1164:
GABRD gene expression, and as a result of these mutations, some diseases occur, for example, epilepsy. Epilepsy is called the sudden discharge process that occurs in the brain, and as a result, sudden contractions occur in the body. but the role of GABRD in epilepsy is less. It has also been observed that it has an effect on autism spectrum disorder as a result of the variation of the GABRD protein. The GABRD gene encodes the δ subunit of the GABA A receptor, which is highly expressed in the brain and mediates tonic inhibition-related signaling. It has also been proven that excessive release of neurotransmitters plays a role in triggering some types of cancer and uncontrolled cell proliferation. In recent studies, GABRD gene expression is at very high levels in colon adenocarcinoma. In addition, scientists have proven in their research that Gabrd expression is excessive in the relevant tissues.
1147:
GABRD gene, is implicated in the regulation of anxiety and stress responses. While there is ongoing research to understand the complex genetic and neurobiological factors contributing to anxiety disorders, it's important to note that anxiety is a multifaceted condition influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Many genes, neurotransmitters, and brain regions are likely involved in the development and manifestation of anxiety. Individuals with variations in the GABRD gene may exhibit differences in GABA-A receptor function, which could potentially influence their susceptibility to anxiety or other related conditions. However, the interplay of genetics with environmental factors is complex, and it's crucial to consider a holistic perspective when understanding the causes of anxiety.
1151:
those associated with the GABRD gene, can influence this balance and potentially contribute to the development of epilepsy. Research has suggested that alterations in the GABRD gene may be implicated in certain forms of epilepsy. Mutations or variations in genes encoding GABA receptor subunits can affect the function of these receptors, leading to an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, which may contribute to the hyperexcitability observed in epilepsy. It's important to note that epilepsy is a complex disorder with various genetic and environmental factors contributing to its development. While some individuals with epilepsy may have genetic mutations affecting GABA receptors, not all cases are directly linked to specific genes.
244:
221:
143:
118:
495:
250:
149:
1286:
changes during development, influencing synaptic maturation. Emerging evidence suggests GABRD expression in certain glial cells, indicating potential roles in glia-neuron communication. Additionally, GABRD is detected in peripheral tissues, hinting at non-neuronal functions. Altered GABRD expression is linked to neurological disorders, emphasizing its significance.
1285:
The GABRD gene, encoding the delta subunit of the GABAA receptor, exhibits cell type-specific expression patterns. Primarily found in neurons, particularly in brain regions like the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, GABRD plays a crucial role in inhibitory neurotransmission. Its expression dynamically
1154:
GABA levels, known as the neurotransmitter, one of the most important signals of the mammalian brain, have recently been involved in mood disorders. Genetic studies have also shown that some genes are involved in mood disorders. GABARD is one of the strong candidates among these genes. As a result of
1146:
Research has suggested that alterations in the GABRD gene may be linked to certain neurological and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety. Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear, or nervousness. The GABA system, including the
1150:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. GABAergic neurotransmission, mediated by the GABA-A receptor, is essential for maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals in the brain. Changes in the functioning of GABA receptors, including
1121:
receptors. However, they do show an exquisitely high sensitivity to ethanol compared to the benzodiazepine-sensitive receptors, which do not respond to ethanol however these results are not fully confirmed in the literature. The δ-subunit containing receptors are also known to be involved in the
1163:
GABRD effect has also been observed in some types of cancer. For example, GABRD effect has been observed in colorectal cancer. According to research conducted by scientists, it has been observed that colorectal cancers metastasize. In some neurological diseases, some mutations occur depending on
1338:
of the mature peptide sequence of relevant subunit. The GFP tagging of δ-subunit was performed in the different domains of the subunit such as the N-terminus, C-terminus as well as intracellular (cytoplasmic) domain. Nevertheless, despite these and other studies, it is not clear if this subunit
1096:
receptors, the ligand-gated chloride channels. It is assembled from a diverse subunit pool, including assemblies from a family of 19 subunits (α1-α6, β1-β3, γ1-γ3, δ, ∈, θ, π and ρ1-ρ3). The GABRD gene encodes the delta (δ) subunit. Specifically, the δ-subunit is usually expressed in
1274:. Gene expression was detected in all three cell types, but showed marked enrichment in neurogliaform cells versus the other cell types examined. The GABAA receptor delta subunit is profoundly downregulated with chronic intermittent exposure to
2682:
Lee HJ, Absalom NL, Hanrahan JR, van
Nieuwenhuijzen P, Ahring PK, Chebib M (August 2016). "A pharmacological characterization of GABA, THIP and DS2 at binary α4β3 and β3δ receptors: GABA activates β3δ receptors via the β3(+)δ(-) interface".
1490:
Emberger W, Windpassinger C, Petek E, Kroisel PM, Wagner K (Sep 2000). "Assignment of the human GABAA receptor delta-subunit gene (GABRD) to chromosome band 1p36.3 distal to marker NIB1364 by radiation hybrid mapping".
1777:
Dibbens LM, Feng HJ, Richards MC, Harkin LA, Hodgson BL, Scott D, et al. (July 2004). "GABRD encoding a protein for extra- or peri-synaptic GABAA receptors is a susceptibility locus for generalized epilepsies".
1343:
expression of the δ subunit was observed only in the presence of both α and β subunits. However, another group suggested that the δ subunit can target to the cell membrane and the βδ containing receptors exist.
257:
156:
2774:
Lenzen KP, Heils A, Lorenz S, Hempelmann A, Sander T (June 2005). "Association analysis of the Arg220His variation of the human gene encoding the GABA delta subunit with idiopathic generalized epilepsy".
2455:
Schofield PR, Darlison MG, Fujita N, Burt DR, Stephenson FA, Rodriguez H, et al. (July 1987). "Sequence and functional expression of the GABA A receptor shows a ligand-gated receptor super-family".
1298:
receptors were initially cloned by the classical method that the peptide sequences obtained from purified (bovine brain) receptors were used to construct synthetic DNA probes to screen brain
2812:
Windpassinger C, Kroisel PM, Wagner K, Petek E (June 2002). "The human gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor delta (GABRD) gene: molecular characterisation and tissue-specific expression".
1143:
Mutations or dysregulation of GABRD and other GABA-A receptor subunits have been implicated in conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety disorders, and certain neurodevelopmental disorders.
1339:
requires α and β subunits for the membrane targeting since literature suggests conflicting results. By the use of GFP tagging of this subunit, one group reported that the
2542:
Arslan A, von
Engelhardt J, Wisden W (December 2014). "Cytoplasmic domain of δ subunit is important for the extra-synaptic targeting of GABAA receptor subtypes".
2507:
Seeburg PH, Wisden W, Verdoorn TA, Pritchett DB, Werner P, Herb A, et al. (1990-01-01). "The GABAA receptor family: molecular and functional diversity".
1455:
Sommer B, Poustka A, Spurr NK, Seeburg PH (October 1990). "The murine GABAA receptor delta-subunit gene: structure and assignment to human chromosome 1".
2893:
1092:
receptors, which are modulated by the GABA. GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain where it acts on the repertoire of GABA
783:
79:
764:
2991:
2577:
Christie SB, Li RW, Miralles CP, Yang B, De Blas AL (January 2006). "Clustered and non-clustered GABAA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons".
1534:
1437:
1913:
Bhat MA, Guru SA, Mir R, Waza AA, Zuberi M, Sumi MP, et al. (June 2018). "Association of GABAA Receptor Gene with
Epilepsy Syndromes".
1419:
1330:, and protein interactions of relevant receptor subtypes and the relevant subunits. Typically, the EGFP or GFP tagging has been done in the
2861:
990:
2404:
Grenningloh G, Gundelfinger E, Schmitt B, Betz H, Darlison MG, Barnard EA, et al. (November 1987). "Glycine vs GABA receptors".
983:
50:, EIG10, EJM7, GEFSP5, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor delta subunit, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta
2886:
1551:
1649:
1402:
3641:
1204:
receptor subtypes. Specifically, the pattern of cell type-specific δ subunit expression is shown in the table below.
1381:
2879:
3302:
3290:
2154:"The distribution of 13 GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat brain. I. Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon"
1101:
receptors associated with extrasynaptic activity, mediating tonic inhibition, which is slower compared to classical
243:
3322:
3199:
1866:"Loss of Gabrd in CRH neurons blunts the corticosterone response to stress and diminishes stress-related behaviors"
1406:
1385:
220:
2871:
3335:
2733:"A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration"
1240:
Thalamic relay neurons, Striatal spiny neurons, Hippocampal dentate granule cells, Neocortical pyramidal cells
828:
2347:"Complex control of GABA(A) receptor subunit mRNA expression: variation, covariation, and genetic regulation"
1632:
Goetz T, Arslan A, Wisden W, Wulff P (2007). "GABAA receptors: Structure and function in the basal ganglia".
809:
1155:
studies, it has been proven that the 8 subunits encoded by GABRD are linked to major depressive disorders.
142:
117:
59:
1728:"GABAA receptor drugs and neuronal plasticity in reward and aversion: focus on the ventral tegmental area"
2203:"The distribution of 13 GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat brain. II. Olfactory bulb and cerebellum"
2056:"Gain-of-function variants in GABRD reveal a novel pathway for neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy"
256:
155:
3357:
3314:
249:
148:
3157:
1319:
2625:"Oligomerization and cell surface expression of recombinant GABAA receptors tagged in the δ subunit"
2255:"Digital PCR to determine the number of transcripts from single neurons after patch-clamp recording"
46:
3371:
2910:
2852:
2296:"Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Regulates Hippocampal GABA(A) Receptor Delta Subunit Gene Expression"
67:
2848:
1181:
1302:. Eventually, this technique have led to the identification of most of the gene family with its
966:
945:
919:
898:
567:
transmitter-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
3558:
1123:
3646:
2906:
1528:
2105:"Enhanced expression of GABRD predicts poor prognosis in patients with colon adenocarcinoma"
1815:"Role of GABRD Gene Methylation in the Nucleus Accumbens in Heroin-Seeking Behavior in Rats"
2465:
2413:
2358:
1323:
1259:
131:
87:
2054:
Ahring PK, Liao VW, Gardella E, Johannesen KM, Krey I, Selmer KK, et al. (May 2022).
8:
3571:
1193:
2469:
2417:
2362:
1102:
3374:
3109:
2918:
2800:
2762:
2708:
2664:
2602:
2489:
2437:
2381:
2346:
2322:
2295:
2227:
2218:
2202:
2178:
2169:
2153:
2129:
2104:
2080:
2055:
2031:
2006:
1982:
1957:
1938:
1890:
1865:
1841:
1814:
1754:
1727:
1708:
1660:
1607:
1516:
1279:
1263:
1081:
91:
2825:
1696:
1683:
Korpi ER, Gründer G, Lüddens H (June 2002). "Drug interactions at GABA(A) receptors".
1641:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
2829:
2792:
2788:
2754:
2712:
2700:
2668:
2656:
2594:
2559:
2524:
2481:
2429:
2386:
2327:
2276:
2232:
2183:
2134:
2085:
2036:
1987:
1973:
1930:
1895:
1846:
1795:
1759:
1712:
1700:
1665:
1645:
1611:
1599:
1508:
1472:
39:
2804:
2766:
2606:
2253:
Faragó N, Kocsis ÁK, Lovas S, Molnár G, Boldog E, Rózsa M, et al. (June 2013).
1942:
1520:
1088:
receptors, is a determinant subunit for the specific cellular localization of δ-GABA
3416:
3149:
2821:
2784:
2744:
2696:
2692:
2646:
2636:
2586:
2551:
2516:
2493:
2473:
2441:
2421:
2376:
2366:
2317:
2307:
2266:
2222:
2214:
2173:
2165:
2124:
2116:
2075:
2067:
2026:
2018:
1977:
1969:
1922:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1836:
1826:
1787:
1749:
1739:
1692:
1655:
1637:
1589:
1500:
1464:
336:
267:
211:
166:
71:
2901:
2371:
2120:
1956:
Feng Y, Kapornai K, Kiss E, Tamás Z, Mayer L, Baji I, et al. (August 2010).
1327:
1303:
311:
95:
2641:
2624:
2520:
1442:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1424:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2983:
2935:
2749:
2732:
1594:
1573:
1353:
1271:
1189:
1176:
receptor subunits was analyzed in different brain regions. For example, in the
1130:, which means that they may have implications in learning, memory, and reward.
1110:
1061:
412:
2590:
2555:
2294:
Follesa P, Floris G, Asuni GP, Ibba A, Tocco MG, Zicca L, et al. (2015).
1926:
1831:
3635:
3461:
3391:
2975:
2927:
2865:
2312:
2103:
Wu M, Kim KY, Park WC, Ryu HS, Choi SC, Kim MS, et al. (December 2020).
2007:"GABRD promotes progression and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer"
1744:
1340:
1185:
523:
2071:
494:
472:
350:
3579:
2833:
2796:
2758:
2704:
2660:
2598:
2563:
2390:
2331:
2280:
2138:
2089:
2040:
1991:
1934:
1899:
1850:
1799:
1763:
1704:
1669:
1603:
1512:
1468:
1299:
329:
108:
2731:
Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, Patel AJ, Szabó G, Rual JF, et al. (May 2006).
2528:
2485:
2433:
2236:
2187:
2022:
1476:
1030:
1025:
2902:
1791:
1267:
1251:
1197:
1127:
1117:
receptor) are sometimes referred to as “benzodiazepine-insensitive” GABA
873:
854:
2651:
1636:. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 160. Elsevier. pp. 21–41.
1335:
1331:
1177:
228:
125:
75:
2271:
2254:
1504:
2477:
2425:
1725:
1552:"Entrez Gene: GABRD gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, delta"
728:
295:
282:
194:
181:
83:
2681:
1109:
receptors have the gamma subunit, which allows the receptor to bind
2345:
Mulligan MK, Wang X, Adler AL, Mozhui K, Lu L, Williams RW (2012).
1726:
Vashchinkina E, Panhelainen A, Aitta-Aho T, Korpi ER (2014-11-25).
1247:
1056:. In the mammalian brain, the delta (δ) subunit forms specific GABA
1014:
2403:
1958:"Association of the GABRD gene and childhood-onset mood disorders"
3506:
3501:
3250:
1489:
1275:
1060:
receptor subtypes by co-assembly leading to δ subunit containing
1046:
840:
795:
713:
709:
63:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2811:
2005:
Niu G, Deng L, Zhang X, Hu Z, Han S, Xu K, et al. (2020).
1813:
Hong Q, Xu W, Lin Z, Liu J, Chen W, Zhu H, et al. (2020).
1208:
Cell type-specific expression of δ subunit and its co-assembly
998:
750:
503:
2506:
1634:
GABA(A) receptors: structure and function in the basal ganglia
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3539:
3531:
3466:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3280:
3275:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3102:
3097:
3092:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2053:
3189:
2773:
2454:
1053:
2541:
1113:. For this reason, receptors containing δ-subunits (δ-GABA
2151:
1776:
1454:
1138:
2152:
Wisden W, Laurie DJ, Monyer H, Seeburg PH (March 1992).
319:
2344:
2252:
2576:
2293:
1631:
1105:(phasic or synaptic inhibition). The most common GABA
1955:
1278:, and appears to contribute strongly to pathological
484:
3570:
2509:
Cold Spring Harbor
Symposia on Quantitative Biology
2200:
1682:
1232:Hippocampal interneurons, Neocortical interneurons
1398:
1396:
1394:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1306:: α1-α6, β1-β3, γ1-γ3 subunits and one δ subunit.
1080:The delta (δ) subunit, one of the subunits of the
1258:gene was examined across three cell types in the
266:
165:
3633:
1863:
2730:
1912:
1391:
1370:
547:extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
2622:
2248:
2246:
2201:Laurie DJ, Seeburg PH, Wisden W (March 1992).
2004:
1403:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029054
1043:Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta
2887:
2618:
2616:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1172:The cellular localization of mRNAs of 13 GABA
699:regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
2623:Oflaz FE, Son ÇD, Arslan A (December 2019).
2338:
2287:
2102:
1906:
1857:
1812:
1770:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1533:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
2243:
1483:
1382:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187730
638:integral component of postsynaptic membrane
2894:
2880:
2862:United States National Library of Medicine
2613:
1558:
1448:
2851:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2748:
2650:
2640:
2380:
2370:
2321:
2311:
2270:
2226:
2177:
2128:
2079:
2030:
1981:
1889:
1864:Lee V, Sarkar J, Maguire J (March 2014).
1840:
1830:
1753:
1743:
1659:
1618:
1593:
1200:, and internal granule cells express GABA
1180:, various receptor subtypes are found in
562:transmembrane signaling receptor activity
2860:This article incorporates text from the
1574:"Extrasynaptic δ-subunit containing GABA
1546:
1544:
1133:
3634:
1571:
1322:(GFP) or its variants (EGFP) to study
1248:quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR
1167:
1139:Neurological and psychiatric disorders
2875:
1541:
618:integral component of plasma membrane
271:
232:
227:
170:
129:
124:
2579:Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
2629:Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
2544:Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
1582:Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
13:
2723:
2300:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
2219:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-03-01063.1992
2170:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-03-01040.1992
1246:In a technical comparison between
14:
3658:
2842:
1915:Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
1049:that in humans is encoded by the
2789:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.04.005
1974:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00598.x
689:regulation of membrane potential
669:chloride transmembrane transport
493:
255:
248:
242:
219:
154:
147:
141:
116:
2675:
2570:
2535:
2500:
2448:
2397:
2194:
2145:
2096:
2047:
1998:
1949:
1806:
1719:
1676:
2697:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.019
1882:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.011
1493:Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
1430:
1412:
1309:
679:chemical synaptic transmission
588:integral component of membrane
504:More reference expression data
473:More reference expression data
385:dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
361:right hemisphere of cerebellum
1:
2826:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00649-2
1697:10.1016/S0301-0082(02)00013-8
1642:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)60003-4
1363:
1126:(VTA) pathway in the brain's
240:
139:
2372:10.1371/journal.pone.0034586
2121:10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100861
1254:, the expression of the rat
7:
3642:Genes on human chromosome 1
2642:10.31083/j.jin.2019.04.1207
2521:10.1101/SQB.1990.055.01.006
2207:The Journal of Neuroscience
2158:The Journal of Neuroscience
1347:
1075:
659:ion transmembrane transport
373:paraflocculus of cerebellum
10:
3663:
2750:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032
1595:10.31083/j.jin.2021.01.284
1289:
443:lateral geniculate nucleus
3557:
3517:
3454:Voltage- and ligand-gated
3452:
3382:
3370:
3348:
3198:
3148:
2974:
2926:
2917:
2911:ligand-gated ion channels
2591:10.1016/j.mcn.2005.08.014
2556:10.1142/S0219635214500228
1962:Genes, Brain and Behavior
1927:10.1007/s12031-018-1081-7
1832:10.3389/fphar.2020.612200
1819:Frontiers in Pharmacology
1732:Frontiers in Pharmacology
1438:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1420:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1320:Green Fluorescent Protein
1318:receptors were tagged by
1224:Cerebellar granule cells
1158:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1013:
997:
991:Chr 4: 155.47 – 155.48 Mb
978:
963:
959:
942:
938:
931:
916:
912:
895:
891:
884:
871:
867:
852:
848:
839:
826:
822:
807:
803:
794:
781:
777:
762:
758:
749:
734:
727:
723:
707:
542:chloride channel activity
522:
518:
501:
492:
483:
470:
419:
410:
397:anterior cingulate cortex
357:
348:
318:
310:
306:
289:
276:
239:
218:
209:
205:
188:
175:
138:
115:
106:
102:
57:
54:
44:
37:
32:
28:
23:
2853:Medical Subject Headings
2313:10.3389/fncel.2015.00445
1870:Psychoneuroendocrinology
1780:Human Molecular Genetics
1745:10.3389/fphar.2014.00256
1685:Progress in Neurobiology
1182:cerebellar granule cells
583:chloride channel complex
552:GABA-A receptor activity
3200:Nicotinic acetylcholine
1572:Arslan A (March 2021).
1507:(inactive 2024-07-16).
598:GABA-A receptor complex
2109:Translational Oncology
1469:10.1089/dna.1990.9.561
1124:ventral tegmental area
694:nervous system process
435:superior frontal gyrus
2907:cell surface receptor
2072:10.1093/brain/awab391
2023:10.1515/med-2020-0128
1134:Clinical significance
984:Chr 1: 2.02 – 2.03 Mb
628:glutamatergic synapse
603:postsynaptic membrane
459:medial dorsal nucleus
451:primary visual cortex
381:primary visual cortex
3572:Purinergic receptors
2849:GABRD+protein,+human
1457:DNA and Cell Biology
1260:somatosensory cortex
1213:Subunit composition
1194:periglomerular cells
557:ion channel activity
234:Chromosome 4 (mouse)
132:Chromosome 1 (human)
2470:1987Natur.328..221S
2418:1987Natur.330...25G
2363:2012PLoSO...734586M
1264:neurogliaform cells
1209:
1168:Tissue distribution
684:signal transduction
3340:β1δε - Muscle type
2919:Cys-loop receptors
2864:, which is in the
1792:10.1093/hmg/ddh146
1280:alcohol dependence
1207:
829:ENSMUSG00000029054
664:chloride transport
652:Biological process
633:GABA-ergic synapse
576:Cellular component
530:Molecular function
447:olfactory tubercle
427:lobe of cerebellum
365:right frontal lobe
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3553:
3552:
3384:Ligand-gated only
3366:
3365:
2777:Epilepsy Research
2464:(6127): 221–227.
2272:10.2144/000114029
1786:(13): 1315–1319.
1651:978-0-444-52184-2
1505:10.1159/000015636
1314:Subunits of GABA
1244:
1243:
1188:, whereas in the
1082:hetero-pentameric
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1009:
1008:
974:
973:
953:
952:
927:
926:
906:
905:
880:
879:
861:
860:
835:
834:
816:
815:
790:
789:
771:
770:
719:
718:
643:neuron projection
514:
513:
510:
509:
479:
478:
466:
465:
455:nucleus accumbens
431:cerebellar vermis
423:cerebellar cortex
404:
403:
377:prefrontal cortex
369:cerebellar vermis
302:
301:
201:
200:
96:GABRD - orthologs
3654:
3568:
3567:
3380:
3379:
2924:
2923:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2837:
2808:
2770:
2752:
2717:
2716:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2654:
2644:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2478:10.1038/328221a0
2452:
2446:
2445:
2426:10.1038/330025b0
2401:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2374:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2213:(3): 1063–1076.
2198:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2164:(3): 1040–1062.
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2066:(4): 1299–1309.
2051:
2045:
2044:
2034:
2017:(1): 1172–1183.
2002:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1747:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1629:
1616:
1615:
1597:
1569:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1524:
1499:(3–4): 281–282.
1487:
1481:
1480:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1410:
1400:
1389:
1379:
1326:, localization,
1210:
1206:
1022:
1021:
993:
986:
969:
957:
956:
948:
936:
935:
932:RefSeq (protein)
922:
910:
909:
901:
889:
888:
865:
864:
846:
845:
820:
819:
801:
800:
775:
774:
756:
755:
725:
724:
520:
519:
506:
497:
490:
489:
475:
415:
413:Top expressed in
408:
407:
353:
351:Top expressed in
346:
345:
325:
324:
308:
307:
298:
285:
274:
259:
252:
246:
235:
223:
207:
206:
197:
184:
173:
158:
151:
145:
134:
120:
104:
103:
98:
49:
42:
21:
20:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3621:
3549:
3543:
3535:
3513:
3448:
3362:
3344:
3339:
3331:- Ganglion type
3330:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3194:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3144:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3113:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2970:
2939:
2913:
2900:
2845:
2840:
2726:
2724:Further reading
2721:
2720:
2680:
2676:
2621:
2614:
2575:
2571:
2540:
2536:
2505:
2501:
2453:
2449:
2412:(6143): 25–26.
2402:
2398:
2343:
2339:
2292:
2288:
2251:
2244:
2199:
2195:
2150:
2146:
2101:
2097:
2052:
2048:
2003:
1999:
1954:
1950:
1911:
1907:
1862:
1858:
1811:
1807:
1775:
1771:
1724:
1720:
1681:
1677:
1652:
1630:
1619:
1577:
1570:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1526:
1525:
1488:
1484:
1453:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1401:
1392:
1380:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1350:
1328:oligomerization
1317:
1312:
1297:
1292:
1272:pyramidal cells
1266:, fast spiking
1203:
1175:
1170:
1161:
1141:
1136:
1120:
1116:
1111:benzodiazepines
1108:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1031:View/Edit Mouse
1026:View/Edit Human
989:
982:
979:Location (UCSC)
965:
944:
918:
897:
810:ENSG00000187730
703:
647:
608:plasma membrane
571:
537:protein binding
502:
471:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
439:dorsal striatum
437:
433:
429:
425:
411:
400:
395:
393:cingulate gyrus
391:
389:Brodmann area 9
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
349:
293:
280:
272:
262:
261:
260:
253:
233:
210:Gene location (
192:
179:
171:
161:
160:
159:
152:
130:
107:Gene location (
58:
45:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3563:gated channels
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3458:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3414:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3358:Zinc-activated
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2928:5-HT/serotonin
2921:
2915:
2914:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2876:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2843:External links
2841:
2839:
2838:
2820:(1–2): 25–31.
2809:
2783:(1–2): 53–57.
2771:
2743:(4): 801–814.
2727:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2685:Brain Research
2674:
2635:(4): 341–350.
2612:
2569:
2550:(4): 617–631.
2534:
2499:
2447:
2396:
2337:
2286:
2265:(6): 327–336.
2242:
2193:
2144:
2115:(12): 100861.
2095:
2046:
1997:
1968:(6): 668–672.
1948:
1921:(2): 141–153.
1905:
1856:
1805:
1769:
1718:
1691:(2): 113–159.
1675:
1650:
1617:
1588:(1): 173–184.
1575:
1557:
1540:
1482:
1463:(8): 561–568.
1447:
1429:
1411:
1390:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1300:cDNA libraries
1295:
1291:
1288:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1201:
1190:olfactory bulb
1186:Purkinje cells
1173:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
995:
994:
987:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
961:
960:
954:
951:
950:
940:
939:
933:
929:
928:
925:
924:
914:
913:
907:
904:
903:
893:
892:
886:
882:
881:
878:
877:
869:
868:
862:
859:
858:
850:
849:
843:
837:
836:
833:
832:
824:
823:
817:
814:
813:
805:
804:
798:
792:
791:
788:
787:
779:
778:
772:
769:
768:
760:
759:
753:
747:
746:
741:
736:
732:
731:
721:
720:
717:
716:
705:
704:
702:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
653:
649:
648:
646:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
579:
577:
573:
572:
570:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
533:
531:
527:
526:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
499:
498:
487:
481:
480:
477:
476:
468:
467:
464:
463:
461:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
417:
416:
405:
402:
401:
399:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
354:
342:
341:
333:
322:
316:
315:
312:RNA expression
304:
303:
300:
299:
291:
287:
286:
278:
275:
270:
264:
263:
254:
247:
241:
237:
236:
231:
225:
224:
216:
215:
203:
202:
199:
198:
190:
186:
185:
177:
174:
169:
163:
162:
153:
146:
140:
136:
135:
128:
122:
121:
113:
112:
100:
99:
56:
52:
51:
43:
35:
34:
30:
29:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3659:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3334:
3332:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:public domain
2863:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2357:(4): e34586.
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:BioTechniques
2256:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2011:Open Medicine
2008:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1433:
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1387:
1383:
1378:
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1374:
1369:
1359:
1352:
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1345:
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1341:cell membrane
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
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1307:
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1301:
1287:
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1199:
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1023:
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1016:
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1005:
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992:
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985:
981:
977:
970:
968:
962:
958:
955:
949:
947:
941:
937:
934:
930:
923:
921:
915:
911:
908:
902:
900:
894:
890:
887:
885:RefSeq (mRNA)
883:
876:
875:
870:
866:
863:
857:
856:
851:
847:
844:
842:
838:
831:
830:
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812:
811:
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802:
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797:
793:
786:
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780:
776:
773:
767:
766:
761:
757:
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748:
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742:
740:
737:
733:
730:
726:
722:
715:
711:
706:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
674:ion transport
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
654:
651:
650:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
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614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:cell junction
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
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578:
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574:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
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535:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:Gene ontology
521:
517:
505:
500:
496:
491:
488:
486:
482:
474:
469:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
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364:
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338:
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331:
327:
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309:
305:
297:
292:
288:
284:
279:
269:
265:
258:
251:
245:
238:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
208:
204:
196:
191:
187:
183:
178:
168:
164:
157:
150:
144:
137:
133:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3647:Ion channels
3562:
3526:
3518:
3453:
3383:
3349:
3287:
3207:
3087:
2859:
2858:
2817:
2813:
2780:
2776:
2740:
2736:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2632:
2628:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2262:
2258:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1633:
1585:
1581:
1529:cite journal
1496:
1492:
1485:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1313:
1293:
1284:
1268:basket cells
1255:
1245:
1198:tufted cells
1171:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1079:
1072:receptors).
1050:
1042:
1041:
964:
943:
917:
896:
872:
853:
827:
808:
782:
763:
743:
738:
335:
328:
294:155,482,569
281:155,469,437
55:External IDs
18:
2903:Ion channel
2691:: 222–230.
2652:11511/41973
2585:(1): 1–14.
1324:trafficking
1310:GFP tagging
1252:digital PCR
1128:hippocampus
273:4|4 E2
33:Identifiers
3636:Categories
3375:glutamates
3372:Ionotropic
3288:pentamers:
1825:: 612200.
1578:receptors"
1409:, May 2017
1388:, May 2017
1364:References
1336:C-terminus
1332:N-terminus
1216:Cell type
1178:cerebellum
1103:inhibition
339:(ortholog)
193:2,030,758
180:2,019,329
76:HomoloGene
3208:monomers:
2713:206337032
2669:210086414
2515:: 29–40.
1876:: 75–88.
1713:140204981
1612:233193240
1066:receptors
967:NP_032098
946:NP_000806
920:NM_008072
899:NM_000815
729:Orthologs
84:GeneCards
3519:‘Orphan’
2834:12119096
2805:20661316
2797:16023832
2767:13709685
2759:16713569
2705:27181518
2661:31912692
2607:40720887
2599:16181787
2564:25233879
2391:22506031
2351:PLOS ONE
2332:26617492
2281:23750542
2139:32891902
2090:34633442
2041:33336074
1992:20561060
1943:29167453
1935:29785705
1900:24495609
1851:33551813
1800:15115768
1764:25505414
1705:12126658
1670:17499107
1604:33834705
1521:83974022
1513:10965146
1405:–
1384:–
1358:receptor
1348:See also
1304:isoforms
1076:Function
1015:Wikidata
708:Sources:
623:membrane
3417:Kainate
3150:Glycine
2529:1966765
2494:4242202
2486:3037384
2466:Bibcode
2442:4328002
2434:2823147
2414:Bibcode
2382:3323555
2359:Bibcode
2323:4637418
2306:: 445.
2237:1312132
2228:6576040
2188:1312131
2179:6576059
2130:7484591
2081:9630717
2032:7718617
1983:2935687
1891:3947777
1842:7859445
1755:4243505
1738:: 256.
1661:2648504
1477:2176788
1407:Ensembl
1386:Ensembl
1290:Cloning
1276:ethanol
1068:(δ-GABA
1047:protein
841:UniProt
796:Ensembl
735:Species
714:QuickGO
613:synapse
314:pattern
172:1p36.33
40:Aliases
2855:(MeSH)
2832:
2803:
2795:
2765:
2757:
2711:
2703:
2667:
2659:
2605:
2597:
2562:
2527:
2492:
2484:
2458:Nature
2440:
2432:
2406:Nature
2389:
2379:
2330:
2320:
2279:
2235:
2225:
2186:
2176:
2137:
2127:
2088:
2078:
2039:
2029:
1990:
1980:
1941:
1933:
1898:
1888:
1849:
1839:
1798:
1762:
1752:
1711:
1703:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1610:
1602:
1519:
1511:
1475:
1237:α4β2δ
1159:Cancer
1084:δ-GABA
1001:search
999:PubMed
874:P22933
855:O14764
751:Entrez
485:BioGPS
64:137163
2801:S2CID
2763:S2CID
2709:S2CID
2665:S2CID
2603:S2CID
2490:S2CID
2438:S2CID
2060:Brain
1939:S2CID
1709:S2CID
1608:S2CID
1517:S2CID
1256:gabrd
1229:α1bδ
1221:α6bδ
1051:GABRD
1045:is a
784:14403
744:Mouse
739:Human
710:Amigo
337:Mouse
330:Human
277:Start
212:Mouse
176:Start
109:Human
88:GABRD
80:55489
72:95622
47:GABRD
24:GABRD
3527:GluD
3462:NMDA
3392:AMPA
3350:Zinc
3336:(α1)
3327:(β4)
3323:(α1)
3315:(α7)
3307:(β2)
3303:(α4)
3295:(β4)
3291:(α3)
3110:GABA
2984:GABA
2976:GABA
2936:5-HT
2830:PMID
2814:Gene
2793:PMID
2755:PMID
2737:Cell
2701:PMID
2689:1644
2657:PMID
2595:PMID
2560:PMID
2525:PMID
2482:PMID
2430:PMID
2387:PMID
2328:PMID
2277:PMID
2233:PMID
2184:PMID
2135:PMID
2086:PMID
2037:PMID
1988:PMID
1931:PMID
1896:PMID
1847:PMID
1796:PMID
1760:PMID
1701:PMID
1666:PMID
1646:ISBN
1600:PMID
1535:link
1509:PMID
1473:PMID
1354:GABA
1294:GABA
1270:and
1250:and
1184:and
1097:GABA
1062:GABA
1054:gene
765:2563
320:Bgee
268:Band
229:Chr.
167:Band
126:Chr.
60:OMIM
3580:P2X
3559:ATP
3507:L1B
3502:L1A
3251:α10
2822:doi
2818:292
2785:doi
2745:doi
2741:125
2693:doi
2647:hdl
2637:doi
2587:doi
2552:doi
2517:doi
2474:doi
2462:328
2422:doi
2410:330
2377:PMC
2367:doi
2318:PMC
2308:doi
2267:doi
2223:PMC
2215:doi
2174:PMC
2166:doi
2125:PMC
2117:doi
2076:PMC
2068:doi
2064:145
2027:PMC
2019:doi
1978:PMC
1970:doi
1923:doi
1886:PMC
1878:doi
1837:PMC
1827:doi
1788:doi
1750:PMC
1740:doi
1693:doi
1656:PMC
1638:doi
1590:doi
1501:doi
1465:doi
1334:or
290:End
189:End
92:OMA
68:MGI
3638::
3497:3B
3492:3A
3487:2D
3482:2C
3477:2B
3472:2A
3271:β4
3266:β3
3261:β2
3256:β1
3246:α9
3241:α7
3236:α6
3231:α5
3226:α4
3221:α3
3216:α2
3211:α1
3114:-ρ
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1094:A
1090:A
1086:A
1070:A
1064:A
1058:A
214:)
111:)
94::
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