77: 8967: 4290:(2 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 3244: 2069:, which could have been used for reproductive behaviour such as 1021:

and birds), but unusual among theropods in general. The jaws of

8589: 8277: 5713: 4746: 4684: 3797:"Structure and function of the pectoral girdle and forelimb of 2240: 2179: 1792: 1706: 1237: 1225: 1195: 1150: 982: 550: 168: 4010:"Late Mesozoic stratigraphy and vertebrates of the Gobi Basin" 3093:(1 ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 1252:

to the family Ornithomimidae in 1972, with the North American

7429: 7170: 7112: 3330:"The diet of ostrich dinosaurs (Theropoda: Ornihomimosauria)" 2152: 1283: 1257: 1217: 1153:(fused vertebrae between the pelvic bones) consisted of five 1029:(toothless), and the front part would have been covered in a 897: 853:, which is only known from one skeleton from Mongolia, was a 701: 689: 415: 4697: 3164: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 1473: 561:. Various theories have been proposed regarding the diet of 8853: 7472: 3376:. In Tanke, D. H.; Carpenter, K.; Skrepnick, M. W. (eds.). 2651: 2541:

has denied the tracks served as inspiration for the movie.

2171: 2052:, the juvenile specimen IGM 100/10, exhibited in CosmoCaixa 959:

at the side of the skull behind the eyes was deep, and the

919: 391: 385: 4003: 4001: 3999: 2225:

lived, were home to a wide array of organisms. Occasional

3760:

Thulborn, R. A. (1982). "Speeds and gaits of dinosaurs".

2807: 2596: 1880:

suggested in 2001 that due to its similar jaw structure,

1873: 1164: 376: 370: 367: 3128: 2626: 516:(horny) beak, and had a delicate lower jaw. Many of the 4495:

Lab Coats in Hollywood: Science, Scientists, and Cinema

3996: 2031:

and deinocheirids had invaded these niches separately,

1770:

In 2017, Lee and colleagues suggested various possible

3569: 2390:

is the most common member of the group in the Nemegt.

2214:

than fossils from surrounding areas, possibly because

2129:(right foreground) with contemporary dinosaurs of the 1034:

longest at the front and shortening towards the back.

9006: 4048:

Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior

3407: 2827:"Ornithomimids from the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia" 1899:

contained structures which have been compared to the

843:

and colleagues in 1990. In 2000, the palaeontologist

403: 394: 364: 4046:. In Lucas, Spencer G.; Sullivan, Robert M. (eds.). 3828:

Det Matematisk-Naturvitenskapelige Fakultet – Thesis

2953:

foot skeleton from the Nemegt Formation, Mongolia".

2682:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 9. 2652:

Gradzihski, R.; Kazmierczak, J.; Lefeld, J. (1969).

2620: 2480:

Emphasising the bird-like flocking behaviour of the

2426:

instead featured hadrosaurs. Spielberg had wanted a

373: 8262: 4061:Gradstein, F. M.; Ogg, J. G.; Smith, A. G. (2005). 4007: 2909: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2088:(important components in the formation of bone) of 1167:except for the atlas and the last dorsal vertebra. 388: 382: 379: 4322:. New York: Boxtree Ltd. pp. 48–52, 135–136. 4154: 4069:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3834: 3570:Hendrickx, C.; Hartman, S. A.; Mateus, O. (2015). 3380:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 3297: 3295: 3293: 3086: 3025: 2597:Osmolska, H.; Roniewicz, E.; Barsbold, R. (1972). 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 1733:Skull cast of the juvenile specimen ZPAL MgD-I/1, 839:sp. (of uncertain species) by the palaeontologist 605:, in a scene that was important to the history of 581:is the most commonly found ornithomimosaur in the 16:Genus of dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Period 4060: 4054: 3924: 3893: 3762:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 3403: 3401: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 2990:"Stolen 'Nest of Dinosaurs' Returned to Mongolia" 2955:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2948: 2913:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2824: 2752: 2707: 2163:about 70 million years ago. The sediments of the 1207:Museum of Evolution of Polish Academy of Sciences 480:represented the most complete and best preserved 9032: 8364: 8230: 4185: 3951: 3676: 7713: 4241: 3794: 3466:"Vertebral pneumaticity in the ornithomimosaur 3459: 3457: 3455: 3290: 2834:Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea 2563: 1860:In 1988 Paul disagreed that ornithomimids were 1853:may have been weaker than for example those of 1823:Reconstructed skull and neck in front view, NHM 1114:except for in the hindmost cervical vertebrae. 1097:, which were all long and wide, except for the 6237: 4791: 3398: 3323: 3321: 3111: 2868: 2143:in the Gobi Desert of southern Mongolia. This 1841:birds. Osmólska and colleagues suggested that 4713: 4656:"The great dinosaur stampede that never was?" 3576:PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 3240: 3238: 2703: 2701: 2699: 827:", but returned to using only the genus name 7602: 4570: 4032: 3452: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3207: 1907:, or the ridges in the beaks of turtles and 1220:was straight, long, with two well developed 6796: 6714: 5836: 4313: 4311: 4247: 4179: 3840: 3318: 3301: 3055: 3053: 3032:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 2944: 2942: 2903: 2627:Kielan-Jaworowska, Z.; Dovchin, N. (1968). 2310:. Predatory theropods that lived alongside 476:. At the time it was named, the fossils of 129:Reconstructed skeleton (based on the adult 4720: 4706: 4463:"What we've learned about dinosaurs since 4317: 4222: 3235: 2869:Oest, S. G.; Hansen, S.; Oest, T. (1997). 2789:. Jefferson: McFarland & Co. pp. 2696: 1709:birds. Since their predators may have had 120: 4625:"Dinosaur stampede stopped in its tracks" 4602:. London: Pegasus Books. pp. 66–67. 4460: 4456: 4454: 4434: 4349:. London: Random Century Group. pp. 4275: 4095: 4008:Jerzykiewicz, T.; Russell, D. A. (1991). 3862: 3693: 3653: 3563: 3503: 3493: 3354: 3345: 3192: 3182: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2647: 2645: 2360:, as well as oviraptorosaurians, such as 1763:, balance during locomotion, or used for 748:At the time it was named, the fossils of 585:, where it lived alongside its relatives 6111: 6026: 5291: 4867: 4342: 4308: 4038: 3795:Nicholls, E. L.; Russell, A. P. (1985). 3788: 3759: 3078: 3050: 2981: 2939: 2776: 2774: 2397: 2393: 2120: 2101:(channels which connect bone cells) and 2043: 1890: 1818: 1728: 1667: 1200: 1116: 1053:, based on those known from the related 1041: 943:half, and the lower front margin of the 929: 880: 765: 732: 616: 4653: 4622: 4152: 3724: 3327: 2680:The Horned Dinosaurs: A Natural History 2671: 2239:, have been discovered in this region. 1617:Ornithomimosaurs belonged to the clade 1089:(with their hollow chambers invaded by 1081:(openings which have also been called " 1037: 700:. The generic name is derived from the 612: 9033: 4597: 4451: 4412: 4336: 4228: 3821: 3753: 3160: 3158: 3089:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 3062:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 3008: 2987: 2737: 2677: 2642: 1124:structures in the caudal vertebrae of 985:, due to the presence of an extensive 448:specimen of the new genus and species 8914: 8913: 8352: 8351: 7589: 6783: 6098: 5278: 4854: 4739: 4701: 4527: 4490: 4373: 4281: 4101: 3639: 3604: 3598: 3367: 2771: 989:, which was common to ornithomimids. 772:Central Museum of Mongolian Dinosaurs 520:had openings that indicate they were 3084: 3059: 3023: 2844: 2825:Kobayashi, Y.; Barsbold, R. (2006). 2780: 2551:Timeline of ornithomimosaur research 2378:. Other ornithomimosaurs, including 2116: 2065:), these structures were originally 815:. In 2010, he instead listed it as " 661:) was discovered by palaeontologist 462:. The specific name is derived from 4146: 3927:Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 3900:Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 3670: 3155: 1947:, which feeds on plants, molluscs, 1919:, Makovicky, and Currie reported a 1814: 892:is the largest known member of the 13: 3727:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3529:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2422:; a similar scene in the original 1735:National Museum of Natural History 14: 9082: 9041:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia 7590: 4677: 4248:Hurum, J. H.; Sabath, K. (2003). 3302:Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.-C. (2003). 2186:in an environment similar to the 1248:Osmólska and colleagues assigned 1243: 934:Reconstructed skull and neck, NHM 454:in 1972. The generic name means " 9016: 8894: 8888: 8881: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8313: 7571: 7564: 7559: 7552: 7546: 6784: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6080: 6073: 6066: 6059: 5261: 5255: 4683: 3347:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00448.x 3028:Predatory Dinosaurs of the World 2852:"Cretaceous Mongolian Dinosaurs" 2067:secondary sexual characteristics 1663: 1565: 1543: 1521: 1499: 1472: 1443: 1416: 1355: 1319: 1304: 1205:Hindlimb bones of ZPAL MgD-I/8, 1085:"), and were therefore probably 632:fossils were collected in area A 360: 145: 45: 4647: 4616: 4591: 4564: 4521: 4484: 4406: 4374:Baird, R. (1998). "Animalizing 4367: 4157:Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs 3945: 3918: 3887: 3815: 3718: 3633: 3520: 3201: 2862: 2854:. DinoCasts.com. Archived from 2412:was featured in the 1993 movie 1782:while the foot is preserved in 1626:discovered, including the most 628:fossil localities of Mongolia; 9071:Taxa named by Rinchen Barsbold 9066:Taxa named by Halszka Osmólska 4577:dinosaurs looked in real life" 2753:Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. (2013). 2039: 876: 1: 9046:Fossil taxa described in 1972 6099: 5279: 4855: 4727: 4318:Shay, D.; Duncan, J. (1993). 4265:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 3549:10.1080/02724634.2016.1221415 3308:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2556: 2515:It has been claimed that the 2286:, large hadrosaurids such as 1652:grouped ornithomimosaurs and 1648:In 1994, the palaeontologist 800:In 1988, the palaeontologist 642:Mongolian Academy of Sciences 4161:. New York: Anchor. p. 4026:10.1016/0195-6671(91)90015-5 3801:(Theropoda: Ornithomimidae)" 3782:10.1016/0031-0182(82)90005-0 3704:10.1080/08912960410001674200 3495:10.1371/journal.pone.0145168 3184:10.1371/journal.pone.0266648 2975:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.020 2933:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.032 1923:skull (IGM 100/1133) and an 1093:). The neck consisted of 10 545:would have been a fleet (or 7: 4320:The Making of Jurassic Park 2785:Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia 2755:In Pursuit of Early Mammals 2544: 2170:Tsaagan Khushuu consist of 1717:. In 1982, palaeontologist 707:, "chicken", and the Greek 636:Between 1963 and 1965, the 468:, a golden capsule worn by 10: 9087: 4065:A Geologic Time Scale 2004 3208:Christiansen, Per (1998). 2471:computer-generated imagery 2444:Industrial Light and Magic 2336:, and troodontids such as 2017:and titanosaur sauropods, 1915:In 2001, palaeontologists 1679:The cervical vertebrae of 719:is derived from the Latin 680:In 1972, palaeontologists 638:Polish Academy of Sciences 599:was featured in the movie 425:that lived in what is now 133:and a juvenile specimen), 8922: 8878: 8835: 8730: 8673: 8644: 8635: 8561: 8552: 8536: 8525: 8435: 8420: 8416: 8405: 8375: 8360: 8347: 8311: 8258: 8226: 8172: 8130: 8103: 8076: 8054: 8045: 8018: 8007: 7978: 7967: 7847: 7843: 7832: 7780: 7751: 7728: 7724: 7702: 7613: 7598: 7585: 7544: 7514: 7448: 7380: 7370: 7366: 7301: 7286: 7277: 7198: 7189: 7137: 7086: 7077: 7033: 7022: 6966: 6943: 6934: 6896: 6892: 6881: 6842: 6831: 6807: 6792: 6779: 6748: 6710: 6667: 6623: 6614: 6576: 6531: 6522: 6484: 6473: 6409: 6368: 6353: 6344: 6328: 6324: 6313: 6267: 6252: 6248: 6226: 6122: 6107: 6094: 6056: 6022: 5925: 5845: 5815: 5751: 5665: 5654: 5598: 5564: 5480: 5471: 5431: 5427: 5416: 5385: 5340: 5336: 5325: 5302: 5287: 5274: 5252: 5217: 5197: 5121: 5077: 5068: 4960: 4949: 4878: 4863: 4850: 4818: 4800: 4787: 4735: 4542:10.1177/03063127030332015 4530:Social Studies of Science 3864:10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.050 3619:10.1017/S0022336000026706 3582:(1): 1–73. Archived from 2456:chasing a fully rendered 2221:The Nemegt rivers, where 2159:stage, at the end of the 1558: 1536: 1514: 1492: 1465: 1458: 1436: 1409: 1402: 1382: 1375: 1348: 1341: 725:, a gold capsule worn by 331: 324: 299: 292: 142:Scientific classification 140: 128: 119: 23: 4417:(Submitted manuscript). 4079:10.1017/CBO9780511536045 4039:Sullivan, R. M. (2006). 3378:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life 2661:Palaeontologica Polonica 2636:Palaeontologica Polonica 2298:, and sauropods such as 1158:the upper margin of the 925: 885:Size compared to a human 668:USSR Academy of Sciences 4654:Shapiro, A. D. (2013). 3607:Journal of Paleontology 3328:Barrett, P. M. (2005). 3268:10.1126/science.1225376 2884:: 24–25. Archived from 2610:Palaeontologia Polonica 2537:), and a consultant to 1293:shows the placement of 663:Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska 4598:Martin, A. J. (2014). 4461:Montanari, S. (2015). 3822:Madsen, E. K. (2007). 2406: 2386:, are also found, but 2133: 2053: 1912: 1824: 1737: 1676: 1209: 1134: 1059: 961:infratemporal fenestra 935: 886: 865:variation among newer 774: 741: 633: 135:Natural History Museum 8989:Paleobiology Database 7279:Carcharodontosaurinae 7191:Carcharodontosauridae 4571:Phillips, I. (2015). 4491:Kirby, D. A. (2011). 4343:Crichton, M. (1990). 2432:stop-motion animation 2401: 2394:Cultural significance 2202:formations, although 2149:dated radiometrically 2124: 2047: 1903:of, for example, the 1894: 1886:intramandibular joint 1822: 1732: 1671: 1385:Bissekty ornithomimid 1204: 1120: 1045: 933: 884: 769: 736: 620: 512:was toothless with a 494:is the largest known 8263:Dubious coelurosaurs 6968:Metriacanthosaurinae 6936:Metriacanthosauridae 5218:Dubious neotheropods 4694:at Wikimedia Commons 4629:Australasian Science 4623:Romilio, A. (2015). 4153:Novacek, M. (1996). 3085:Paul, G. S. (2010). 3060:Paul, G. S. (2016). 3024:Paul, G. S. (1988). 2781:Glut, D. F. (1997). 2484:herd was a point in 1038:Postcranial skeleton 684:, Ewa Roniewicz and 613:History of discovery 541:As an ornithomimid, 7292:Carcharodontosaurus 7079:Carcharodontosauria 4200:1967Natur.214..161J 4124:10.1038/nature13930 4116:2014Natur.515..203H 4014:Cretaceous Research 3966:2000Natur.406..619R 3896:Gallimimus bullatus 3799:Struthiomimus altus 3774:1982PPP....38..227T 3739:1972CaJES...9..375R 3541:2016JVPal..36E1415M 3486:2015PLoSO..1045168W 3422:2001Natur.412..873N 3372:Gallimimus bullatus 3260:2012Sci...338..510Z 2988:Gannon, M. (2014). 2967:2018PPP...494..160L 2925:2018PPP...494...51F 2858:on 2 February 2015. 2723:1975AmSci..63..150K 2678:Dodson, P. (1998). 2601:Gallimimus bullatus 2279:pachycephalosaurian 1719:Richard A. Thulborn 1658:Gallimimus bullatus 1007:mandibular fenestra 906:, it is known that 808:, resulting in the 694:Gallimimus bullatus 659:Gallimimus bullatus 451:Gallimimus bullatus 306:Gallimimus bullatus 9056:Maastrichtian life 8755:Archaeornithomimus 7268:Veterupristisaurus 7128:Veterupristisaurus 6984:Metriacanthosaurus 6924:Piatnitzkysauridae 6359:Eustreptospondylus 6269:Piatnitzkysauridae 6152:Chuandongocoelurus 5016:Notatesseraeraptor 4579:. Business Insider 4252:Tarbosaurus bataar 3681:Historical Biology 3468:Archaeornithomimus 3368:Hurum, J. (2001). 2711:American Scientist 2527:stampede scene in 2517:Lark Quarry tracks 2436:computer animation 2407: 2307:Opisthocoelicaudia 2145:geologic formation 2139:is known from the 2134: 2054: 2009:ornithomimosaurs, 1945:Northern shoveller 1913: 1905:Northern shoveller 1825: 1752:Archaeornithomimus 1738: 1677: 1352:Archaeornithomimus 1234:arctometatarsalian 1210: 1135: 1095:cervical vertebrae 1060: 936: 887: 775: 756:Archaeornithomimus 742: 634: 9004: 9003: 8916:Taxon identifiers 8907: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8876: 8875: 8872: 8871: 8868: 8867: 8864: 8863: 8831: 8830: 8827: 8826: 8637:Macrocheiriformes 8554:Ornithomimosauria 8528:Maniraptoriformes 8521: 8520: 8367:Maniraptoromorpha 8354:Maniraptoromorpha 8343: 8342: 8309: 8308: 8305: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8232:Maniraptoromorpha 8222: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8210: 8209: 8206: 8205: 7963: 7962: 7828: 7827: 7782:Proceratosauridae 7734:Chingkankousaurus 7581: 7580: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7510: 7509: 7362: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7018: 7017: 7014: 7013: 6775: 6774: 6746: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6706: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6610: 6609: 6566:Vallibonavenatrix 6469: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6309: 6308: 6090: 6089: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6018: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5412: 5411: 5270: 5269: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5193: 5192: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4688:Media related to 4499:. Massachusetts: 4360:978-0-394-58816-2 4329:978-1-85283-774-7 4301:978-0-520-24209-8 4256:Tyrannosaurus rex 4194:(5084): 161–163. 4172:978-0-385-47775-8 4110:(7526): 203–205. 4088:978-0-521-78142-8 3960:(6796): 619–622. 3857:(1): 158–168.e4. 3416:(6850): 873–874. 3254:(6106): 510–514. 3148:978-0-520-24209-8 3104:978-0-691-13720-9 3071:978-0-691-16766-4 3043:978-0-671-61946-6 2996:. LiveScience.com 2994:uk.news.yahoo.com 2800:978-0-89950-917-4 2764:978-0-253-00824-4 2689:978-0-691-05900-6 2599:"A new dinosaur, 2254:hesperornithiform 2117:Palaeoenvironment 2105:fibre bundles of 1674:Dinosauria Museum 1619:Maniraptoriformes 1614: 1613: 1605: 1604: 1596: 1595: 1587: 1586: 1578: 1577: 1278:, both forming a 1103:occipital condyle 1049:showing an adult 914:dinosaurs") were 526:Ornithomimosauria 438:million years ago 351: 350: 345: 273: 234:Ornithomimosauria 9078: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9012: 8997: 8996: 8984: 8983: 8971: 8970: 8958: 8957: 8956: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8911: 8910: 8898: 8892: 8885: 8741:Aepyornithomimus 8642: 8641: 8559: 8558: 8534: 8533: 8498:Sinocalliopteryx 8418: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8408:Neocoelurosauria 8373: 8372: 8362: 8361: 8349: 8348: 8337: 8330: 8323: 8317: 8260: 8259: 8228: 8227: 8197:Zhuchengtyrannus 8121:Thanatotheristes 8052: 8051: 8016: 8015: 7984:Appalachiosaurus 7976: 7975: 7845: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7835:Pantyrannosauria 7726: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7716:Tyrannosauroidea 7711: 7710: 7686:Xinjiangovenator 7611: 7610: 7600: 7599: 7587: 7586: 7575: 7568: 7563: 7556: 7550: 7378: 7377: 7368: 7367: 7284: 7283: 7204:Acrocanthosaurus 7196: 7195: 7084: 7083: 7031: 7030: 6957:Yangchuanosaurus 6941: 6940: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6889: 6840: 6839: 6821:Lourinhanosaurus 6805: 6804: 6794: 6793: 6781: 6780: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6712: 6711: 6678:Sigilmassasaurus 6621: 6620: 6578:Ceratosuchopsini 6529: 6528: 6482: 6481: 6427:Dubreuillosaurus 6351: 6350: 6334:Streptospondylus 6326: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6292:Piatnitzkysaurus 6250: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6235: 6234: 6120: 6119: 6109: 6108: 6096: 6095: 6084: 6077: 6070: 6063: 6024: 6023: 5859:Ekrixinatosaurus 5843: 5842: 5834: 5833: 5663: 5662: 5478: 5477: 5429: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5338: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5300: 5299: 5289: 5288: 5276: 5275: 5265: 5259: 5169:Procompsognathus 5075: 5074: 4958: 4957: 4876: 4875: 4865: 4864: 4852: 4851: 4798: 4797: 4789: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4737: 4736: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4699: 4698: 4687: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4498: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4458: 4449: 4448: 4438: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4315: 4306: 4305: 4289: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4262: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4208:10.1038/214161a0 4183: 4177: 4176: 4160: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4068: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4045: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4005: 3994: 3993: 3974:10.1038/35020550 3949: 3943: 3942: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3906:(3–4): 241–244. 3891: 3885: 3884: 3866: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3768:(3–4): 227–256. 3757: 3751: 3750: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3697: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3657: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3613:(5): 1100–1117. 3602: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3507: 3497: 3480:(12): e0145168. 3461: 3450: 3449: 3430:10.1038/35091139 3405: 3396: 3395: 3365: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3325: 3316: 3315: 3299: 3288: 3287: 3242: 3233: 3232: 3214: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3186: 3177:(10). e0266648. 3162: 3153: 3152: 3136: 3126: 3109: 3108: 3092: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3057: 3048: 3047: 3034:384–386, 393–394 3031: 3021: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2946: 2937: 2936: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2890: 2875: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2831: 2822: 2805: 2804: 2788: 2778: 2769: 2768: 2750: 2735: 2734: 2705: 2694: 2693: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2658: 2649: 2640: 2639: 2633: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2607: 2594: 2534:Muttaburrasaurus 2420:Steven Spielberg 2141:Nemegt Formation 2131:Nemegt Formation 2077:, and brooding. 1935:in the beaks of 1815:Feeding and diet 1765:thermoregulation 1759:related to high 1743:binocular vision 1569: 1547: 1525: 1503: 1489: 1476: 1461: 1460: 1447: 1433: 1420: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1359: 1344: 1343: 1334: 1333: 1323: 1308: 1282:(or "advanced") 1155:sacral vertebrae 1143:dorsal vertebrae 1047:Life restoration 1011:coronoid process 987:secondary palate 908:ornithomimosaurs 845:Philip J. Currie 833:informally named 686:Rinchen Barsbold 682:Halszka Osmólska 583:Nemegt Formation 504:, it would have 436:, about seventy 410: 406: 401: 400: 397: 396: 393: 390: 387: 384: 381: 378: 375: 372: 369: 366: 340: 308: 304: 285:G. bullatus 265: 258: 245: 232: 150: 149: 124: 114: 44: 29:Temporal range: 21: 20: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9031: 9030: 9027: 9017: 9015: 9007: 9005: 9000: 8992: 8987: 8979: 8974: 8966: 8961: 8952: 8951: 8946: 8937: 8936: 8931: 8918: 8908: 8899: 8886: 8860: 8823: 8804:Sinornithomimus 8726: 8669: 8631: 8548: 8542:Compsognathidae 8530: 8517: 8505:Sinosauropteryx 8437:Compsognathidae 8431: 8410: 8401: 8369: 8356: 8339: 8338: 8324: 8297: 8292:Shanyangosaurus 8285:Phaedrolosaurus 8246: 8202: 8168: 8126: 8105:Daspletosaurini 8099: 8072: 8047:Tyrannosaurinae 8041: 8020:Albertosaurinae 8012: 8010:Tyrannosauridae 8003: 7972: 7970:Eutyrannosauria 7959: 7837: 7824: 7805:Proceratosaurus 7776: 7747: 7718: 7707: 7698: 7664:Richardoestesia 7648:Chilantaisaurus 7607: 7594: 7577: 7576: 7557: 7530: 7506: 7466:Australovenator 7444: 7438:Chilantaisaurus 7416:Phuwiangvenator 7338: 7303:Giganotosaurini 7297: 7273: 7185: 7148:Chilantaisaurus 7133: 7073: 7027: 7010: 6962: 6930: 6886: 6877: 6855:Monolophosaurus 6836: 6827: 6801: 6788: 6771: 6770: 6756: 6730: 6690: 6663: 6629:Camarillasaurus 6606: 6572: 6518: 6512:Ostafrikasaurus 6490:Camarillasaurus 6478: 6461: 6411:Afrovenatorinae 6405: 6364: 6340: 6318: 6305: 6263: 6242: 6240:Megalosauroidea 6231: 6222: 6217:Vectaerovenator 6210:Szechuanosaurus 6188:Monolophosaurus 6174:Kaijiangosaurus 6167:Cryolophosaurus 6128:Calamospondylus 6116: 6103: 6086: 6085: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6042: 5998: 5979:Pycnonemosaurus 5921: 5832: 5826:Majungasaurinae 5811: 5753:Majungasaurinae 5747: 5742:Xenotarsosaurus 5678:Dryptosauroides 5659: 5642: 5594: 5566:Elaphrosaurinae 5560: 5467: 5453:Ornithomimoides 5421: 5408: 5381: 5330: 5321: 5296: 5283: 5266: 5260: 5238: 5213: 5189: 5117: 5064: 5030:Shuangbaisaurus 4954: 4945: 4872: 4859: 4834: 4814: 4808:Avemetatarsalia 4793:Avemetatarsalia 4783: 4768:Avemetatarsalia 4742: 4741: 4731: 4726: 4680: 4675: 4674: 4664: 4662: 4652: 4648: 4621: 4617: 4610: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4569: 4565: 4526: 4522: 4515: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4459: 4452: 4427:10.2307/1213468 4411: 4407: 4392:10.2307/1225728 4376:Jurassic Park's 4372: 4368: 4361: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4316: 4309: 4302: 4280: 4276: 4260: 4246: 4242: 4227: 4223: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4151: 4147: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4059: 4055: 4043: 4037: 4033: 4006: 3997: 3950: 3946: 3923: 3919: 3892: 3888: 3851:Current Biology 3841:Button, D. J.; 3839: 3835: 3820: 3816: 3793: 3789: 3758: 3754: 3747:10.1139/e72-031 3723: 3719: 3695:10.1.1.394.9219 3675: 3671: 3655:10.1.1.211.3044 3638: 3634: 3603: 3599: 3589: 3587: 3586:on 22 June 2018 3568: 3564: 3535:(6): e1221415. 3525: 3521: 3462: 3453: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3366: 3355: 3326: 3319: 3300: 3291: 3243: 3236: 3212: 3206: 3202: 3163: 3156: 3149: 3127: 3112: 3105: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3022: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2986: 2982: 2947: 2940: 2908: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2873: 2867: 2863: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2829: 2823: 2808: 2801: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2751: 2738: 2706: 2697: 2690: 2676: 2672: 2656: 2650: 2643: 2631: 2625: 2621: 2605: 2595: 2564: 2559: 2547: 2475:special effects 2396: 2357:Therizinosaurus 2316:tyrannosauroids 2245:enantiornithine 2231:crocodylomorphs 2190:of present-day 2161:Late Cretaceous 2147:has never been 2119: 2048:Smallest known 2042: 1847:cranial kinesis 1845:was capable of 1817: 1721:estimated that 1666: 1650:Thomas R. Holtz 1615: 1606: 1597: 1588: 1579: 1504: 1490: 1487: 1434: 1431: 1413:Sinornithomimus 1400: 1397: 1373: 1370: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1316: 1315: 1313:Experimentarium 1309: 1246: 1040: 1015:oviraptorosaurs 957:temporal region 928: 879: 810:new combination 802:Gregory S. Paul 778:Fossil poaching 615: 607:special effects 431:Late Cretaceous 408: 404: 363: 359: 320: 310: 302: 301: 288: 264: 256: 243: 230: 144: 115: 113: 112: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 39: 38: 31:Late Cretaceous 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9084: 9074: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9026: 9025: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8985: 8972: 8959: 8944: 8928: 8926: 8920: 8919: 8905: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8870: 8869: 8866: 8865: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8858: 8857: 8856: 8850: 8841: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8814: 8807: 8800: 8793: 8786: 8779: 8772: 8769:Dromiceiomimus 8765: 8758: 8751: 8744: 8736: 8734: 8732:Ornithomimidae 8728: 8727: 8725: 8724: 8717: 8713:Paraxenisaurus 8709: 8701: 8694: 8687: 8679: 8677: 8675:Deinocheiridae 8671: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8664:Shenzhousaurus 8660: 8653: 8645: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8622: 8614: 8607: 8600: 8593: 8586: 8578: 8570: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8546: 8537: 8531: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8515: 8508: 8501: 8494: 8486: 8479: 8472: 8465: 8461:Beipiaognathus 8457: 8450: 8441: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8421: 8411: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8399: 8392: 8385: 8376: 8370: 8365: 8358: 8357: 8345: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8332: 8318: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8288: 8281: 8274: 8266: 8264: 8256: 8255: 8252: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8242: 8236: 8234: 8224: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8212: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8200: 8193: 8186: 8178: 8176: 8174:Tyrannosaurini 8170: 8169: 8167: 8166: 8159: 8152: 8144: 8136: 8134: 8132:Teratophoneini 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8117: 8114:Daspletosaurus 8109: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8094:Qianzhousaurus 8090: 8082: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8063: 8055: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8032: 8024: 8022: 8013: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8001: 7994: 7991:Bistahieversor 7987: 7979: 7973: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7957: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7927: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7899: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7871: 7863: 7856: 7848: 7838: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7822: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7794: 7786: 7784: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7766: 7758: 7756: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7737: 7729: 7719: 7714: 7708: 7705:Tyrannoraptora 7703: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7689: 7682: 7675: 7667: 7660: 7652: 7644: 7637: 7629: 7622: 7614: 7608: 7603: 7596: 7595: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7570: 7551: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7526: 7520: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7497: 7490: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7462: 7454: 7452: 7450:Megaraptoridae 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7434: 7426: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7397: 7389: 7381: 7375: 7364: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7315: 7312:Giganotosaurus 7307: 7305: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7295: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7271: 7264: 7257: 7250: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7215: 7207: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7175: 7167: 7160: 7152: 7143: 7141: 7139:Neovenatoridae 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7124: 7121:Ulughbegsaurus 7117: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7063: 7055: 7047: 7039: 7037: 7028: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6972: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6953: 6949:Xuanhanosaurus 6944: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6920: 6916:Xuanhanosaurus 6912: 6905: 6902:Asfaltovenator 6897: 6887: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6875: 6867: 6863:Megalosauridae 6859: 6851: 6843: 6837: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6825: 6817: 6808: 6802: 6797: 6790: 6789: 6777: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6764: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6708: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6681: 6673: 6671: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6637:Ichthyovenator 6633: 6624: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6582: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6562: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6532: 6526: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6508: 6501: 6498:Cristatusaurus 6494: 6485: 6479: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6455:Poekilopleuron 6451: 6448:Piveteausaurus 6444: 6437: 6430: 6423: 6415: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6403: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6374: 6372: 6370:Megalosaurinae 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6354: 6348: 6346:Megalosauridae 6342: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6329: 6319: 6314: 6311: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6299:Xuanhanosaurus 6295: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6261: 6258:Yunyangosaurus 6253: 6243: 6238: 6232: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6198: 6195:Pandoravenator 6191: 6184: 6181:Kayentavenator 6177: 6170: 6163: 6155: 6148: 6140: 6132: 6123: 6117: 6112: 6105: 6104: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6032: 6030: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5960: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5931: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5912: 5909:Skorpiovenator 5905: 5897: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5846: 5840: 5831: 5830: 5821: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5802: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5765: 5757: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5724: 5721:Spectrovenator 5717: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5674: 5666: 5660: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5604: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5585: 5578: 5570: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5555:Spinostropheus 5551: 5544: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5498: 5490: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5457: 5449: 5441: 5432: 5422: 5419:Abelisauroidea 5417: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5406: 5399: 5391: 5389: 5387:Ceratosauridae 5383: 5382: 5380: 5379: 5376:Saltriovenator 5372: 5364: 5357: 5353:Fosterovenator 5349: 5341: 5331: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5315:Lophostropheus 5311: 5303: 5297: 5292: 5285: 5284: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5229: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5203: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5176:Pterospondylus 5172: 5165: 5157: 5149: 5146:Lucianovenator 5142: 5135: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5078: 5072: 5070:Coelophysoidea 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5055: 5047: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5019: 5012: 5009:Lophostropheus 5005: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4977: 4969: 4961: 4955: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4943: 4935: 4927: 4919: 4911: 4908:Erythrovenator 4904: 4896: 4888: 4879: 4873: 4868: 4861: 4860: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4824: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4801: 4795: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4770: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4733: 4732: 4725: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4679: 4678:External links 4676: 4673: 4672: 4646: 4615: 4609:978-1605984995 4608: 4590: 4575:Jurassic World 4563: 4536:(2): 231–268. 4520: 4514:978-0262294867 4513: 4483: 4450: 4415:Film Quarterly 4405: 4380:Cinema Journal 4366: 4359: 4335: 4328: 4307: 4300: 4286:The Dinosauria 4274: 4240: 4233:(in Russian). 4221: 4178: 4171: 4145: 4094: 4087: 4053: 4031: 4020:(4): 345–377. 3995: 3944: 3917: 3886: 3833: 3814: 3787: 3752: 3733:(4): 375–402. 3717: 3688:(2–4): 57–70. 3669: 3632: 3597: 3562: 3519: 3451: 3397: 3391:978-0253339072 3390: 3370:"Lower jaw of 3353: 3340:(2): 347–358. 3317: 3289: 3234: 3200: 3154: 3147: 3133:The Dinosauria 3110: 3103: 3077: 3070: 3049: 3042: 3007: 2980: 2938: 2902: 2891:on 14 May 2018 2861: 2843: 2806: 2799: 2770: 2763: 2736: 2717:(2): 150–159. 2695: 2688: 2670: 2641: 2619: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2546: 2543: 2506:John R. Horner 2502:bird evolution 2486:Jurassic Park' 2440:visual effects 2395: 2392: 2188:Okavango Delta 2118: 2115: 2041: 2038: 1953:foraminiferans 1941:filter-feeding 1917:Mark A. Norell 1816: 1813: 1665: 1662: 1623:coelurosaurian 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1498: 1491: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1435: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1338:Ornithomimidae 1332: 1325: 1318: 1317: 1310: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1289:The following 1266:Lü found that 1245: 1244:Classification 1242: 1127:Shenzhousaurus 1039: 1036: 1019:therizinosaurs 995:common seagull 979:internal nares 927: 924: 878: 875: 855:junior synonym 847:proposed that 688:named the new 652:were numerous 614: 611: 571:filter-feeding 349: 348: 347: 346: 329: 328: 322: 321: 311: 297: 296: 290: 289: 281: 279: 275: 274: 254: 250: 249: 247:Ornithomimidae 241: 237: 236: 228: 221: 220: 215: 208: 207: 202: 195: 194: 189: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 138: 137: 126: 125: 117: 116: 108: 107: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 28: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9083: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9051:Ornithomimids 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9036: 9029: 9024: 9014: 9013: 9010: 8995: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8977: 8973: 8969: 8964: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8945: 8940: 8934: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8912: 8897: 8893: 8891: 8884: 8855: 8851: 8849: 8845: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8834: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8811:Struthiomimus 8808: 8806: 8805: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8787: 8785: 8784: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8773: 8771: 8770: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8762:"Coelosaurus" 8759: 8757: 8756: 8752: 8750: 8749: 8745: 8743: 8742: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8733: 8729: 8723: 8722: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8702: 8700: 8699: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8661: 8659: 8658: 8657:Pelecanimimus 8654: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8646: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8618:Thecocoelurus 8615: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8606: 8605: 8601: 8599: 8598: 8597:Kinnareemimus 8594: 8592: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8551: 8544: 8543: 8539: 8538: 8535: 8532: 8529: 8524: 8514: 8513: 8509: 8507: 8506: 8502: 8500: 8499: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8480: 8478: 8477: 8476:Huaxiagnathus 8473: 8471: 8470: 8469:Compsognathus 8466: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8456: 8455: 8451: 8448: 8447: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8427: 8423: 8422: 8419: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8404: 8398: 8397: 8396:Ornitholestes 8393: 8391: 8390: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8378: 8377: 8374: 8371: 8368: 8363: 8359: 8355: 8350: 8346: 8336: 8331: 8329: 8322: 8316: 8294: 8293: 8289: 8287: 8286: 8282: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8273: 8272: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8199: 8198: 8194: 8192: 8191: 8190:Tyrannosaurus 8187: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8163:Teratophoneus 8160: 8158: 8157: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8143: 8142: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8118: 8116: 8115: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8089: 8088: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8064: 8062: 8061: 8057: 8056: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8031: 8030: 8029:Albertosaurus 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8011: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7971: 7966: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7948: 7947: 7946:Xiongguanlong 7943: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7926: 7925: 7924:Suskityrannus 7921: 7919: 7918: 7917:Stokesosaurus 7914: 7912: 7911: 7910:Santanaraptor 7907: 7905: 7904: 7900: 7898: 7897: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7886: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7853:Alectrosaurus 7850: 7849: 7846: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7831: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7807: 7806: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7772: 7771: 7770:Tanycolagreus 7767: 7765: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7750: 7743: 7742: 7738: 7736: 7735: 7731: 7730: 7727: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7712: 7709: 7706: 7701: 7695: 7694: 7690: 7688: 7687: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7633:Bahariasaurus 7630: 7628: 7627: 7623: 7621: 7620: 7616: 7615: 7612: 7609: 7606: 7605:Coelurosauria 7601: 7597: 7593: 7592:Coelurosauria 7588: 7584: 7574: 7569: 7567: 7562: 7555: 7549: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7516:Coelurosauria 7513: 7503: 7502: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7491: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7475: 7474: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7463: 7461: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7420: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7393:Bahariasaurus 7390: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7316: 7314: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7237: 7235: 7234: 7233:Kelmayisaurus 7230: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7221: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7200: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7166: 7165: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7076: 7069: 7068: 7067:Saurophaganax 7064: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7021: 7007: 7006: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6998:Siamotyrannus 6995: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6911: 6910: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6895: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6884:Allosauroidea 6880: 6873: 6872: 6871:Spinosauridae 6868: 6865: 6864: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6852: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6841: 6838: 6835: 6830: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6809: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6763: 6761: 6754: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6687: 6686: 6682: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6616:Spinosaurinae 6613: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6594:Riparovenator 6591: 6589: 6588: 6587:Ceratosuchops 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6568: 6567: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6551:Riojavenatrix 6548: 6546: 6545: 6541: 6539: 6538: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6524:Baryonychinae 6521: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6476:Spinosauridae 6472: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6400:Wiehenvenator 6397: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6343: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6312: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6212: 6211: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6136:Chienkosaurus 6133: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6093: 6083: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6021: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5927:Furileusauria 5924: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5901:Rahiolisaurus 5898: 5896: 5895: 5891: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5817:Carnotaurinae 5814: 5808: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5798:Rahiolisaurus 5795: 5793: 5792: 5791:Majungasaurus 5788: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5730: 5729: 5728:Tarascosaurus 5725: 5723: 5722: 5718: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5686:Eoabelisaurus 5683: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5671:Chenanisaurus 5668: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5657:Abelisauridae 5653: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5616:Masiakasaurus 5613: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5582:Huinculsaurus 5579: 5577: 5576: 5575:Elaphrosaurus 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5494:Austrocheirus 5491: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5415: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5346:Berberosaurus 5343: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5324: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5264: 5258: 5235: 5234: 5233:Halticosaurus 5230: 5228: 5227: 5226:Teinurosaurus 5223: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5196: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5153:Megapnosaurus 5150: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5123:Coelophysidae 5120: 5114: 5113: 5112:Powellvenator 5109: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5006: 5004: 5003: 5002:Liliensternus 4999: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4973:Dolichosuchus 4970: 4968: 4967: 4966:Dilophosaurus 4963: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4948: 4941: 4940: 4939:Herrerasauria 4936: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4892:Daemonosaurus 4889: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4723: 4718: 4716: 4711: 4709: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4693: 4692: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4619: 4611: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4578: 4576: 4567: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4524: 4516: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4496: 4487: 4472: 4468: 4466: 4465:Jurassic Park 4457: 4455: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4386:(4): 82–103. 4385: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4346:Jurassic Park 4339: 4331: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4312: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4158: 4149: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4090: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4057: 4049: 4042: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3805:Palaeontology 3802: 3800: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3402: 3393: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3334:Palaeontology 3331: 3324: 3322: 3314:(2): 235–259. 3313: 3309: 3305: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3239: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3211: 3204: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3159: 3150: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3134: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3106: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3090: 3081: 3073: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2945: 2943: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2887: 2883: 2880:(in Danish). 2879: 2872: 2865: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2840:(1): 195–207. 2839: 2835: 2828: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2802: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2786: 2777: 2775: 2766: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2691: 2685: 2681: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2630: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2602: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2562: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2542: 2540: 2539:Jurassic Park 2536: 2535: 2530: 2529:Jurassic Park 2526: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2453:Tyrannosaurus 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2415:Jurassic Park 2411: 2404: 2400: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2364: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2328: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2301:Nemegtosaurus 2297: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2269:ankylosaurids 2266: 2265: 2261:, as well as 2260: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168:type locality 2166: 2162: 2158: 2157:Maastrichtian 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2114: 2112: 2111:ornithischian 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2051: 2046: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2025:caenagnathids 2022: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1855:Struthiomimus 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1839:insectivorous 1835: 1830: 1821: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1711:colour vision 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1675: 1670: 1664:Palaeobiology 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1643:Turgai Strait 1639: 1635: 1634: 1633:Pelecanimimus 1629: 1624: 1620: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1600: 1592: 1591: 1583: 1582: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1496: 1495:Struthiomimus 1485: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1407: 1406: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1346: 1345: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1322: 1314: 1307: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1254:Struthiomimus 1251: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1051:with feathers 1048: 1044: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 971:parietal bone 968: 967: 966:Struthiomimus 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 941: 932: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 904: 899: 895: 891: 883: 874: 872: 868: 864: 863:morphological 860: 856: 852: 851: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 821:Struthiomimus 818: 814: 811: 807: 803: 798: 796: 791: 787: 783: 779: 773: 768: 764: 762: 758: 757: 751: 746: 740: 735: 731: 728: 724: 723: 718: 717:specific name 714: 710: 706: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 678: 676: 673: 669: 664: 660: 655: 654:ornithomimids 651: 647: 643: 639: 631: 627: 623: 619: 610: 608: 604: 603: 602:Jurassic Park 598: 594: 593: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 533: 532: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 502: 497: 493: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 466: 461: 457: 453: 452: 447: 443: 439: 435: 432: 428: 424: 421: 417: 413: 412: 399: 357: 356: 343: 339: 337: 333: 332: 330: 327: 323: 319: 315: 309: 307: 298: 295: 294:Binomial name 291: 287: 286: 280: 277: 276: 271: 268: 263: 262: 255: 252: 251: 248: 242: 239: 238: 235: 229: 226: 223: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 209: 206: 203: 200: 197: 196: 193: 190: 187: 184: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173: 170: 167: 164: 163: 160: 157: 154: 153: 148: 143: 139: 136: 132: 127: 123: 118: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 43: 36: 35:Maastrichtian 32: 26: 22: 19: 9061:Nemegt fauna 9028: 8923: 8887: 8816: 8809: 8802: 8795: 8788: 8783:Ornithomimus 8781: 8775: 8774: 8767: 8760: 8753: 8746: 8739: 8721:Tyrannomimus 8719: 8711: 8703: 8696: 8691:Deinocheirus 8689: 8682: 8662: 8655: 8648: 8624: 8616: 8611:Nqwebasaurus 8609: 8604:Nedcolbertia 8602: 8595: 8588: 8582:Calamosaurus 8580: 8574:Aviatyrannis 8572: 8565: 8540: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8488: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8459: 8454:Aristosuchus 8452: 8446:Aniksosaurus 8444: 8426:Aniksosaurus 8424: 8394: 8387: 8379: 8325: 8290: 8283: 8276: 8269: 8195: 8188: 8181: 8161: 8154: 8146: 8141:Dynamoterror 8139: 8119: 8112: 8092: 8085: 8065: 8060:Asiatyrannus 8058: 8034: 8027: 7998:Dryptosaurus 7996: 7989: 7982: 7951: 7944: 7937: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7889:Jinbeisaurus 7887: 7880: 7873: 7865: 7860:Aviatyrannis 7858: 7851: 7817: 7812:Sinotyrannus 7810: 7803: 7796: 7789: 7768: 7761: 7739: 7732: 7691: 7684: 7677: 7669: 7662: 7654: 7646: 7641:Bicentenaria 7639: 7631: 7626:Asiamericana 7624: 7617: 7558: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7478: 7471: 7464: 7457: 7436: 7428: 7421: 7414: 7407: 7401:Deltadromeus 7399: 7391: 7384: 7333:Tyrannotitan 7331: 7324: 7317: 7310: 7290: 7266: 7261:Taurovenator 7259: 7252: 7245: 7240:Lajasvenator 7238: 7231: 7224: 7219:Concavenator 7217: 7209: 7202: 7177: 7169: 7162: 7154: 7146: 7126: 7119: 7111: 7104: 7097: 7090: 7065: 7057: 7049: 7042: 7035:Allosauridae 7003: 6996: 6991:Shidaisaurus 6989: 6982: 6975: 6955: 6947: 6922: 6914: 6907: 6900: 6869: 6861: 6853: 6846: 6819: 6811: 6799:Avetheropoda 6786:Avetheropoda 6757: 6716:Avetheropoda 6683: 6676: 6669:Spinosaurini 6656: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6627: 6599: 6592: 6585: 6564: 6556: 6549: 6544:Protathlitis 6542: 6535: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6488: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6434:Leshansaurus 6432: 6425: 6418: 6398: 6391: 6386:Megalosaurus 6384: 6379:Duriavenator 6377: 6357: 6332: 6316:Megalosauria 6297: 6290: 6285:Marshosaurus 6283: 6278:Condorraptor 6276: 6256: 6215: 6208: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6179: 6172: 6165: 6159:Cruxicheiros 6157: 6150: 6142: 6134: 6126: 5991: 5986:Quilmesaurus 5984: 5977: 5970: 5962: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5934: 5914: 5907: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5871: 5864: 5857: 5849: 5838:Brachyrostra 5824: 5804: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5767: 5760: 5740: 5735:Tralkasaurus 5733: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5705: 5698: 5691: 5684: 5676: 5669: 5637:Vespersaurus 5635: 5630:Velocisaurus 5628: 5621: 5614: 5607: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5531: 5525:Deltadromeus 5523: 5515: 5509:Compsosuchus 5507: 5500: 5492: 5484: 5459: 5451: 5445:Lametasaurus 5443: 5435: 5401: 5396:Ceratosaurus 5394: 5374: 5366: 5359: 5351: 5344: 5328:Ceratosauria 5313: 5306: 5231: 5224: 5182: 5174: 5167: 5159: 5151: 5144: 5137: 5130: 5110: 5105:Podokesaurus 5103: 5096: 5089: 5081: 5057: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4988:Gojirasaurus 4986: 4981:Dracovenator 4979: 4971: 4964: 4952:Neotheropoda 4937: 4929: 4921: 4915:Guaibasaurus 4913: 4906: 4898: 4890: 4884:Chindesaurus 4882: 4772: 4763: 4690: 4663:. Retrieved 4659: 4649: 4635:(2): 24–27. 4632: 4628: 4618: 4599: 4593: 4581:. Retrieved 4574: 4566: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4494: 4486: 4474:. Retrieved 4470: 4464: 4421:(3): 27–37. 4418: 4414: 4408: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4345: 4338: 4319: 4285: 4277: 4268: 4264: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4156: 4148: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4064: 4056: 4047: 4034: 4017: 4013: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3933:(2): 81–83. 3930: 3926: 3920: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3854: 3850: 3843:Zanno, L. E. 3836: 3827: 3817: 3811:(4): 64–677. 3808: 3804: 3798: 3790: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3685: 3679: 3672: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3588:. Retrieved 3584:the original 3579: 3575: 3565: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3413: 3409: 3377: 3371: 3337: 3333: 3311: 3307: 3251: 3247: 3220: 3216: 3203: 3174: 3170: 3132: 3088: 3080: 3061: 3027: 2998:. Retrieved 2993: 2983: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2916: 2912: 2905: 2893:. Retrieved 2886:the original 2881: 2878:GeologiskNyt 2877: 2864: 2856:the original 2846: 2837: 2833: 2784: 2754: 2714: 2710: 2679: 2673: 2664: 2660: 2635: 2622: 2613: 2609: 2600: 2538: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2509: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2479: 2462: 2457: 2451: 2447: 2418:by director 2413: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2387: 2384:Deinocheirus 2383: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2283:Prenocephale 2281: 2272: 2262: 2256: 2247: 2234: 2233:, including 2222: 2220: 2207: 2164: 2136: 2135: 2126: 2106: 2089: 2079: 2063:Ornithomimus 2062: 2055: 2049: 2033:convergently 2028: 2018: 2011:Deinocheirus 2010: 2007: 1994: 1981: 1972: 1970: 1965: 1956: 1928: 1925:Ornithomimus 1924: 1920: 1914: 1909:hadrosaurids 1896: 1895:The beak of 1881: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1842: 1833: 1828: 1826: 1804: 1800: 1775: 1769: 1755: 1751: 1748:Deinocheirus 1747: 1739: 1722: 1699:Dale Russell 1694:Deinocheirus 1692: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1657: 1647: 1631: 1616: 1562:Ornithomimus 1560: 1559: 1538: 1537: 1516: 1515: 1493: 1467: 1466: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1411: 1410: 1383: 1350: 1349: 1294: 1288: 1275: 1272:sister taxon 1267: 1262: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1211: 1169: 1138: 1137:The back of 1136: 1131: 1125: 1107:zygapophyses 1062: 1061: 1056:Ornithomimus 1054: 1022: 999:angular bone 991: 975:parasphenoid 964: 939: 938:The head of 937: 903:Ornithomimus 901: 889: 888: 870: 866: 858: 848: 841:Dong Zhiming 836: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 806:Ornithomimus 805: 799: 794: 789: 785: 781: 776: 760: 754: 749: 747: 743: 720: 708: 704: 693: 692:and species 679: 658: 650:Nemegt Basin 635: 629: 600: 596: 592:Deinocheirus 590: 586: 578: 562: 554: 542: 540: 535: 529: 509: 506:had feathers 501:Ornithomimus 499: 496:ornithomimid 491: 490: 482:ornithomimid 477: 473: 463: 450: 449: 354: 353: 352: 336:Ornithomimus 334: 313: 305: 300: 284: 283: 269: 260: 259: 224: 211: 198: 185: 24: 18: 8948:Wikispecies 8848:Maniraptora 8837:Maniraptora 8818:Tototlmimus 8748:Anserimimus 8698:Garudimimus 8684:Beishanlong 8626:Valdoraptor 8567:Arkansaurus 8512:Xunmenglong 8389:Juravenator 8183:Tarbosaurus 8067:Nanuqsaurus 8036:Gorgosaurus 7953:Megaraptora 7939:Timurlengia 7671:Sciurumimus 7619:Aratasaurus 7487:Murusraptor 7409:Fukuiraptor 7372:Megaraptora 7254:Shaochilong 7226:Eocarcharia 7179:Megaraptora 7099:Lusovenator 6977:Alpkarakush 6834:Carnosauria 6685:Spinosaurus 6658:Siamosaurus 6558:Suchosaurus 6505:Iberospinus 6441:Magnosaurus 6420:Afrovenator 6393:Torvosaurus 6144:Chilesaurus 5957:Carnotaurus 5950:Caletodraco 5936:Abelisaurus 5762:Arcovenator 5609:Laevisuchus 5600:Noasaurinae 5502:Berthasaura 5473:Noasauridae 5403:Genyodectes 5368:Lukousaurus 5361:Jubbulpuria 5161:Panguraptor 5139:Coelophysis 5132:Camposaurus 5091:Panguraptor 5083:Dracoraptor 5059:Zupaysaurus 5044:Tachiraptor 5023:Sarcosaurus 4923:Nhandumirim 4503:. pp. 4436:10919/25811 3223:: 241–255. 2961:: 160–167. 2380:Anserimimus 2369:Nemegtomaia 2345:Tochisaurus 2321:Tarbosaurus 2289:Saurolophus 2236:Shamosuchus 2212:radioactive 2210:, are more 2196:Barun Goyot 2184:floodplains 2040:Development 2020:Segnosaurus 2015:diplodocoid 2003:ectothermic 1999:endothermic 1986:gastroliths 1978:hadrosaurid 1654:troodontids 1540:Anserimimus 1268:Anserimimus 1083:pleurocoels 877:Description 850:Anserimimus 813:O. bullatus 713:Galliformes 646:Gobi Desert 587:Anserimimus 575:herbivorous 531:Anserimimus 460:Galliformes 442:Gobi Desert 429:during the 9035:Categories 8954:Gallimimus 8924:Gallimimus 8776:Gallimimus 8705:Harpymimus 8650:Harpymimus 8271:Iliosuchus 8241:see below↓ 8078:Alioramini 7896:Juratyrant 7882:Eotyrannus 7867:Bagaraatan 7819:Yutyrannus 7753:Coeluridae 7679:Vayuraptor 7525:see below↓ 7501:Tratayenia 7494:Orkoraptor 7480:Megaraptor 7386:Aoniraptor 7319:Mapusaurus 7247:Sauroniops 7211:Altispinax 7164:Neovenator 7106:Siamraptor 7092:Datanglong 7059:Epanterias 7051:Antrodemus 7044:Allosaurus 7025:Allosauria 6848:Altispinax 6813:Gasosaurus 6725:see below↓ 6601:Suchomimus 6202:Sinosaurus 6037:see below↓ 5993:Viavenator 5943:Aucasaurus 5880:Ilokelesia 5851:Dahalokely 5806:Rajasaurus 5784:Indosaurus 5777:Genusaurus 5769:Dahalokely 5693:Indosuchus 5589:Limusaurus 5548:Ligabueino 5541:Kiyacursor 5533:Genusaurus 5517:Dahalokely 5437:Betasuchus 5308:Dornraptor 5208:see below↓ 5184:Segisaurus 5037:Sinosaurus 4900:Eodromaeus 4829:see below↓ 4777:Dinosauria 4759:Sauropsida 4691:Gallimimus 4583:3 December 2951:Gallimimus 2616:: 103–143. 2557:References 2525:Gallimimus 2521:Queensland 2510:Gallimimus 2498:Gallimimus 2494:Alan Grant 2490:Gallimimus 2482:Gallimimus 2463:Gallimimus 2458:Gallimimus 2448:Gallimimus 2438:, but the 2424:1990 novel 2410:Gallimimus 2403:Gallimimus 2388:Gallimimus 2363:Elmisaurus 2333:Bagaraatan 2312:Gallimimus 2295:Barsboldia 2258:Judinornis 2223:Gallimimus 2208:Gallimimus 2176:siltstones 2165:Gallimimus 2151:, but the 2137:Gallimimus 2127:Gallimimus 2107:Gallimimus 2099:canaliculi 2090:Gallimimus 2086:phosphorus 2059:crocodiles 2050:Gallimimus 2029:Gallimimus 1995:Gallimimus 1982:Gallimimus 1973:Gallimimus 1966:Gallimimus 1957:Gallimimus 1937:anseriform 1929:Gallimimus 1921:Gallimimus 1897:Gallimimus 1882:Gallimimus 1878:Jørn Hurum 1851:Gallimimus 1843:Gallimimus 1834:Gallimimus 1829:Gallimimus 1809:gregarious 1805:Gallimimus 1801:Gallimimus 1776:Gallimimus 1772:taphonomic 1761:metabolism 1756:Gallimimus 1723:Gallimimus 1715:camouflage 1689:prehensile 1685:Gallimimus 1681:Gallimimus 1440:Gallimimus 1295:Gallimimus 1276:Gallimimus 1263:Gallimimus 1250:Gallimimus 1230:metatarsal 1139:Gallimimus 1132:Gallimimus 1099:atlas bone 1065:had 64–66 1063:Gallimimus 1031:keratinous 1027:edentulous 1023:Gallimimus 1003:surangular 945:premaxilla 940:Gallimimus 890:Gallimimus 871:Gallimimus 867:Gallimimus 859:Gallimimus 837:Gallimimus 829:Gallimimus 817:Gallimimus 795:Gallimimus 790:Gallimimus 786:Gallimimus 782:Gallimimus 761:Gallimimus 750:Gallimimus 739:CosmoCaixa 672:Cretaceous 630:Gallimimus 622:Cretaceous 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2200:Djadochta 2095:histology 2071:courtship 1949:ostracods 1862:omnivores 1788:sediments 1780:sandstone 1703:cursorial 1687:were not 1672:Skull in 1518:Qiupalong 1469:Rativates 1291:cladogram 1184:olecranon 1122:Pneumatic 1111:processes 1087:pneumatic 1067:vertebrae 916:feathered 547:cursorial 522:pneumatic 518:vertebrae 312:Osmólska 278:Species: 218:Theropoda 165:Kingdom: 159:Eukaryota 8933:Wikidata 8381:Coelurus 7798:Kileskus 7791:Guanlong 7763:Coelurus 7656:Gualicho 7156:Gualicho 6537:Baryonyx 5873:Guemesia 5700:Kryptops 5461:Ozraptor 5098:Pendraig 4753:Chordata 4751:Phylum: 4747:Animalia 4660:BBC News 4237:: 76–96. 4132:25337885 3982:10949300 3898:bones". 3873:31813611 3845:(2019). 3712:18592288 3648:: 5–61. 3590:16 April 3557:89242374 3514:26682888 3474:PLOS ONE 3438:11528466 3276:23112330 3171:PLOS One 2731:27845359 2667:: 33–82. 2545:See also 2467:gazelles 2442:company 2428:stampede 2318:such as 2314:include 2271:such as 2192:Botswana 2103:collagen 1933:lamellae 1901:lamellae 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The 983:palate 973:. The 953:orbits 894:family 715:. 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