765:
504:
353:
2671:
2150:
456:, a voice-driven musical style, and opera remained the central form of galant music. The new music was not as essentially a court music as it was a city music: the cities emphasized by Daniel Heartz, a recent historian of the style, were first of all Naples, then Venice, Dresden, Berlin, Stuttgart and Mannheim, and Paris. Many galant composers spent their careers in less central cities, ones that may be considered consumers rather than producers of the
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which was fashionable in the upper-class societies of
Western Europe from the 1720s to the 1770s. On the other hand, the term found a narrowing in musicology in the 19th and 20th centuries: the focus is on compositions that can be seen as moving away from the Baroque in its more rhetorical formal
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language, but which at the same time only display qualities that can be attributed to the pre-classical period to a limited extent. At this point, the galant style can be seen as a step towards the formally freer, sensitive style,
612:
were rococo not merely in subject matter, but also in the lighter, cleaner tonality of his palette, and the glazes that supplied a galant translucency to his finished pictures often compared to the orchestrations of galant music.
334:, which seeks to express personal emotions and sensitivity, can be seen either as a closely related North-German dialect of the international galant style, or as contrasted with it, as between the music of
589:
as so much classical music was to be: "It is indicative that Haydn, even in his old age, is reported to have said, 'If you want to know whether a melody is really beautiful, sing it without accompaniment
597:, which is generally slower in galant music than is the case in the earlier baroque style, thus making lavish melodic ornamentation and nuances of secondary harmonic colorings more important.
369:
1025:
86:
880:
Das neu-eröffnete
Orchestre, oder Universelle und gründliche Anleitung wie ein Galant Homme einen vollkommenen Begriff von der Hoheit und Würde der edlen Music erlangen
272:
2196:
317:, short, periodic phrases, a reduced harmonic vocabulary emphasizing tonic and dominant, and a clear distinction between soloist and accompaniment.
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153:
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in the visual arts are easily overplayed, but characteristics that were valued in both genres were freshness, accessibility and charm.
325:, who were among the most significant theorists of the late 18th century, contrasted the galant with the "learned" or "strict" styles.
265:
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2189:
478:
The change was as much at the birth of
Romanticism as it was of Classicism. The folk-song element in poetry, like the singable
957:
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The word "galant" derives from French, where it was in use from at least the 16th century. In the early 18th century, a
2014:
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Versuch über die wahre Art das
Clavier zu spielen, mit Exempeln und achtzehn Probe-Stücken in sechs Sonaten erläutert
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Not every contemporary was delighted with this revolutionary simplification: Johann Samuel Petri, in his
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This movement featured a return to simplicity and immediacy of appeal after the complexity of the late
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Klavierschule, oder, Anweisung zum
Klavierspielen für Lehrer und Lernende: mit kritischen Anmerkungen
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appears to have been fond of the term. It features in the title of his first publication of 1713,
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described a person of fashion, who was elegant, cultured and virtuous. The German theorist
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870:, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
547:
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926:. Harvard University Press Reference Library 16. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
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Mattheson was apparently the first to refer to a "galant style" in music, in his
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This simplified style was melody-driven, not constructed on rhythmic or melodic
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44:
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are exemplars of galant style. Some of the works of the
Portuguese composer
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794:. 2 vols. Berlin: In verlegung des auctoris, gedruckt bey C. F. Henning.
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1971:
1879:
1847:
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1685:
412:
193:
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1924:
1194:
314:
882:, with added remarks by Reinhard Keiser. Hamburg: Benjamin Schiller.
342:, who carried the galant style further and was closer to classical.
2174:
1976:
1951:
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1857:
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era. This meant simpler, more song-like melodies, decreased use of
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1760:
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Heartz, Daniel, and Bruce Alan Brown. 2001a. "Empfindsamkeit".
668:
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346:
717:
401:
einen vollkommenen
Begriff von der Hoheit und Würde der edlen
1941:
1936:
1909:
1775:
1680:
832:
Music in
European Capitals: The Galant Style, 1720–1780
806:, translated by M. D. Herter Norton. New York: W. W. Norton.
571:
678:
663:
1822:
1770:
1740:
1735:
1720:
1700:
889:
Ornamentation
According to C. P. E. Bach and J. J. Quantz
866:
Heartz, Daniel, and Bruce Allen Brown. 2001b. "Galant'.
695:
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482:
melody in galant music, was brought to public notice in
913:. Leipzig: Schwickert; Halle: Hemmerde und Schwetschke.
2695:
690:
639:
753:
729:
522:Some of Telemann's later music and of Bach's sons,
804:Classic and Romantic Music: A Comprehensive Survey
741:
651:
475:(1782) spoke of the "great catastrophe in music".
865:
846:
684:
672:
468:in Venice and Georg Philipp Telemann in Hamburg.
422:of 1721. He recognized a lighter, modern style,
2719:
952:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
868:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
850:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
705:
415:to emphasize the many non-German expressions.
2190:
993:
266:
2197:
2183:
1000:
986:
918:Wolf, Eugene K. 2003. "Empfindsam style".
426:and named among its leading practitioners
301:that prepared the early classical period.
273:
259:
874:
723:
411:rendered here in italics, Mattheson used
345:This musical style was part of the wider
974:, fifth edition. New York: W. W. Norton.
593:". This simplification also extended to
502:
364:
351:
338:, a founder of both styles, and that of
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771:
735:
699:
2178:
981:
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759:
747:
2204:
917:
903:
786:
711:
657:
645:
600:The affinities of galant style with
13:
939:
14:
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2040:historically informed performance
1007:
891:. Bloomington: 1stBooks Library.
397:und gründliche Anleitung wie ein
2705:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2158:
2149:
2148:
582:are firmly in the galant style.
2215:List of Classical-era composers
920:The Harvard Dictionary of Music
861:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
500:" inventions during the 1760s.
473:Anleitung zur praktischen Musik
304:
1:
1541:
1343:
1165:
1030:
633:
450:. All were composing Italian
349:movement in art at the time.
226:
210:
168:
142:
116:
75:
49:
922:, fourth edition, edited by
853:, second edition, edited by
552:Giovanni Battista Sammartini
460:: Johann Christian Bach and
7:
616:
10:
2754:
972:A History of Western Music
834:. New York: W. W. Norton.
788:Bach, Carl Phillip Emanuel
489:Reliques of Ancient Poetry
2649:
2604:
2583:
2547:
2526:
2221:
2212:
2128:
2085:
1995:
1815:
1794:
1659:
1536:
1338:
1163:
1024:
1018:List of Baroque composers
1015:
950:Music in the Galant Style
336:Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
61:Transition to Renaissance
2733:Classical period (music)
420:Das forschende Orchestre
180:Transition to Modernism
128:Transition to Classical
27:Western classical music
16:1750s–1770s music style
2612:Common practice period
2093:Common practice period
685:Heartz and Brown 2001b
673:Heartz and Brown 2001a
623:Empfindsamkeit (music)
519:
448:George Frideric Handel
436:Georg Philipp Telemann
376:
374:
154:Transition to Romantic
101:Common practice period
2575:Turkish music (style)
2229:First Viennese School
2015:British Baroque music
946:Gjerdingen, Robert O.
524:Johann Joachim Quantz
506:
372:
355:
340:Johann Christian Bach
87:Transition to Baroque
2738:Age of Enlightenment
2622:Age of Enlightenment
1433:Jacquet de La Guerre
1363:Bodin de Boismortier
905:Türk, Daniel Gottlob
887:Palmer, Kris. 2001.
512:Jean-Philippe Rameau
440:Alessandro Scarlatti
424:einem galanten Stylo
2534:Classical orchestra
2025:early music revival
1596:Frederick the Great
548:Johann Adolph Hasse
544:Frederick the Great
532:Carl Heinrich Graun
462:Carl Friedrich Abel
323:Daniel Gottlob Türk
241: •
236: •
1325:Torrejón y Velasco
924:Don Michael Randel
560:Baldassare Galuppi
520:
516:Les indes galantes
466:Baldassare Galuppi
428:Giovanni Bononcini
407:. (Instead of the
389:Das neu-eröffnete
377:
375:
363:2nd edition (1698)
2693:
2692:
2172:
2171:
2134:Renaissance music
1802:Baroque orchestra
968:Claude V. Palisca
964:Grout, Donald Jay
958:978-0-19-531371-0
932:978-0-674-01163-2
876:Mattheson, Johann
540:Georg Anton Benda
370:
331:empfindsamer Stil
283:
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188:
187:
95:
94:
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2206:Classical period
2199:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2175:
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2152:
2151:
2067:polychoral style
1982:sonata da chiesa
1543:
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988:
979:
978:
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843:
823:
800:Blume, Friedrich
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568:Domenico Alberti
556:Giuseppe Tartini
494:James Macpherson
385:Johann Mattheson
371:
361:L'Europe galante
275:
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172: 1800–1910
170:
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146: 1730–1820
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120: 1600–1750
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79: 1400–1600
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2712:Classical music
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2658:
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2596:Galant Schemata
2579:
2570:Sensitive style
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2527:Instrumentation
2522:
2256:Mannheim school
2217:
2208:
2203:
2173:
2168:
2145:
2141:Classical music
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2124:
2081:
2077:Galant Schemata
1991:
1890:concerto grosso
1811:
1790:
1662:
1655:
1532:
1368:G. B. Bononcini
1334:
1159:
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940:Further reading
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628:Galant schemata
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595:harmonic rhythm
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528:Johann Gottlieb
444:Antonio Vivaldi
432:Antonio Caldara
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53: 500–1400
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2591:Notes inégales
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2062:notes inégales
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1807:Basso continuo
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1190:H. I. F. Biber
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828:Heartz, Daniel
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724:Mattheson 1713
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662:
660:, p. 405.
650:
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635:
632:
631:
630:
625:
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610:fêtes galantes
564:Johann Stamitz
508:Louis Fuzelier
306:
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297:Empfindsamkeit
289:refers to the
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2728:Baroque music
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2303:C. P. E. Bach
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2018:
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1816:Musical forms
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1611:Padre Martini
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1556:C. P. E. Bach
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1130:M. Praetorius
1128:
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1019:
1014:
1010:
1009:Baroque music
1003:
998:
996:
991:
989:
984:
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973:
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965:
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898:
897:9780759609358
894:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
855:Stanley Sadie
852:
851:
845:
841:
840:9780393050806
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:9780393098686
817:
813:
812:9780393021370
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
783:
782:
773:
768:
762:, p. 19.
761:
756:
750:, p. 20.
749:
744:
738:, p. 18.
737:
732:
726:, title page.
725:
720:
713:
708:
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696:
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686:
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669:
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629:
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621:
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588:
583:
581:
580:Carlos Seixas
577:
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319:C. P. E. Bach
316:
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292:
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48:
46:
43:
42:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
28:
24:Major eras of
23:
22:
19:
2660:
2653:
2555:Galant music
2554:
2139:
2132:
2103:Architecture
2052:Folk baroque
2047:Figured bass
2020:counterpoint
1996:Other topics
1868:18th-century
1863:17th-century
1537:
1488:D. Scarlatti
1305:A. Scarlatti
1275:J. Pachelbel
1026:Transitional
971:
949:
919:
908:
888:
879:
867:
859:John Tyrrell
848:
831:
803:
791:
780:
779:
767:
755:
743:
731:
719:
707:
680:
653:
641:
609:
599:
584:
570:, and early
521:
515:
487:
484:Thomas Percy
479:
477:
472:
470:
458:style galant
457:
451:
423:
419:
417:
404:
400:
399:Galant Homme
396:
392:
388:
381:galant homme
380:
378:
360:
357:André Campra
344:
329:
327:
308:
305:Music styles
295:
286:
284:
243:21st-century
238:20th-century
221:Contemporary
127:
18:
2373:Hoffmeister
2343:Dittersdorf
2072:Style brisé
2008:Chamber pop
2003:Baroque pop
1947:grand motet
1920:passacaglia
1731:lautenwerck
1726:harpsichord
1696:double bass
1663:Instruments
1621:Mondonville
1453:A. Marcello
1383:F. Couperin
1330:Vejvanovský
1280:J. Playford
1260:J.-B. Lully
1225:Charpentier
1180:d'Anglebert
1065:Frescobaldi
1029:and early (
772:Heartz 2003
736:Heartz 2003
700:Palmer 2001
492:(1765) and
464:in London,
453:opera seria
409:Gothic type
395:Universelle
328:The German
230: 1945
214: 1890
71:Renaissance
34:Early music
2722:Categories
2617:Classicism
2605:Background
2584:Techniques
2560:Intermezzo
2518:Zingarelli
2423:Mysliveček
2318:Boccherini
2308:J. C. Bach
2291:J. Stamitz
2286:C. Stamitz
2086:Background
1972:recitative
1880:concertato
1848:canzonetta
1711:fortepiano
1686:clavichord
1636:Sammartini
1616:Mysliveček
1576:Boccherini
1566:W. F. Bach
1561:J. C. Bach
1358:J. S. Bach
1285:H. Purcell
1205:Cabanilles
1120:Monteverdi
1095:Kapsberger
1085:O. Gibbons
1080:C. Gibbons
1075:V. Galilei
1055:J. Dowland
1045:G. Caccini
760:Blume 1970
748:Blume 1970
634:References
285:In music,
2632:Economics
2565:Pastorale
2513:Wranitzky
2433:Paisiello
2418:L. Mozart
2323:Cherubini
2266:Cannabich
2234:Beethoven
2222:Composers
2118:Sculpture
2035:ensembles
2030:festivals
1925:sarabande
1853:capriccio
1795:Ensembles
1626:L. Mozart
1528:de Zumaya
1463:Pergolesi
1443:Locatelli
1428:Heinichen
1413:Gorczycki
1408:Geminiani
1388:Delalande
1310:Stradella
1265:M. Marais
1245:Froberger
1210:Carissimi
1200:Buxtehude
1155:Sweelinck
814:(cloth);
712:Wolf 2003
658:Türk 1789
648:, passim.
646:Bach 1753
518:(1735–36)
480:cantabile
391:Orchestre
373:Ouverture
315:polyphony
205:Modernism
194:New music
138:Classical
2675:Category
2652: ←
2468:Sacchini
2438:Piccinni
2393:Kreutzer
2388:Koželuch
2368:M. Haydn
2363:Gyrowetz
2333:Clementi
2328:Cimarosa
2313:G. Benda
2249:Schubert
2154:Category
2131: ←
2113:Painting
1977:ricercar
1952:madrigal
1932:fantasia
1900:courante
1885:concerto
1858:chaconne
1751:recorder
1676:carillon
1646:Telemann
1591:Corrette
1586:F. Brixi
1571:F. Benda
1503:Telemann
1468:Pisendel
1418:Graupner
1353:Albinoni
1290:Reincken
1255:Legrenzi
1240:Diletsky
1164:Middle (
1070:Gabrieli
970:. 1996.
907:. 1789.
878:. 1713.
830:. 2003.
802:. 1970.
790:. 1753.
617:See also
405:erlangen
164:Romantic
45:Medieval
2665:→
2637:Physics
2498:Traetta
2478:Salieri
2463:Rosetti
2398:Krommer
2281:Richter
2144:→
2098:Baroque
1967:prelude
1905:gavotte
1875:chorale
1843:canzona
1833:cantata
1786:violone
1766:trumpet
1761:theorbo
1756:sackbut
1691:cornett
1671:bassoon
1661:Musical
1601:Galuppi
1523:Zelenka
1513:Vivaldi
1498:Tartini
1473:Porpora
1458:Pepusch
1398:Fischer
1373:Caldara
1320:Torelli
1315:Strozzi
1235:Corelli
1215:Cavalli
1185:Bassani
1140:Scheidt
1090:d'India
1040:Allegri
781:Sources
702:, xvii.
606:Watteau
393:, oder
311:Baroque
112:Baroque
2698:Portal
2685:Portal
2548:Genres
2508:Wanhal
2503:Viotti
2448:Reicha
2443:Pleyel
2428:Neruda
2403:Kuhlau
2378:Hummel
2358:Gossec
2348:Dussek
2338:Czerny
2276:Fränzl
2244:Mozart
2164:Portal
2057:monody
1915:minuet
1828:ballet
1781:violin
1716:guitar
1631:Quantz
1538:Galant
1493:Seixas
1483:Rameau
1478:Quantz
1423:Handel
1378:Campra
1295:Sabini
1270:Muffat
1230:Clarke
1175:Amodei
1150:Schütz
1145:Schein
1115:Merula
1110:Michna
1060:Franck
1050:Coelho
966:, and
956:
948:2007.
930:
895:
838:
822:(pbk).
818:
810:
602:Rococo
587:motifs
576:Mozart
498:Ossian
347:galant
287:galant
2493:Spohr
2488:Soler
2483:Sarti
2413:Méhul
2383:Kraus
2353:Gluck
2239:Haydn
2108:Dance
1987:suite
1962:opera
1942:fugue
1937:folia
1910:gigue
1895:dance
1838:canon
1776:viola
1746:organ
1706:flute
1681:cello
1641:Soler
1606:Hasse
1581:Boyce
1544:1720)
1518:Weiss
1508:Vinci
1448:Lotti
1393:Fasch
1346:1700)
1250:Kerll
1220:Cesti
1168:1650)
1135:Rossi
1105:Lawes
1100:Landi
1033:1600)
572:Haydn
536:Franz
413:Roman
403:Music
291:style
225:from
209:from
2458:Rode
2453:Ries
2298:Abel
2271:Fils
2261:Beck
1957:mass
1823:aria
1771:viol
1741:oboe
1736:lute
1721:harp
1701:drum
1651:Zach
1551:Arne
1340:Late
1300:Sanz
1195:Blow
1125:Peri
954:ISBN
928:ISBN
893:ISBN
857:and
836:ISBN
816:ISBN
808:ISBN
574:and
538:and
530:and
510:and
496:'s "
446:and
321:and
2627:Art
1403:Fux
774:, .
608:'s
486:'s
2724::
1542:c.
1344:c.
1166:c.
1031:c.
692:^
665:^
566:,
562:,
558:,
554:,
550:,
546:,
542:,
534:,
526:,
514:,
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
359:,
227:c.
211:c.
169:c.
143:c.
117:c.
76:c.
50:c.
2700::
2198:e
2191:t
2184:v
1540:(
1342:(
1001:e
994:t
987:v
960:.
934:.
899:.
842:.
714:.
687:.
675:.
591:'
299:,
274:e
267:t
260:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.